被动语态、非谓语动词
英语语法被动语态总结
英语语法被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时例 A new cinema is being built here．4）was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5）had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6）was/were being done 过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there.7）shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8）should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例Theproject will have been completed before July.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语成分，通常以动词原形或动词的其他非限定形式呈现的动词。
非谓语动词的时态和语态主要根据上下文确定，本文将详细介绍非谓语动词的时态和语态的使用。
一、非谓语动词的时态1. 不定式：不定式作为非谓语动词形式，不受时态的限制，通常表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如：- To understand English well, one must practice every day.（为了能够很好地理解英语，人们必须每天练习。
）- I forgot to buy milk on the way home.（我从没想到，在回家的路上忘了买牛奶。
）2. 现在分词：现在分词作为非谓语动词形式，通常表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或一般性的动作。
例如：- Walking along the street, I noticed a small cafe.（在街上走的时候，我注意到了一家小咖啡馆。
）- The teacher was talking to the students, explaining the new lesson.（老师正在和学生们谈话，解释新的课程。
）3. 过去分词：过去分词作为非谓语动词形式，通常表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成的动作。
例如：- Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play.（孩子做完作业后，出去玩了。
）- The injured man was taken to the hospital, accompanied by his family.（受伤的人被他的家人陪同着送到了医院。
）二、非谓语动词的语态非谓语动词的语态主要包括主动语态和被动语态，具体如下：1. 不定式的语态：不定式的语态通常与主句的语态保持一致。
例如：- She wants to be promoted.（她想要升职。
非谓语动词的被动语态
child.
作宾语
She didn’t like to treat the boy as a
child.
作宾语
3. His dream was to be admitted to
a good university.
作表语
She doesn’t seem to like the idea.
4. There are a lot of problems to be
discussed.
作定语
We have a lot of problems to
discuss.
5. Parents greatly encourage their
children to join the club. 作宾补
The shopkeeper saw a thief slip into
It’s a pleasure being invited to the party.
作主语
Being offered such a good chance was
luck.
作主语
What I hate most is being looked down
upon.
作表语
Our task is cleaning the canteen.
3. That building being repaired is our library. 作定语
4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.
作状语 5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away? 作状语
中的被动语态和非谓语动词有哪些形式
中的被动语态和非谓语动词有哪些形式中国语言中的被动语态和非谓语动词具有丰富多样的形式，它们在表达中起到重要的作用。
本文将深入探讨中的被动语态和非谓语动词的不同形式及其用法。
一、被动语态的形式及用法被动语态是指动作的承受者成为句子的主语而动作的执行者成为句子的宾语。
中的被动语态可通过不同的结构来表达，主要有以下几种形式：1. 被字句：句子中使用“被”字作为主语，动作的执行者作为宾语。
例如：（1）这本书被我借走了。
（2）公园里的花被小朋友摘了。
被字句的使用较为简单明了，常见于日常交流和写作中。
2. 把字句：句子中使用“把”字作为主语，动作的承受者作为宾语，动作的执行者以介词“被”引导的短语形式出现。
例如：（1）他把信被朋友寄到了。
（2）妈妈把旧衣服被她捐给了慈善机构。
把字句常用于表达主动意义的动作，强调主体对宾语的支配和控制。
3. 被动结构：句子中使用“被”字引导的被动结构，动作的执行者常以短语或者从句形式出现。
例如：（1）这首歌被千万人广为传唱。
（2）他的建议被大家所接受。
被动结构通常用于正式文体，表达客观事实或普遍规律。
二、非谓语动词的形式及用法非谓语动词是指不含有谓语成分的动词形式，常用于句子中作为动词、形容词或副词，具有丰富的形式，主要包括以下几种：1. 动词不定式：表示动作的概念或意愿，使用“不定式符号（to）+动词原形”形式。
例如：（1）我想去旅行。
（2）她努力学习。
动词不定式常用于作为宾语、目的状语、目的补语等。
2. 动词-ing形式：表示正在进行的动作或者作为现在分词形式修饰名词。
例如：（1）他正在读书。
（2）骑自行车的人是我哥哥。
动词-ing形式常用于作为主语、宾语、状语等。
3. 动词过去分词：表示动作的完成或者作为过去分词形式修饰名词。
例如：（1）这本书被我读过了。
（2）决赛结束的时候，观众们欢呼雀跃。
动词过去分词常用于被动语态、完成时态以及作形容词使用等。
4. 不定式动词短语：由不定式和其修饰词（介词、副词、形容词）组成的短语结构，常用于作目的状语或者形容词修饰名词。
动词的被动语态和非谓语动词
动词的被动语态和非谓语动词复习要点阐述今天我们复习动词的语态和非谓语动词，我们主要复习如下的内容：一．动词的被动语态。
二．动词不定式。
三．动名词。
四．分词。
一．动词的被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动词的执行者。
在初中阶段我们所学的句子绝大部分都是主动语态。
今天我们主要复习被动语态，被动语态表示主语不是动作的执行者，而是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
（一）被动语态的构成1．被动语态的基本结构：be＋动词过去分词2．各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例)（二）被动语态的用法被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况1．不知道动作的执行者是谁。
watch is made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。
2．没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
trees must be planted every year.每年必须有更多的树被种植。
3．需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语(强调汉语的使用广泛)。
4．动作的发出者不是人时。
houses were washed away in the flood.很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了。
（三）主动语态和被动语态的转换1．主动语态变被动语态：（1）要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变主格。
