2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：94
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：89
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Parents often fall into the trap of offering other food in order to（） the child to eat. 问题1选项A.temptB.manipulateC.incenseD.escort【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
tempt “吸引，诱使”；manipulate “操作，操控”；incense “使激怒”；escort“护送，陪同”。
句意：家长们常常陷入困境，通过别的食物来吸引孩子好好吃饭。
选项A符合句意。
2.翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.In the U.S., citizens tend to rely on electronic media such as TV rather than print media. TV news tends to provide numerous visuals and abbreviated textual information. (1) Although TV news stories pitch “on-the-scene reporting”, and other eye-catching images to viewers, the actual stories are generally so brief that were the reports transcribed into newspaper copy, no single story would have enough text to cover a third of a page. It is remarkable to consider how little information is conveyed between all the exciting visuals. (2) It is also remarkable to stop and think about how inadequately informed citizens may be if their primary source of political knowledge is the picture-rich and data-poor TV evening news. Moreover, because U.S. media companies are primarily privately owned, (3) media professionals are under pressure to present news in an entertaining way in order to expand their audiences and corresponding advertising revenues. Large audiences create higher profits from advertising sales. With a few exceptions, U.S. TV and radio stations are like other businesses: They need to generate money to cover operating costs and make profits. If media professionals are convinced that viewers want entertaining news rather than in-depth details, this assumption affects the kind of news they produce. Not surprisingly, political scientists have found that news coverage of election campaigns tends to focus on the personal lives of candidates rather than on issues, and (4) when issues are reported the emphasis is often on the immediate and most dramatic implications of the issues, not on the historical, long-term, or global dimensions of those issues.At the same time, insofar as television and Internet-based news must be generated quickly, time pressures impede extensive independent investigations. Because U.S. citizens conceptualize news as something occurring by the hour or minute, U.S. media professionals are often putting together news stories under severe time restraints. (5) Some analysts believe that this increases the tendency of reporters to get information from official sources rather than from the reporters’ own independent investigations of newsworthy events. Think about this issue from the standpoint of reporters and editors. If you are a reporter assigned the task of doing a story on a state’s new prison system, for example, you will find it is quicker and easier to get a governor’s press release on the new prison than it is to go to libraries, data banks, and university research centers to investigate the topic on your own. This does not suggest that investigative journalism never occurs; rather, many scholars believe that time pressures tend to encourage the use of information provided by official sources (for example, political leaders and their press secretaries) rather than the collection of facts through ongoing independent research.【答案】【参考译文】（1）虽然电视新闻故事多推崇“现场报道”或者其他吸人眼球的形象，但是实际上这些故事通常都很简短，要是把这些报道转写成报纸版面的话，它们任何一个都占不了三分之一的版面。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：100
2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be （） from school.问题1选项A.inducedB.disobeyedC.expelledD.forbidden【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。
选项A, B, D都不能与介词from搭配应用。
be expelled from school意为被学校开除, 符合句意。
句意：酗酒、吸烟、经常旷课的青少年更有可能被学校开除。
2.单选题At the press conference, the Prime Minister（）the government’s refusal to compromise with terrorists.问题1选项A.rectifiedB.recitedC.rekindledD.reiterated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
rectify“调整，矫正”；recite “背诵，叙述”；rekindle “复燃”；reiterate “重申，重复”。
句意：在记者招待会上，首相重申了政府拒绝向恐怖分子妥协这一申明。
选项D符合题意。
3.单选题Why be（）about that old coat? There’s no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.sensibleC.sentimentalD.sensational【答案】C【解析】be sentimental about sth.为固定搭配，意为“对....很伤感”。
4.单选题The aim of the president’s speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the great necessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that（）terrorists.问题1选项A.kidnappedB.harassedC.heckledD.harbored【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：100
