英语六级第2套听力原文.doc
Conversation 1W: Wow! I would give anything to be more like Audrey Hepburn!M:（1）I never really understood why so many girls were such big fans of her. I mean I've seen the famous films, Rome Holiday, breakfast at Tiffany's, and a few others, but I still don't fully get it. Was she that great of an actress?W: Well, for me, my adoration goes beyond her movies. She had such a classic elegance about her. She was always so poised, in part because she spent years training as a ballet dancer before becoming an actress.M: Why didn't she stick to dancing as a career?W: It seems it was fate. (2)She suffered from inadequate nutrition during the war, and therefore a career as a professional dancer would have been too demanding on her body. So she focused on acting instead. Roman Holiday was her first big break which made her a star.M: Was that the film that opened with her shopping for jewelry in New York city, you know, the scene she was wearing a black dress and dark sunglasses with a pearl necklace and long black gloves? I see the photo of her in that costume everywhere.W: No, that one is Breakfast at Tiffany's. That costume is often referred to as the most famous little black dress of all time. (3)Her character in that film is very outgoing and charming, even though in real life Audrey always described herself as shy and quiet.M: So what did she do after her acting career?W: (4)She dedicated much of her life to helping children in need. Her family received international aid during the war when she was growing up. I think that left a big impression on her. That's where I got the idea to volunteer for children's charity next weekend.M: I'll join you. I may not be as charming as Audrey Hepburn, but I'm all for supporting a good cause.对话1Wow, I would give anything to be more like Audrey Hepburn.哇！如果我能变得更像奥黛丽·赫本那样的话，无论让我付出什么我都愿意。
I never really understood why so many girls were such big fans of her.我真的不能理解为什么这么多女孩都那么喜欢她。
I mean I've seen the famous films, Roman Holiday, Breakfast at Tiffany's and a few others, but I still don't fully get it.我的意思是，我看过她的很多著名电影，《罗马假日》、《蒂凡尼的早餐》等，但我还是无法完全理解。
Was she that great an actress?她是那么伟大的女星吗？Well, for me, my adoration goes beyond her movies.好吧，就我而言，我对她的喜欢不仅仅限于其电影。
She has such a classic elegance about her.她有一种堪称经典的优雅。
She was always so poised.她总是那么高雅。
In part, because she spent years training as a ballet dancer before becoming an actress.部分原因是她在成为演员之前有数年时间都在接受芭蕾舞训练。
Why didn't she stick to dancing as a career?为什么她没有将跳舞作为职业呢？It seems it was fate.或许是因为命运吧。
She suffered from inadequate nutrition during the war, and therefore a career as a professional dancer would have been too demanding on her body.她在战时营养不良，如果做职业舞者的话，对她身体的要求就非常高。
So she focused on acting instead.所以她就专注于演戏。
Roman Holiday was her first big break, which made her a star.《罗马假日》是她的第一部爆款，她因此成为明星。
Was that the film that opened with her shopping for jewelry in New York City?那部电影的开头是不是她在纽约买珠宝？You know, the scene she was wearing a black dress and dark sunglasses with a pearl necklace and long black gloves.在那幕里，她穿着黑裙，戴着黑色太阳镜和珍珠项链，还有一副长的黑手套。
I see the photo of her in that costume everywhere.我在任何地方都可以看到她穿着那身衣服的照片。
No, that was Breakfast at Tiffany's.不是的，那是在《蒂凡尼的早餐》。
That costume is often referred to as the most famous little black dress of all time.那身衣服常常被认为是最著名的小黑裙。
Her character in that film is very outgoing and charming, even though in real life, Audrey always described herself as shy and quiet.她在那部电影里非常外向，充满魅力，不过在现实生活中，赫本一直称自己是一个害羞和安静的人。
So, what did she do after her acting career?所以她在演艺生涯结束后做了什么？Woman: She dedicated much of her life to helping children in need.她将大多数时间致力于帮助贫困儿童。
Her family received international aid during the war when she was growing up.在她的成长过程中，她的家庭在战乱时接受了国际援助。
I think that left her big impression on her.我觉得这给她留下了很深的印象。
That's where I got the idea to volunteer for children's charity next weekend.因此我决定下周末为儿童慈善机构做志愿服务。
I'll join you.我想和你一起去。
I may not be as charming as Audrey Hepburn, but I'm all for supporting a good cause.我可能不像赫本那样有魅力，但是我完全支持做善事。
1. What does the man say he never really understood?1. 这位男士说他永远理解不了什么？2. What prevented Audrey Hepburn from becoming a professional dancer?2. 赫本未能成为职业舞者的原因是什么？3. What do we learn about Audrey Hepburn in real life?3. 我们能从赫本的现实生活中知道什么？4. Why did Audrey Hepburn devote much of her life to charity after her acting career?4. 为什么赫本在演艺生涯过后致力于慈善事业？Conversation 2对话2So how is our presentation about the reconstructuring of the company coming along?关于公司结构调整的演示现在做得怎么样了？Fine, I am putting the finishing touches to it now, but we will have to be prepared for questions. 现在已经快要接近完成了，但是我们要准备应对提问。
2023年12月英语六级听力原文含翻译第二套
翻译在最终Conversation OneM: Guess what? The worst food I've ever had was in France.W.Really.That'.odd..though.th.Frenc.wer.al.goo.cooks.M.Yes.That'.right..suppos.it'.reall.lik.anywher.else.though.Yo.kno w.som.place.ar.good.Som.bad.Bu.it'.reall.al.ou.ow.fault.W: What do you mean?M.Well.i.wa.th.firs.tim.I'.bee.t.France.Thi.wa.year.ag.whe..wa.a.sc hool..wen.ther.wit.m.parents.friends.fro.m.father'.school.They'.hire..c oac.t.tak.the.t.Switzerland.W: A school trip?M.Right.Mos.o.the.ha.neve.bee.abroa.before.We'.crosse.th.Englis. Channe.a.night.an.w.se.of.throug.France.an.breakfas.tim.arrived.an.t h.coac.drive.ha.arrange.fo.u.t.sto.a.thi.littl.café.Ther.w.al.were.tire.an.hungry.an.the.w.mad.th.grea.discovery.W: What was that?M: Bacon and eggs.W: Fantastic! The real English breakfast.M.Yes.Anyway.w.didn'.kno.an.better.s.w.ha.it.an.ugh...!W: What was it like? Disgusting?M.Oh.i.wa.incredible.The.jus.go..bow.an.pu.som.fa.i.it.An.the.the.pu.som.baco.i.th.fat.brok.a.eg.ove.th.to.an.pu.th.whol.lo.i.th.ove.fo.a bou.te.minutes.W.I.th.oven.You'r.joking.Yo.can'.coo.baco.an.egg.i.th.oven!M.Well.The.mus.hav.don.i.tha.way.I.wa.hot.bu.i.wasn'.cooked.The r.wa.jus.thi.eg.floatin.abou.i.gallon.o.fa.an.ra.bacon.W: Did you actually eat it?M.No.Nobod.did.The.al.wante.t.tur.roun.an.g.home.Yo.know.bac.t. teabag.an.fis.an.chips.Yo.can'.blam.the.really.Anyway.th.nex.nigh.w. wer.al.give.anothe.foreig.speciality.W: What was that?M.Snails.Tha.reall.finishe.the.off.Lovel.holida.tha.was!Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questio.1.Wha.di.th.woma.thin.o.th.French?Questio.2.Wh.di.th.ma.trave.wit.o.hi.firs.tri.t.Switzerland?Questio.3.Wha.doe.th.ma.sa.abou.th.breakfas.a.th.littl.Frenc.café?Questio.4.Wha.di.th.ma.thin.o.hi.holida.i.France?Conversation TwoM.Yo.sa.you.sho.ha.bee.doin.well.Coul.yo.giv.m.som.ide.o.wha.“doin.well.mean.i.fact.an.figures?W.Well.“doin.well.mean.averagin.￡1,lio.pounds.An.“s.year.w.di.slightl.ove.50,00.an.thi.y ear.w.hop.t.d.mor.tha.60,000.So.that'.goo.i.w.continu.t.rise.M.Now.that'.gros.earnings..assume.Wha.abou.you.expenses?W.Yes.that'.gross.Th.expenses.o.course.g.u.steadily.An.sinc.we'v.move.t.t hi.ne.shop.th.expense.hav.increase.greatly.becaus.it'..muc.bigge.shop.S..coul dn'.sa.exactl.wha.ou.expense.are.The.ar.somethin.i.th.regio.o.si.o.seve.thous merciall.speaking.it'.fairl.low.an.w.tr.t.kee. ou.expense.a.lo.a.w.can.M.An.you.price.ar.muc.lowe.tha.th.sam.good.i.shop.roun.about.Ho.d.th.lo ca.shopkeeper.fee.abou.havin..sho.doin.s.wel.i.thei.midst?W.Perhap..lo.o.the.don'.realiz.ho.wel.w.ar.doing.becaus.w.don'.mak..poin. o.publicizing.Tha.wa..lesso.w.learne.ver.earl.on.W.wer.ver.friendl.wit.al.loca.sh opkeeper.an.w.happene.t.mentio.t..loca.shopkeepe.ho.muc.w.ha.mad.tha.wee k.H.wa.ver.unhapp.an.neve.a.friendl.again.S.w.mak..poin.o.neve.publicizin.th. amoun.o.mone.w.make.Bu.w.ar.o.ver.goo.term.wit.al.th.shops.Non.o.the.hav. plaine.tha.w.ar.puttin.the.ou.o.busines.o.anythin.lik.that..thin.it'..nic.f riendl.relationship.Mayb.i.the.di.kno.wha.w.made.perhap.the.wouldn'.b.s.frien dly.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questio.5.Wha.ar.th.speaker.mainl.talkin.about?Questio.6.Wha.doe.th.woma.sa.he.sho.trie.t.do?Questio.7.Wha.d.w.lear.abou.th.good.sol.a.th.woman'.shop?Questio.8.Wh.doesn'.th.woma.wan.t.mak.know.thei.earning.anymore?Passage OneBirds are famous for carrying things around.Some, like homing pigeons, can be trained to deliver messages and packages.Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride.Canadian scientists have found a worrisome, new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around.Way up north in the Canadian Arctic, seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live.Some 10,000 pairs of the birds, called fulmars, a kind of Arctic seabird, make their nests on Devon Island, north of the Arctic Circle.The fulmars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food.When they return home, their droppings end up all around their nesting sites, including in nearby ponds.Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind.Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea.The bodies of fish and other meat-eaters can build up high levels of the chemicals.To test the polluting power of fulmars, researchers collected samples of deposit from 11 ponds on Devon Island.In ponds closest to the colony, the results showed there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds.The pollutants in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulmars eat when they're out on the ocean.People who live, hunt, or fish near bird colonies need to be careful, the researchers say.The birds don't mean to cause harm, but the chemicals they carry can cause major problems.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questio.9.Wha.hav.Canadia.scientist.foun.abou.som.seabirds?Questio.10.Wha.doe.th.speake.sa.abou.th.seabird.calle.fulmars?Questio.11.Wha.di.scientist.previousl.notic.abou.pollutant.i.th.Arctic?Questio.12.Wha.doe.th.speake.war.abou.a.th.en.o.th.talk?Passage TwoIn recent years, the death rate among American centenarians—people who have lived to age 100 or older— has decreased, dropping 14 percent for women and 20 percent for men from 2023 to 2023.The leading causes of death in this age group are also changing.In 2023, the top five causes of death for centenarians were heart disease, stroke, flu, cancer and Alzheimer's disease.But by 2023, the death rate from Alzheimer's disease for this age group had more than doubled—increasing from 3.8 percent to 8.5 percent—making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians.One reason for the rise in deaths from Alzheimer's disease in this group may be that developing this condition remains possible even after people beat the odds of dying from other diseases such as cancer.People physically fit enough to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases such as Alzheimer's which affects the mind and cognitive function.In other words, it appears that their minds give out before their bodies do.On the other hand, the death rate from flu dropped from 7.4 percent in 2023 to 4.1 percent in 2023.That pushed flu from the third leading cause of death to the fifth.Overall, the total number of centenarians is going up.In 2023, there were 72,197 centenarians, compared to 50,281 in 2023.But because this population is getting larger, the number of deaths in this group is also increasing— 18,434 centenarians died in 2023, whereas 25,914 died in 2023.