测绘专业英语
测绘专业英语作文
测绘专业英语作文（中英文实用版）{z}Title: Surveying and Mapping Profession - An Overview in English Surveying and Mapping is a specialized field that plays a crucial role in various industries such as construction, engineering, urban planning, and geospatial technology.It involves the process of collecting data and making detailed measurements of the Earth"s surface to create accurate representations of the physical features.This essay aims to provide an overview of the surveying and mapping profession, highlighting its importance and key aspects of the field.Firstly, the surveying and mapping profession is vital in the construction industry.It provides the necessary data and information required for planning, designing, and executing construction projects.surveyors and mappers determine the boundaries of properties, identify suitable locations for structures, and create detailed plans that serve as the foundation for construction activities.Secondly, the engineering field heavily relies on surveying and mapping.Engineers use surveying data to design and construct infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, canals, and dams.accurate measurements and mapping ensure the safety, functionality, and efficiency of these projects, making surveying and mapping an integral part of the engineering process.Furthermore, the urban planning sector benefits significantly from the surveying and mapping profession.surveyors and mappers provide essential data for creating urban development plans, zoning regulations, and land-use policies.their work helps in managing and preserving natural resources, minimizing environmental impact, and enhancing the overall quality of life in urban areas.In addition, the geospatial technology industry leverages the surveying and mapping profession to gather and analyze spatial data.This data is used in various applications such as GPS navigation, remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS).The advancements in technology have revolutionized the surveying and mapping field, enabling the use of drones, satellite imagery, and digital mapping tools for more accurate and efficient data collection.Moreover, the surveying and mapping profession encompasses various specialized areas such as topographic mapping, hydrographic surveying, and geodetic surveying.Topographic mapping involves creating detailed maps that depict the natural and man-made features of a specific area.Hydrographic surveying focuses on mapping bodies of water, including oceans, lakes, and rivers.Geodetic surveying deals with the measurement and mapping of large-scale geographic areas, ensuring the accuracy of coordinates and measurements across different regions.In conclusion, the surveying and mapping profession is of paramountimportance in various industries.It provides the necessary data and information for construction, engineering, urban planning, and geospatial technology projects.The advancements in technology have revolutionized the field, enabling more accurate and efficient data collection and analysis.As the world continues to evolve, the surveying and mapping profession will play a crucial role in shaping our built environment and utilizing geospatial data for sustainable development.。
测绘专业英语考试试题
测绘专业英语考试试题第一篇测绘专业英语考试试题是测绘专业学生在英语能力方面的考试，旨在评估学生在英语表达、阅读理解和听力等方面的能力。
考试试题通常包括英语基础知识、专业术语和实际应用等内容，对学生进行综合评估。
测绘专业英语考试试题并不是一道简单的选择题或填空题，而是要求学生根据所学的测绘专业知识，以英语进行全面的表达和解释。
因此，对于非英语专业的学生来说，这可能是一个相对困难的考试。
在测绘专业英语考试中，学生需要具备良好的英语听说读写能力，并且能够理解和运用专业术语。
除了熟悉并理解英语单词和短语的意思外，学生还需要了解测绘专业领域的相关概念和技术。
例如，他们需要知道测量、制图和地理信息系统(GIS)等方面的基本知识。
了解测绘专业的英语术语对于学生来说非常重要。
这些术语可能包括测量准确性、空间数据、坐标系统和地理坐标等。
学生需要熟悉这些术语，并能够在口语和写作中正确地使用它们。
除了理论知识和术语外，学生还需要具备实际应用能力。
他们可能会面临实际测量和制图任务的模拟，需要运用自己所学的知识和技能进行解决。
这些任务可能包括测量地面高程、绘制地形图或解决测量误差等问题。
对于参加测绘专业英语考试的学生来说，备考非常关键。
学生需要通过阅读相关教材和参考书籍来准备考试。
同时，他们还应该多进行听力和口语练习，以提高自己的听说能力。
此外，学生可以参加模拟考试和培训班，以了解考试的要求和内容。
总之，测绘专业英语考试试题是对测绘专业学生英语能力的综合评估。
学生需要在考试中展示自己的英语听说读写能力，并能够灵活运用专业知识和术语。
通过认真备考和实际应用练习，学生可以提高自己的考试成绩和职业竞争力。
第二篇测绘专业英语考试试题是测定学生在英语能力方面的水平的一种评估方式。
这种考试试题包括了学生的英语阅读、写作、听力和口语等多个方面的考核内容。
在英语阅读方面，测绘专业英语考试试题会提供一些与测绘专业相关的文章或材料，要求学生进行阅读理解。
测绘专业英语单词词汇