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Russia’s economy — until recently one of the fastest growing in Europe — is in dire straits. Traditional industries such as steel are hurting badly. The decade-long consumer boom has turned into a slump as unemployment soars. The government has cash to spend after years of sensible budget policies, but the central bank will be forced to keep interest rates high as long as inflation is stuck in double digits and trust in the ruble remains shaky.The reversal in Russia’s economic fortunes is particularly pain ful. Since 1998 — the year of Russia’s last financial crisis —the economy has expanded eight-fold. As oil prices rocketed, so did the country’s self-confidence. Not content with presiding over the economic boom, the President Vladimir Putin vowed to resto re his country’s great power status. Talks about a partnership with the West gave way to belligerent statements about a new Cold War. In the summer of 2008, Russian tanks trundled into Georgia. In early 2009, a dispute with neighboring Ukraine led Russia to cut off gas flows, leaving people in some European Union countries freezing and factories idle. Most Europeans want to see Russia stable and well-off. But they also believe that the economic crisis might bring opportunities for a political rapprochement. Some hope that the recession might just make the Russian leadership a little more humble or at least trigger reforms that would make it easier for the E. U. to strengthen trade and investment links.But while Russia’s relations with the U. S. have been th awing since Barack Obama took over the White House, E. U.-Russia relations remain frosty. Talks about a new bilateral treaty on political and economic cooperation have made little headway. Hopes for a free trade agreement between Brussels and Moscow have withered after Russia put its application for membership in the World Trade Organization on ice. E. U. -Russia energy cooperation remains stuck, which increases the risk of yet another gas crisis. Europeans have responded to Moscow’s ideas about constructin g a “new European security architecture” with a distinct lack of enthusiasm. Most importantly, perhaps, Russia is incensed about E. U. efforts to draw the countries that lie between the E. U. and Russia closer into its orbit. Russia has traditionally regarded Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and other former Soviet states along its border as its “privileged sphere of influence”,in the words of President Dmitry Medvedev. The E. U.’s new “Eastern Partnership” initiative, launched in May, offers these countries econo mic integration and stronger political ties. Although the E. U. has shied away from talking about the prospect of membership,however distant, it hopes to help its eastern neighbors to become richer, more stable and more democratic. This would leave them better equipped to withstand Russian meddling and bullying.Moscow is particularly unhappy about the E. U.’s offer to include Belarus — traditionally a staunch Moscow ally —in the Eastern Partnership, albeit on the condition that Minsk improve its shoddy human-rights record. When the E. U. recently offered a multibillion-dollar loan to help modernize the Ukrainian pipeline system — conduit for 70% of Russian gas sales to Europe 一 Russian leaders were furious. Moscow has also tried to foil European attempts to build stronger energy links with Azerbaijan. Potential for conflict exists in Georgia, where E. U. observers are the only ones left after Russia force Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and United Nations’ monitors to leave Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Wary of ceding influence to Europe, the Russians have stepped up efforts to maintain their traditional fighting weight in the region. They have given large loans to neighbors hit by the economic crisis and sought to strengthen regional security and economic organizations that tie their neighbors closer to Moscow. They have also taken a more hands-on approach to “frozen conflicts” in Moldova and the Caucasus to keep neighboring governments on their toes.E. U. officials like to insist that its eastern policy does not clash with Russian interests in their common neighborhood. They have asked Russia to take part in some regional initiatives such as an effort to strengthen energy security. So far, though, Russia has refused to play ball. But the E. U. cannot simply pull back and allow Russia to dominate Eastern Europe. It must stick firmly to its objective of helping its neighbors to decide their own destiny. If Europe is to remain credible, there is no other course worth pursuing.1.Which of the following titles would best describe this article?2.Which of the following words best describes the tone of the passage?3.For the author, which of the following adjectives best describes President Putin’s attitude?4.What does the phrase “on their toes” m ean?5.For the author, which of the following should be considered a top priority to ensure peace and stability in Eastern Europe?问题1选项A.Europe and Russia’s Continental Rift.B.Russia’s Geopolitical Role.C.Financial and Economic Mayhem in Russia.D.Crisis Averted between Russia and E .U.问题2选项A.Argumentative.B.Satirical.C.Objective.D.Critical.问题3选项A.Diplomatic.B.Pugnacious.C.Pusillanimous.D.Infantile.