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questio.13.Wha.doe.th.speake.sa.abou.th.ris.o.dyin.fo.America.centenari an.i.recen.years?Questio.14.Wha.doe.th.speake.sa.abou.Alzheimer'.disease?Questio.15.Wha.i.characteristi.o.peopl.wh.liv.u.t.10.year.an.beyond?Recording OneOkay.S.let'.ge.started.And to start things off I think what we need to do is consider a definition.I'm going to define what love is but then most of the experiments I'm going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love.And I'm going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly thirty years.And he has a theory of love that argues that it's made up of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment, or what is sometimes called decision commitment.And these are relatively straightforward.He argued that you don't have love if you don't have all three of these elements.Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding.Operationally, you could think of intimacy as you share secrets, you share information with this person that you don't share with anybody else.Okay.That'rmatio.tha.i sn'.share.wit.othe.people.The second element is passion.Passion is the drive that leads to romance.You can think of it as physical attraction.And Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship.The third element of love in Sternberg's theory is what he calls decision commitment, the decision that one is in a love relationship, the willingness to label it as such, and a commitment to maintain that relationship at least for some period of time.Sternberg would argue it's not love if you don't call it love and if you don't have some desire to maintain the relationship.So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg's theory you have love.Now what's interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three.What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three?What's interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look them carefully.So what I've done is I've taken Sternberg's three elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and I've listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.Questio.16.Wha.doe.th.speake.sa.abou.mos.o.th.experiment.mentione.i.h i.talk?Questio.17.Wha.doe.Rober.Sternber.argu.abou.love?Questio.18.Wha.questio.doe.th.speake.thin.i.interestin.abou.Sternberg'.th re.element.o.love?Recording TwoHi! I am Elizabeth Hoffler, Master of Social Work.I am a social worker, a lobbyist, and a special assistant to the executive director at the National Association of Social Workers.Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker.Social work is the helping profession.Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet thebasic needs of all people, with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty.We often deal with complex human needs.Social work is different from other professions, because we focus on the person and environment.We deal with the external factors that impact a person's situation and outlook.And we create opportunity for assessment and intervention, to help clients and communities cope effectively with their reality and change that reality when necessary.In thousands of ways social workers help other people, people from every age, every background, across the country.Wherever needed, social workers come to help.The most well-known aspect of the profession is that of a social safety net.We help guide people to critical resources and counsel them on life-changing decisions.There are more than 600,000 professional social workers in the country, and we all either have a bachelor's degree, a master's degree, or a PhD in Social Work.There are more clinically trained social workers than clinically trained psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric nurses combined.Throughout this series you will learn more about the profession, the necessary steps to get a social work degree, the rich history of social work, and the many ways that social workers help others.Later in this series, you will hear from Stacy Collins and Mel Wilson, fellow social workers at the National Association of Social Workers.Stacy is going to walk you through the step-by-step process of becoming a social worker, and Mel will tell you about the range of options you have once you get your social work degree, as well as the high standards of responsibility he social workers must adhere to.The National Association of Social Workers represents nearly 145,000 social workers across the country.Our mission is to promote, protect, and advance the social work profession.We hope you enjoy this series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social worker.Next, we are going to talk about choosing social work.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.Questio.19.Wha.doe.th.speake.mainl.tal.about?Questio.20.Wha.d.socia.worker.mainl.do?mon.accordin.t.th.speaker?Questio.22.Wha.i.Me.Wilso.goin.t.tal.abou.i.th.series?Recording ThreeToday, I'd like to talk about what happens when celebrity role models get behind healthy habits, but at the same time, promote junk food.Currently, there's mounting criticism of Michelle Obama's “Let's Move!”campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active, and has signed on singer Beyoncéand basketball player Shaquille O'Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas, which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic.Now there's a lot more evidence of how powerful a celebrity— especially a professional athlete— can be in influencing children's behavior.In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University, researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts.The team focused on athletes since they are theoretically the best role models for active, healthy lifestyles for children.After sorting the deals by category, they determined that among the 512 brands associated with the athletes, most involved sporting goods, followed closely by food and beverage brands.Sports drinks, which are often high in sugar and calories made up most ofthe food and drink deals, with soft drinks and fast food filling out the remainder.Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes, 93% relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories.It's no surprise that high-profile athletes can influence children's eating behaviors, but the scientists were able to quantify how prevalent these endorsements are in the children's environment.Advertisements featuring professional athletes and their endorsed products tend to get impressive exposure on TV, radio, in print and online.And in 2023, the researchers reported that children ages 12 to 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults.One reason any campaign wants a popular celebrity spokesperson is because kids are attracted to them no matter what they are doing.We can't expect kids to turn off that admiration when the same person is selling sugar.At best, kids might be confused.At worst, they'll think the messages about soda are the same as the messages about water, but those two beverages aren't the same.If children are turning to athletes as role models, it's in their best interest if their idols are consistent.Consistent messaging of positive behaviors will show healthier lifestylesfor kids to follow.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.Questio.23.Wha.i.th.ai.o.Michell.Obama'.campaign?Questio.24.Wha.doe.researc.fin.abou.advertisement.featurin.professiona. athletes?Questio.25.Wha.doe.th.speake.thin.kids.idol.shoul.do?对话一男: 你猜怎么着？我吃过旳最难吃旳食物是在法国吃旳。
2023年3月英语六级听力第二套
题目内容如下：听力第二套共有5道题目，每题2分。
请听一段听力材料，并根据材料回答问题。
听力材料：Hello, everyone, today we will talk about the importance of healthy eating habits. With the rapid development of technology and economy, people's lifestyles have changed dramatically, and this has led to a rise in the incidence of various diseases. Among these diseases, obesity and diabetes are particularly prevalent, and many people have started to realize that a healthy diet is essential to maintaining good health.Firstly, it is crucial to maintain a balanced diet that includes all the essential nutrients. Protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals are all essential for maintaining bodily functions and preventing diseases. Therefore, it is essential to eat a variety of foods from different food groups to ensure that you are getting a balanced intake of nutrients.Secondly, it is important to avoid processed foods and sugary drinks. Processed foods often contain high amounts of added sugars and other unhealthy substances that can lead to weight gain and other health problems. Sugary drinks are particularly harmful because they provide a quick burst of energy that can easily lead to overeating and weight gain.Thirdly, it is essential to eat regularly and avoid skipping meals. Skipping meals can lead to low blood sugar levels and fatigue, which can negatively impact your work and daily activities. It is recommended to eat three meals a day and snacks between meals to maintain stable blood sugar levels.Finally, it is important to exercise regularly. Exercise not only helps to maintain a healthy weight but also improves cardiovascular health, strengthens bones and muscles, and reduces stress levels. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate exercise into your daily routine.Now let's answer the questions:1. What is the author's main point in the passage?2. What should people avoid eating according to the passage?3. What is the author's advice for maintaining regular eating habits?4. What are the benefits of regular exercise?5. What is the author's suggestion for people who want to lose weight?答案：1. The author's main point is that healthy eating habits are essential for maintaining good health.2. People should avoid processed foods and sugary drinks according to the passage.3. The author's advice for maintaining regular eating habits is to eat three meals a day and snacks between meals to maintain stable blood sugar levels.4. Regular exercise improves cardiovascular health, strengthens bones and muscles, and reduces stress levels.5. The author suggests that people who want to lose weight should incorporate exercise into their daily routine and avoid skipping meals.。
2019年6月大学英语六级(第二套)真题及答案解析
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解（第二套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) 【参考范文】How to deal with the complicated interpersonal relationships always remains a major worry for most of us. Wise words or books that aim to teach us to tackle this daunting issue are, almost without exception, putting stress on mutual understanding and respect, the significance of which seems self-evident.Mutual understanding requires us to put ourselves in each other's place and be forgiving of others5 difficulties. By doing so, we will become more easy-going and accessible, and thus more likely to avoid unnecessary conflicts and frictions with others, a common trigger for a failed relationship. Mutual respect—for privacy, lifestyles, hobbies, professions, opinions and the like— helps create a friendly atmosphere that encourages us to share and exchange our ideas openly without the fear of feeling offended.To sum up, this principle of socializing is certainly a prerequisite for healthy and stable interpersonal relationships. Neglect of it will lead us to end up being estranged from, or even hostile to, each other.【范文译文】如何处理复杂的人际关系始终是我们大多数人的一大烦恼。
