考研英语一2000年的翻译
考研翻译题复习笔记-2000年英语一翻译题翻译题首先要解决单词量的问题，因此我们在学真题句子时就要注意这些常用单词在不同语境中的含义。
记忆的最简单方式就是重复，通过大量的真题实例长难句，去熟悉这些考严词汇在不同语境下的变化。
本篇的最好复习方法是先做真题句子，看看自己能否译出来、能不能译得通顺，其实不管译得好不好，自己都先写出来，然后再来比对文章的分析。
从2000年的英语一开始每年5句真题，名称分别为00-1，00-2...。
00-1Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.译：在现代条件下，这需要各种集中控制的手段（措施）因此需要专业科学家们的帮助。
如经济学和运筹学研究专家们。
你要知道的：1，本句要看懂this requires...，的意思和其主谓结构。
2，了解and hence,说明前后句是个并列结构。
3，help of...如果直译会变得不通顺，因此后面可补上谓语requires。
4，要了解并列结构的谓语require是如何运用的。
5，Such as....后面是对谁的补充要清楚。
6，本句中的and在翻译时可省略。
7，centralized是centralize的过去分词，是动词，要能看出其名词central。
8，measures译成“措施”会更合适。
9，注意Scientists、economists及experts都加了S，翻译时可加个“们”。
10，记住economists 和operational 是经济学和运筹学。
00-2Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.译：此外，很明显的是一个国家的经济实力直接取决于工农业的（生产）效率，并且效率的提高反过来依赖于各类科学家和技术人员的努力。
你要知道的：1，strength可译为实力。
2，Bound up要译得好需理解这个词组的感觉：绑在一起后互相都有决定性影响。
3，bound有跳跃的意思，是bind的过去分词和过去式。
而Bind有捆绑绑定之意。
4，要知道and that this指的是agriculture and industry。
5，记住该句式：in turn rests upon... 反过来倚赖于。
6，了解下rest本意为休息，那就要找个地方倚靠下，才能使人放松。
7，要注意the efforts of...后面要看成一个整体。
8，All kinds各种各样的，各类的。
00-3Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications,people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.译：由于大众传媒的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新习俗和新的思想观念。
而各国政府也由于上述的原因常被迫推行更进一步的革新措施。
你要知道的：1，要知道owing是owe的现在分词，有“归因于，起源于”之意。
2，要意识到remarkable是用来修饰development3，mass-communications大量的通信就是大众传播，让名词专业一点。
4，动词可做名词用，如Wants本句为：需求。
（要灵活切换哟）5，本句难点being exposed to...不能译为:暴露于。
顺着想：暴露在外，就是接触外界。
同时要考虑到are being...，所以加上“不断接触”才更贴切。
6，while后面跟从句，该句是并列结构一般是起对比或转折的作用。
而后面的“further”说明后面是一个对比内容。
7，通常翻译题不要把“被”译出来，但are often forced to可译为：常被迫...。
8，Introduce不要译为：介绍。
站在领导层面上思考，应译为：推行。
9，要看出the reasons given above是定语后置，同时given是过去分词+above就是：以上所给出的。
10，了解下Innovation（注入in新nov东西）创造，改革新方法。
要清楚Invent Invention 发明；Create creation创造。
00-4In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -was spread over nearly a century,whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.译：在早先实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种影响深远的社会结构变革，持续了近一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。
你要知道的：1，Process当中的pro是向前,cess是走的意思，所以向前走就有进程，过程，加工的意思。
access的ac有强调的意思，强调走过去，就是进入，接近，入口的意思。
excessive,因为ex有向外，就有过分，过度意思。
如果一直走下去就能成功就是success,所以要成功就要连续来断的走，就是successive 2，Industrialized源于industry，是工业的意思，是industrialize的过去式，过去分词，还要清楚他的名词形式industrialization就是“工业化”的意思。
3，pattern,当中的pat来源于拉丁语中pater即爸爸的意思。
因为父亲的DNA传给孩子，就好像有个模式一样。
那么patron可以理解为爸爸给你钱花哟，所以顾客不是上帝是爸爸。
要是爸爸留给你的财富就是遗产patrimony。
在旧社会的国家中是由贵族patrician说得算。
我们常说有国才有家，因此国家要犹如父亲般爱戴，因此有了爱国者patriot。
如果有共同的爱国者那么就是compatriot同胞。
4，注意破折号-with... followed-是前面the process of industrialization的补充说明。
5，理解with...that followed的句式结构，with相当于and 译为：以及。
