简单句和并列句
简单句和并列句(二)

比较: 比较: The river is not safe to swim. The river is not safe to swim in. She is pleasant to talk. She is pleasant to talk with.
3) be + 形容词 + to(to 为介词) to( 为介词) 如:similar, equal, dear, close, respectful, sensitive, true, superior, inferior, loyal, sincere, kind, due, accustomed, subject… He is blind to his own mistake. She is indifferent to such trifles. He is opposed to the plan.
方式状语: 方式状语: He faces the accident calmly. She entered the room nervously. He did the work in a casual way. He cooked in the English style. He posted the letter air mail. They dressed the boy cowboy style.
4) be + 形容词 + at clever, pleased, no good, good, surprised, brilliant, better, astonished, puzzled, angry, bad, delighted. He is not expert at English. I am disgusted at his words. She is alarmed at the sound.
简单句,并列句,复合句

简单句、并列句和复合句一句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句:1) 简单句:有时句子虽长, 但只有一个主谓结构, 仍是简单句, 例如:Yesterday we went to an exhibition on the life and work of Lenin, the great revolutionary leader of the working class.有时一个句子有两个(或两个以上)并列的主语或谓语, 也仍然是简单句There he was a leader of the student movement and took an active part in revolutionary work.Both the teachers and the students were very active in physical labour.Comrade Yang and I often study together and help each other.2) 并列句:一个句子如果包含两个或更多的互不依从的主谓结构, 就称为并列句。
He was always close to the people, and the people loved him.I didn't make any mistakes in the test, but my handwriting was poor.Some are walking by the lake, others are sitting on the benches and chatting.并列的各个部分(即各个主谓结构)称为分句。
各个分句用并列连词(如and, but 等)连接;在上下文紧密联系的情况下也可不用连词, 而以逗号隔开(如上面第三句)。
3) 复合句:I hope (希望) you will help me with my grammar. (作宾语)He took full notes while he read. (作状语)My idea is that we go by bicycle. (作表语)这种作为一个句子成分的主谓结构称为从句(以别于主句,即全句的主要部分)。
英语:简单句和并列句

1) Light travels faster than sound.
光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)
2) The film is rather boring.
这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)
要特别注意陈述句的否定结构
首先,否定转移:主句谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess 等表“认为” 的动词时,宾语 从句的否定习惯上前移到主句谓语上. 例如:1) I don’t think I know you. 2) She doesn’t believe you are wrong. 注意: hope 不在此列. 误: I don’t hope it will rain. 正: I hope it won’t rain.
4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补 例如: Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。 5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾 例如: My mother made me a new dress.
我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
IV. 并列句的常用连词
1. 我们常用并列连词and, not only…but also…等
与系动词连用,一起构成谓语,说明主语的性质特征等。 常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、短语或从句等充当。 英语中常见的连系动词有: look; sound; feel; seem等。
例如:
1. Her grandfather is an engineer. 2. The two countries were at war then. 3. The fact seems that he didn’t notice the car.
简单句并列句

一.简单句(一个主谓结构)基本句型:英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的一.简单句1)主+ 动(SV)例如:I work. 我工作。
2)主+ 动+ 表(SVP)例如:John is busy. 约翰忙。
3)主+ 动+ 宾(SVO)例如:She studies English. 她学英语。
4)主+ 动+ 宾+ 补(SVOC)例如:Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
5)主+ 动+ 间宾+ 直宾(SVOiOd)例如:My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
二.并列句由并列连词连接、含有两个或更多主谓结构的句子叫并列句。
≧两个主谓结构:分句+并列连词+分句常见的并列连词有:and, or, but, while, for, so, neither, nor;both …and, either…or, neither…nor, as well as, not only…but also;一、表示转折对比关系的并列连词1. but 但是,可是,而,却连接两个简单句,连接两个并列成分,可以放在一个句子的句首,后面不接逗号。
例:I hope you don't mind me asking, but where did you buy those shoes?2. yet 但是;尽管如此可连接两个句子,用逗号分开,也可在yet前加and,还可以放在一个句子的句首。
例:The car is old, yet it is in good condition. 这辆车旧了,但车况很好。
3. while 而,但是,可是,却while作连词用时,可表示前后鲜明的对比。
例:I love strong tea while my father loves coffee.二、表示因果关系的并列连词1. for 因为由并列连词for引导的分句常置于句子后部,而且常用逗号与前面的分句隔开。
简单句与并列句

简单句与并列句1. 简单句:(1)定义:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句,如:We learn English . 我们学英语。
(一个主语和一个谓语)Both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang are from Beijing .小张和小王都是北京人。
(一个并列主语和一个谓语)He once lived and worked here .他曾经在这里居住和工作过。
(一个主语和一个并列谓语)My father and mother go to work at seven in the morning and come back home at eight in the evening .我父母早上七点上班,晚上八点回家。
(一个并列主语和一个并列谓语)(2)分类:上次我们对简单句按照句子基本结构分出的5种类型做了阐述;另外,根据句子的功能或使用目的,简单句可分四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
2. 并列句:(1)定义:用并列连接词连接起来的两个或两个以上简单句叫做并列句。
(2)并列句的构成:简单句+连接词+简单句(3)连接并列句常用的连接词:and , but , or , so , not only … but also , however , neither…nor , either…or , still等。
eg.I help her and she helps me . 我帮她,她帮我。
He is very old but he is in good health . 他年纪很大了,但他身体很好。
We must hurry or we’ll be late . 我们得赶快走,不然就晚了。
This girl did her work carefully , so she never made any mistakes .这个姑娘工作认真,从不出差错。
简单句与并列句