问题4选项A.To render neighboring governments impotent.B.To weaken the resolve of the neighboring governments.C.To keep the neighboring governments on a state of constant alert.D.To gain the support of the neighboring governments.问题5选项A.The E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B.Russia’s new se curity and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C.Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D.E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B.Russia’s new security and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C.Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D.E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B.Russia’s new security and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C.Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D.E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B. Russia’s new security and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C. Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D.E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B. Russia’s new security and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C. Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D. Bilateral contacts between Russia and individual E.U. member states reinforce rather than undermine common E .U. objectives.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第34期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Most of it is fugitive, but here and therein high-level journalism, in television, in the cinema, in commercial fiction, in westerns and detective stories, and in plain, expository prose — some writing, almost by accident, achieves an aesthetic satisfaction, a depth and relevance that entitle it to stand with other examples of the art of literature.问题1选项A.plausibleB.consequentialC.prudentialD.temporary【答案】D【解析】划线词fugitive说明主语状态，后面以一长串but here and therein high-level journalism, in television, in the cinema, in commercial fiction, in westerns and detective stories, and in plain, expository prose补充说明主语出现在各种文学形式中，说明主语是“无常的”。
A选项plausible“看似可信的；巧言令色的”；B选项consequential“间接的；结果的；自傲的”；C选项prudential“谨慎的；明辨的”；D选项temporary“临时的；暂时的”，D选项符合题意。
2.单选题Gender-based violence encompasses a wide range of human rights violations, including sexual abuse of children, rape, domestic violence, sexual assault and harassment, trafficking of women and girls and several harmful traditional practices.问题1选项A.batteringB.tradingC.veneratingD.craving【答案】B【解析】句意：基于性别的暴力包括广泛的侵犯人权行为，包括对儿童的性虐待、强奸、家庭暴力、性侵犯和骚扰、……妇女和女童以及若干有害的传统做法。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第55期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题It was （）the last time around the track （）I really kicked it in—passing the gossiping girlfriends, blocking out the whistles of boys who had already completed their run and now were hanging out on the grassy hill, I ran---pushing hard, breathing shallowly, knowing full well that I was going to have to hear about it from my disapproving friends for the next few days.问题1选项A.not until...whenB.not until...thatC.until...whenD.until...that【答案】B【解析】由选项及题干可知本题考查“not…until…”强调句型“It is/was not until … that…”，因此B选项符合题意。
2.单选题According to the Koran, it was on a Tuesday that Allah created darkness. Last September 11, when suicide pilots were crashing commercial airliners into crowded American buildings, I did not have to look to the calendar to see what day it was: Dark Tuesday was casting its long shadow across Manhattan and along the Potomac River. I was also not surprised that despite the seven or so trillion dollars that we have spent since 1950 on what is euphemistically called “defense,” th ere would have been no advance warning from the FBI or CIA or Defense Intelligence Agency.While the Bushites have been eagerly preparing for the last war but two—missiles from North Korea, clearly marked with flags, would rain down on Portland, Oregon, only to be intercepted by our missile-shield balloons—the foxy Osama bin Laden knew that all he needed for his holy war on the infidel were fliers willing to kill themselves along with those random passengers who happened to be aboard hijacked airliners.For several decades there has been an unrelenting demonization of the Muslim world in the American media. Since I am a loyal American, I am not supposed to tell you why this has taken place, but then it is not usual for us to examine why anything happens; we simply accuse others of motiveless malignity. “We are good,” G.W. proclaims, “They are evil,” which wraps that one up in a neat package. Later, Bush himself put, as it were, the bow on the package in an address to a joint session of Congress where he shared with them—as well as with the rest of us some-where over the Beltway—his profound knowledge of Islam's wiles and ways: “They hate what they see right here in this Chamber.” I suspect a million Americans nodded sadly in front of their TV sets. “Their lead ers are self-appointed. They hate our freedoms, our freedom of religion, our freedom of speech, our freedom to vote and assemble and disagree with each other.” At this plangent moment