2022年12月大学六级英语考试真题第2套听力原文
[00:00.68]College English Test Band 6<ch>大学英语六级考试[00:03.79]Part ⅡListening Comprehension<ch>第二部分听力理解[00:06.00]Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations.<ch>A节说明：在本节中，你将听到两篇长对话。
[00:11.74]At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions.<ch>在每一篇对话的最后，你将会听到四个问题。
[00:15.30]Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.<ch>对话和问题均播放一遍。
[00:19.67]After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).<ch>听到问题后，你需要从A)、B)、C)和D)四个选项中选出最佳答案。
[00:27.23]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.<ch>然后将相应的答案涂在答题卡1上。
[00:33.10]Conversation One<ch>对话一[00:35.79]M: Welcome to the Book Club. <ch>男：欢迎来到《读书会》节目。
2023年大学英语六级第二套听力真题及答案
2023年12月六级真题2Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), D) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Say a few words to thank the speaker.B) Introduce the speaker to the audience.C) Give a lecture on the history of the town.D) Host a talk on how to give a good speech.2. A) He was the founder of the local history society.B) He has worked with Miss Bligh for 20 years.C) He has published a book on public speaking.D) He joined the local history society when young.3. A) She was obviously better at talking than writing.B) She had a good knowledge of the town's history.C) Her speech was so funny as to amuse the audience.D) Her ancestors came to the town in the 18th century.4. A) He read exactly what was written in his notes.B) He kept forgetting what he was going to say.C) He made an embarrassing remark.D) He was too nervous to speak upQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) What their retailers demand.B) What their rivals are doing.C) How they are going to beat their rivals.D) How dramatically the market is changing.6. A) They should be taken seriously.B) They are rapidly catching up.C) Their business strategy is quite effective.D) Their potential has been underestimated.7. A) She had given it to Tom.B) It simply made her go frantic.C) She had not seen it yet.D) It was not much of a big concern.8. A) Restructuring the whole company.B) Employing more forwarding agents.C) Promoting cooperation with Jayal Motors.D) Exporting their motorbikes to IndonesiaSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It makes claims in conflict with the existing research.B) It focuses on the link between bedtime and nutrition.C) It cautions against the overuse of coffee and alcohol.D) It shows that "night owls" work much less efficiently.10. A) They pay greater attention to food choice.B) They tend to achieve less than their peers.C) They run a higher risk of gaining weight.D) They stand a greater chance to fall sick.11. A) Get up late.B) Sleep 8 hours a day.C) Exercise more.D) Go to bed earlierQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) All of the acting nominees are white.B) It has got too much publicity on TV.C) It is prejudiced against foreign films.D) Only 7% of the nominees are female.13. A) 22 percent of movie directors were people of color.B) Half of the TV programs were ethnically balanced.C) Only one-fifth of TV shows had black characters.D) Only 3.4 percent of film directors were women.14. A) Non-white males.B) Program creators.C) Females of color over 40.D) Asian speaking characters.15. A) They constitute 17% of Hollywood movie characters.B) They are most underrepresented across TV and film.C) They contribute little to the U. S. film industry.D) They account for 8.5% of the U. S. populationSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) One that can provide for emergency needs.B) One that can pay for their medical expenses.C) One that covers their debts and burial expenses.D) One that ensures a healthy life for their later years.17. A) Purchase insurance for their children.B) Save sufficient money for a rainy day.C) Buy a home with a small down payment.D) Add more insurance on the breadwinner.18. A) When their children grow up and leave home.B) When they have saved enough for retirement.C) When their family move to a different place.D) When they have found better-paying jobs.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) They do more harm than good.B) They have often been ignored.C) They do not help build friendship.D) They may not always be negative.20. A) Biased sources of information.B) Ignorance of cultural differences.C) Misinterpretation of Shakespeare.D) Tendency to jump to conclusions.21. A) They are hard to dismiss once attached to a certain group.B) They may have a negative impact on people they apply to.C) They persist even when circumstances have changed.D) They are often applied to minorities and ethnic people.22. A) They impact people more or less in the same way.B) Some people are more sensitive to them than others.C) A positive stereotype may help one achieve better results.D) A negative stereotype sticks while a positive one does not Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) Use some over-the-counter medicine instead.B) Quit taking the medicine immediately.C) Take some drug to relieve the side effect.D) Ask your pharmacist to explain why it occurs.24. A) It may help patients fall asleep.B) It may lead to mental problems.C) It may cause serious harm to one's liver.D) It may increase the effect of certain drugs.25. A) Tell their children to treat medicines with respect.B) Keep medicines out of the reach of their children.C) Make sure their children use quality medicines.D) Ask their children to use legitimate medicines.答案：1. A) Say a few words to thank the speaker.2. D) He joined the local history society when young.3. B) She had a good knowledge of the town's history.4. C) He made an embarrassing remark.5. B) What their rivals are doing.6. A) They should be taken seriously.7. C) She had not seen it yet.8. D) Exporting their motorbikes to Indonesia.9. B) It focuses on the link between bedtime and nutrition.10. C) They run a higher risk of gaining weight.11. D) Go to bed earlier.12. A) All of the acting nominees are white.13. D) Only 3.4 percent of film directors were women.14. C) Females of color over 40.15. B) They are most underrepresented across TV and film.16. C) One that covers their debts and burial expenses.17. D) Add more insurance on the breadwinner.18. A) When their children grow up and leave home.19. D) They may not always be negative.20. A) Biased sources of information.21. B) They may have a negative impact on people they apply to.22. C) A positive stereotype may help one achieve better results.23. B) Quit taking the medicine immediately.24. D) It may increase the effect of certain drugs.25. A) Tell their children to treat medicines with respect.。
2013年6月六级真题(第2套)英语六级听力原文
[ti:0][ar:0][al:0][by:0][offset:0][00:02.95]College English Test (Band 6)[00:05.69]Part Listening Comprehension[00:09.04]Section A[00:10.72]Directions: In this section,[00:13.09]you will hear 8 short conversations[00:15.90]and 2 long conversations.[00:19.21]At the end of each conversation,[00:22.02]one or more questions will be asked[00:24.11]about what was said.[00:26.33]Both the conversation and the questions[00:29.09]will be spoken only once.[00:31.98]After each question there will be a pause.[00:35.65]During the pause,[00:37.01]you must read the four choices[00:38.94]marked A), B), C) and D),[00:42.10]and decide which is the best answer.[00:46.36]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1[00:50.38]with a single line through the centre.[00:53.70]Now lets begin with the eight short conversations.[00:59.36]1. W: I was shocked to hear of your wife's illness.[01:04.12]Is she going to be all right?[01:06.35]M: At first, the doctors weren't sure,[01:08.48]but she's really improved.[01:10.29]She'll be home next week.[01:13.05]Q: What do we learn[01:14.21]about the man's wife from the conversation?[01:33.76]2. M: Excuse me,[01:34.87]can I get a ticket for a sleeping compartment on this train? [01:38.81]W: Yes, there are four left.[01:40.67]The price is 60 per person including a continental breakfast. [01:46.69]Q: What is the man doing?[02:05.38]3. M: Janet, here's the book I borrowed from you,[02:07.59]but I'm so sorry that I can't find its jacket.[02:11.05]W: It doesn't matter.[02:11.96]Anyway, you are one of the few people[02:14.26]who actually return books to me.[02:17.46]Q: What does the woman imply?[02:35.11]4. M: Lisa, have you been to the new supermarket yet?[02:40.06]W: Yes, and no.[02:41.97]I went there last Saturday for their grand opening sale,[02:45.89]but I drove around the parking lot for nearly an hour,[02:50.02]looking for a space before I finally gave up and came home. [02:54.71]Q: What does the woman mean?[03:12.17]5. W: You've been sitting at the computer for hours.[03:16.11]Let's take a coffee break, shall we?[03:19.18]M: I wish I could. You know, I'm up to my neck in work.[03:22.86]I've got to finish this report.[03:25.15]I don't want to miss the deadline.[03:27.70]Q: What does the man mean?[03:44.62]6. M: What do you think of this gallery space?[03:48.87]They offer to let me exhibit some of my paintings here.[03:52.70]W: Are you kidding?[03:53.95]Any art student I know would die to have an exhibition here. [03:59.07]Q: What can we infer from the conversation?[04:17.47]7. W: Gary, my assistant is in hospital now.[04:22.16]Is there anyone in your department[04:23.58]who could give a hand for a few days?[04:25.86]M: I think so. I'll ask around and get back to you.[04:29.59]Q: What do we learn from the conversation?[04:47.37]8. W: Did you read the article in the paper[04:50.70]about the mayor's speech at the economic forum?[04:53.88]M: Sure I did, but I think they twisted the meaning of what he said.[04:58.50]It's not the first time for them to do so.[05:02.06]Q: What does the man say about the paper's article?[05:20.11]Now you will hear the two long conversations.[05:25.22]Conversation One[05:27.28]W: Oh, hello, John. [05:28.55]Are you using your dictating machine this morning?[05:31.60]I've got a long report I must dictate.[05:33.93]Can I borrow your machine?[05:35.36]M: Of course. But can you spare me a second?[05:38.36]It's the message you sent me[05:40.41]about the delivery delay of the control desks.[05:42.84]What's gone wrong?[05:44.73]W: Everything, John.[05:45.77]We have to get the steel sheets we need[05:48.47]for these desks from new suppliers.[05:51.44]Well, the suppliers have got some trouble or other.[05:54.40]They say they will be a bit late with the delivery.[05:56.61]M: But they can't be.[05:59.52]Those control desks are a special order.[06:02.46]They are wanted for one of the big computer companies.[06:05.29]It's a very important contract.[06:08.50]W: When did we promise the delivery?