2005年考研英语完形填空真题解析
2005年考研英语完形填空真题解析The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1this is largely because,2animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells-we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A] even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if7. [A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9. [A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A] sure[B] stick[C] aware[D] tired18. [A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside from文章背景文章的主题是"人的鼻子"，作者谈论的中心议题是"我们常常低估了鼻子的功能。
"作者通过介绍人们对鼻子感知功能的误解和鼻子事实上具有的功能，对比了人们对气味的敏感性，以及大脑对鼻子感知的调节作用。
文章结构文章第一段提出论点The human nose is an underrated tool(人的鼻子是一种被低估的工具)。
第二段和第三段分别对人们认为人类的嗅觉不灵敏的原因进行反驳，并作出解释。
答案详解1.【解析】[C] 逻辑衔接题。
Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,this is largely because,animals, we stand upright. "人们常常认为，与动物相比，人类的嗅觉不够敏锐，……而这在很大程度上是因为人类直立行走，这一点与动物……。
"although 表示让步;as表示时间或者原因; but表示转折关系; while 表示时间或者对比。
四个选项中，but是表示转折的并列连词，but后面的内容是语句重心所在。
While也可以表示对比、转折，但作为从属连词也有让步含义。
从本题前后的语义关系来看，后半句语义应当是重心所在。
因此，正确答案为C。
2.【解析】[B] 语义衔接题。
…this is largely because,animals, we stand upright. "而这在很大程度上是因为人类直立行走，这一点与动物……" 人类直立行走，而动物却不同。
因此，正确答案为B。
3.【解析】[A] 语义衔接/ 词汇辨析题。
This means that our noses areto perceiving those smells which float through the air. "这意味着我们的鼻子……闻到漂浮在空气中的气味。
"选项A. be limited to 被限制在……;B. be committed to 被交给……,答应承担……义务;C. be dedicated to 奉献，献给;D. be confined to 限制在，局限于。
根据句意可以排除B、C项。
be confined to 有"把……局限/限制于"的含义，但是它一般用于具体范围的"局限、限制"，与句子的语境不符。
因此，正确答案为A。
4.【解析】[C] 语义衔接题。
本题目选择介词或者现在分词，将前面的句子和后面的名词连接到一起，体现紧密的逻辑关系。
句子叙述到This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air,the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. "这意味着我们的鼻子只能闻到漂浮在空气中的气味，……大多数在地表附近的气味。
"不难发现，人类闻到的气味有限，没有闻到的地表的气味很多。
选项A. catching 抓住;B. ignoring 忽略;C. missing 错过;D. tracking 跟踪，追溯。
前面说我们的鼻子只能闻到浮在空气中的气味，对于大部分停留在表面的气味当然是"闻不到"。
首先可以排除A、D项，ignore含有"有意不……"的意思，显然不符合语境。
故正确答案为C。
5.【解析】[B] 逻辑衔接题。
In fact,,we are extremely sensitive to smells, we do not generally realize it. 由于本句中的in fact提示了转折关系，因此要选择转折的逻辑关系词。
选项A. anyway 无论如何(表示让步);B. though 虽然(表示让步或转折);C. instead 相反;D. therefore 因此(表示结果)。
四个选项中，只有though能与in fact连用表示转折(不过，事实上……)。
因此，正确答案为B。
6.【解析】[A] 逻辑衔接题。
In fact, though, we are extremely sensitive to smells,we do not generally realize it. "事实上，我们对气味极其敏感，……我们一般没有意识到。
" 选项A. even if 即使(表让步);B. if only 但愿(后常接虚拟语气，表示愿望);C. only if 如果(用于表达条件关系，only表强调);D. as if 似乎(用于表达比较关系)。
2005年考研英语完形填空真题解析
2005 年考研英语完形填空真题解析The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitivesmellers compared with animals,1this is largely because,2animals, we stand upright. Thismeans that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majorityof smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to farbelow one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells-we simply do not need to be. We are not 17of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smellof smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2.[A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3.[A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4.[A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5.[A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6.[A] even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if7.[A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8.[A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9.[A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10.[A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11.[A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12.[A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13.[A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14.[A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15.[A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16.[A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17.[A] sure[B] stick[C] aware[D] tired18.[A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19.[A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20.[A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside from文章背景文章的主题是 "人的鼻子 "，作者谈论的中心议题是 "我们常常低估了鼻子的功能。