what American's gorge did not rise like a Florida chad to the bait?A member of the Pentagon Junta, Rumsfeld, a skilled stand-up comic, daily made fun of a large group of “journalists” on prime-time TV. At great, and often amusing, length, Rummy tells us nothing about our losses and their losses. He did seem to believe that the sentimental Osama was holed up in a cave on the Pakistan border instead of settled in a palace in Indonesia or Malaysia, two densely populated countries where he is admired and we are not. In any case, never before in our long history of undeclared unconstitutional wars have we, the American people, been treated with such impish disdain—so many irrelevant spear carriers to be highly taxed (those of us who are not rich) and occasionally invited to participate in the odd rigged poll.The Bush administration, though eerily inept in all but its principal task, which is to exempt the rich from taxes, has casually torn up most of the treaties to which civilized nations subscribe—like the Kyoto Accords or the nuclear missile agreement with Russia. The Bushites go about their relentless plundering of the Treasury and now, thanks to Osama, Social Security (a supposedly untouchable trust fund), which, like Lucky Strike green, has gone to a war currently costing us $3 billion a month. They have also allowed the FBI and CIA either to run amok or not budge at all, leaving us, the very first “indispensable” and—at popular request—last global empire, rather like the Wizard of Oz doing his odd pretend-magic tricks while hoping not to be found out. Meanwhile, G.W. booms, “Ei ther you are with us or you are with the Terrorists.” That's known as asking for it.1.The author believes that America's defense spending （）.2.The author uses the term “rigged poll” to（）.3.In the essay, President George W Bush's use of dichotomy is portrayed as（）.4.The use of the term “Pentagon junta” indicates the author's belief that（）.5.When the author mentions the Tresury, Social Security, the FBI, and the CIA, he intends to highlight the fact that（）.问题1选项A.a.protects the national securityB.is good for humanityC.primarily fights terrorD.is a misnomer问题2选项A.cast doubt upon the voting processB.refer to public opinion pollsC.remind the reader of political corruptionD.add humor to an otherwise serious article问题3选项A.jingoistic and rationalB.misleading and simplisticC.well-considered and politically expedientD.effective rhetoric that will stand the test of time问题4选项A.the Pentagon has transformed into a populist political machineB.the leaders of America's military establishment were overrepresented in Bush's White HouseC.the military-industrial complex has taken control of America's political processD.journalists have not been able to get solid information from the Bush administration问题5选项A.war-related expenses are like magic tricksB.America is spending harmful amounts of money on “security”C.it is difficult to fund the American empireD.America's empire is not popular, but it may be necessary to maintain “security”.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：50
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Translate the underlined sentences into good Chinese.The American tradition has found this view of human history repugnant and false.（1）This tradition sees the world as many, not as one. These empirical instincts, the preference for fact over logic, for deed over dogma, have found their most brilliant expression in the writings of William James and in the approach to philosophical problems which James called “radical empiricism”. Against the belief in the all-encompassing power of a single explanation, against the commitment to the absolutism of ideology, against the notion that all answers to political and social problems can be found in the back of some sacred book, against the deterministic interpretation of history, against the closed universe,（2）James stood for what he called the unfinished universe ― a universe marked by growth, variety, ambiguity, mystery, and contingency ― a universe where free men may find partial truths, but where no mortal man will ever get an absolute grip on Absolute Truth, a universe where social progress depends not on capitulation to a single, all-consuming body of doctrine, but on the unforced intercourse of unconstrained minds.Thus ideology and pragmatism differ radically in their views of history. They differ just as radically in their approach to issues of public policy. The ideologist, by mistaking models for reality, always misleads as to the possibilities and consequences of public decision. The history of the twentieth century is a record of the manifold ways in which humanity has been betrayed by ideology.Let us take an example from contemporary history.