01 总类01.001 测绘学surveying and mapping, SM01.002 中华人民共和国测绘法Law of Surveying and Mapping of the People's Republic of China01.003 测绘标准standards of surveying and mapping01.004 测量规范specifications of surveys01.005 地形图图式topographic map symbols01.006 大地测量学geodesy01.007 地球形状earth shape, figure of the earth01.008 重力基准网gravity standard network01.009 重力场gravity field01.010 地心坐标系geocentric coordinate system01.011 地球椭球earth ellipsoid01.012 大地原点geodetic origin01.013 水准原点leveling origin01.014测量标志survey mark01.015 测量觇标observation target01.016 高程基准height datum01.017 1954年北京坐标系Beijing geodetic coordinate system195401.018高程系统height system01.019平均海[体]面mean sea level01.020黄海平均海[水]面Huanghai mean sea level01.021海拔height above sea level01.022海军导航卫星系统Navy Navigation Satellite System，NNSS01.023 NA VSTAR全球定位系统NA VSTAR Global Positioning System，NA VSTAR GPS 01.024惯性测量系统inertial surveying system，ISS01.025摄影测量与遥感学photogrammetry and remote sensing01.026航空摄影测量aerophotogrammetry, aerial photogrammetry01.027航天摄影测量（又称“太空摄影测量”）space photogrammetry01.028非地形摄影测量non-topographic photogrammetry01.029水下摄影测量underwater photogrammetry01.030航空航天摄影aero—space photogrammetry01.031航空遥感aerial remote sensing01.032航天遥感space remote sensing01.033图像image01.034影像image, imagery01.035图形Graphics01.036判读（又称“判释”、“解译”）interpretation01.037模拟摄影测量analog photogrammetry01.038解析摄影测量analytical photogrammetry, numerical photogrammetry01.039 数字摄影测量digital photogrammetry01.040数字地图模型（又称“数值地型”）digital terrain model, DTM01.041遥感图象处理image processing of remote sensing01.042遥感模式识别pattern recognition of remote sensing01.043地图制图学（又称“地图学”）cartography01.044地理坐标网geographic graticule01.045经纬网fictitious graticule01.046方里网kilometer grid01.047邻带方里网grid of neighboring zone01.048坐标格网coordinate grid01.049地理坐标参考系geographical reference system，GEOREF01.050地图map01.051地形图topographic map01.052平面图plan01.053普通地图general map01.054专题地图thematic map01.055地图集atlas01.056地球仪globe01.057地图规范map specifications01.058地图生产map production01.059地图投影map projection01.060地图编制（又称“编图”）map compilation01.061地图复制map reproduction01.062地图印刷map printing01.063地图利用map use01.064地图量算cartometry01.065机助地图制图computer-aided cartography，computer-assisted cartography, CAC 01.066自动化制图automatic cartography01.067自动绘图automatic plotting01.068图形显示graphic display01.069遥感制图remote sensing mapping01.070地名学toponomastics, toponymy01.071地名geographical name, place name01.072工程测量学engineering surveying01.073比例尺scale01.074基本比例尺basic scale01.075等高线contour01.076等高距contour interval01.077测量平差survey adjustment，adjustment of observations01.078精度估计precision estimation01.079精［密］度precision01.080准确度accuracy01.081偶然误差accident error01.082系统误差systematic error01.083粗差gross error01.084常差constant error01.085多余观测redundant observation01.086闭合差closing error, closure01.087限差tolerance01.088相对误差relative error01.089绝对误差absolute error01.090中误差mean square error01.091误差椭圆error ellipse01.092边长中误差mean square error of side length01.093测角中误差mean square error of angle observation01.094方位角中误差mean square error of azimuth01.095坐标中误差mean square error of coordinate01.096点位中误差mean square error of a point01.097高程中误差mean square error of height01.098国土基础信息系统land base information system01.099大地控制数据库geodetic data base01.100重力数据库gravimetric data base01.101地形数据库topographic data base01.102地理信息系统geographical information system，GIS01.103地图数据库map data base01.104地图数据库管理系统cartographic data base management system01.105地名数据库place-name data base01.106地籍信息系统cadastral information system01.107土地信息系统land information system，LIS01.108制图专家系统cartographic expert system01.109海洋测绘hydrographic surveying and charting01.110测绘仪器instrument of surveying and mapping01.111大地测量仪器geodetic instrument01.112测距仪distance measuring instrument，rangefinder01.113重力仪gravimeter01.114定位系统positioning system01.115摄影测量仪器photogrammetric instrument01.116立体测图仪stereoplotter01.117数字摄影测量工作站digital photogrammetric station01.118全数字化自测图系统full digital automatic mapping system01.119图形输入设备graphic input unit01.120图形输出设备graphic output unit01.121中国测绘学会Chinese Society of Surveying and Mapping，CSSM01.122国际测绘联合会International Union of Surveying and Mapping，IUSM01.123国际测量师联合会Federation Internationale des Geometres，FIG（法语）01.124国际大地测量学与地球物理学International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics，IUGG01.125国际大地测量学协会International Association of Geodesy IAG01.126国际摄影测量与遥感学会International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing，ISPRS01.127国际地图学协会International Cartographic Association，ICA01.128 国际海道测量组织International Hydrography Organization, IHO02 大地测量学02.001大地测量geodetic surveying02.002几何大地测量学geometric geodesy02.003椭球面大地测量学ellipsoidal geodesy02.004大地天文学geodetic astronomy02.005物理大地测量学(又称“大地重力学”) physical geodesy02.006空间大地测量学space