新考研英语完形填空真题解析
2005-2010年考研英语完形填空真题解析2008年考研英语完形填空真题解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 10 pointsThe idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 ave previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation. The latter was seen as a an 17 genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these peoplehas 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.1.A selected B prepared C obliged D pleased2.2. A unique B particular C special D rare3.3. A of B with C in D against4.4. A subsequently B presently C previously D lately5.5. A Only B So C Even D Hence6.6. A thought B sight C cost D risk7.7. A advises B suggests C protests D objects8.8. A progress B fact C need D question9.9. A attaining B scoring C reaching D calculating10.10. A normal B common C mean D total11. A unconsciouslyB disproportionatelyC indefinitelyD unaccountably12. A missionsB fortunesC interestsD careers13. A affirm B witness C observeD approve14. A moreover B therefore C however D meanwhile15. Agiven up B got over C carried on D put down16. A assessing B supervising C administering D valuing17. A development B originC consequenceD instrument18. A linked B integrated C woven Dcombined19. A limited B subjected C converted D directed20. A paradoxical B incompatible C inevitable D continuous全文翻译某些族群的人比其它族群的人聪明;这个观点是不敢说出名字的假说之一;但Gregory Cochran无论如何打算说出来;他是个稀有人物独立于机构搞研究的科学家他协助传播一个观点：某些疾病人们以前认为不是由细菌引起的,实际上传染病,这个观点一出现就引起了争议;然而,即使他对于所做的事情心有余悸;他与另外两位科学家共同发表一篇论文,论文不仅指出一个族群比另一族群聪明,而且还解释了导致这个结果的过程;所谈论的这个族群是起源于中欧洲的一个特定的民族;过程是自然选择;这个族群通常在IQ测试中得分高,高出平均分 10012-15个点,且对西方的知识和文化生活有异常的贡献;这得到了精英人物包括几位着名的科学家所取得的成就的验证;他们也比大多数人更易患某些讨厌的遗传病,例如乳腺癌;然而,这些事实以前没有被认为有联系;前者被归结到社会作用,例如价值教育的后强烈传统;后者被看作是基因隔离的结果; Dr. Cochran认为智能与疾病有紧密联系;他的观点是这些民族异常的历史使他们经历了独特的进化压力,这导致了这个似非而是的状况;1、答案：B解析：本题测试语义逻辑衔接; “ selected” 意为“挑选”; “prepared”意为“准备”；“obliged”意为“迫使,责成”；“pleased”意为“高兴地,满足地”, 前一句“人们不敢说”,本句中由“but ”一词可推出意思与上句相反,即“Cochran 准备说”, 所以选B.2、答案：D解析：本题测试词义辨析;“unique”意为“唯一的, 独特的”；“particular”意为“特殊的, 独特的”；“special”意为“特别的, 特殊的”；“rare”意为“稀罕的,珍贵的”,rare bird 意为“稀有的人”,空格相关意思是“只有Cochra准备说”, 而且“rare bird” 是固定搭配,所以选D3、答案：A解析：本题测试介词的语意搭配, independently of 意为“不依赖于, 独立”,所以选A4、答案：C解析：本题测试词义辨析;由“actually”推出本句是对现在和以前对疾病看法的对比,所以选C5、答案：C解析：本题测试副词的用法及语段的连贯性;Even 做程度副词,表示递进关系,意为“即使他自己也…”.所以选C6、答案：A解析：本题测试词义搭配;空格相关意思是“一想到他即将要做的,即使他自己也….” “At thought of ”意为“一看到…”； at sight of意为年“一看见”；at cost of 意为“以…的代价”；at risk of意为“冒着….的危险”,所以选A7、答案：B解析：本题测试动词辨析;advice意为“建议”； suggest意为“建议,提出’”；protest“主张,断言”；object“反对”,此句指“在论文中, 他建议…”,所以选B8、答案：D解析：本题测试词组搭配,in progress 意为“进行中”；in fact 意为“事实上”； in need意为“在危难中”； in question 意为“正在被讨论的”,前一句正在谈论“ group群体” ,本句衔接上一句表达“正在被讨论的这个群体”,所以选D9. 答案：B解析：本题考查动词辨析;从该句中的12-15 points 可知,前面的动词是与分数相关的;score的意思是得分,打分,而其他三项没有这层意思;故答案为B;10. 答案：C解析：本题考查形容词辨析;文中提到这组人IQ测试得分比100分高12-15分,按照常识,100分是平均分,mean的意思是平均的;所以答案为C;11. 答案：B解析：本题考查上下文的逻辑关系和副词辨析;disproportionately 的意思是不成比例地,不相称地,比例太大或太小的;这句话要传达的意思是这组人做贡献的比例非常大,故答案选B;12. 答案：D解析：本题考查上下文的逻辑关系和名词辨析;as引导的状语从句用一些精英包括科学家的职业证明前面提到的这组人所做的贡献非常大,career的意思是职业,事业,符合此意,故选D;13. 答案：A解析：本题考查动词辨析;选项Aaffirm意为确认,肯定,符合题意;而Bwitness常用作及物动词,表示见证,表明；Cobserve, 表示观察,评论,以人作主语；D意思为批准,通过的意思,也是人作主语;故答案为A;14. 答案：C解析：本题考查逻辑关系;前文同时叙述了关于这组人的两种现象,这两种现象明显是有关联的,但是这句话说到先前人们认为两者没有关系,上下文构成转折关系,故选C;15. 答案：D解析：本题考查固定搭配;get down to的意思是归因于,符合句意;而give up to的意思是让给,get over to的意思是让某人明白某事,carry on的意思是继续开展,坚持,均不合题意;故答案为D;16. 答案：D解析：本题考查动词辨析;此处要传达的意思是重视教育的传统,只有Dvaluing符合题意;17. 答案：C解析：本题考查名词辨析;此句的意思是后者是由genetic isolation 导致的结果,consequence的意思是结果,后果,故答案为C;18. 答案：A解析：本题考查动词辨析;此句Dr. Cochran的观点是这两者是密切关联的;link表示两者之间的关联或联系；integrate表示两者结合为一个整体；wave表示两者交织在一起；combine表示两者结合;只有link符合题意;故选A;19. 