拓展下：along with,coupled with,together with,combined with都可译为：以及。
Followed指跟随着with前面所说的事情而来。
6，far-reaching要注意这个固定搭配，不要受他影响，如果一时不清楚其意思，可以联系前后意思一起理解。
（这应该是考官设置的一个陷阱吧）7，was spread是“被散布”的意思，但不要直接这样翻译。
8，注意whereas的作用，连接前后成为一个并列句，前一句是主谓结构，重点要看懂单词spread后一句为主谓宾，重点看懂undergo。
9，有趣的是前后句都有表述时间的：over nearly a century及in a decade or so很工整啊。
10，or so都是后置，而some是前置。
二者都是“大约”之意。
11，undergo，experience和go through都指:经历00-5Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易）造成的种种问题也会对社会造新的压力。
分析：1，Additional即可译成“额外”也可以是“新的”，本句用“新的”更合适。
2，occur=take place=happen发生。
3，Explosion不要译成：爆炸。
而是：猛增。
4，Problems是名词，它的后面就是定语，就可译成：什么什么的问题。
5，要看懂arising from mass migration movements是谁的定语。
译成：源于什么什么的问题。
6，Arise from=result from=stem from=evolve from=originate from=derive from=come from源于，来自。
7，迁徙Migration是名词，migrate是动词。
8，themselves是指mass migration movements。
9，要知道made...是后置定语用来修饰themselves。
2000年英语一翻译特点：1，在00-3、00-4、00-5中都有破折号。
作用一：固定搭配，作用二：补充说明。
2，连接词有：and,whereas,while,with都是并列结构的句子。
3，这5个句子都是讲社会方面的。
4，句子中有不适合我们阅读习惯的地方，要能灵活调整定语或状语位置，会比较通顺点。
研究生英语一2000-2004真题翻译和作文详解
考研翻译的命题原则:1、所选择的体裁偏向于专业领域的学术文献2、所选择的话题偏向文科、社会科学领域3、划线的长度为30个单词左右，总长度为150个单词考研翻译的评分标准=翻译标准=检查译文标准准确：大意相同通顺：说人话（准确是通顺的前提）完整：要成句翻译的方法：直接为主（直接翻译），适当意译（把意思说出来）（一句话4分钟）考研翻译的步骤：1、通读全句，查找连接（when，and）2、分析成分，划分意群（前两步骤1分钟）3、选择词义，适当草稿(看1分钟就动笔写)读：多读汉语4、调整通顺，书写译文（次序调整，词义选择）碰到生词：造句，填空，根据前后句遇到多义词：同义替换Part ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation(2000)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number ofinternational projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］Part ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation一、核心词汇注释act on*1.按……行动，奉行例：act on principles 根据原则办事 2.对……起作用，影响例：The music acted stirringly on the emotions of the audience. 音乐使观众情绪激动。
2000年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析
2000年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 72) Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors insgroupsto step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including thesetting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere insgroupsto reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent of scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems forthe governments concerned. 75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting themsintoseffect.翻译题解：71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control/and hence the help of specialized scientists/such as economists and operational research experts.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是一个带双宾语的简单句：this requires varying measures of...and hence the help of...2)两个宾语各带有of短语作定语。
考研英语一2000年的翻译
考研翻译题复习笔记-2000年英语一翻译题翻译题首先要解决单词量的问题，因此我们在学真题句子时就要注意这些常用单词在不同语境中的含义。
记忆的最简单方式就是重复，通过大量的真题实例长难句，去熟悉这些考严词汇在不同语境下的变化。