[06:10.71]M: On Thursday next week.[06:12.69]And there's a penalty clause.[06:14.40]We stand to lose 10 percent of our price[06:16.86]for each week of overdue delivery.[06:19.89]W: Oh, these penalty clauses![06:22.20]Why did you sales people accept them?[06:24.98]M: We have to accept them; otherwise, we don't get the contracts. [06:29.92]W: Well, let's get on to the Buying Department.[06:32.83]I only heard about the delay yesterday[06:34.97]because we kept the production line clear[06:38.31]to handle these special sheets. It's a dreadful nuisance.[06:41.30]M: It will be more than a nuisance[06:43.05]if we don't meet on delivery date.[06:45.15]It will cost us a lot of money.[06:47.91]W: Keep calm, John. We can perhaps claim compensation from the steel suppliers[06:53.04]for failure to deliver on time.[06:55.73]Then we will offset the penalty clause.[06:59.02]M: Well, if you can.[07:02.12]Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation[07:05.19]you have just heard.[07:08.30]9. Why did the woman send the message to the man?[07:27.79]10. What does the woman say about the new suppliers?[07:48.33]11. How did the man get the contracts?[08:07.67]12. What does the woman suggest they do?[08:27.02]Conversation Two[08:29.19]M: Kathy, chaos theory seems to be[08:31.83]a branch of physics or mathematics.[08:33.53]You are an economist,[08:36.00]so how does it influence your work?[08:39.17]W: Well, in several ways.[08:40.66]I am responsible for financial development programs[08:43.92]in many parts of the world,[08:45.88]so forecasting long range trends[08:48.90]and making predictions on the basis of present evidence[08:51.68]is what I do.[08:53.07]Chaos theory was developed by scientists,[08:55.80]trying to explain the movement of the planets[08:58.26]and the changes in environmental conditions.[09:01.41]Both of these things are also about[09:03.26]making long-term predictions[09:05.61]on the basis of present evidence.[09:07.93]M: Are many economists involved in this field?[09:11.30]W: An increasing number.[09:12.84]In the 1990s,[09:14.74]many economists began to look at chaos theory[09:17.01]as a way of providing models for forecasting.[09:21.39]M: What kind of "models" are we talking about here?[09:25.15]W: Well, that's a good question,[09:27.06]because the basic idea of chaos theory is that[09:29.98]there aren't any "models" as such[09:32.36]there aren't guaranteed forms,[09:34.67]but rather patterns of change in development.[09:38.18]M: Doesn't that mean that forecasting is impossible?[09:41.51]W: No, but it certainly makes it more[09:43.81]of a challenge.[09:45.21]Mandelbrot,[09:46.32]who did the experiment with stock exchanges prices,[09:49.37]for example,[09:50.28]noted that although the outcomes were variable,[09:52.69]there were in fact certain constancy.[09:55.85]What we have to do is[09:57.39]make sure we know what these are[09:59.56]and take into account all the possible variables.[10:03.42]M: But do economics and finance work in the same way [10:06.41]as weather conditions or the movement of planets?[10:09.49]W: Well, no, of course not.[10:12.01]There are certain underlying similarities.[10:14.38]But we have to leave them for another time.[10:18.84]Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation[10:22.04]you have just heard.[10:25.03]13. What is the woman's profession?[10:44.28]14. What was chaos theory supposed to do[10:48.21]when it was first formulated?[11:05.47]15. What are the speakers mainly talking about?[11:25.29]Section B[11:26.98]Directions: In this section,[11:29.56]you will hear 3 short passages.[11:32.08]At the end of each passage,[11:33.64]you will hear some questions.[11:35.66]Both the passage and the questions[11:37.66]will be spoken only once.[11:39.67]After you hear a question,[11:41.13]you must choose the best answer[11:43.38]from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D)[11:47.78]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1[11:51.36]with a single line through the centre.[11:54.75]Passage One[11:56.33]People write to ask me[11:57.63]if there's correlation between academic intelligence[12:01.04]and emotional intelligence.[12:03.63]My answer is no.[12:05.38]You can have a high IQ and a high EQ,[12:08.64]which, of course, is a winning combination,[12:11.24]or be high in one and low in the other.[12:14.33]The best study was done at Bell Labs in New Jersey,[12:17.76]a very high IQ place.[12:20.27]They do research into development[12:22.67]for the communications industry.[12:24.74]In a division of electronic engineers,[12:26.68]who were designing equipments so advanced[12:30.37]that they work in teams of up to 150,[12:33.64]co-workers and managers were asked to nominate the standouts- [12:38.65]the stars in productivity and effectiveness.[12:41.95]They came up with 10 or 15 names,[12:45.26]and that group of stars was compared with everyone else. [12:49.10]It turned out there was no difference in IQ,[12:51.89]no difference in academic qualifications,[12:55.51]no difference in years on the job.[12:57.81]The only difference was emotional intelligence.[13:01.81]The stars were people who knew how to get along,[13:05.15]who knew how to motivate themselves,[13:07.56]usually the kind of people you like to hang out with.[13:11.20]When these people ran up against a technical problem,[13:14.14]to which they'd have to turn to someone else for an answer, [13:17.53]they'd e-mail and get an answer right away,[13:21.54]because they built up a network of people[13:24.29]before they needed them.[13:29.10]The other people would e-mail and wait up to two weeks [13:30.78]for an answer.[13:31.59]So you can see how being good in the interpersonal realm [13:34.78]actually was a direct benefit,[13:37.21]even for effectively pursuing a technical task.[13:41.97]Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. [13:47.58]16. What does the speaker say about Bell Labs?[14:07.29]17. What characterizes the stars nominated at Bell Labs? [14:28.58]18. What does the speaker say contributes[14:32.56]to effectively pursuing a technical task?[14:50.30]Passage Two [14:51.93]J's (Biography of John Muir)-John Muir's own writings[14:55.31]to bring readers a life story of this remarkable man[14:59.08]who did so much to raise American's awareness[15:01.61]of environmental issues.[15:03.50]As America's first environmentalist,[15:05.50]John Muir lived his life forever daring[15:08.08]to undertake new adventures.[15:10.34]He spent most of his days outdoors[15:12.14]and had deep love for the wild lands.[15:14.88]In the book, we meet John Muir[15:16.84]as a youth fearlessly climbing the roof of his house.[15:20.43]He captures birds only to let them go[15:23.02]when he realizes the cruelty involved.[15:25.64]He becomes an inventor[15:26.95]and sells his inventions in order to attend the university.[15:30.88]As a young man,[15:32.33]he began walking over tens of thousands of miles[15:35.32]during his lifetime,[15:36.82]through the south to Florida,[15:38.76]the west to California and north to Alaska,[15:40.34]where readers are taken a long[15:42.19]and particularly hair-raising adventure[15:43.95]on a large mass of floating ice.[15:46.34]Muir's learning in observation throughout his life[15:51.24]led him to devote his last years to preserving the natural environment.[15:54.17]His writing and speaking raised the awareness[15:58.43]of the importance of conservation[16:00.59]and helped bring about our national park system.[16:03.53]Readers will feel they know John Muir[16:05.55]after reading his story[16:06.97]and may catch his passion for preserving the riches of our land. [16:11.04]The other's portrayal of Muir's life[16:12.99]is a testimony to what it means to be lifelong learners[16:16.99]and to use that learning to inform and bring about change. [16:21.12]Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. [16:26.92]19. What kind of book is the speaker introducing?[16:47.00]20. What do we learn about John Muir when he was young? [17:06.83]21. What did John Muir intend to do through writing and speaking?[17:28.37]Passage Three[17:30.27]Disaster movies often portray catastrophes that destroy,[17:34.35]or at least threaten to destroy earth's entire population.[17:38.50]In fact, a virus emerged in the 1970s[17:42.15]that could've been just that fatal.[17:44.95]Named after a river that passes through the Congo,[17:47.60]the Ebola virus originally manifested itself[17:51.56]in the interior of Africa in 1976.[17:55.87]Two strains of the disease,[17:57.63]with almost identical symptoms, affected humans-[18:01.76]Ebola-Zaire and Ebola-Sudan.[18:04.11]The Sudan version was deadly enough,[18:07.54]killing 50% of those it infected.[18:10.37]However, Zaire, with its 90% mortality rate,[18:14.58]was even worse.[18:16.30]The origins, though not the cause of Ebola-Sudan,[18:19.66]can be traced back to a single individual in a Sudanese town. [18:24.63]Ebola-Zaire seemed to erupt in over 50 villages simultaneously. [18:30.02]Both strains quickly invaded local hospitals[18:32.95]when needle sharing and other unhealthy practices[18:36.28]ensured the rapid spreading of the infection[18:39.45]by bringing people into contact with contaminated body fluids. [18:44.13]If the virus had been capable of spreading through the air, [18:47.42]or if one infected person had unknowingly entered a large population center,[18:52.50]Ebola might have become a worldwide epidemic.[18:56.40]However, soon after these fierce outbreaks,[18:59.19]the virus died out, at least temporarily.[19:02.90]Ebola was so deadly and killed so quickly that[19:06.95]within a short period of time,[19:08.80]there was no one around to infect.[19:11.66]Hospital workers in at least one case deserted their workplace in panic,[19:16.53]thus halting the administering of potentially unclean disease spreading injections,[19:23.01]but Ebola has not disappeared.[19:25.53]With no known vaccination or cure available,[19:28.99]it seems only a matter of time until another epidemic erupts. [19:34.94]Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage[19:39.24]you have just heard.[19:40.85]22. What is Ebola virus named after?[20:00.29]23. What do we learn about Ebola-Zaire and Ebola-Sudan? [20:21.53]24. How do people get infected with the disease[20:25.16]according to the speaker?[20:42.48]25. What does the speaker believe?[21:02.02]Section C[21:03.70]Directions: In this section,[21:05.49]you will hear a passage three times.[21:08.05]When the passage is read for the first time,[21:10.51]you should listen carefully for its general idea.[21:13.68]When the passage is read for the second time,[21:16.42]you are required to fill in the blanks[21:18.70]with the exact words[21:19.86]you have just heard.[21:21.98]Finally,[21:22.87]when the passage is read for the third time,[21:25.42]you should check what you have written.[21:28.26]Now listen to the passage.[21:31.93]The ideal companion machine would not only look, feel,[21:34.78]and sound friendly but would also be programmed[21:37.98]to behave in an agreeable manner.