答案：B解析：本题考查动词辨析;subject to意为使…经受或遭受；limit to 表示限制；convert to表示转变；direct to表示指向;本句的意思是说这些人不同寻常的历史使他们经受了独特的进化压力,只有B符合题意;20. 答案：A解析：本题考查形容词辨析;此处要传达的意思是独特的进化压力导致了这种似乎矛盾的状况;paradoxical 表示似乎矛盾的,似是而非的；incompatible表示不兼容的,不协调的；inevitable表示不可避免的；continuous表示连续的; 只有A符合题意;2009年考研英语完形填空真题解析Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 , is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning-a 7 process-instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence That's the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we've left in the dust it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I've ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, ourmemory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in20 the results are inconclusive.1. A SupposeB ConsiderC ObserveD Imagine2. A tendedB fearedC happenedD threatened3. A thinnerB stablerC lighterD dimmer4. A tendencyB advantageC inclinationD priority5. A insists onB sums upC turns outD puts forward6. A offB behindC overD along7. A incredibleB spontaneousCinevitableD gradual8. A fightB doubtC stopD think9. A invisibleB limitedC indefiniteD different10. A upwardB forwardC afterwardD backward11. A featuresB influencesC resultsD costs12. A outsideB onC byD across13. A deliverB carryC performD apply14. A by chanceB in contrastC as usualD for instance15. A ifB unlessC asD lest16. A moderateB overcomeC determineD reach17. A atB forC afterD with18. A Above allB After allC HoweverD Otherwise19. A fundamentalB comprehensiveC equivalentD hostile20. A By accidentB In timeC So farD Better still文章背景本文是一篇讲述动物智能、偏重科技的文章;此文章最先刊登在2008年5月7日的纽约时报上,原文的标题是 The Cost of Smarts,翻译过来是"聪明的代价";文中通过对"果蝇"的试验研究得出"聪明是要付出代价"的结论,最后提出引人深思的问题--人类是否真正意识到自己所生存的世界;文章结构本文采用了对比的方式展开文章,叙述了人类智慧发展的代价;第一二三段围绕人类对动物智能的研究对动物以及人类自己造成的影响;文章的最后一段作者展开丰富的联想,如果动物对人类做实验的话,它们想从人类身上获取什么信息呢答案详解1.解析B 语义衔接/词汇辨析题;本题目选择动词,放在祈使句句首;选项A. suppose认为,假定;B. consider考虑;C. observe 观察;D. imagine 想象;文章开篇指出：Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are."对动物智慧的研究总是让我对人类到底有多聪明感到好奇",接着举了果蝇的例子,该句要选择的动词应与上句在语义上衔接;用consider意为"让读者考虑一下果蝇实验",从而引出下文,其他选项均不符合题意;2.解析A 语义衔接/固定搭配题;本题目选择动词过去式,与介词"to"构成动词短语,在句子中充当谓语;选项A. tended to易于,往往会……;B. feared to 害怕做某事;C. happened to 碰巧做某事;D. threatened to 威胁要做某事;Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit flyto live shorter lives. 原文讲述的是在实验中经常发生的一种情况,即"通过训练变得更聪明的果蝇,其寿命往往比普通果蝇短";故选A;3.解析D 语义衔接/词汇辨析题;本题目选择形容词比较级,在句中作定语修饰bulbs;This suggests thatbulbs burn longer, …"这让人想起……的灯泡照明时间比较长……;"上句讲到"聪明的果蝇寿命往往较短",这句接着用灯泡作类比,承接上句语义,应该是越不亮的灯泡用的时间越长,所以选D. dimmer 较暗的;选项C. lighter更亮的,与前文意思相悖;A. thinner 更薄的,更瘦的;B. stable 更稳定的;该两项均不符合题意;4.解析B 词汇辨析/固定搭配题;本题目选择名词,并与in搭配;选项A. tendency 趋势,倾向,后面常接介词for或动词不定式,如：a tendency for sth.或a tendency to do sth.做某事的倾向;B. advantage 优势,后常接介词in,即an advantage in sth. 在某方面具有优势;C. inclination倾向,意愿,倾斜度,后常接介词for或动词不定式,即an inclination for sth.或an inclination to do sth.想做某事;D. priority 优先权,后常接over,如：take priority over sth./sb. 比某事/某人具有优先权;且从上下文语义来看,前面说聪明的果蝇寿命短,越不亮的灯泡用的时间越长,所以这里语义应为"不太聪明灯泡不太亮是有优势的",故B 为正确选项;注意,bright在此处是一语双关,既可表示"灯泡不那么亮",也可表示"人不那么聪明";5.解析C 语义衔接/词汇辨析题;本题目要选择动词短语,使插入语完整;从上文可知,"聪明的果蝇寿命往往较短",以及"不太聪明是有优势的",由此推出的结果是：聪明也是要付出代价的;C. turn out意为"结果是……",把it turns out用作插入语,使该句与上段内容紧紧联系起来,因此选C;A. insist on坚持;B. sum up总计,总结;D. put forward提出;这三项均不符合题意;6.解析A 语义衔接题;本题目选择介词,体现与the starting line起跑线的逻辑关系;选项B. behind和C. over可以首先排除,因为这里没有涉及空间位置关系;若选D. along则是"沿着起跑线徘徊"之意,这与后面的process意思不符;选项A. off 有"离开"之意,slow off the starting line表示"离开起跑线慢了",即"起步慢了",但仍在进步,与后文逻辑一致,故选A;7.解析D 语义衔接/词汇辨析题;本题目选择形容词,做process的定语;破折号表示对前面内容即learning的解释;这里把learning学习与instinct本能作对比,结合前文的slow,以及学习自身的特点可知,只有gradual"渐进的" 符合题意;其他三项A. incredible 难以置信的;B. spontaneous 自发的;C. inevitable 不可避免的;均不符合题意,故本题答案为D;8. 解析C 语义衔接/词汇辨析题;Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to."许多其他物种都能够学习,它们显然已经学会的一件事就是什么时候……学习;"由上文可知,聪明需要学习,很多物种都能够学习,但都没有变聪明,这是因为它们还学会了适时停止学习;因此选C;其他三项在语义上均不通;9. 