geodesy02.007卫星大地测量学satellite geodesy02.008动力大地测量学dynamic geodesy02.009海洋大地测量学marine geodesy02.010月面测量学lunar geodesy，selenodesy02.011行星测量学planetary geodesy02.012天文大地网(又称“国家大地网”)astro--geodetic network02.013参考椭球reference ellipsoid02.014贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid02.015海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid02.016克拉索夫斯基椭球Krasovsky ellipsoid02.017参考椭球定位orientation of reference ellipsoid02.018大地基准geodetic datum02.019大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system02.020弧度测量arc measurement02.021拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth02.022拉普拉斯点Laplace point02.023三角测量triangulation02.024三角点triangulation point02.025三角锁triangulation chain02.026三角网triangulation network02.027图形权倒数weight reciprocal of figure02.028菲列罗公式Ferreros formula02.029施赖伯全组合测角法Schreiber method in all combinations 02.030方向观测法method of direction observation，method by series 02.031测回observation set02.032归心元素elements of centering02.033归心改正correction for centering02.034水平折光差(又称“旁折光差”) h orizontal refraction error02.035基线测量base measurement02.036基线baseline02.037基线网base network02.038精密导线测量precise traversing02.039三角高程测量trigonometric leveling02.040三角高程网trigonometric leveling network02.041铅垂线plumb line02.042天顶距zenith distance02.043高度角elevation angle，altitude angle02.044垂直折光差vertical refraction error02.045垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient02.046国家水准网national leveling network02.047精密水准测量Precise leveling02.048水准面level surface02.049高程height02.050正高orthometric height02.051正常高normal height02.052力高dynamic height02.053地球位数geopotential number02.054水准点benchmark02.055水准路线leveling line02.056跨河水准测量river－crossing leveling02.057椭球长半径major radius of ellipsoid02.058椭球扁率flattening of ellipsoid02.059椭球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid02.060子午面meridian plane02.061子午圈meridian02.062卯酉圈prime vertical02.063平行圈parallel circle02.064法截面normal section02.065子午圈曲率半径radius of curvature in meridian02.066卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical02.067平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature02.068大地线geodesic02.069大地线微分方程differential equation of geodesic02.070大地坐标geodetic coordinate02.071大地经度geodetic longitude02.072大地纬度geodetic latitude02.073大地高geodetic height，ellipsoidal height02.074大地方位角geodetic azimuth02.075天文大地垂线偏差astro—geodetic deflection of the vertical02.076垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical02.077标高差改正correction for skew normals02.078截面差改正correction from normal section to geodetic02.079大地主题正解direct solution of geodetic problem02.080大地主题反解inverse solution of geodetic problem02.081高斯中纬度公式Gauss mid—latitude formula02.082贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem 02.083高斯一克吕格投影Gauss－Kruger projection又称“高斯投影”。
测绘专业英语 曲建光1 lesson one翻译
Lesson oneIntroduction to SurveyingSurveying is the art of making such measurements of the relative positions of points on the surface of Earth that, on drawing them to scale, natural and artificial features may be exhibited in their correct horizontal or vertical relationships.测量是一种技术，它测定地球表面上各点的相对位置，并按照比例绘制出来，使得天然和人工地物能以正确的水平或垂直关系展示出来。
Less comprehensively, the term, “Surveying”, may be limited to operations directed to the representation of ground features in plan. Methods whereby relative altitudes are ascertained are distinguished as “leveling”, the results being shown either as vertical section or by conventional symbols on a plan.较为全面地说，“测量”这个词可以局限于在平面图上表示出地貌的操作。
确定相对高度的操作区别为水准测量，其结果或以纵断面显示或是在平面图上用惯用符号表示。
Plane, Aerial and Geodetic Surveying A plan is projection upon a horizontal surface, and in its construction all linear and angular quantities used must be horizontal dimensions. It is impossible to give a complete representation of distances following the undulations of the ground other than by a scale model. Now a horizontal surface is normal to the direction of gravity as indicated by a plump line, but, on account of the form of the Earth, the direction of plump lines suspended at different points in a survey are not strictly parallel, and the plane horizontal at one point does not precisely coincide with that through any other point. It is not the irregular shape of the Earth’s physical surface that is reffered to here, but the almost regular curvature of a level surface which is necessarily perpendicular to the vertical everywhere.平面测量，航空测量，大地测量平面图是在水平面上的投影，在绘制时使用的长度和角度的量值必须是水平分量。