很多人去过那儿。
7. 由“a pair (a kind, a series…) + of + 复数名词” 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs (kinds…) + of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语 动词用复数形式。如:
表示连接两个同等概 念,常用and, not
only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等 连接。
1.My name is Tom, and my brother’s name is Jack.
2.Not only is he interested in biology, but also his children begin to show interest in it.
【强化练习】
I. 单项选择 1. She had just finished her homework ___A____ her
mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. (2009年福建)
A. when B. while
C. after
+ A number of trees are cut down. 许多树木被砍倒了。
+ The number of students in our class is 32. 我们班学生人数为32.
6. “a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a pile of, piles of, most of) + 名词”和“分数或百分数 + 名词” 等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决 于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词 用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓 语动词用复数形式。如:
简单句和并列句

@《创新设计》
5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 (1)宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的,直接跟在宾语之后。 (2)作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可 以用作宾语补足语。 ①要跟名词或形容词作宾语补足语的及物动词有:call,consider,choose,elect, feel,find,get,keep,make,name,paint,push,set,suppose,think,turn等。 ②动词不定式作宾语补足语的三种情况 ·要跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有:ask,expect,force,get,order, permit,persuade,tell,want,warn等。
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@《创新设计》
·要跟不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有have,make,let,listen to,hear,notice,see, watch,feel ·动词help后作宾补的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。 I would like you to join our school’s table tennis team. 我想让你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。 Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. 你的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。 In fact,he inspires me to major in English in college. 事实上,他鼓励我在大学主修英语。
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@《创新设计》
(2)表语多为形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。 Tang Poetry is what we are going to learn the next class,scheduled on July 20 in the school library. 唐诗是我们下一节课将要学习的内容,定于7月20日在学校图书馆进行。 This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. 对于更多的人来说这确实是观看它们的一次好机会。 The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. 我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。
简单句和并列句