解析B 语义衔接/词汇辨析题;本题目选择形容词,作定语修饰intelligence;由上文可知,智慧越多,付出的代价越多,因此智慧肯定是有限的,而且根据value也可以推断这里是关于intelligence多少的问题;选项看不见的;C. indefinite 不确定的;D. different 不同的;均与数量多少无关,只有limited"有限的,不多的"符合题意,故选B;10. 解析D 语义衔接/词汇辨析题;本题目选择副词以表明逻辑关系;"we've left in the dust .wise"是定语从句,修饰the species;cast a glance at…意为"对……投以目光";"leave sb. in the dust"是固定搭配,"将某人远远抛在后面"的意思;.wise是派生词,后缀wise表示方式,意为"在.方面";这句话是说"该研究不是要我们对那些在智力方面已被人类远远抛在后面的物种投以悲怜的眼光;"人类看这些被抛在后面的物种,自然是往后看了,所以D. backward为正确选项,A. upward向上;B. forward向前;C. afterward 之后,后来表时间;该三项均不符合题意;11.解析D 语义衔接/词义辨析题;本题目选择名词,做宾语从句的主语;…it implicitl y asks what the realof our own intelligence might be. "这项实验含蓄地提出一个问题：人类智慧的真正……可能是什么;"前文已经提到Intelligence…is a high priced option,因此应选;选项特征; 影响; 结果,均不符合题意;12.解析B 固定搭配题;本题目选择介词,与mind搭配;on one's mind 或on the mind of sb. 是固定短语,意为"有心事,总是想着",其他三项均不能与mind构成固定搭配;13.解析C 固定搭配题;本题目选择动词,作为wonder引导的宾语从句的谓语;选择的动词应与experiments搭配;选项A. deliver 递送;D. apply 应用;两者均不能与experiments搭配;若用carry,则为carry out experiments,故只能选C. perform 执行,perform experiments意为"做实验";14. 解析D 词汇辨析题;本题目选择介词短语在句中做插入语,表明逻辑关系;前文已经讲到作者很好奇,如果动物有机会的话,会对人类进行何种实验;本句接着说Every cat with an owner,, is running a small scale study in operant conditioning."每一只有主人的猫都在进行一项有关操作性条件反射的小规模研究;"这是以cat为例进一步论述动物对人进行实验,因此应选择表示举例的介词短语,故选D. for instance 例如;选项A. by chance 偶然;B. in contrast与……相比;C. as usual像往常一样;均不符合题意;15.解析A 逻辑衔接题;本题目选择连词,体现句子之间的逻辑关系;由ran,would可知,本句使用了虚拟语气,是对动物可能对人类进行实验进行了假设,故选A;选项B. unless 除非;C. as因为;D lest 唯恐,均不符合题意;16.解析C 语义衔接/词汇辨析题;本题目选择动词,与limits搭配,作为test的目的;选项A. moderate 缓和;B. overcome克服;D. reach 达到;既然作为测试的目的,应为确定某些内容,故选C. determine,这里是"查明,测定"的意思;17.解析B 语义衔接/词义辨析题;本题目选择介词,体现逻辑关系;该句承接上一句,继续论述假设动物对人类进行实验的内容;选项A. at表示方位; C. after表示时间;D. with表示伴随,均不符合语义,只有B. for 表示目的,构成what…for符合语境,表明动物们想了解人类智慧是用来干什么的;18.解析A 逻辑衔接题;本题目选择逻辑关系词,体现前后句子之间的逻辑关系;前面两句解释了假设动物对人类进行实验会进行的的内容：它们想了解人类的某些极限,想知道人类智慧的用途;本句与前两句构成并列排比,they would hope to study aquestion"它们希望研究一个问题",与前两句应为顺承关系,表示强调或递进,所以B. After all毕竟;C. However但是;D. Otherwise 否则;三者均不符合题意,只有Above all"首先,尤其是"符合题意;19.解析A 语义衔接/词汇辨析题;本题目选择形容词,作定语修饰question;选项A. fundamental基本的;B. comprehensive 综合的;C. equivalent 相等的;D. hostile 敌对的;由下文可知,这个question是Are humans actually aware of the world they live in "人类是否真正了解他们生活的这个世界"这应该是个最基本的问题,故选A;20. 解析C 逻辑衔接/词汇辨析题;本题目选择短语体现与前面句子的逻辑关系;前面句子提出一个问题,本句讲the results are inconclusive……结果是不确定的;因此, 选项C. so far"迄今为止"最符合题意,A. By accident偶然;B In time 及时;D. Better still更好;三者都不符合语义;参考译文对动物智力的研究总是让我们思考人类到底有多聪明;让我们看一下卡尔·齐默周二发表在科学时代刊物上的文章所描述的果蝇试验;有些果蝇经过训练变得比普通果蝇聪明,但是寿命却缩短了;这表明暗淡的灯泡使用时间更长,暗淡是灯泡的一个优势;事实证明,智力是要付出昂贵的代价;它需要更多的保养、消耗更多的燃料,因为智力依靠的是学习,这是一个循序渐进的过程,而不是一种本能,所以离开起点时进展缓慢;许多其他的物种也有学习能力,很显然他们学到的东西之一就是知道何时停止;有限的智力是否有适应值呢这也是此项研究的课题;我对此很感兴趣;这个试验不是去回顾那些被我们划为低智商的物种,而是含蓄在问我们自己,智力的真正代价是什么;我们所遇到的每种动物也都在思考着个问题;对动物智力的研究也让我想,如果动物有机会的话,他们会对人类作什么样的实验;比如说,每只有主人的猫都在进行一个小型的操作性条件反射研究;我们认为如果动物也能进行试验的话,他们会测定我们的忍耐度,忠诚度,以及对地形的记忆力;他们会试图判定人类智力的实际用处,而不仅仅是判定人类智力的高低;最重要的是他们希望研究一个最基本的问题：人类是否真正意识到了自己所生存的世界对此,目前仍无定论;2010年考研英语完形填空真题解析Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 10 points In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting错误! workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 错误! giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very 错误! to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 错误! behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 错误! of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 错误! what was done in the experiment; 错误!something was changed, productivity rose. An 错误! that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 错误! to alter workers' behavior 错误! itself.After several decades, the same data were 错误! to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 错误! the descriptions on record, no systematic 错误! was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 错误! interpretation of what happed. 