测绘工程专业英语(中国地质大学长城学院)
一、名词解释：1、Surveying (测量学）is the art of making such measurements of the relative positions of points on the surface of Earth that,on drawing them to scale natural and artificial features may be exhibited in their correct horizontal or vertical relationships.2、Plane surveying （平面测量)is of wide scope and utility,and its methods are e mployed in the vast majorit y of surveys undertaken for various purposes,such as en gineering ,architectural,legal,c ommercial,scientific,geograph ical,exploratory,military,and n avigational.3、Geodetic surveys（大地测量）are usually of a nati onal character,occasionally w orks of international coopera tion,and they are undertaken as basis for the production of accurate maps of wide areas.4、Leveling（水准测量) is t he general term applied to a ny of the various processes by which elevations of point s or differences in elevation are determined.5、The theodolite （经纬仪）is an instrument designed for the measurement of hori zontal and vertical angles.It is the most precise instrume nt available for such observ ations,and is of wide applica bility in surveying.6、A traverse（导线）is a series of consecutive lines whose lengths and directions have been determined from field measurements7、Traversing(导线测量）,the act of establishing traverse stations and making the ne cessary measurements,is one of the most basic and wid ely practiced means of deter mining the relative locations of points.8、Azimuths（方位角）are measured clockwise from th e north end of the meridian through the angle points. 9、Topographic surveys（地形测量）are made to deter mine the configuration (relie f) of the earth’s surface and to locate natural and cultur al features on it.10、A topographic map（地形图）is a large scale repres entation of a portion of theEarth’s showing culture, relief, hydrography, and perhaps vegetation.11、Systematic-Error(系统误差）:These-errors conformto mathematical and physical laws.Their magnitude maybe constant or variable depending on conditions.12、Radom error(偶然误差）：These are errors that remain after mistakes and systematic errors have been eliminated.13、Precision(精度)refers to the degree of refinementor consistency of a group of measurements.14、Accuracy(准确度）which denotes the absolute nearness of measured quantities to their true values.二、填空1、The metal case is attached to some part of the instrument in such a way as topermit some (adjustment) of the position.2、Transits,are instrumentswhich ..... Along the verticalplane (altitude) as well asthe horizontal plane (azimuth).3、These instruments are (tripods),plane tables,(level rods),chains,and (tapes).4、As can be observed ,EDM systems are made up ofthree components-(a transmitter),(a reflector),and (a receiver).5、....the telescope must becapable of rotation about a(horizontal axis),for measurement of horizonal angles,the instrument must be rotatedabout a (vertical axis).6、There must be an (indexmark) on the rotating part,placed so that readings canbe taken against it on the(graduated circle).7、.....the observer operatesa setting device to obtain a(mean reading) free from(eccentricity error).8、If the (plumb bob) is not over the point,the (centering screw) can be loosenedand the.......9、These notes include directions.....stations with (fourdifferent positions).Two readings were taken on each position (one with the telescope normal or direct and onewith the instrument (reversed or plunged)).10、The line is determinedby a telescope with the usual components consisting of(object glass),(focusing arrangement),(diaphragm withcross-lines), and (eye-piece).11、A level fitted with (horizontal circle) and (stadia lines) can be used to make acomplete (three-dimensional) survey of a limited area round the instrument.12、Levels are used to obtain the direct measurement of （height differences）between two points.13、Which transmit either (modulated laser) or (infrared light) having wavelengths within or slightly beyondthe ......14、Which transmits (microwaves) with (frequencies) in the range of 3 to 35GHZcorresponding to wavelength of about 1.0 to 8.6 mm.15、The methods used in measuring angles or directionsof traverse lines vary,and include (compass bearings），（interior angles),(deflection angles),(angles to the right),(azimuths).16、The instrument is oriented at each station by (backsighting) on the previous point with （the back bearingset) on the plates.17、(Electronic devices) and (taping) are used most often and provide the highestorder of accuracy.18、On construction work,(allowable limits of closure)depend on the use and extent of the traverse and typeof project.Bright location, for example ,demands a highdegree of precision.19、Vertical control is provided by bench marks in or near the tract to be surveyed.It becomes the foundation for correctly portraying reliefon a map,A （vertical control net)is established by (lines of levels）starting fromand closing on bench marks.