（3）It is evident now, for example, that the choice between private and public means, that choice which has obsessed so much recent political and economic discussion in underdeveloped countries, is not a matter of religious principle. It is not a moral issue to be decided on absolutist grounds, either by those on the right who regard the use of public means as wicked and sinful, or by those on the left who regard the use of private means wicked and sinful. It is simply a practical question as to which means can best achieve the desired end. It is a problem to be answered not by theology but by experience and experiment. Indeed, I would suggest that we might well banish some overloaded words from intellectual discourse. They belong to the vocabulary of demagoguery, not to the vocabulary of analysis.So, with the invention of the mixed society, pragmatism has triumphed over absolutism. As a consequence, the world is coming to understand that the mixed economy offered the instrumentalities through which one can unite social control with individual freedom. But ideology is a drug; no matter how much it is exposed by experience, the craving for it still persists. That craving will, no doubt, always persist, so long as there is human hunger for an all-embracing, all-explanatory system, so long indeed as political philosophy is shaped by the compulsion to return to the womb.The oldest philosophical problem, we have noted, is the relationship between the one and the one and the many. Surely the basic conflict of our times is precisely the conflict between those who would reduce the world to one and those who see the world as many—between those who believe that the world is evolving in a single direction, along a single predestined line, toward a single predestined conclusion, and those who think that humanity in the future, as in the past, will continue to evolve in diverse directions, toward diverse conclusions, according to the diverse traditions, values, and purposes of diverse peoples. It is a choice, in short, between dogmatism and pragmatism, between the theological society and the experimental society.Ideologists are afraid of the free flow of ideas, even of deviant ideas within their own ideology. They are convinced they have a monopoly on the Truth. Therefore they always feel that they are only saving the world when they slaughter the heretics.（4）Their objective remains that of making the world over in the image of their dogmatic ideology. The goal is a monolithic world, organized on die principle of infallibility — but the only certainty in an absolute system is the certainty of absolute abuse.The goal of free men is quite different. Free men know many truths, but they doubt whether any mortal man knows the Truth. Their religious and their intellectual heritage join in leading them to suspect fellow men who lay claim to infallibility. They believe that there is no greater delusion than for man to mistake himself for God.（5）They accept the limitations of the human intellect and the infirmity of the human spirit. The distinctive human triumph, in their judgment, lies in the capacity to understand the frailty of human striving but to strive nonetheless.【答案】1.这种传统将世界看成“多”，而不是“一”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：14
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The police [A]had decided not to proceed with a prosecution against Irwin, [B]clearly recognizing that it was highly unlikely that any jury in the land [C]would wish to punish him for doing something that doctors have long done in the final moments of a [D]patient’s or friend’s lives.问题1选项A.had decidedB.clearly recognizingC.would wishD.patient’s or friend’s lives【答案】D【解析】考查名词用法。
D选项处a patient’s 和 a friend’s中间是or，因此后面的life为单数形式，应把lives改为life。
2.单选题The French mathematician de Laplace next reasoned that if enough mass （）added to a star like the sun, the gravitational force of the star（） eventually prevent light particles from leaving it; it would therefore “blink out” and become an invisible black star.问题1选项A.were...wouldB.was...wouldC.was...would haveD.were...would have【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：63
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He doesn’t know much about politics,but he’s always shooting off his mouth about how good he is. He is somewhat of a/an（）.问题1选项A.dogmatistB.adventurerC.braggartD.humbler【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项dogmatist“教条主义者；独断家”；B选项adventurer“冒险家”；C选项braggart“吹牛者；好自夸者”；D选项humbler“谦虚的人”。
句意：他不了解政治，但他总脱口而出夸赞自己有多好。
他多少是个……。
C选项符合题意。
2.单选题The truth about alliances and their merit probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics.问题1选项A.collaborationB.worthC.triumphD.defect【答案】B【解析】merit“优点，价值，功绩”。
A选项collaboration“合作，勾结”；B选项worth“价值，财产”；C选项triumph“生理，凯旋”；D选项defect“缺点，不足之处”。
B选项与merit“价值”这一意思相近，因此B选项符合题意。
3.单选题Cultural continuities with Africa were not dependent on importation and （）of specific folktales in their pristine form.问题1选项A.perpetuationB.perceptibilityC.perpetrationD.perplexity【答案】A【解析】考查形近名词辨析。