本篇的最好复习方法是先做真题句子，看看自己能否译出来、能不能译得通顺，其实不管译得好不好，自己都先写出来，然后再来比对文章的分析。
从2000年的英语一开始每年5句真题，名称分别为00-1，00-2...。
00-1Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.译：在现代条件下，这需要各种集中控制的手段（措施）因此需要专业科学家们的帮助。
如经济学和运筹学研究专家们。
你要知道的：1，本句要看懂this requires...，的意思和其主谓结构。
2，了解and hence,说明前后句是个并列结构。
3，help of...如果直译会变得不通顺，因此后面可补上谓语requires。
4，要了解并列结构的谓语require是如何运用的。
5，Such as....后面是对谁的补充要清楚。
6，本句中的and在翻译时可省略。
7，centralized是centralize的过去分词，是动词，要能看出其名词central。
8，measures译成“措施”会更合适。
9，注意Scientists、economists及experts都加了S，翻译时可加个“们”。
10，记住economists 和operational 是经济学和运筹学。
00-2Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.译：此外，很明显的是一个国家的经济实力直接取决于工农业的（生产）效率，并且效率的提高反过来依赖于各类科学家和技术人员的努力。
考研英语翻译真题及译文归纳(2000-2010)
考研英语翻译真题及译文201046. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. 参考翻译：科学家急忙介入,但提出的证据显然站不住脚，其大意是，如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量，昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。
47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.参考翻译：但是我们至少近乎承认，无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值，它们自有生存下去的权利。
48. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.参考翻译：有证据表明：这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们仅仅捕食“没有价值”的物种。
曾经有段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了这一证据。
49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.参考翻译：在林业生态更为发达的欧洲，没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成员，并得到相应的保护。
2000年考研英语第一篇
时代的变迁与人生的选择In the year 2000, the first article of the postgraduate entrance examination in English captured the essence of a rapidly changing world and the choices it presented to individuals. As the world transitioned from the industrial age to the information age, the article highlighted the significance of adaptability, perseverance, and the questfor knowledge in navigating these changing times.The article began by describing the rapid pace of technological advancement and the impact it was having on society. The rise of the internet and digital technologywas changing the way people lived, worked, and communicated. This rapid pace of change was both exciting and daunting, presenting both opportunities and challenges for individuals.The author emphasized the importance of staying up-to-date with technology and continuously upgrading one'sskills and knowledge. In this era of rapid change, those who were willing to adapt and learn would thrive, while those who resisted change would be left behind. This was acall to action for individuals to embrace change, learn new skills, and prepare themselves for the future.The article also discussed the importance of perseverance in the face of change. Change often brings about difficulties and challenges, and it is only through perseverance and hard work that one can overcome these obstacles