（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。
（3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
ask ed him to sing an English song.我们让他唱一首英语歌。
He was asked to sing an English song by us.他被我们要求唱一首英语歌。
2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可接直接宾语转化成主语。
非谓语动词讲解(超全)
非谓语动词非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词)概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分指出下列句子中非谓语动词的成分1，To see is to believe. 2, It is right to give up smoking.3, He wanted to go 4, I find it interesting to study English.5, He asked me to do the work with him. 6, I have some books for you to read.7, I came here to see you. 8, We were very excited to hear the news.9,Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job. 10, It is no use arguing with him.11, Her job is teaching . 12.He had his clothes washed.13,We saw the teacher making the experiment. 14,The man standing by the window is our teacher.15,The excited people rushed into the building. 16,Being a student, I must study hard.17,The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 18,The news is inspiring.非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
英语语法动词的语态及非谓语动词
（二）动词的语态(chapter 6 voice and mood) 1)语态也是学士学位英语的一个考点。
语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
(1) We use electricity to run machines. （主动语态）(2) Electricity is used to run machines. （被动语态）2)被动语态的时态形式时间一般时进行时现在am asked am being askedis asked is being askedare asked are being asked过去was be asked was being askedwere be asked were being asked将来shall be asked shall have been askedwill be asked will have been asked3) 短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。
例如：All the rubbish should be got rid of. 所有的垃圾应该把它们清除掉。
4) “get + -ed分词”的被动语态“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。
例如：The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 这个男孩在下班回来的路上受伤了。
另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。
例如：get dressed（穿衣服）get divorced（离婚）get engaged（订婚）get confused（迷惑不解）get lost（迷路）get washed（洗脸）get married（结婚）5) 双宾语动词改为被动语态（1）能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。
英语非谓语动词
(五) 非谓语动词的常见变形1. 不定式to do 一般式to be done 一般式的被动语态to have done 完成式(主动)to have been done 完成式的被动语态for/of sb. to do sth 不定式复合结构2. 动名词doing 一般式being done 被动one’s doing 动名词复合结构3. 分词doing 主动/正在进行done 被动/已完成being done 正在进行的动作的被动having done 该动作早于谓语动词动作(主)having been done (having done)的被动语态sb./sth. doing 独立主格结构sb./sth. done 独立主格结构4. 所有非谓语动词的否定是，都是将not前置not to do not having done(一). 不定式和动名词作主语I. 不定式作主语时,一般用it作形式主语.1. It is important __for__ Tom to get that job.2. It is kind of you to help me with my English.总结: It is +adj.+for/of sb to do sth的结构中,若此形容词说明不定式的性质时, 则用__for___; 若说明的人(sb.)的特性, 则用__of___.It is nice_of__ you to help me with my English.2.It is necessary ____for____you to improve your spoken English.II. 动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表达法1. It is no use/good + doing做某事没用(不好)2. There is no point doing(动名词)做某事没意义E.g:*It’s no use crying over spilt（被洒出的）milk. 覆水难收spill总结: 不定式和动名词作主语的区别①to do作主语时常表示某一次具体的动作,具有偶然性;②doing(动名词)表示习惯性的动作, 往往表抽象概念。
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2. 被动语态的几种特殊结构 （1）情态动词的被动语态 主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 This can be done by hand. （2）短语动词的被动语态 短语动词构成的固定词组，如depend 短语动词构成的固定词组，如depend on, turn off, go on with等应作为一个整体看待， with等应作为一个整体看待， 变成被动语态时不能丢掉构成短语动词的 介词、副词等。
He is a pleasant fellow to ______. A. work B. work with C. be working D. be worked 正确答案：B 正确答案：B
I used _____ on the left in England, but I soon get used _____ on the right in China. A. to driving; to drive B. to drive; to drive C. to drive; to driving D. to driving; to driving 正确答案：C 正确答案：C
第一部分 词汇与语法结构
三、被动语态
1. 被动语态的用法 （1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者时。 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。 He was elected President. （2）强调或突出动作的承受者时。 Breakfast is prepared.