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2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Legally,the term refers to “any substance, with [A]intended use, which results or may reasonably expected to result—directly or indirectly—[B]from its becoming a component or [C]otherwise affecting the characteristics of any food” . This definition include s any substance used in the production, processing, [D]treatment, packaging, transportation orstorage of food.问题1选项A.intendedB.fromC.otherwise affectingD.treatment【答案】D【解析】考查语义。
D选项treatment“处理，待遇”与其前面的processing“加工”在词义上是重复的，应删除。
2.单选题Alternatively, it can be presented by a careful arrangement of objective facts, where psychological development is described purely in terms of behavior, and where the reader’s subjective response is elicited by the minute descriptions of physical reality, as in the greatest Chinese novels like The Dream of the Red Chamber, which convinces the reader that through the novel he is seeing reality itself rather than an artfully contrived semblance of reality.问题1选项A.appearanceB.criticismC.occurrenceD.contrast【答案】A【解析】句中引用了红楼梦，说到它让读者相信自己通过小说看到的是现实本身，划线部分是对比，而不是现实的……。
可知semblance应表示“假象；表象”等含义。
A选项appearance“外貌；露面”；B选项criticism“批评；考证”；C选项occurrence“发生；出现；事件”；D选项contrast“对比；反差”。
因此A选项符合题意。
3.单选题Gender-based violence encompasses a wide range of human rights violations, including sexual abuse of children, rape, domestic violence, sexual assault and harassment, trafficking of women and girls and several harmful traditional practices.问题1选项A.batteringB.tradingC.veneratingD.craving【答案】B【解析】句意：基于性别的暴力包括广泛的侵犯人权行为，包括对儿童的性虐待、强奸、家庭暴力、性侵犯和骚扰、……妇女和女童以及若干有害的传统做法。
A选项battering“重创；连续打击”；B选项trading“交易；贸易”；C选项venerating“崇敬；尊敬”；D选项craving“渴望；热望”。
因为句中所列问题都属于侵犯人权行为，因此B选项“贩卖妇女”符合句意。
4.单选题I feel that we must respect this point of view and accept the conviction of the many people who hold it, because that is how they feel about life and morality.问题1选项A.beliefB.culpabilityC.offenseD.therapy【答案】A【解析】句意：我认为我们必须尊重这一观点，并接受许多持这种观点的人的……，因为这是他们对生活和道德的看法。
后句原因中说明划线词代表一种看法。
A选项belief“信念；信仰”；B选项culpabi lity“有罪；有过失”；C选项offense“犯罪；过错”；D选项therapy“治疗；疗法”。
与“看法”相符合的只有A选项。
5.单选题In describing the Indians of the various sections of the United States at different stages in their history,some of the factors which account for their similarity amid difference can be readily accounted for, others are difficult to（）.问题1选项A.refineB.discernC.embedD.cluster【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项refine“精炼；改善”；B选项discern“觉察出；识别”；C选项embed“栽种；使嵌入”；D选项cluster“使聚集”。
句意：在描述不同历史阶段美国不同地区的印第安人时，一些说明印第安人差异中的相似处的因素可以很容易地加以说明，另一些就难以……。
由此可知，我们需要找出的是account for的同义词，选项中只有B选项意义接近，因此B选项符合题意。
6.单选题This idea, in the avowed pantheism of Spinoza, was suffered to lapse during the 18th century, was revived again by Lessing and Herder, and became one of the central ideas of the great Romantic and Hegelian movements in Germany in the 19th century.问题1选项A.ceaseB.thriveC.supersedeD.deplete【答案】A【解析】句意：斯宾诺莎宣扬的泛神论中提出的这一思想在18世纪遭到了……，莱辛和赫尔德又重新提出了这一思想，它成为了19世纪德国伟大的浪漫主义和黑格尔运动的核心思想之一。
A选项cease“停止；结束”；B选项thrive“繁荣；兴旺”；C选项supersede“取代”；D选项deplete“耗尽；使衰竭”。
句中既然说到“重新提出”，说明在18 世纪这一思想是被终止或禁止传播的。
因此A选项符合题意。
7.单选题In addition, findings reveal that males receive more teacher attention than females, boysreceive more specific comments about their academic performance, [A]that there are differences [B]favoring males in task assignment, in [C]teacher’s expectation of student’s behavior based on gender, as well as in such areas as overall curriculum design, classroom activities, and educational tracking (particularly in math, science, vocational courses, [D]and extracurricular activities).问题1选项A.that there are differencesB.favoring males inC.teacher’s expectation of student’s behaviorD.and extracurricular activities【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。
表示某方面有区别时，应使用there are differences in…，B和C选项应为并列关系，B选项前少了一个in。
8.单选题The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds （）his arguments in favour of the new theory.问题1选项A.to be based onB.to base onC.which to base onD.on which to base【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。
base on“基于”，which指代先行词sufficient grounds。
base on 中的介词on前置，因此D选项符合题意。
9.单选题Sex and violence on television are called （）by people who feel that they serve no purpose other than to improve ratings.问题1选项A.gratifiedB.gratuityC.ingratiatingD.gratuitous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项gratified“称心的”；B选项gratui ty“赏钱；小费”，名词；C选项ingratiating“讨好的；逢迎的”；D选项gratuitous“无理由的；无端的”。
句意：电视上的性和暴力被认为它们除了提高收视率没有任何作用的人称之为……。
C选项符合题意。