and achieve success. The author encouraged readers to persevere in the face of adversity, to never give up, and to believe in their own abilities.In conclusion, the article emphasized the need for individuals to stay true to their values and principles even as the world changed around them. In this era of rapid change, it was important to maintain a sense of purpose and direction, to stay focused on one's goals and aspirations, and to remain committed to personal growth and development. **中文内容：****时代的变迁与人生的选择**2000年考研英语第一篇文章精准地捕捉到了一个迅速变化的世界以及它给个人带来的选择。
考研阅读逐句译2000年第1篇
考研阅读逐句译2000年第1篇第1句A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. 单词：effort努力；dreadful可怕的；handicap障碍；proper适当的。
结构：A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, （第一个并列句）//but, if properly handled,（条件状语）//it may become a driving force（第二个并列句）译文：长时间不费吹灰之力就可以获得成功，这样的经验可能会成为一种可怕的障碍，但是，如果处理得当，就会成为一个积极的推动力。
第2句When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. 单词：glow 发光；competitor 竞争者，compete 竞争；parallel 平行的，相似；unparalleled 无比的，无双的，无匹的；scale 规模。
结构：When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,（时间状语从句）// it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,（主句）//giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.（ing分词短语在句子末尾一般表示结果）译文：二战结束之后，美国恰好进入了这样的一个辉煌时期时，它拥有的市场比任何竞争者大八倍，这使其工业的经济规模举世无双。
2000——2001英语全国考研翻译真题及解析.doc
2000第一段Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, the may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.第二段73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place ata vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example,74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization -- with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.2000一、核心词汇注释act on*1.按……行动，奉行例：act on principles 根据原则办事2.对……起作用，影响例：The music acted stirringly on the emotions of the audience. 音乐使观众情绪激动。
2000年全国考研英语一真题全文翻译
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语全文翻译P a r tⅡU s e o fE n g l i s h一个农民要想成功,就必须在其消费和生产之间努力保持着较大的差距㊂他必须存储大量的粮食而不是立即把所有的粮食都消费掉㊂农民若想养活自己及家人,就必须有余粮㊂他必须用以下三种方式来使用这些余粮:留作种子,留作应对恶劣天气影响的保障,以及作为商品卖掉,来替换旧农具和购买化肥给土壤施肥㊂他可能还需要钱来修建灌溉水渠,或在其他方面改善自己的农田㊂如果没有余粮,农民就不能自给自足,他就只得变卖部分家产或通过贷款寻求额外的资金㊂自然,他会尽量争取低息贷款,但这种贷款不是经常能够得到的㊂P a r t I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nP a s s a g e1长期的㊁不费力气的成功史可能成为一种可怕的障碍,但是如果处理得当,它也可能成为一种动力㊂二战结束后,美国恰好进入这样的一段辉煌时期,当时它拥有比任何竞争对手大八倍的市场,这使其工业经济规模前所未有㊂它的科学家是世界上最优秀的,它的工人是最富于技巧的㊂美国和美国人的繁荣是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧亚两大洲人民做梦都想像不出的㊂当其他国家逐渐富有起来时,这种差距的缩小是必然的㊂同样不可避免的是逐渐失去主导地位的痛苦㊂在80年代中期,美国人为他们工业竞争力的减退感到困惑㊂有些大型的美国工业,如消费电子工业,在外国的竞争面前萎缩或者崩溃㊂到l987年,只剩下一家美国电视机制造企业 Z e n i t h(现在已经完全没有了:Z e n i t h已经被韩国的L