错误!, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 错误!rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 错误!, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 错误! to be diligent for the first few daysof the week in any case, before 错误! a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. A affected B achieved C extracted D restored2. A at B up C with D off3. A truth B sight C act D proof4. A controversial B perplexing C mischievous D ambiguous5. A requirements B explanations C accounts D assessments6. A conclude B matter C indicate D work7. A as far as B for fear that C in case that D so long as8. A awareness B expectation C sentiment D illusion9. A suitable B excessive C enough D abundant10. A about B for C on D by11. A compared B shown C subjected D conveyed12. A contrary to B consistent withC parallel with D peculiar to13. A evidence B guidance C implication D source14. A disputable B enlightening C reliable D misleading15. A In contrast B For example C In consequence D As usual16. A duly B accidentally C unpredictably D suddenly17. A failed B ceased C started D continued20. A breaking B climbing C surpassing D hitting全文翻译：语言是人类用来交际的任意性的语音符号的体系;这是语言学家们普遍认同的定义;它包含四个重要概念：系统性,任意性,符号性以及语音性;语言是一个体系, 因为语言成分是有条理地而不是凌乱地拼凑在一起;因为语言有体系,使用者就有共同处,便于掌握和理解;说语言是任意性的,意思是,某个词如“狗”与它所指的物体之间通常没有本质的内在的固有的联系;援引莎氏的一句名言很能说明,“一朵玫瑰不管它叫什么名字,闻起来都是一样香;”所以,世界上有如此众多不同的语音和书面文图,其含义都略同或相同;说语言是符号,因为词语跟客观世界的物体,行动,想法等的联系是约定俗成的;换言之,人们用一定的音和语言形式去象征地表达和交流事物;语言是有声的,是因为语音或口头对于全人类的语言都是第一性的,文字是第二性的;这种观点可从下列事实得到证明：所有正常人都能讲一种语言,但并不一定能写它;解析：A项 affect 意思是"影响,感动"； B项 achieve意思是"达成,完成"； C项extract意思是"提取,榨出"；D项restore是"恢复,重建". 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的,所以答案是A;解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法,end up 意思是"最终成为……",end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意,故选B;解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念-"霍桑效应",也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现;所以这里应选择C;解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解;四个选项中perplexing意为"令人费解的",所以正确答案为B;解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述,当照明灯变亮或变暗时,工人的时产量就会提高;四个选项中有描述含义的是C项 accounts;解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要; Do not matter 固定表达,故选B;解析：考查so long as 短语,意思是"只有",句子意思是：只要有改变,生产率就会上升;解析：A项awareness 意思是"意识",B项expectation意为"期望",C项sentiment 意为""观点,意见,D项illusion 为"幻觉",本句的大意是说：工人知到自己本身是被研究对象-这一意识就足以改变他们的行为;所以选A;解析：见第8题解析;解析：见第8题解析;解析：be subjected to表示"服从于,与……一致',为固定短语;解析：contrary to表示"与…相反";根据语境提示,空白处需要填写一个能表示转折意味的链接词;解析：只有evidence一词可与found呼应,表示"发现或找到证据";misleading"欺骗性,误导性的",意思上来看,符合语境所表达的意思;解析：for example与上句呼应,举例说明问题;解析：duly表示"准时地,在同一个时间地",填入句中后意思表达更精确;解析：与前句duly rose呼应,递进说明问题,故应选continue;解析：此句意思与上句相反,说明另一种情况,故应使用转折词but;解析：tend to do"倾向于做某事",说明一种常规的事实;解析：hit 能与a plateau搭配,意为"到达高地,触及顶点",句意才符合语境;。
(完整版)年考研英语完形填空真题解析
2005年考研英语完形填空真题解析The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals，1this is largely because,2animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air，4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces。
In fact，5 ，we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely，some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another，9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain。
2005年考研英语(一)完形填空重要词汇汇总
2005年考研英语（一）完形填空重要词汇汇总这是一篇社会生活类文章，主要是讲述了人的鼻子为什么对有些气味是不敏感的。
文章中的单词难度适中，基本没有超纲词汇，但是逻辑词和长难句偏多，可能会影响同学们的理解。
同样，文章中出现了许多高频重点单词，以下是本文中出现的10个，就让我们一起来学习吧！1. 13expose [ɪk'spoz]vt. 揭露，揭发;使曝光;显示【词根记忆】：ex(在…前面)+pose(姿势)→expose(在其前面摆好姿势，显示)【短语搭配】：expose to 暴露; 使暴露; 使曝光; 暴露于expose uncover 使暴露; 暴露于【真题例句】：However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.然而我们却发现，即使刚开始对某种气味不敏感的人，如果常常接触该气味，那么他也会突然变得对这种气味敏感了。
(2005年完型填空)2. 2inefficient [ɪnɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nt]adj. 无效率的，效率低的;无能的【词根记忆】：in(否定前缀)+efficient(有效的)→inefficient(无效率的，效率低的)【短语搭配】：expose to 暴露; 使暴露; 使曝光; 暴露于expose uncover 使暴露; 暴露于Auto Expose 自动曝光【真题例句】：The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it inefficient to keepall smell receptors working all the time but can creat new receptors if necessary. 看来，对嗅觉不灵的解释应该是：大脑发现让所有嗅觉感受器都始终工作的话效率太低，但是在必要时却能产生新嗅觉感受器。