10.单选题With all these arts and pursuits of practical life, the intellectual business of thinking —of such thinking at least as is common to most men — and of communicating thought, has a sort of affinity and resemblance. For, unquestionably, it is one among the many problems of philosophy to establish a wise economy and prudent stewardship of that ever-shifting mass of incoming and outgoing thoughts which make up our intellectual estate and property. And this is the more necessary the greater are the treasures of thought possessed by our age. For, in the highly rapid interchange of and traffic in ideas, which is carrying on, the receipts and disbursements are not always duly balanced. There is much cause, therefore, to fear lest a thoughtless and lavish dissipation of the noblest mental endowments should become prevalent, or a false and baseless credit-system in thought spring up amid an absolute deficiency of a solid and permanent capital safely invested in fundamental ideas and lasting truths. As forthe second simile: I should, by all means, wish to gain a victory, not indeed for you, but with you, over some of the many errors and many semblances of thought, which are, however, but cheats and counterfeits which distract the minds of the present generation, disturb the harmony of life, and banish peace even from the intellectual world. And as respects the third illustration: I should indeed rejoice as having, in a great measure, attained my object, if only I shall succeed in directing your attention to some star in the higher region of intellect, which hitherto was either totally unknown, or, at least, never before fully observed. But above all, I think it necessary to observe further, that in the same way as philosophy loses sight of its true object and appropriate matter, when either it passes into and merges in theology, or meddles with external politics, so also does it mar its proper form when it attempts to mimic the rigorous method of mathematics. In the middle of the last century scarcely was there to be found a German manual for any of the sciences that did not ape the mathematical style, and where every single position in the long array of interminable paragraphs did not conclude with the solemn act of demonstrative phraseology. But it is also well known that the philosophy which was propounded in this inappropriate form and method was crammed foil of, nay, rather, was hardly anything more than a tissue of arbitrary, now forgotten, hypotheses, which have not brought the world at all nearer to the truth — not at least to that truth which philosophy is in search of, and which is something higher than a mere example of accurate computation. And even in the present day — although, indeed, the application is made in a very different way from formerly — German philosophy is anything but free from those algebraic formularies, in which all things, even the most opposite, admit of being comprised and blended together. But, be it as it may, this elaborate structure of mechanical demonstration can never produce a true, intrinsic, and full conviction. The method which philosophy really requires is quite different, being absolutely internal and intellectual (Geistige). As in a correct architectural structure it is necessary that all its parts should be in unison, and such as the eye can take in easily and agreeably, so in every philosophical communication, the solid simple basis being laid, the arrangement of all the parts, and the careful rejection and exclusion of all foreign matter, is the most essential point, both for internal correctness and external perspicuity. But, in truth, the matter in hand bears a far closer resemblance and affinity to natural objects which live and grow, than to any lifeless edifice of stone; to a great tree, for instance, nobly and beautifully spreading out on all sides in its many arms and branches. As such a tree strikes the hasty and passing glance, it forms a somewhat irregular and not strictly finished whole; there it stands, just as the stem has shot up from the root, and has divided itself into a certain number of branches, and twigs, and leaves, which livingly move backward and forward in the free air. But examine it more closely, and how perfect appears its whole structure! How wonderful the symmetry, how minutely regular the organization of all its parts, even of each little leaf and delicate fiber! In the same way will the ever-growing tree of human consciousness and life appear in philosophy, whenever it is not torn from its roots and stripped of its leaves by a pretended wisdom, but is vividly apprehended by a true science, and exhibited and presented to the mind in its life and its growth.1.The main purpose of the article is （）.2.What is the author’s concern as expressed through the first metaphoric exposition?3.The second concern of the author refers to（）. 4.What is the function of the author’s frequent usage of rhetorical figures of speech?5.In the passage, the author outlines a plea for（）.问题1选项A.to clarify the system of economic theoryB.to suggest a new system of philosophyC.to criticize the system of mathematicsD.to illustrate the systematic dialectics问题2选项A.Random disbursement of proposals and hypothesis.B.A confusion of algebraic formularies.C.An unwarranted loss of appropriate reference.D.Violation of intellectual property rights.问题3选项A.a variegated set of fallaciesB.a cantankerous type of pessimismC.unqualified quackeryD.the proliferation of metaphysics问题4选项A.Definition.B.Clarification.C.Exemplification.D.Illustration.问题5选项A.rigorB.topicalityC.reliabilityD.flexibility【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。