G电子兼并)㊂外国汽车和纺织品正在大举进入美国国内市场㊂美国的机械工业岌岌可危㊂在一段时期,好像半导体制造业,这个美国发明的并且对新的计算机时代极为关键的工业,也将成为下一个牺牲品㊂所有这些引发了一种信心危机㊂美国人已经不再将繁荣视为自然而然的事㊂他们开始怀疑他们的经营方法出了问题,怀疑他们的收人很快就会下降㊂80年代中期人们对美国工业衰退的原因进行一次又一次的调查㊂这些调查的发现,有些是耸人听闻的,都充满了对来自海外竞争加剧的警示㊂现在情况已经完全改变!1995年美国可以回顾在过去五年中稳步的增长,而日本还在奋力挣扎㊂很少有美国人把它的原因归结为类似美元贬值或商业周期轮回这些显而易见的原因㊂对自身的怀疑已经被盲目乐观取代㊂ 美国的产业结构已经改变,消除了滞涨,学会了快速反应, 哈佛大学肯尼迪行政学院执行院长R i c h a r dG a v a n a g h指出㊂ 看到美国经济如此地提高生产力,我为自己是美国人而感到自豪, 华盛顿特区的智囊团卡托研究院的S t e P h e n M o o r e说㊂哈佛经管学院的W i l l i a mS a h l m a n相信,人们将来会把这个时期视为 美国企业管理的黄金时期 ㊂P a s s a g e2身为一个男人从来都充满危险㊂男女出生的比例大约是105:100,但到了成年期,这个比例便降至基本持平,而到70岁时,女性的人数就已达到男性的两倍了㊂不过男性死亡率高的普遍规律正在改变㊂现在男婴的成活率与女婴基本一样㊂那意味着有史以来第一次男孩在他们择偶的关键年龄期有所过剩㊂更重要的是,又一个自然选择的机会消失了㊂50年前,婴儿(特别是男婴)成活的关键在于他的体重㊂多一公斤或少一公斤都会造成死亡㊂今天,体重几乎不起什么作用㊂因为大部分差异是由基因造成的,所以又一个进化的因素消失了㊂进化自杀还有另外一种办法:活着,但少生孩子㊂现在很少有人像过去那样大批生育㊂除了在少数宗教团体中,几乎没有女性生15个孩子㊂现在出生的数量,就像死亡的年龄一样,变得平均化㊂我们大多数都有同样数量的后代㊂而且,人与人之间的差异和利用这种差异进行自然选择的机会都已经减少㊂印度证实了这种状况㊂这个国家为大城市的少数人提供了财富,为其余大多数部落居民造成了贫穷㊂今天这种极其显著的平均化 每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同 意味着与部落相比,自然选择在印度中㊁上阶层已经失去了80%的作用㊂对于我们来说,这意味着进化已经结束;生物学上的乌托邦已经来临㊂奇怪的是,它并未造成多少外形的改变㊂没有其他物种在自然界占据如此多的地方㊂但是在过去10万年中 甚至过去100年中 我们的生活发生了变化,但我们的身体却没有改变㊂我们没有进化,因为机器和社会在代替我们进化㊂达尔文曾经用下面的语句来描述那些对生物进化过程一无所知的人:他们 注视着有机体,就像原始人注视着轮船,注视着那完全超出自己理解能力的事物㊂ 无疑,我们将记住20世纪的一种生活方式,尽管对其丑陋之处无法理解㊂但是不管我们的后代对我们离乌托邦之远感到多么吃惊,他们看上去将和我们一样㊂P a s s a g e3当一场新的艺术运动在某种程度上流行,人们最好去弄清其倡导者的目的是什么,因为不管它们的原则现在看来多么牵强附会㊁不可思议,很可能在将来它们会被视为正常㊂然而就未来派诗歌来说,情况则不这么简单,因为不管未来派诗歌是什么 即使承认它赖以存在的理论基础是正确的 这种形式也很难被界定为文学㊂简而言之,未来派诗人宣称:一个世纪以来,过去的生活状况一直在有条件地急剧变化,到现在我们已经生活在一个充满了噪声㊁暴力和快节奏的世界㊂因此,我们的感觉㊁思想和情感都发生了相应的变化㊂未来主义者说这种加速的生活节奏,需要一种新的表达方式㊂我们要理解现代社会的压力,就必须加快文学发展的步伐㊂我们在下笔时必须让一长串表达意义的最基本词汇倾泄而出,不受句读停顿㊁限制修饰性形容词或限定性动词的牵制㊂我们不再描写声音,我们制造词汇来模仿它们;我们使用的字体必须在同一页纸上大小不同,颜色不同,词汇可以随意地加长或缩短㊂毫无疑问,他们对战斗的描述会令人费解㊂但是读到一句描写战斗的诗行的注解时,则更令人心烦㊂注解中说该诗描写了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在一座桥上发生了搏斗,结果双双从桥上掉进河中 后来发现这一行诗文是由军官落水的声音和他们的体重组成的: 扑通!扑通!一百八十五公斤㊂虽然这符合未来派诗歌的规律和要求,但是它很难被界定为文学㊂与此同时,没有一个有思想的人能拒绝接受他们的基本主张:我们的感情生活的巨大变化要求表达方式的变化㊂但实际问题是:从根本上说,我们改变了吗?P a s s a g e4战后日本的生产率和社会的和谐为美国和欧洲所称羡,因此毫无目标很难说是战后日本的特色㊂但是日本人正在经历传统工作道德价值观的日益衰退㊂10年前,年轻人工作很勤奋,将工作视为他们生存的主要理由,但是现在日本已经大致满足了它的经济需求,年轻人不知道他们下一步目标在哪里㊂战后生育高峰时出生的人口成人,以及女性进入以男性为主的劳动力市场,二者都限制了青少年的发展机遇,他们已经对攀登等级森严的社会阶梯以及获得较好的教育和工作所付出的巨大个人代价提出质疑㊂在最近的一次调查中,人们发现只有24.5%的日本学生对学校生活感到满意,而在美国达到67.2%㊂而且,日本工人对他们的工作感到不满的人数要比其他10个被调查的国家多得多㊂虽然日本的教育常常因重视基础知识而受到外国人士赞扬,但它对应试和机械的学习的重视程度超过了创造性和个性表现㊂ 那些在考试分数中不能表现的东西 个性㊁能力㊁勇气和人道主义精神 被完全忽视了, 去年日本出现了2,125起校园暴力事件,包括929起殴打老师的事件㊂在抗议声中,许多保守的领导人呼吁回到战前对道德教育非常重视的状态㊂去年,当时的教育部长M i t s u oS e t o y a m a不无愤慨地说道,二战后美国占领当局所引进的自由化改革弱化了 日本人尊敬父母的传统道德 ㊂但那可能与日本人生活方式更有关系㊂教育学家Y o k oM u r o说道: 在日本,问题从来都不在于你是否喜欢你的生活和你的工作,而只在于你能够忍受多少㊂ 经济的增长带来了居住集中化,日本1.19亿人口的76%都住在城市,传统社区和多代同堂家庭消失了,取而代之的是与外界很少往来的,仅由两代人构成的家庭㊂日本的城市人口长期以来忍受着漫长的上下班路途和拥挤的居住条件,但是,随着传统的群体和家庭价值观的弱化,不满逐渐显露出来㊂在过去的10年中,日本的离婚率虽然仍然在美国之下,但已经上升了50%多,自杀率上升了近四分之一㊂P