[21:40.46]Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable [21:44.10]would be simulated as closely as possible,[21:47.46]and the machine would appear to be charming stimulating, and easygoing.[21:52.29]Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable,[21:56.63]and yet the machine would remain slightly[22:00.62]unpredictable and therefore interesting.[22:02.43]In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant and unassuming,[22:07.11]but as it came to know the user it would progress[22:10.26]to a more relaxed and intimate style.[22:12.96]The machine would not be a passive participant[22:15.89]but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; [22:20.18]it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or[22:23.18]changing the topic and would have a personality of its own. [22:27.59]The machine would convey presence.[22:30.25]We have all seen how a computers use of personal names[22:33.65]often fascinates people and needs them to treat the machine [22:37.45]as if it were almost human.[22:39.97]Such features are easily written into the software.[22:43.74]By introducing a degree of forcefulness and humor,[22:47.33]the machine could be presented as a vivid and unique character. [22:51.69]Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer[22:54.85]would be more acceptable as a friend if it simulated[22:58.45]the gradual changes that occur when one person[23:01.86]is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also [23:06.44]express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy.[23:12.34]Now the passage will be read again.[23:15.61]The ideal companion machine would not only look, feel,[23:20.05]and sound friendly but would also be programmed[23:23.00]to behave in an agreeable manner.[23:25.41]Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable [23:29.43]would be simulated as closely as possible,[23:32.73]and the machine would appear to be charming stimulating, and easygoing.[23:37.99]Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable,[23:42.60]and yet the machine would remain slightly[23:45.04]unpredictable and therefore interesting.[23:47.85]In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant and unassuming,[23:52.36]but as it came to know the user it would progress[23:55.23]to a more relaxed and intimate style. [23:58.25]The machine would not be a passive participant[24:01.08]but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; [24:05.59]it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or[24:09.17]changing the topic and would have a personality of its own. [24:14.37]The machine would convey presence.[24:17.40]We have all seen how a computers use of personal names[24:21.32]often fascinates people and needs them to treat the machine [24:25.56]as if it were almost human.[24:28.00]Such features are easily written into the software.[24:31.91]By introducing a degree of forcefulness and humor,[24:35.80]the machine could be presented as a vivid and unique character. [24:40.42]Friendships are not made in a day,[24:43.13]and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend[24:47.04]if it simulated the gradual changes that occur when one person [24:51.25]is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also [24:55.97]express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy.[25:03.77]Now the passage will be read for the third time.[25:07.52]The ideal companion machine would not only look, feel,[25:11.34]and sound friendly but would also be programmed[25:14.32]to behave in an agreeable manner.[25:17.17]Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable [25:20.82]would be simulated as closely as possible,[25:24.23]and the machine would appear to be charming stimulating, and easygoing.[25:29.31]Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable,[25:33.67]and yet the machine would remain slightly[25:37.50]unpredictable and therefore interesting.[25:39.47]In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant and unassuming,[25:44.00]but as it came to know the user it would progress[25:47.09]to a more relaxed and intimate style.[25:49.87]The machine would not be a passive participant[25:53.08]but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; [25:56.99]it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or[26:00.01]changing the topic and would have a personality of its own. [26:04.48]The machine would convey presence.[26:07.06]We have all seen how a computers use of personal names[26:10.39]often fascinates people and needs them to treat the machine [26:14.41]as if it were almost human.[26:16.96]Such features are easily written into the software.[26:20.53]By introducing a degree of forcefulness and humor,[26:24.07]the machine could be presented as a vivid and unique character. [26:28.48]Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer[26:31.84]would be more acceptable as a friend if it simulated[26:35.66]the gradual changes that occur when one person[26:38.87]is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also [26:43.42]express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy.[26:49.24]This is the end of listening comprehension.。
2023年6月英语六级听力真题(第二套)题目,原文与答案
2023年6月英语六级听力真题（第二套）【四六级试卷采用花卷形式，核对答案时请找准具体选项内容，忽略套数和选项符号】Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard1. A) She is drawn to its integration of design and engineering.B) She is influenced by her father who teaches architecture.C) She is preoccupied with her dream to be an architect.D) She is attracted to the beauty of modern buildings.2. A) By taking prerequisite courses.B) By studying the subject online.C) With the professor’s help.D) Through hard work.3. A) It is immortal.B) It is immaterial.C) It is long-lasting.D) It is groundbreaking.4. A) Computer science.B) Philosophy.C) Economics.D) Western art.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) He is a famous football coach.B) He is well known to the public.C) He has been guarded by a discreet assistant.D) He has occasionally been harassed by his fans.6. A) Help promote Mr Sanchez’s public profile.B) Run common daily chores for the woman.C) Play a key role in Real Madrid.D) Serve as a personal assistant.7. A) He once worked part-time in university.B) He is honest and always tells the truth.C) He cares little about his working hours.D) He has little previous work experience.8. A) He has a natural capacity to cooperate with others.B) He has a sound knowledge of sports consultancy.C) He has a high proficiency in several languages.D) He has a strong ability to connect with people.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) They have fewer rules and pressures.B) They require less supervision and training.C) They are more suitable to young people.D) They bring more benefits to young people.10. A) They prevent kids from enjoying adventure sports.B) They rob kids of the chance to cultivate their courage.C) They help kids guard against any possible injuries.D) They deprive kids of the opportunity to develop team spirit.11. A) Introduce them to these sports step by step.B) Ask them to try some forms of indoor sport.C) Let them participate in some less risky outdoor activities.D) Help them take up these sports when they are more mature. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Manufacturers use effective strategies to promote fancier products.B) Tech firms intentionally design products to have short lifespans.C) Such products tend to comprise parts that are irreplaceable.D) Consumers often have a craving for the latest model.13. A) Detail the life cycle of their products.B) Specify the major parts of their products.C) List a repairability score of their products.D) Indicate the competitiveness of their products.14. A) Take due caution in upgrading their products.B) Substitute all toxic substances with non-toxic ones.C) Invest in constructing more recycling facilities.D) Take the initiative to reduce electronic waste.15. A) It can be solved.B) It is certain to worsen.C) It is unavoidable in the long run.D) It will be fixed by tech companies.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) How internet monitoring can be implemented.B) How to prevent employees from cyberloafing.C) How cyberloafing affects overall productivity.D) How to encourage productive internet surfing.17. A) Overuse of social media may lead to decline in productivity.B) Employee engagement is closely related to job satisfaction.C) Cyberloafing may relieve employees of stress.D) Cyberloafing is a sign of workers’ laziness.18. A) Taking mini-breaks means better job performance.B) Cyberloafing generally does more harm than good.C) Employees who indulge in internet surfing are most likely to quit.D) Worker turnover is linked to the time allowed for cyberloafing. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) There were environmental problems.B) There were no wooden buildings.C) There were few settlers.D) There were no trees.20. A) He urged the state to start the Nebraska State Gardening Society.B) He founded a newspaper and used it to promote his ideas.C) He engaged himself in a large number of aesthetic projects.D) He served as chairman of the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture.21. A) Nebraska earned the nickname “the Tree Planters State”.B) The state government declared it the official Arbor Day.C) One million trees were planted throughout Nebraska.D) A special prize was awarded to Julius Morton.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) They lived mostly in Africa for about 200,000 years.B) They moved out of Africa about 60,000 years ago.C) They preferred to live in Europe rather than in Asia.D)They spread across Europe and Asia in a few decades.23. A) The Luna cave in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.B) The human fossils discovered most recently in Africa.C) The traces of human migration out of Africa to Asia.D) The discovery of two modern human teeth in China.24. A) There must have been some reason for human migration.B) Humans had access to abundant food sources there.C) Humans adapted themselves to the environment there.D) There have been changes in animals’ living conditions.25. A) When modern humans started to disperse out of Africa.B) How humans settled down on the Arabian Peninsula.C) Why fresh water is so important for human survival.D) What path modern humans took to migrate out of Africa.答案速查1. A) She is drawn to its integration of design and engineering.2. D) Through hard work.3. C) It is long-lasting.4. A) Computer science.5. B) He is well known to the public.6. D) Serve as a personal assistant.7. D) He has little previous work experience.8. C) He has a high proficiency in several languages.9. A) They have fewer rules and pressures.10. B) They rob kids of the chance to cultivate their courage.11. C) Let them participate in some less risky outdoor activities.12. B) Tech firms intentionally design products to have short lifespans.13. C) List a repairability score of their products.14. D) Take the initiative to reduce electronic waste.15. A) It can be solved.16. B) How to prevent employees from cyberloafing.17. C) Cyberloafing may relieve employees of stress.18. A) Taking mini-breaks means better job performance.19. D) There were no trees.20. B) He founded a newspaper and used it to promote his ideas.21. C) One million trees were planted throughout Nebraska.22. B) They moved out of Africa about 60,000 years ago.23. D) The discovery of two modern human teeth in China.24. A) There must have been some reason for human migration.25. D) What path modern humans took to migrate out of Africa.