三、翻译：1、It is convenient to considerthat a bubble tube has anaxis,which may be taken as astraight line parallel to the freesurface of the liquid when thebubble is in the centralposition determined by thegraduation marks.当气泡处于分划线所确定的中心位置时，我们可以很容易想像水准管有一个轴，这个轴可以看作是一条与液体的自由表面平行的直线。
(完整word)测绘专业英语单词
(完整word)测绘专业英语单词Chapter 1Geomatics 测绘学Surveying 测量学Geodesy 测地学Geosciences 地球科学Surveying and mapping 测绘学Surveying and mapping engineering 测绘工程Geoinformatics 地理信息学Geodetic network 大地控制网Land Surveyor 土地测量员Photogrammetriest 摄影测量员Practitioner 从业者Topographic map 地形图Geographic information system 地理信息系统Aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量学Remote sensing 遥感Cartography 地图制图学Computer graphics 计算机图形学Global navigation satellite system GNSSGlobal position system GPS Environmental visualization 环境可视化Geographic information system GIS Geographic referenced information 地理参考信息Landforms 地形Underground geological structure 地下地质构造Hydrology 水文学Mineral resources 矿产资源Topographic maps 地形图Geodynamic phenomena 地球动力学现象Polar motion 极移Crustal motion 地壳运动Earth tides 地球潮汐Sphere 球（体）Spheroid 球体Ellipse 椭圆Ellipsoid 椭圆体，椭球Surveying station 测站Geodetic control points 大地控制点With permanent monuments 永久标志Curved surface 曲面Straight line 直线Plane 平面Precise instrument 精密仪器Reference coordinat e 参考坐标Contour maps 等值线图Three dimensional model 三维模型Analog or digital forms 模拟或数字形式Specialized illustration software 专业插图软件Data acquisition 数据获取Data representation 数据表达Manipulate 处理，操作Data storage 数据存储Data preprocessing 数据预处理Longitude latitude altitude 经度、纬度、高度Regional navigation system 地区导航系统Analog photogrammetry 模拟摄影测量Analytical photogrammetry 解析摄影测量Digital photogrammetry 数字摄影测量Plotter 绘图机Passive remote sensing/active remote sensingFilm photography 胶片Infrared sensors 红外感应Charge coupled devices 电荷耦合器件Radiometer 辐射计Backscattered 反向散射Passive/active sensor/reflector 被动/主动传感器/反射器Henan polytechnic university Geographic data 地理数据Reference spheroid 参考椭球体Curved surface 曲面Analogy form 模拟模式Radio signal 无线信号Laser 激光(完整word)测绘专业英语单词Chapter 2Analog forms 模拟形式Paper plan 平面图Report table 报告表Three dimensional mathematical model 三维数学模型Horizontal and vertical distances 水平距离和垂直距离Determining Elevations 确定高程Direction 方向Location 位置Volume 体积（量）Portray graphically生动描绘Profile/cross section 侧面/横断面Longitudinal section 纵剖面Diagram 图表/示意图Optical theodolite 光学经纬仪Digital level 数字水准仪Electronic Distance Measurement （EDM）Total station 全站仪Aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影Satellite observation 卫星观测Inertial surveying 惯性测量Laser ranging techniques 激光测距技术Large volume of data 大量数据Rigorous processing 严密加工工艺Field/office work 野外/室内工作Conventional construction engineering projects 传统建设工程项目Property surveying 权属调查Geology 地质学 geophysics地球物理biology生物 agriculture 农业forestry 林业 hydrology 水文oceanography 海洋学Geography地理学Distance measurement 距离测量Linear 线性物 non-Spherical earth 球面地Slant 倾斜Tape 卷尺Telescope view望远镜视场electro-optical distance measuring 光电测距Earth gravity field 地球重力场Plume lines 铅垂线plastic tapes 塑料尺Poly tapes 塑料尺Steel types 钢尺Marking pole 花杆marking pin 测杆spring balance 弹簧秤Collimation axis 视准轴plumb bob 铅锤Invar tapes 因瓦尺Coefficient 系数Metric units 米制单位Foot units 英制单位Metric 公制，米制Meter 米Decimeter 分米Centimeter 厘米Minimeter 毫米Kilometer 千米Tacheometry 视距测量Theodolite tacheometryoptical resolutionOrdinary taping 普通丈量Precise taping 精密丈量Thermal expansion 热膨胀fixed-angle intercept截取一个固定角stadia interval factorstadia system 视距系统level rod 水准尺Plane table 平板仪line of sight 视线horizontal stadia principle 水平视距原理stadia interval 视距间隔 factor 常数stadia hairs 视距丝Principle focus 主焦点detail surveys 碎步测量topographic surveys 地形测量Leveling 水准测量electronic distance measurement 电子测距仪Geodimeter Inc光电测距仪公司terrain conditions 地形条件(完整word)测绘专业英语单词Radio waves 无线电波Identical velocities 相同速度Light velocity 光速Vacuum 真空operational range 测距Microwave systems 微波系统Light wave systems 光波系统Infrared systems 红外系统Wavelength band 波段Transmitted signals 传播信号airborne particles 浮尘Traversing 