a s s a g e5如果雄心能被正确看待的话,那么它的回报 财富㊁荣誉㊁对自己命运的控制 则应该被认为是值得为之做出的牺牲㊂如果雄心的传统仍具有生命力,那么它就应该受到广泛的推崇;尤其会受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睐,在这些人中也包括那些受过良好教育的㊂奇怪的是,正是这些受过教育的人们宣称他们已经放弃将雄心壮志作为人生理想的追求㊂更奇怪的,他们也许是雄心壮志的最大受益者 如果这些雄心壮志不是他们自己的,至少也是他们父母或祖父母的㊂这里面有很强烈的虚伪性,就好比等马全跑光了,才关上马厩的门 而受过良好教育的人自己正骑在那些马背上㊂当然,人们现在对成功及其标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前㊂夏日别墅㊁欧洲旅行㊁宝马车 地点㊁地名以及品牌或许会有变化,但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度似乎比十年前或两年前有所减少㊂实际情况是人们不能像从前那样轻易㊁公开地坦陈他们有这样的梦想,以免被人认为爱出风头㊁贪得无厌或俗不可耐㊂而我们所看到的是许多极为虚伪的景象,这种景象比以往更多:批评美国实利主义的人却拥有南安普敦的消夏别墅;出版激进思想书籍的人却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐;倡导在生活各方面实行公民参与决策的民主制的记者却将他们的孩子送进了私立学校㊂对于这些人,对于许多也许不如此特别的人,最恰当的解释是 不惜代价去追求成功,但避免表现得野心勃勃㊂对雄心的抨击层出不穷,且来自各个角度;公开为之辩解的则少之又少,虽不能说这些辩解毫无吸引力可言,但却未能给人们留下深刻印象㊂因此,对雄心壮志的支持,支持它作为一种健康的志向,一种受人尊敬并扎根于年轻人心中的品德的人们,也许下降到美国历史上的最低点㊂这并不是说雄心壮志穷途末路了,人们不再感到它的涌动和激励了;而是它不再公开被嘉奖,很少公开被承认㊂这种情形的结果当然是,在有些情况中雄心壮志被迫转入地下,或暗藏于胸㊂这就是目前的状况:在左边是恼羞成怒的批评者,在右边是不得力的支持者,而在中间像往常一样,是广大的想在生活中进取的认真的人们㊂P a r t I V E n g l i s h-C h i n e s eT r a n s l a t i o n世界各国政府的行为都基于一个假设,即,本国人民的福利主要依赖于该国经济实力和社会财富㊂(71)在现代条件下,这需要不同程度的中央控制,从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助㊂(72)再者,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力㊂这也就意味着政府被迫越来越多地干预这些产业部门,以便提高生产率,确保产品的消费发挥最佳效益㊂例如,政府可能利用各种方法鼓励研究,包括建立自己的研究中心;政府可以改变教育结构,或进行干预,以便减少自然资源的浪费,开发尚未利用的资源;或者在日益增多的跨国科学㊁经济和工业项目中直接进行合作㊂无论如何,一切干预都离不开科学家的建议和各种科技人才㊂(73)大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求,不断接触到新的习俗和思想㊂由于上述原因,政府常常得推出更多的革新㊂与此同时,与过去相比,世界各地社会变化的正常速度越来越快㊂例如,(74)在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中,其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革,持续了大约一个世纪之久,而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程㊂所有这些在社会内部造成了巨大的压力和紧张气氛,从而给有关政府带来了严重问题㊂(75)由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力㊂目前,以上所有这些因素产生的后果就是,各国政府为了制定合理的计划并将之付诸实施,越来越多地依靠生物学家和社会学家㊂。
北外 研究生入学考试 英语专业英语翻译2000[试卷+答案]
北京外国语大学2000年研究生入学考试试卷英语翻译专业I.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.Explain what translation technique you use in translating the italicized parts and give your reasons in one or two sentences.（30%）1.She lived and died a virgin.2.There is a wonderful universe out there that you couldn’t even begin to dream about.3.Some of them suggested there might be a diplomatic price to pay4.The wait got the best of me,and I left my husband holding our place while I looked for a seat.5.The budget battle was a nail-biter for President Clinton and the two Democrats shepherding the bill through Congress.6.You are telling me.7.A big elephant is no more animal than a little cat is8.Jane’s kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her sister’s callous behavior.9.The line outside the stock exchange was filled with excited talkers and check writers.10.Today well lived makes every yesterday a memory of happiness and very tomorrow a vision of hope.