2. 不定式的主要动能 （1）做主语 To know what to do is wisdom. To know how to do is skill. 清楚做什么是智慧。清楚如何做是技能。 It is enough to have one close friend in one’s life. one’ 人生得一知己足矣。
（4）做动词宾语 Admit, suggest, dislike, appreciate, complete, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, require, risk, suggest, can’t help, give up, keep on, put can’ off （5）做介词宾语 Man’ Man’s dream of flying in space has come true. He hasn’t much experience in running factories. hasn’ She left without saying goodbye to us.
（2）做表语 The best policy is being honest. The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers. （3）做定语 Reading material Walking stick Washing machine
The doctor has been sent for. 已经派人请医生 了。 The meeting will be put off till Friday. 会议要 最迟到星期五。 Women were looked down upon in the past.妇 past.妇 女过去受人轻视。
They found the lecture hard_______. A. to understand B. to be understand C. being understood D. understood 正确答案：A 正确答案：A
He hurried to the hospital, only ______ his father had just died. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 正确答案：B 正确答案：B
（5）做状语 不定式做状语主要表示目地、结果或原因 等。 We live to serve the people heart and soul.我们 soul.我们 或者是为了全心全意为人民服务。 To feel good about yourself, you need to feel good about your work. 为了自我感觉良好，必须对工作感觉良好。
No one can avoid ______by advertisements. A. influenced B. influencing C. to influence D. being influenced 正确答案：D 正确答案：D It is no use _____me not to worry about his injury. A. for you to tell B. your telling C. you tell D. having told 正确答案：B 正确答案：B
（6）做宾语补足语 复合宾语 Advise sb. to do sth, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, expect, encourage, force, get ,hate, help, invite, leave, like, think, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, require, teach, tell, urge, want, warn, wish等。 wish等。
Every means ________but without much result. A. have been tried B. has been tried C. have tried D. has tried 正确答案：B 正确答案：B
Orlando, a city in Florida, _____for its main attraction, Magic Kingdom. A. Which is well known B. being well known C. well known D. is well known 正确答案：D 正确答案：D
（4）做定语 不定式做定语时必须放在被修饰的名词或 代词之后。 He is a pleasant fellow to work with. She was the only one to look after the children. Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common aim.
英语中有些动词可用主动形式表示被动意 义。 The cakes sell quickly.蛋糕卖得很快。 quickly.蛋糕卖得很快。 The car drives easily.这车很容易开。 easily.这车很容易开。
He bought a new mobile phone last Sunday, because his old one____. A. had stolen B. had been stolen C. was stolen D. stolen 正确答案：B 正确答案：B
3. 动名词的时态 动名词的一般式：动词原形+ing 动名词的一般式：动词原形+ing 动名词的完成时：having +过去分词 动名词的完成时：having +过去分词 I regret having told her the news. He is proud of having won the first prize. 4. 动名词的被动语态 Being +过去分词/having been +过去分词 +过去分词/having +过去分词 Respecting others means being respected. After having been interviewed, she was offered the job.
பைடு நூலகம்
（2）做表语 To become a slave is to give up one’s freedom. one’ （3）做宾语 Afford, agree, arrange, care, choose, claim, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, fail, forget, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, threaten等。 threaten等。 He promised not to tell anyone about it. 他保证不跟任何人谈起它。
使役动词不带to. 使役动词不带to. Have, let, make, please 感官动词不带to. 感官动词不带to. Feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch等 watch等 3. 不定式的被动语态 It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.
Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _____today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A. are to challenge B. may be challenged C. have been challenged D. are challenging 正确答案：C 正确答案：C