导线测量Precise taping 精密丈量Curvature 曲率Mean sea level MSLPermanent points/benchmarks 基准参照Trigonometric or indirect leveling 三角高程测量direct or spirit leveling 水准测量stadia leveling 视距测量different leveling 差分水准Point in question 待求点self-reducing tacheometer 自降速测仪Barometric leveling 气压高程测量Gravimetric leveling 重力高程测量mutually perpendicular axes Standard deviations 标准差earth curvature and refraction Annexed leveling line 附和水准路线spur leveling line 支水准路线closed leveling line 闭合水准路线preclude 排除slope distance 斜距vertical angle 竖直角Zenith angle 天顶角National vertical datum 国家高程基准theodolite 经纬仪 transitangles of elevation 仰角 minus anglesangles of depression 俯角 down anglesreciprocal vertical angle observation 垂直角对测degree minute second 度分秒the sexagesimal system 六十进制系统radian 弧度topographic detail points 地形碎部点points to be set out 待放样点clinometer 测角仪/倾斜仪sextant 六分仪compass 罗盘true meridian direction 真子午线方向true north direction 正北方向meridian plane 子午面gyro theodolite 陀螺经纬仪magnetic meridian direction 磁北方向azimuths 方位角coordinate north direction 坐标北方向coordinate axies direction clockwise direction 顺时针方向counterclockwise direction 逆时针方向bearing/orientation 方位、方向quadrant 象限horizontal circle 水平度盘circular protractors 圆形量角器geometric conditions 几何条件astronomic 天文学的,极大的magnetic poles 磁极gauss coordinate system 高斯坐标系coordinate azimuth 坐标方位角meridian 子午圈/线azimuthal projection 方位角投影commencing on 开始face left 盘左bisected bisect 一分为二binary 二进制的horizontal scale 水平度盘比例尺upper plate clamp 上盘制动夹subtract 减法，扣除arbitrary points 任意点primary control 一级控制triangulation 三角法trilateration 三边法intersection 交会法resection 后方交会traversing 导线测量trigonometric proposition 三角定理law of sines 正弦定理(完整word)测绘专业英语单词law of cosines 余弦定理forward intersection 前方交会side intersection 侧方交会steel tapes 钢尺hydrographic surveyspur/stub traverse 支导线geometric closure 几何形状闭合connection/annexed traverse 附合导线Closed traverse 闭合导线Normal calculation 坐标正算inverse calculation 坐标反算Stadia hair 视距丝Cross hair 十字丝Pulse method 脉冲法Phase different method 相差法Modulated light beam 调制光束Dividing scale tape 刻线尺Reflect 反射disperse散射 radiate 辐射Refract折射 diffract 衍射 diffuse 漫射Compensator 补偿器Ralative precision 相对精度Absolute precision 绝对精度Horizontal distance 水平距离Benchmark 水准基准点Alidade 照准部Automatic level 自动安平水准仪Nominal factor 名义因子Construction maps 施工图Air density 空气密度Horizontal braking screw 水平制动螺旋Charpter 3plane trigonometry 平面三角orthogonal projection 正射投影reference ellipsoid 参考椭球面geoid 大地水准面landmass 陆地equipotential surface 等势面theoretical surface 理论面perpendicular 垂直gravity potential 重力势planimetric position 平面位置orthometric heights 正高Geodetic height 大地高semi-major axis 长半径minor axis 短轴plumb bob line 垂线spirit bubble 水准泡horizontalized 使整平flattening 扁率ellipsoidal/geodetic distance 大地距best fitting 最佳拟合global geocentric ellipsoid 全球地心参考系geodetic reference system 1980 大地测量参考系portrary 描绘conformality 正形性at expense of 以牺牲—为代价Arbitrary projection 任意投影Equidistant projection 等距投影Easel plane 承影面Cylindrical projection 圆柱投影Conic projection 圆锥投影Azimuthal/planar projection 方位投影Normal/regular axis tangent conic projection正轴切圆锥投影Normal/regular axis secant conic projection(完整word)测绘专业英语单词正轴割圆锥投影Tangent planar projectionNormal axis tangent planarprojection正轴切面投影Transverse axis tangent planarprojection横轴切面投影Oblique axis tangent planarprojection斜轴切面投影Graticule of normal conic projection 正轴圆锥投影格网Cylinder 圆柱体Gauss kruger projection=conformal（equal angle）transverse tangent elliptic cylindrical projectionUniversal transverse mercator UTM Rules of thumb 经验法则Geodetic datum 大地测量基准World geodetic system 84Standard parallels 标准纬线Meridian 子午线,子午圈，经线Mass anomaly质量异常Geodetic latitude 大地维度Geodetic longitude 大地经度Translation parameter 平移参数Rotation parameter 旋转参数Scale parameter 尺度参数Rotation axis 旋转轴Backsight 后视Leveling rod reading 水准尺读数Height difference 高差Notional leveling origin 国家水准原点Coordinate conversion 坐标转换Smooth surface 光滑表面Normal calculation 正算Normal line 法线Survey specification 测量规范Dimension of the ellipsoid 椭圆的尺寸Chapter 4Direct measurement 直接测量Geometric formulas 几何公式Three broad categories 三大范畴Blunders/mistakes=gross errors Systematic errors 系统误差Magnitude 量级Algebraic sign 代数符号Calibration 校准，标准化Random errors 随机误差Gaussian distribution 高斯分布Law of probability 概率Most probable value 最或然值Points of inflexion 拐点Square root 平方根Probability density function 概率密度函数Normal error distribution curve 正态分布曲线Normal random variable 正态随机变量Frequency histogram 频率直方图Standard deviation 标准差Arithmetic mean 算术平均值Error propagation 误差传播Partial