听力原文与答案Section AConversation OneM: Have you decide d what you wish to study?W: Yes, professor. I wish to study architecture.M: Ah, that’s a wonderful profession. Why did you choose it?W: I gave a lot of thought to things you said during our last discussion. (1) And I decided architecture made the most sense for me. In particular, I’m attracted to the marriage of design and engineering.M: That’s great, but I seem to remember you were preoccupied with all the lofty mathematics. You no longer think this aspect will be too hard for you?W: No. I was doing some online research and I think I should be able to manage. (2) Math might be the toughest subject I encounter in the curriculum, but I’ll simply put in the work required. I’m certain the fruits of my labor will pay off.M: I’m sure that’s true. Due to its material nature, architecture is one field where you will be able to clearly witness the contribution you make to a city. (3) And the legacies you build will last much longer than any of us mortals.W:Yeah, I guess that’s true too. So what subjects do you think I should start brushing up on in preparation? I have the whole summer.M: These days, architecture is a very diverse and dynamic degree. Most universities will encourage you to learn different things from fields as wide-ranging as philosophy and economics. Nevertheless, (4) I would suggest you start with computer science, because there will be many intricate visuals you will have to produce as part of your projects.W: Any software in particular you think I should start with?M: Photoshop is a good place. If you aren’t yet, try to become as proficient as you can with it. And another thing that I would recommend you learn as much as you can is fine arts, in particular, the history of Western art.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q1. Why does the woman wish to study architecture? 答案: A)Q2. How does the woman say she will overcome the difficulty in learning mathematics? 答案: D)Q3. What does the man say about architects’ contribution to a city? 答案: C)Q4. What subject does the man suggest the woman start with? 答案: A)Conversation TwoW: So, as I mentioned over the phone, we are looking for someone who is very discreet. I can’t stress this enough.M: I fully understand.W: As we all know, (5) being such a famous football player at Real Madrid, Mr Sanchez has a very high public profile. This means he cannot leave the house without being recognized and harassed.M: Yes, I completely understand how imperative it would be to respect Mr Sanchez’s private life.W: Good. (6) As his personal assistant, you would be required to run common everyday chores for Mr Sanchez, things he cannot do himself due to his fame, like going to the supermarket or post office. So, well, at first sight it may appear that working for a celebrity is very glamorous. Nothing could be further from the truth. I’m telling you this so that you don’t get any false expectations of what the job has to offer you.M: Thanks. I understand this too. (7) This is my first job after graduating from university. So frankly, I don’t have much prior working experience. I am, however, very excited about the prospect of joining this company and very keen to start from the bottom in whatever capacity I may be of use.W: That’s good to hear. You sound very energetic. Tell me why do you think you are well suited for this job?M:Well, firstly, I love football. I’m a lifelong Real Madrid supporter and go to their games every weekend I can. I would simply love to have a job where I’m involved in some capacity with Real Madrid, regardless of the position and salary. (8-1) And secondly, I think what this company does in sports consultancy is very cool. And I think my language skills could prove very useful down the road. W: Please tell me more about your language skills.M: (8-2) I am fully fluent in English and Spanish and have a working proficiency in French. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q5. What do we learn from the conversation about Mr Sanchez? 答案: B)Q6. What will the man do if he gets the job? 答案: D)Q7. What does the man say about himself? 答案: D)Q8. Why does the man think he is a very competitive candidate? 答案: C)Section BPassage One(9) Adventure sports are undeniably attractive to many energetic and thrill-seeking kids. Sports like rock climbing, surfing, skiing, and mountain biking, thus have lots of appeal. They don’t have many of the rules and pressures of traditional team sports, but they still have all the benefits of outdoor physical activity. When properly supervised, extreme sports can be a part of a healthy, balanced life.Some adventure sports may be associated with higher risks of injury, so it’s important for kids to figure out when to take risks, and when not to. (10) Risk-free activities deprive kids of the opportunity to test themselves and overcome their fears.But, to some, these very risks are what makes these sports a bad choice. They say that extreme sports can often lead to devastating injuries, especially as young thrill seekers may attempt feats that are too advanced for them.But let’s be real. Most kids do all kinds of dangerous stuff whether you want them to or not. Adventure sports have many of the same risks and dangers. But, they have an additional sense of adventure, courage and autonomy that is important to foster in young children. As always, it’s up to parents to decide what’s best for their kids. (11) But, if you do decide that adventure sports are a bit too much, do try to introduce other forms of outdoor adventures into their lives. Camping under the stars, fishing, stargazing, or even just playing in the woods can help a lot in building the same sense of self-confidence and risk-taking as in adventure sports.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q9. Why do extreme sports appeal to many kids? 答案: A)Q10. What does the speaker say about risk-free activities? 答案: B)Q11. What shall parents do if they decide adventure sports are a bit too much for their kids? 答案: C)Passage TwoThe shiny gadgets of today will be waste tomorrow.Manufacturers don’t talk much about this when they announce the big new thing that will replace your mostly just as good old thing. (12) In fact, technology firms often purposely design devices that will not last long and cannot be repaired so that consumers will have to spend their money on a new one. (13) This year, the French government began requiring tech manufacturers to list a repairability score. If a device can be repaired, then its life can be extended, saving consumers money and the planet the burden of so many trashed gadgets. Equipped with this knowledge, consumers can make better choices about which products to buy.Some 59 million tons of old TVs, computers, screens, smartphones, washers and other electronics are discarded every year. This waste is dangerous. Batteries explode in recycling facilities. Toxic substances like mercury leak into soil and groundwater and disperse in the air. Manufacturing flat screens adds greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. (14) We need tech companies to take the lead to solve this problem. If they won’t, governments must make them do so.Although tech companies will often speak of environmental sustainability, many lobby against repair legislation, fearful it will eat into their profits. Sustainability matters, but marketable design appears to matter more to these companies. Consumers should support right-to-repair legislation.(15) In this world, damage is a certainty. But we cannot leave things broken: A problem of our creation is a problem that can be fixed.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q12. Why did new tech products soon become waste? 答案: B)Q13. What did the French government require tech companies to do to help consumers make better choices? 答案: C)Q14. What should tech companies do to help ensure environmental sustainability? 答案: D)Q15. What does the speaker think of the problem of waste? 答案: A)Section CRecording OneOn average, U.S. workers spend about 10% of their workday surfing the internet, emailing friends or shopping online. This behavior, called cyberloafing, is believed to cost employers up to $85 billion a year in lost productivity.(16) The majority of cyberloafing research focuses on ways to prevent employees from engaging in this behavior through interventions such as internet monitoring and computer use policies.But it turns out, such behaviors may not be a sign that a worker is lazy or just wasting time. Social media use at work has been linked to higher levels of employee engagement and job satisfaction. New research suggests cyberloafing can help workers cope with an exceptionally stressful work environment.But is cyberloafing actually effective at reducing employee stress levels?That’s the question my research team wanted to answer in our new study. (17) Our hypothesis was that cyberloafing may serve as a mini-break, giving employees an opportunity to recover from stressful work situations.To test this, we asked workers to complete an online survey and rank how much time they spent cyberloafing, checking non-work emails and shopping. We also asked them to rank job satisfaction, their desire to quit, and how often they’ve experienced mistreatment at work, such as being bullied, threatened or yelled at.As you might expect, we found that overall, more mistreatment at work was correlated with lower levels of job satisfaction and a greater desire to quit.More interestingly, we found that cyberloafing effectively buffered this connection. That is, mistreated workers who spent more time surfing the web and checking emails reported higher job satisfaction and were less likely to want to quit than similar participants who didn’t cyberloaf as much.This suggests that cyberloafing acts as a sort of relief valve for workers, helping them recover from stressful experiences.(18) While we did not directly assess how cyberloafing affects worker performance, we believe by relieving stress it may not only reduce worker turnover, but also ultimately bolster productivity. This fits with other recent research that suggests taking short breaks is associated with higher levels of daily job performance.That isn’t to say cyberloafing is always good. Too much time spent on non-work activities likely causes performance to suffer.All in all, managers should be more lenient with employees. We believe a bit of online shopping or surfing the internet at work could make workers more productive in the long run.