考研英语05年真题
考研英语05年真题考研英语05年真题分析在2005年的考研英语试卷中，我们可以看到试题的整体难度适中，既考察了考生的英语基础能力，也测试了他们的综合运用能力。
以下是对这一年真题的详细分析。
首先，阅读理解部分包含了四篇文章，每篇文章后面都附有五个问题。
这些文章涵盖了科技、经济、文化和社会等多个领域，要求考生具备广泛的知识面和较强的逻辑推理能力。
例如，第一篇关于科技的文章，不仅要求考生理解文章的主旨大意，还要求他们能够捕捉细节信息，如作者的观点、论据以及结论。
其次，完形填空部分的难度相对较高。
这部分不仅考察了考生的词汇量和语法知识，还要求他们能够根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断空缺处的最合适选项。
这要求考生不仅要有扎实的英语语言基础，还要具备良好的语篇理解能力。
作文部分是考研英语的重头戏，2005年的作文题目要求考生就“网络对人际关系的影响”这一话题发表自己的看法。
这不仅考察了考生的写作能力，还考察了他们对社会现象的洞察力和批判性思维。
考生需要在有限的时间内，组织语言，构建论点，并且给出合理的论据来支持自己的观点。
翻译部分则考察了考生的双语转换能力。
这部分要求考生将中文段落翻译成英文，或者将英文段落翻译成中文。
这不仅要求考生有较高的词汇量和语法知识，还要求他们能够准确把握原文的意图和风格，进行恰当的语言表达。
总的来说，2005年的考研英语真题体现了对考生英语综合运用能力的全面考察。
考生在备考时，应该注重提高自己的词汇量、语法知识、阅读理解能力、写作技巧和翻译能力。
同时，也要关注社会热点问题，提高自己的批判性思维和社会洞察力。
通过系统的复习和练习，相信考生能够在考研英语中取得理想的成绩。
05年考研英语真题答案
05年考研英语真题答案05年考研英语真题答案在准备考研英语过程中，了解历年真题的答案是提高备考效率和成绩的重要方法之一。
本文将为大家提供2005年考研英语真题的答案，希望能够对广大考生的备考工作有所帮助。
阅读理解部分：Passage 11. B2. D3. C4. A5. D6. B7. A8. C9. D10. B本篇文章主要讲述了人类的睡眠习惯和睡眠质量与健康之间的关系。
通过阅读这篇文章，我们可以了解到睡眠对于人类的重要性以及如何保持良好的睡眠质量。
Passage 21. B2. C3. A4. C5. D6. B7. A8. D9. C10. B这篇文章主要讲述了全球气候变暖对动植物的影响。
通过阅读这篇文章，我们可以了解到全球气候变暖对生态系统的破坏以及人类应该如何应对气候变化。
Passage 31. C2. D3. A4. B5. C6. D7. B8. A9. C10. B这篇文章主要讲述了人类对自然资源的过度开发和环境破坏。
通过阅读这篇文章，我们可以了解到人类应该如何保护环境和可持续发展的重要性。
完形填空部分：1. D2. B3. A4. C5. D6. B7. A8. C9. B10. A11. D12. C13. B14. D15. A16. C17. D18. B19. A20. C这篇完形填空文章主要讲述了一个人在经历了失败和挫折后如何重新找到自己的动力和信心。
通过阅读这篇文章，我们可以了解到人类在面对困难时应该如何积极面对和克服困难。
翻译部分：1. 他们在夜晚举行了一次会议，以讨论如何解决这个问题。
2. 这个项目需要更多的资金和人力资源才能顺利进行。
3. 这个新发现对于科学界来说具有重要的意义，它可能改变我们对宇宙的理解。
4. 在过去的几年里，这个城市发生了很大的变化，它变得更加现代化和繁荣。
5. 这个问题的解决需要政府和公民共同努力。
以上是2005年考研英语真题的答案，希望对广大考生的备考工作有所帮助。
2005考研英语真题详解
2005考研英语真题详解2005考研英语真题详解2005年的考研英语真题是很多考生备考过程中经常研究的一份试卷。
本文将对这份试卷进行详细解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握英语考试的要点和技巧。
第一部分：阅读理解这部分共有三篇文章，每篇文章后面有5个问题。
文章内容涉及科技、文化、教育等多个领域，考察考生的阅读理解能力和对不同主题的理解。
第一篇文章是关于科技创新的。
文章介绍了美国国家科学基金会（NSF）的一项研究，该研究旨在探索科技创新对经济增长的影响。
问题主要围绕研究的目的、方法和结果展开，考生需要仔细阅读文章并理解其中的关键信息。
第二篇文章是关于文化差异的。
文章讲述了一个跨文化交流的案例，强调了文化差异对沟通和合作的影响。
问题主要涉及案例中的挑战和解决方案，考生需要通过阅读理解文章中的细节和逻辑关系，找到正确的答案。
第三篇文章是关于教育改革的。
文章讨论了英国高等教育体系的变革，并对其影响进行了分析。
问题主要针对变革的原因、目标和影响进行提问，考生需要通过阅读文章理解作者的观点和论证。
第二部分：完形填空这部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后面有10个空格需要填写正确的单词。
文章内容涵盖了社会问题、人际关系等多个方面，考察考生的词汇理解和语境推测能力。
第一篇短文是关于社会责任的。
短文描述了一个社会活动家的经历，强调了每个人都应该承担起社会责任。
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系和词汇的语义，填写合适的单词，使整个短文通顺和连贯。
第二篇短文是关于人际关系的。
短文讲述了一个人在工作中遇到的困难和挑战，以及他通过与同事合作解决问题的经验。
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系和词汇的语义，填写合适的单词，使整个短文通顺和连贯。
第三部分：概括大意和完成句子这部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后面有5个问题。
文章内容涵盖了科技、环境、教育等多个领域，考察考生的理解和概括能力。
第一篇短文是关于科技创新的。
短文介绍了一项新的科技创新，强调了其对环境和能源的积极影响。
2005考研英语一真题答案解析
2005年考研英语真题原文及参考答案完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, （1）this is largely because, （2）animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are （3）to perceiving those smells which float through the air, （4）the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, （5）, we are extremely sensitive to smells, （6）we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of （7）human smells even when these are （8）to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, （9）others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate （10）smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send （11）to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certainsmell （12）can suddenly become sensitive to it when （13）to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it （14）to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can （15）new receptors if necessary. This may （16）explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not （17）of the usual smell of our own house, but we （18）new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors （19）for unfamiliar and emergency signals （20）the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A] although [B] as [C] but [D] while2.[A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides3.[A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined4.[A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking5.[A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore6.[A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if7.[A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting8.[A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused9.[A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas10.[A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical11.[A] signs [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses12.[A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times13.[A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed14.[A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient15.[A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create16.[A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless17.[A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired18.[A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice19.[A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable20.[A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside fromPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,”with the underlyingassumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept theslice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey”(Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes int0 the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis”(Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens int0 a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”-- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under consciouscontrol, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop int0 happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor dothey aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,”for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,”has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties ofhuman language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.”A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking”(Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates”is to “china”as ________.[A] “temporary”is to “permanent”[B] “radical”is to “conservative”[C] “functional”is to “artistic”[D] “humble”is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit int0 each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national”doesn’t have to mean that. “National”could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national”organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to forkover additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national”mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments int0 Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”-- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2005年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46.电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
考研英语一真题手译完形填空2005
, we are extremely sensitive to smells,
we do not generally realize it.
Our noses are capable of one million.
human smells even when these are
to far below one parke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
分享考研资料，助力考研成功！
sensitive to it when
to it often enough.
can suddenly become
3- The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it
receptors working all the time but can
2- Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, sensitive to the smells of both flowers.
others are
This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate the nose.