derivative 偏导数Mean square error 中误差Least squares adjustment 最小二乘平差Superfluous measurement 多余测量Instrumental error 仪器误差Redundant measurement 冗余误差Optimal combination 最优组合Matrix/array 矩阵Functional model 函数模型Stochastic model 随机模型Statistical properties 统计特性(完整word)测绘专业英语单词Variance/covariance matrix 方差/协方差矩阵Weighting matrix 权阵Weihted adjustment 加权平差Conditional adjustment 条件平差Parametric adjustment 参数平差Algebraic sum 代数和Geometric check 几何检核Chapter 5Cartography 地图制图学Map compilation 地图编制Map decoration 地图整饰Contour map 等高/值线图Neat line 图表边线Coordinate gratitude/grid 坐标网格Inset 嵌图Bar scale 图解比例尺Thematic map 专题图Topographic map 地形图topological map 拓扑地图Electronic map 电子地图Analytic stereo plotter 解析立体绘图仪Data visualization 数据可视化Image processing 图像处理Spatial analysis 空间分析Specialized illustration software 专门插图软件Laser rangefinders 激光测距仪Computer aided design CAD 计算机辅助设计VectorRasterGeometrical principles 几何原理Geospatial information 地理空间信息Zoom in 放大 out 缩小Graphic scale bar 图解比例尺Map page space 图面空间C++ application programming interface API Chapter 6Global navigation satellite system GNSSGlobal position system GPSOrbital plane 轨道平面Orbital altitude 轨道高度Medium earth orbit /MEO 中地球轨道Carrier wave 载波Absolute positioning 绝对定位Relative positioning 相对定位Static positioning 静态定位Dynamic positioning 动态定位Base station 基站Real time kinematic RTK 实时动态定位Antenna 天线Post processing 后处理Ground based transmitter 地面发射机Geostationary orbit 对地静止轨道GPS receiver GPS接收机Monitor station 监控站Mobile /Roving station 流动站Differential GPS。
测绘工程专业英语 (2)
测绘工程专业英语1. Introduction测绘工程是一门综合性较强的学科，需要使用专业的英语术语来进行交流和沟通。
本文将介绍一些与测绘工程相关的常用英语词汇和表达，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用专业英语。
2. Surveying and Mapping 测绘2.1 Surveying 规划测量•Geodetic surveying大地测量•Cadastral surveying (land) 地籍测绘•Engineering surveying工程测量•Topographic surveying地形测量•Control surveying控制测量•Hydrographic surveying水文测量•Deformation monitoring变形监测2.2 Mapping 制图•Cartography制图学•Digital mapping数字制图•Geographic information system (GIS)地理信息系统•Remote sensing遥感•Image interpretation图像解译•Orthophoto正射影像•Contour lines等高线•Land cover classification土地覆盖分类3. Instruments and Equipment 仪器设备•Theodolite经纬仪•Total station全站仪•GPS receiver GPS接收机•Levels水准仪•Laser scanner激光扫描仪•Data collector数据采集器•GIS software GIS软件•Mapping software制图软件4. Measurements 测量数据•Distance measurement距离测量•Angle measurement角度测量•Coordinate measurement坐标测量•Elevation measurement高程测量•Height measurement高度测量•Area measurement面积测量•Volume measurement体积测量5. Data Analysis 数据分析•Data processing数据处理•Error analysis误差分析•Statistical analysis统计分析•Spatial analysis空间分析•Data visualization数据可视化•Interpolation插值•Extrapolation外推•Regression analysis回归分析6. Project Management 项目管理•Survey project planning测量项目规划•Budget estimation预算估算•Resource allocation资源分配•Scheduling进度安排•Quality control质量控制•Risk assessment风险评估•Project documentation项目文档7. Conclusion本文介绍了一些与测绘工程专业相关的英语词汇和表达，涵盖了测绘、制图、仪器设备、测量数据、数据分析和项目管理等领域。
测绘专业英语
Geomatics is a relatively new scientific term created by Pollock and Wright in 1969, with the intention of combining the terms geodesy and geoinformatics.It includes the tools and techniques used inSurveying and Mapping,Remote Sensing (RS),Cartography,Geographic Information Systems(GIS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS, i.e.,GPS, Glonass,Galileo,Compass),Photogrammetry, Geography, Geosciences, Computer Sciences, Information Science and various spatial observation technologies, land development and environmental sciences, etc.测绘学是一种相对较新的科学术语由波洛克和赖特在1969年提出，目的是将大地测量学与地理信息学结合起来。
它包括的工具和技术应用于测绘、遥感(RS)、地图学、地理信息系统(GIS)、全球导航卫星系统(GNSS,即。
、GPS、Glonass、伽利略、北斗),摄影测量、地理学、地球科学、计算机科学、信息科学和各种空间观测技术、土地开发、环境科学等。
Surveying may be defined as the technology and scie nce of the study of earth’s shape and size, as well as making measurements of the relative positions of natural and man-made features on, above or below the earth’s surface, and representing these information in analog forms as contoured maps or sections, paper plan or chart, or as figures in report tables, or in digital form as a three dimensional mathematical model stored in the computer.测量的技术和科学可以定义为研究地球的形状和大小,以及测量位于地球表面上或者低于或者高于地球表面的自然的或人造的物体的相对位置,并将这些信息以模拟形式的波状外形的地图、剖面图、论文计划、图表、数据报告表中呈现或以数字形式存储在计算机三维数学模型中。