简单句和并列句一.简单句的定义只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句。
它起着下述四种作用中的一种:(1)作一种陈述;(2)提出一个问题;(3)发出一种命令或请求;(4)表示一种感叹;如: Mr. Brown teaches this class. (布朗先生教这个班。
) (陈述)Do you understand me?(你理解我的意思吗?) (提问)Open the door.(开门) (命令)What a lovely day it is.(多么好的天气啊!) (感叹)二.简单句的分类:(一)根据句子的基本结构简单句可分为5种基本句型。
1.主语+连系动词+表语如:The weather is cold. (天气很冷。
)The plant seems dead.(那植物好象死了。
)The child soon fell asleep.(那孩子很快睡着了。
)Roses smells sweet.(玫瑰花有香味。
)注意:1.常见的连系动词有:be(am; is; are/ was; were); smell;(闻起来) sound;(听起来); look(看起来)seem; (看起来)appear;(看起来);keep;(保持;keep fit;(保持健康)) stay;(保持);stay clean;(保持干净);remain;(保持);remain calm;(保持镇静)go;(变得);go wrong;出毛病) get; (变得);get angry;(生气)become; grow;(变成);grow dark;(变黑) feel;(摸起来) turn; 变得);turn green; (变绿)prove;(被证明)His theory proves true.他的理论被证明是真的。
) come;(成为)His dreams come true.他的梦想成真。
);fall(变成);he fell ill. 他病了。
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句子的种类第一节简单句一、简单句(Simple Sentences)的定义只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫做简单句。
He learns German.他学德语。
(一个主语和一个谓语)Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。
(一个并列主语和一个谓语)We sang and danced yesterday evening.昨天晚上我们唱歌跳舞。
(一个主语和一个并列调语)My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and back home at seven in the evening.我和哥哥早上7:30去上学,晚上7:00回家。
(一个并列主语和一个并列谓语)二、简单句的种类(-)根据句子的基本结构分根据句子的基本结构简单句分为5种句型1.主语十连系动词十表语The weather is very cold.天气很冷。
She felt happy她感到很愉快。
Please keep silent!请安静!My father is a physics teacher.我父亲是一个物理老师。
The Lijiang River looks especially beautiful in the early morning. 漓江在清晨看上去格外美丽。
2.主语十不及物动词Winter is coming.冬天来了。
His father has gone abroad.他父亲出国了。
The baby is crying in the next room.婴儿在隔壁房间里哭。
He works in a big company.他在一家大公司工作。
We have lived in the city for ten years.我们在这座城市已生活了10年。
3.主语十及物动词十宾语I like popular music.我喜欢流行音乐。
She knows what to do next.她知道下一步做什么。
I usually do my homework at home in the evening.我通常晚上在家做功课。
He began learning English ten years ago.他10年前开始学英语。
He has decided to work harder at English.他决定更努力学习英语。
4.主语十及物动词十间接宾语十直接宾语He teaches us chemistry.他教我们化学。
Please tell me your telephone number.请告诉我你的电话号码。
Father bought me a new bicycle.父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。
The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.农民正在教那个男孩怎样种树。
This gave us great encouragement.这给了我们很大的鼓舞。
5.主语十及物动词十宾语十宾语补足语They won’t let me go.他们不让我走。
We must keep the room clean.我们必须保持房间干净。
When he came in,he found the old man dead.他进来时发现老人死了。
He likes to watch the boys playing football.他喜欢看男孩们踢足球。
Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.昨天我和两个美国人一起照了相。
(二)根据句子的目的分根据句子的目的简单句分为4种句型1.陈述句(Declarative Sentences):用来叙述一项事实。
(1)基本结构:主语十谓语十……The earth turns around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
He often talks English.他常讲英语。
注:there be句型和某些句型中主语和谓语有倒装现象。
如:There are 12 months in a year.一年有12个月。
Hardly had the plane landed when the people ran toward it.飞机几乎没有着陆,人们就朝它跑去了。
(2)否定结构:主语十谓语(be,have或助动词,情态动词十not)+……China is not a developed country.中国不是一个发达国家。
He has not finished the experiment.他还没有做完实验。
He will not come to the party because of his illness.因为生病,他将不参加晚会。
当谓语由行为动词单独构成时,其否定结构为:“主语十do(does或did)+not十动词原形十……”He did not go to the cinema last night.昨晚他没有去看电影。
Do not waste your money.不要浪费钱。
He does not speak French.他不说法语。
注:never,hardly,scarcely,neither,nor,no,none,nothing,nobody等词表示否定意义。
这些词所构成的句子相当于否定句,无需再加“not”。
如:I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。
We could hardly(或scarcely)understand his English.我们几乎听不懂他的英语。
None of the answers is(或are)correct.所有的答案都不正确。
Nothing will prevent him from carrying out the plan.没有任何事情能阻止他执行这项计划。
2.疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)用来提出疑问,句末用问号“?”。
疑问句的语序一般都部分倒装,即把谓语中的be(如is,are等)、助动词或情态动词等放到主语之前。
当谓语由行为动词单独构成时,则须在主语前面加助动词do(或does,did等)。
疑问句有下列4种形式:(1)一般疑问句(General Questions)通常要求用yes或no来回答,句末通常用升调。
如:Are you in Senior Grade One?你是在高中一年级吗?Is there anybody in the room?房间里有人吗?Does he speak English?他说英语吗?Have you considered our plan?你考虑过我们的计划了吗?注1:对一般疑问句进行肯定回答,除了可以用yes之外,还可以用下列词语:certainly(一定),of course (当然),please do(请便好了),with pleasure(好的),if you please(随你便),quite so(相当对),exactly(正是如此),quite right(完全对),I think so(我想是这样的),yes,if you like(是啊,随意好了),by all means(完全可以,务必这样)等。
注2:英语用否定句形式提问时,回答仍可把它视为肯定句形式的问句来回答。
但译成汉语时,差别很大。
如:Haven’t you been to the United States?你没有去过美国吧?Yes,I have.不,我去过。
No,I haven’t.是,我没去过。
(2)特殊疑问句(Special Questions)疑问词出现在疑问句之前构成特殊疑问句,句末通常用降调。
这时句子中主语、谓语仍按一般疑问句结构的特点,需要部分倒装,但当主语是疑问代词或受疑问词修饰时,主语、谓语则不倒装。
如:What is the reason for your being late?你迟到的原因何在?(句中what作表语)Where are you going?你上哪去?How long have you studied English?你学英语有多久了?Who has read the book?谁读过这本书?Which English books were bought by you yesterday?你昨天买了那些英语书?注1:如果特殊疑问句中插入类似一般疑问句形式出现的插入句,则特殊疑问句本身的主语、谓语仍按正常陈述语序排列,不用倒装。
如:How many English novels did she say she had read?她说她读过几本英文小说?(句中did she say为插入句,特殊疑问句中的主语she 和助动词had为正常语序)What do you think should be done first?你认为应该先做什么?do you think为插入句)注2:名词从句(如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)用疑问词引导时,其后面的主语、谓语不必倒装,因为这不是问句,不要求对方回答。
如:When we’ll leave for Beijing has not been decided yet.我们什么时候去北京还没有决定。
(主语从句中we’ll leave为正常语序)I wonder why he failed in the physics exam.我不知道他物理考试为什么不及格。
(宾语从句中he failed为正常语序)That was how they won the football match.他们就是这样赢得这场足球比赛的。
(表语从句中they won为正常语序)(3)选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)句型结构和一般疑问句相同,只是句子中用连词or提供两个或更多个选择方案。
语调通常前升后降。
如:Are you doing this exercise or that one?你在做这道练习还是做那道?Will you go out or stay here?你是出去还是留在这里?Do you work in Guilin or Manning?你在桂林还是在南宁工作?(4)反意疑问句(Disjunctive Questions)提问者先提出情况和看法,然后问对方是否同意。