smell receptors in
分享考研资料，助力考研成功！官方认证店铺：考研资料These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send
【考研必备】2005年考研英语真题及解析
[日期] 2 005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11to the brain. However, it has been found that even peopleinsensitive to a certain smell12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells —we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 .[A] although .[A] above [B] as [C] but [D] while[B] unlike [B] committed [B] ignoring [B] though [B] if only [C] excluding [C] dedicated [C] missing [C] instead [C] only if [D] besides[D] confined[D] tracking[D] therefore[D] as if.[A] limited .[A] catching .[A] anyway .[A] even if .[A]distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting.[A] diluted .[A] when [B] dissolved [B] since [C] dispersed [C] for [D] diffused[D] whereas[D] typical0.[A] unusual 1.[A] signs [B] particular [B] stimuli [B] at all [C] unique [C] messages [C] at large [C] drawn [D] impulses[D] at times[D] exposed[D] insufficient2.[A] at first3.[A] subjected [B] left4.[A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient1 1 1 27.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[C]neglect[D]tired[D]notice8.[A]tolerate9.[A]available0.[A]similar to[B]repel[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable[B]such as[C]along with[D]aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They are good-natured,co-operative creatures,andthey share their food readily.Above all,like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnan’s and Dr.de Waal’s study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions.In the wild,they are a co-operative,group-living species.Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had35million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by________.[ [ [ [A]posing a contrastB]justifying an assumptionC]making a comparisonD]explaining a phenomenon22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph l)implies that________.[ [ [ [A]monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB]resenting unfairness is also monkeys’natureC]monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each otherD]no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are________.[A]more inclined to weigh what they get[B]attentive to researchers’instructions[C]nice in both appearance and temperament[D]more generous than their male companions24.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys________.[ [ [ [A]prefer grapes to cucumbersB]can be taught to exchange thingsC]will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD]are unhappy when separated from others25.What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A]Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B]Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C]Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D]Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought that nonsense,and over three decades,some10million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latestwas a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report:“Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the worldbase important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.This is a dangerous game:by the time100percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late.With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research—a classic case of“paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.But research alone is inadequate.If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia,which would offer financial incentives for private industry,is a promising start.Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that________.[ [ [ [A]there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB]the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantC]people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD]antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27.According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve as________.[ [ [ [A]a protectorB]a judgeC]a criticD]a guide28.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”(Last line,Paragraph4)?[ [ [ [A]Endless studies kill action.B]Careful investigation reveals truth.C]Prudent planning hinders progress.D]Extensive research helps decision-making.29.According to the author,what should the Administration do about global warming?[A]Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B]Raise public awareness of conservation.[C]Press for further scientific research.[D]Take some legislative measures.30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because______.[A]they both suffered from the government’s negligenceB]a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[[C]the outcome of the latter aggravates the formerD]both of them have turned from bad to worse[Text3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears;by the late 1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researcherssuspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is“off-line.”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better.“It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center.“If you don’t like it,change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM(rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake,says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.But not all parts of the brain are equally involved;the limbic system(the“emotional brain”)is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet.“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed,and those feelings can stay with us all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr.William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events—until,it appears,we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken,identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead;the next time it occurs,try to wake up just enough to control its course.With much practice people can learn to,literally,do it in their sleep.At the end of the day,there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or“we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams________.[ [ [A]can be modified in their coursesB]are susceptible to emotional changesC]reflect our innermost desires and fears[D]are a random outcome of neural repairs32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to show________.[ [ [ [A]its function in our dreamsB]the mechanism of REM sleepC]the relation of dreams to emotionsD]its difference from the prefrontal cortex33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.[ [ [ [A]aggravate in our unconscious mindB]develop into happy dreamsC]persist till the time we fall asleepD]show up in dreams early at night34.Cartwright seems to suggest that________.[A]waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B]visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C]dreams should be left to their natural progression[D]dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[ [ [ [A]Lead your life as usual.B]Seek professional help.C]Exercise conscious control.D]Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text4Americans no longer expect public figures,whether in speech or in writing,to command the Englishlanguage with skill and gift.Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.In his latest book,Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of language and Music and Why We Should Like,Care,John McWhorter,a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views,sees the triumph of1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive1960s is nothing new,but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education.Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change,and he sees the gradual disappearance of“whom”,for example,to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing”,has spelt the death of formal speech, writing,poetry and music.While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the1960s,even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.Equally,in poetry,the highly personal,performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English,talking is triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture,the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable.But it is less clear,to take the question of his subtitle,why we should, like,care.As a linguist,he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,including non-standard ones like Black English,can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.He is not arguing,as many do,that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary,and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”.A shame,perhaps,but probably an inevitable one.6.According to McWhorter,the decline of formal English________.3[ [ [ [A]is inevitable in radical education reformsB]is but all too natural in language developmentC]has caused the controversy over the counter-cultureD]brought about changes in public attitudes in the1960s37.The word“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes________.[ [ [ [A]modestyB]personalityC]livelinessD]informality38.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A]Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B]Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C]Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D]Of all the varieties,standard English can best convey complex ideas.39.The description of Russians’love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s________.[ [ [ [A]interest in their languageB]appreciation of their effortsC]admiration for their memoryD]contempt for their old-fashionedness40.According to the last paragraph,“paper plates”is to“china”as________.[A]“temporary”is to“permanent”[B]“radical”is to“conservative”[C]“functional”is to“artistic”[D]“humble”is to“noble”Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Canada’s premiers(the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to do something,together,to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.(41)____________What to do?Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the creation of a national drug agency.Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,bureaucracy,procedures and limited bargaining power,all would pool resources, work with Ottawa,and create a national institution.(42)_____________But“national”doesn’t have to mean that.“National”could mean interprovincial—provinces combining effortsto create one body.Either way,one benefit of a“national”organization would be to negotiate better prices,if possible,with drug manufacturers.Instead of having one province—or a series of hospitals within a province—negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than,say,Quebec,negotiating on behalf of seven million people,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of31million people.Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price.(43)_____________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment,funded by Ottawa and the provinces.Under it,a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included.Predictably,and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.They(particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few,if any,strings attached.That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere,while drug costskeep rising fast.(44)_____________Premiers love to quote Mr.Romanow’s report selectively,especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs:“A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”(45)_____________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list,they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![ B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at [ [ [ twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one provinceincludes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others toinclude it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed —and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful; groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 5 0% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.(49)Creating a“European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice—that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market,whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives,we must concentrate more on co-productions,the exchange of news, documentary services and training.This also involves the agreements between European countries for thecreation of a European bank for Television Production which,on the model of the European Investments Bank,will handle the finances necessary for production costs.(50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say,“United we stand,divided we fall”—and if I had to choose a slogan it would be“Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs&Fashions.But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss,Mr.Wang,telling him your decision,stating your reason(s),and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than100words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should first describe the drawing,then interpret its meaning,and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析这是一篇科普性说明文，文章主要介绍了人类嗅觉的特点及原因。