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一、geomatics 测绘学geodesy 大地测量学surveying and mapping 测绘photogrammetry 摄影测量学re mote sensing ( RS) 遥感global positioning system ( GPS) 全球定位系统satellite positioning 卫星定位geographic information systems ( GIS) 地理信息系统land management 土地管理computer graphics 计算机图形学二、geodetic surveying 大地测量,大地测量学plane surveying 平面测量, 平面测量学control survey 控制测量horizontal survey 水平测量, 平面测量vertical survey 高程测量, 垂直测量topographic survey 地形测量detail survey 碎部测量land survey ( property survey, boundary survey, cadastralsurvey)土地测量, 地籍测量route survey 路线测量pipe survey 管道测量city survey 城市测量hydrographic survey 水道测量marine survey 海洋测量mine survey 矿山测量geological survey 地质测量三、distance measurement 距离测量precise ranging 精密测距pacing 步测, 定步distance measuring instrument, rangefinder 测距仪E D M (electronic distance measurement) 电子测距仪geodimeter 光速测距仪, 光电测距仪electro magnetic distance measuring instrument 电磁波测距仪electro-optical distance measuring instrument 光电测距仪long-range E D M instrument 远程电子测距仪infrared ED M instrument 红外测距仪laser distance measuring instrument,laser ranger 激光测距仪microwave distance measuring instrument 微波测距仪satellite laser ranger 卫星激光测距仪two-color laser ranger 双色激光测距仪distance- measuring error 测距误差fixed error 固定误差proport ional error 比例误差sighting distance 视距m ult ipl ication constant 乘常数addition constant 加常数stadia multiplication constant 视距乘常数stadia addition constant 视距加常数standard f ield of length 长度标准检定场nominal accuracy 标称精度stadia hair 视距丝,视距线stadia interval 视距间隔四、horizontal angle 水平角vertical angle 垂直角depression angle 俯角,俯视角zenith distance 天顶距elevation angle 高度角horizontal circle 水平刻度盘vertical circle 垂直度盘true north 真北geodet ic azim uth 大地方位角grid bearing 坐标方位角gyro azim uth 陀螺方位角m agnetic azimuth 磁方位角m ethod by series, method of direction observation 方向观测法m ethod in al l com binations 全组合测角法五、control network 控制网horizontal control network 平面控制网,水平控制网vertical control network 高程控制网control point 控制点triangulat ion 三角测量tri lateration 三边测量triangulaterat ion 边角测量forward intersection 前方交会resection 后方交会side intersection 侧方交会l inear-angular intersection 边角交会法l inear intersect ion 边交会法traversing 导线测量traverse point 导线点traverse leg 导线边traverse angle 导线折角open traverse 支导线closed traverse 闭合导线closed loop traverse 闭合环导线connecting traverse 附和导线angle closing error of traverse 导线角度闭合差totallength closing error of traverse 导线全长闭合差closing error in coordinate increment 坐标增量闭合差traverse network 导线网triangulaterat ion network 边角网triangulat ion network 三角网trilateration network 三边网survey specif ications,specif ications of surveys 测量规范六、reference datum 参考基面, 参考基准面Huanghai vertical datum of 1956 1956 黄海高程系统national vertical datum of 1985 1985 国家高程基准Direct leveling, spirit leveling 几何水准测量Differential leveling 微差水准测量trigonometric leveling 三角高程测量barometric leveling 气压水准测量gravimetric leveling 重力水准测量river-crossing leveling 跨河水准测量B M (bench mark) 水准基点level rod 水准尺level 水准仪backsight ( BS) 后尺foresight ( FS) 前尺height of instrument ( HI) 仪器高height of target ( H T ) 目标高elevation difference 高差annexed leveling line 附和水准路线closed leveling line 闭合水准路线spur leveling line 支水准路线refraction correct ion 折光差改正elevation of sight 视线高程Optical level 光学水准仪electronic level 电子水准仪automatic level, compensator level 自动安平水准仪laser level 激光水准仪1-1、The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy”or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer science and/or GIS-oriented courses.（这个术语作为一个学科第一次形成于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的“大测量学”或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和GIS 方向的课程后重新命名的。
）1-2、Adoption of the term also allows a coherent marketing of the profession to industry and schools on a worldwide basis.（这个术语的采用同时也在全世界范围里为行业里和学校建立了一个一致的专业市场）1-3、As defined by the Canadian Institute of Geomatics in their quarterly journal “Geomatica”: Geomatics is a field of activities which, using a systemic approach, integrates all the means used to acquire and manage spatial data required as part of scientific, administrative, legal and technical operations involved in the process of the production and management of spatial information.（加拿大测量学会在他们的季刊“地球空间信息学”中这样定义：测绘学是利用系统的方法，为生产和处理科学的，行政的，法律的和技术的业务所需的空间信息，将所有获取和管理空间信息的方法整合在一起的活动领域。
2-1、Surveying has been traditionally defined as the art and science of determining the position of natural and artificial features on, above or below the earth’s surface; and representing this information in analog form as a contoured map, paper plan or chart, or as figures in report tables, or in digital form as a three dimensional mathematical model stored in the computer.（测量传统定义为确定地表、地下和地上的自然与人工地貌特征；并使之按比例测绘成地形图、平面图或图表，或形成报告图表，或以数字形式形成三维立体数学模型存储进计算机。