Ⅱ.Translate the following two passages into Chinese:（30%）1.The opening of doors is a mystic act:it has in it some flavor of the unknown,some sense of moving into a new moment,a new pattern of the human rigmarole*.It includes the highest glimpses of mortal gladness:reunions,reconciliation’s,the bliss of lovers long parted.Even in sadness,the opening of a door may bring relief:it changes and redistributes human forces.But the closing of door is far more terrible.It is a confession of finality.Every door closed brings something to an end.And there are degrees of sadness in the closing of doors.A door slammed is a confession of weakness.A door gently shut is often the most tragic gesture in life.Every one knows the seizure of anguish that comes after the closing of a door,when the loved one is still near,within sound of voice,and yet already far away.*Rigmarole:an elaborate or complicated procedure2.If language were simply a nomenclature for a set of universal concepts,it would be easy to translate from one language to another.One would simply replace the French name for a concept with the English name.If language were like this the task of learning a new language would also be much easier than it is.But anyone who has attempted either of these tasks has acquired,alas,a vast amount of direct proof that languages are not nomenclatures,that the concepts…of one language differ radically from those of another…Each language articulates or organizes the world nguages do not simply name existing categories,they articulate their own.Ⅲ.Translate the following sentences into English:（20%）1．这孩子不太听话。
2000考研英语翻译真题
2000Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.(71)Under modern conditions，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.（72）Furthermore，it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.For example，they may encourage research in various ways，including the setting up of their own research centers;they may alter the structure of education，or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited;or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science，economics any industry，In any case，all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds. (73)Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.At the same time，the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past.For example，(74)in the early in industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.(75)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.As a result of all these factors，governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.。