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.Q16. What does most cyberloafing research focus on? 答案: B)Q17. What was the hypothesis of the speaker’s research team? 答案: C)Q18. On what point do the results of the speaker’s study agree with other recent research? 答案: A) Recording Two(19) When Julius Morton moved to Nebraska City in 1854, he faced a problem shared by many settlers in the territory: It was a treeless plain. That meant no trees for building materials, or for fuel.But Morton was one of the world’s first conservationists, stating, “For prosperity, we ought to plant as many forests as we have exhausted and consumed”. So he started planting trees, beginning with his own land.By 1860 Morton possessed a forest of more than 300 trees. A few years later, he had more than 1,000.(20) As the forest grew, so did Morton’s influence in Nebraska. This was largely because Morton founded the Nebraska City News, the state’s first newspaper, in which he frequently wrote editorials about the practical and aesthetic benefits of tree planting. He also organized the Nebraska State Gardening Society and served on the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture.While serving on the Board, Morton came up with an idea to spread his belief in tree planting statewide. On January 4, 1872, Morton drafted a resolution that April 10 be designated day for the planting of trees in the State of Nebraska and urged people to go out and plant trees themselves.Morton called the special event Arbor Day as “arbor” is Latin for “tree”. The state government agreed.(21) And on April 10, 1872, the first unofficial Arbor Day was celebrated throughout Nebraska. Prizes were awarded to counties, cities, and individuals who planted the largest number of trees. That day, an astounding one million trees were planted in Nebraska—an average of more than six for every man, woman and child in the state.Since 1885, Nebraska has planted more than 700,000 acres of trees, earning it the nickname “the Tree Planters State”. Arbor Day became a legal, civic holiday in the state in 1885. It was held on April 22—Julius Morton’s birthday. In addition to a parade in Nebraska City, Morton introduced what has since become a long-standing Arbor Day tradition: Schoolchildren went outside and planted trees together.In 1970, nearly a century after Arbor Day was first celebrated, President Richard Nixon declared the last Friday of every April to be observed as National Arbor Day. All 50 states recognize the April observance, although many hold an additional state Arbor Day in a month more suited to local tree planting.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.Q19. What does the speaker say about Nebraska City in 1854 when Julius Morton moved there? 答案: D)Q20. What did Julius Morton do that increased his influence in Nebraska City? 答案: B)Q21. What does the speaker say happened on April 10, 1872? 答案: C)Recording Three(22) Modern humans arose in Africa about 200,000 years ago. They then spread across Europe and Asia sometime after 60,000 years ago. This is the “Out of Africa” model, as it’s commonly known. In the 1990s, the hypothesis found widespread acceptance. But this popular idea is in need of revision, particularly given the number of important findings across Asia over the past few decades. (23-1) For instance, many new human fossils found, particularly in China, are now dated as older than 60,000 years. This calls into question the idea that modern humans migrated out of Africa only 60,000 years ago.(23-2) Take the recent discovery of two modern human teeth found in the Luna cave in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. When my research team and I dated these teeth, we found they were more than 70,000 years old—a situation clearly impossible if modern humans moved out of Africa only 60,000 years ago. So with such findings, what happened exactly? Where does the most current data suggest we came from?The first question we should ask is why did modern humans leave Africa to begin with?(24) If a population is perfectly adapted to a particular environment and has access to an abundance of resources, then there really is no reason to move or change. For instance, some monkeys in Africa have a set of teeth that has hardly changed over the course of millions of years, indicating that they found a place that has worked for them.So what happened with humans?Some researchers have suggested that population density increased to the point where smaller human groups were forced to explore new lands.Other researchers have suggested that due to major environmental events in East Africa, humans were prompted to find greener pastures.Yet another explanation could simply be that early modern human hunters were following the large animals that they relied on, and so they moved out of Africa without realizing that they were actually moving from one continent to another.(25) Humans need daily access to reliable fresh water, which appears to be absent from many coastal areas. This brings us to another question: by which route did modern humans move out of Africa?No clear routes across the Mediterranean from North Africa appear to be present, so the earlier dispersals out of Africa and into Europe and Asia might have been across the Arabian Peninsula. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.Q22. What do we learn about modern humans according to the hypothesis commonly accepted in the 1990s? 答案: B)Q23. What has called into question the “Out of Africa” model? 答案: D)Q24. What does the speaker want to show with the example of some monkeys in Africa? 答案: A)Q25. What question does the speaker raise close to the end of the talk? 答案: D)。
2016年12月英语六级听力原文(含翻译)第二套
翻译在最后Con versati on OneM: Guess what? The worst food「ve ever had was in France.W: Really? That's odd. I thought the French were all good cooks.M: Yes. That's right. I suppose it's really like any where else, though. You know, some places are good. Some bad. But it's really all our own fault.W: What do you mean?M: Well, it was the first time I'd been to France. This was years ago when I was at school. I went there with my pare nts' frien ds, from my father's school. They'd hired a coach to take them to Switzerla nd.W: A school trip?M: Right. Most of them had never been abroad before. We'd crossed theEn glish Channel at ni ght, and we set off through Fran ce, and breakfast time arrived, and the coach©There driver had arranged for us to stop at this little caf we all were, tired and hun gry, and the nwe made the great discovery.W: What was that?M: Bacon and eggs.W: Fantastic! The real English breakfast.M: Yes. Any way, we did n't know any better —so we had it, and ugh...!W: What was it like? Disgusting?M: Oh, it was in credible! They just got a bowl and put some fat i n it. And then they put some bac on in the fat, broke an egg over the top and put the whole lot in the oven for about ten minu tes.W: In the oven! You're joking. You can't cook bacon and eggs in the oven!M: Well. They must have done it that way. It was hot, but it was n't cooked.There was just this egg floati ng about in gall ons of fat and raw bac on.W: Did you actually eat it?M: No! Nobody did. They all wan ted to tur n round and go home. You know, back to teabags and fish and chips. You can't blame them really. Any way, the n ext ni ght we were all give n ano ther foreig n speciality.W: What was that?M: Snails. That really finished them off. Lovely holiday that was!Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questi on 1. What did the woma n think of the Fren ch?Questi on 2. Who did the man travel with on his first trip to Switzerla nd?Question 3. What does the man say about the breakfast at the little Frenchcaf e?Questi on 4. What did the man think of his holiday in France?Con versati on TwoM: You say your shop has bee n doing well. Could you give me some idea of what doing well ” means in facts and figures?W: Well, doing well ” means averaging £1,200 or more a week for about 7 years, making almost a quarter of a million pounds. And doing well ” meansyour earnings are rising. Last year , we did slightly over 50,000 and this year , we hope to do more than 60,000. So, that's good if we continue to rise.M: Now, that's gross earnin gs, I assume. What about your expe nses?W: Yes, that's gross. The expe nses, of course, go up steadily. And since we've moved to this new shop, the expe nses have in creased greatly, because it's a much bigger shop. So I could n't say exactly what our expe nses are. They are somethi ng in the regi on of six or seve n thousa nd pounds a year , which is not high. Commercially speak in g, it's fairly low, and we try to keep our expe nses as low as we can.M: And your prices are much lower tha n the same goods in shops round about. How do the local shopkeepers feel about havi ng a shop doing so well in their midst?W: Perhaps a lot of them don't realize how well we are doing, because we don't make a point of publiciz ing. That was a less on we lear ned very early on. We were very friendly with all local shopkeepers and we happened to mention to a local shopkeeper how much we had made that week. He was very un happy and n ever as frien dly aga in. So we make a point of n ever publiciz ing the amount of money we make. But we are on very good terms with all the shops. None of them have ever compla ined that we are putti ng them out of bus in ess or anything like that. I thi nk it's a nice frien dly relati on ship. Maybe if they did know what we made, perhaps they would n't be so frien dly.Questi ons 5 to 8 are based on the con versati on you have just heard.Questi on 5. What are the speakers mainly talk ing about?Question 6. What does the woman say her shop tries to do?Questi on 7. What do we lear n about the goods sold at the woma n's shop?Questi on 8. Why does n't the woma n want to make known their earnings anymore?Passage OneBirds are famous for carry ing things around.Some, like homing pige ons, can be trained to deliver messages and packages.Other birds unknowin gly carry seeds that cli ng to them for the ride.Can adia n scie ntists have found a worrisome, new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around.Way up north in the Canadian Arctic, seabirds are picking up dangerouschemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live.Some 10,000 pairs of the birds, called fulmars, a kind of Arctic seabird, make their nests on Devon Island, north of the Arctic Circle.The fulmars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food.When they retur n home, their dropp ings end up all around their n esti ngsites, in clud ing in n earby pon ds.Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind.Salm on also carry dan gerous chemicals as the fish migrate betwee n rivers and the sea.The bodies of fish and other meat-eaters can build up high levels of thechemicals.To test the polluting power of fulmars, researchers collected samples of deposit from 11 ponds on Devon Isla nd.In ponds closest to the colony, the results showed there were far more polluta nts tha n in ponds less affected by the birds.The pollutants in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulmars eat whenthey're out on the ocea n.People who live, hunt, or fish near bird colonies need to be careful, the researchers say.The birds don't mean to cause harm, but the chemicals they carry can causemajor problems.Questi ons 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questi on 9. What have Can adia n scie ntists found about some seabirds?Questi on 10. What does the speaker say about the seabirds called fulmars?Question 11. What did scientists previously notice about pollutants in theArctic?Questi on 12. What does the speaker warn about at the end of the talk?Passage TwoIn recent years, the death rate among America n centen aria ns ——people who have lived to age 100 or older —has decreased, dropp ing 14 perce nt for wome n and 20 perce nt for men from 2008 to 2014.The leadi ng causes of death in this age group are also cha nging.In 2000, the top five causes of death for centen aria ns were heart disease, stroke, flu, can cer and Alzheimer's disease.But by 2014, the death rate from Alzheimer's disease for this age group hadmore tha n doubled —in creas ing from 3.8 perce nt to 8.5 perce nt —making the progressive brain disease the sec ond leadi ng cause of death for centen aria ns.One reason for the rise in deaths from Alzheimer's disease in this group may be that developing this con diti on rema ins possible eve n after people beat the odds of dying from other diseases such as cancerPeople physically fit eno ugh to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases such as Alzheimer's which affects the mind and cog nitive fun cti on.In other words, it appears that their minds give out before their bodies do.On the other hand, the death rate from flu dropped from 7.4 percent in 2000to 4.1 perce nt in 2014.That pushed flu from the third leading cause of death to the fifth.Overall, the total nu mber of centen aria ns is going up.In 2014, there were 72,197 centen aria ns, compared to 50,281 in 2000.But because this populati on is gett ing larger , the nu mber of deaths in thisgroup is also in creas ing —18,434 centen aria ns died in 2000, whereas 25,914 died in 2014.Questi ons 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 13. What does the speaker say about the risk of dying forAmerica n centen aria ns in recent years?Questi on 14. What does the speaker say about Alzheimer's disease?Questi on 15. What is characteristic of people who live up to 100 years and beyond?Record ing OneOkay. So let's get started.And to start things off I thi nk what we n eed to do is con sider a defi niti on.I'm going to define what love is but then most of the experiments I'm goingto talk about are really focused more on attract ion tha n love.And rm going to pick a defi niti on from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University but was here on our faculty at Yale for n early thirty years.And he has a theory of love that argues that it's made up of three comp onen ts: in timacy, passi on, and commitme nt, or what is sometimes called decisi on commitme nt.And these are relatively straightforward.He argued that you don't have love if you don't have all three of these eleme nts.In timacy is the feeli ng of close ness, of conn ected ness with some one, of bonding.Operatio nally, you could thi nk of in timacy as you share secrets, you sharein formatio n with this pers on that you don't share with an ybody else.Okay. That's really what intimacy is, the bond that comes from sharing in formati on that isn't shared with other people.The sec ond eleme nt is passi on.Passion is the drive that leads to romanee.You can think of it as physical attracti on.And Stern berg argues that this is a required comp onent of a loverelati on ship.The third eleme nt of love in Stern berg's theory is what he calls decisi on commitme nt, the decisi on that one is in a love relati on ship, the willi ngn ess to label it as such, and a commitme nt to maintain that relatio nship at least for some period of time.Stern berg would argue it's no t love if you don't call it love and if you don't have some desire to maintain the relati on ship.So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Stern berg's theory you have love.Now what's interesting about the theory is what do you have if you onlyhave one out of three or two out of three.What do you have and how is it differe nt if you have a differe nt two out ofthree?What's interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to manydiffere nt comb in ati ons that can be quite in teresti ng whe n you break them dow n and start to look them carefully.So what rve done is rve take n Stern berg's three eleme nts of love, in timacy, passi on and commitme nt, and rve listed out the differe nt kinds of relati on ships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three eleme nts.Questi ons 16 to 18 are based on the record ing you have just heard.Questi on 16. What does the speaker say about most of the experime ntsmen ti oned in his talk?Questi on 17. What does Robert Stern berg argue about love?Question 18. What question does the speaker think is interesting aboutStern berg's three eleme nts of love?Record ing TwoHi! I am Elizabeth Hoffler , Master of Social Work.I am a social worker , a lobbyist, and a special assista nt to the executive director at the Natio nal Associati on of Social Workers.Today we are going to be talk ing about beco ming a social worker .Social work is the helping profession.Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basicneeds of all people, with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and livi ng in poverty.We ofte n deal with complex huma n n eeds.Social work is differe nt from other professi ons, because we focus on the pers on andenvironment.We deal with the external factors that impact a person's situation and outlook.And we create opport unity for assessme nt and in terve nti on, to help clie nts and com mun ities cope effectively with their reality and cha nge that reality whe n n ecessary.In thousa nds of ways social workers help other people, people from every age, every backgro und, across the coun try.Wherever n eeded, social workers come to help.The most well-k nown aspect of the professi on is that of a social safety n et.We help guide people to critical resources and coun sel them on life-cha nging decisi ons.There are more tha n 600,000 professi onal social workers in the coun try, and we all either have a bachelor's degree, a master's degree, or a PhD in Social Work.There are more cli ni cally trained social workers tha n cli nically trained psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric nu rses comb in ed.Throughout this series you will lear n more about the professi on, then ecessary steps to get a social work degree, the rich history of social work, and the many ways that social workers help others.Later in this series, you will hear from Stacy Colli ns and Mel Wils on, fellowsocial workers at the Nati onal Associatio n of Social Workers.Stacy is going to walk you through the step-by-step process of beco ming a social worker , and Mel will tell you about the range of opti ons you have once you get your social work degree, as well as the high sta ndards of resp on sibility he social workers must adhere to.The Nati onal Associati on of Social Workers represe nts n early 145,000 social workers across the coun try.Our missi on is to promote, protect, and adva nee the social work professi on.We hope you enjoy this series about how you can make a differenee by beco ming a social worker .Next, we are going to talk about choos ing social work.Questi ons 19 to 22 are based on the record ing you have just heard.Questi on 19. What does the speaker mainly talk about?Questi on 20. What do social workers main ly do?Questi on 21. What do professi onal social workers have in com mon,accord ing to the speaker?Question 22. What is Mel Wilson going to talk about in the series?Record ing ThreeToday, I'd like to talk about what happe ns whe n celebrity role models getbeh ind healthy habits, but at the same time, promote junk food.Currently, there's mounting criticism of Michelle Obama's Let's Move! campaig n, which fights childhood obesity by en couragi ng youn gsters to become more physically active, and has sig ned on sin ger Beyonc e and basketball player Shaquille O'Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas, which are a majorcon tributor to the obesity epidemic.Now there's a lot more evide nee of how powerful a celebrity —especially a professi onal athlete —can be in in flue ncing childre n's behavior .In a report published by the Rudd Cen ter for Food Policy and Obesity at YaleUni versity, researchers studied 100 professi onal athletes and their en dorseme nt con tracts.The team focused on athletes since they are theoretically the best role models for active, healthy lifestyles for childre n.After sort ing the deals by category, they determ ined that among the 512brands associated with the athletes, most in volved sport ing goods, followed closely by food and beverage bran ds.Sports drinks, which are often high in sugar and calories made up most ofthe food and drink deals, with soft drinks and fast food filli ng out the rema in der Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes, 93% relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories.It's no surprise that high-profile athletes can in flue nee childre n's eati ng behaviors, but the scie ntists were able to qua ntify how prevale nt these en dorseme nts are in the childre n's environment.Advertiseme nts featuri ng professi onal athletes and their en dorsed productstend to get impressive exposure on TV,radio, in print and on li ne.And in 2010, the researchers reported that childre n ages 12 to 17 saw more athlete-e ndorsed food and beverage brand commercials tha n adults.One reason any campaign wants a popular celebrity spokesperson is because kids are attracted to them no matter what they are doing.We can't expect kids to tur n off that admiratio n whe n the same pers on is selli ng sugar .At best, kids might be con fused.At worst, they'll think the messages about soda are the same as the messages about water , but those two beverages aren't the same.If childre n are tur ning to athletes as role models, it's in their best in terest iftheir idols are con siste nt.Con siste nt messagi ng of positive behaviors will show healthier lifestyles for kids to follow.Questi ons 23 to 25 are based on the record ing you have just heard.Question 23. What is the aim of Michelle Obama's campaign?Questi on 24. What does research find about advertiseme nts featuri ng professi onal athletes?Questi on 25. What does the speaker thi nk kids' idols should do?对话一男：你猜怎么着？我吃过的最难吃的食物是在法国吃的。
2023年12月英语六级考试真题及答案详解和听力原文第二套
12月英语六级考试真题第二套Part I Writing （30minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words．Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and. D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A. The restaurant offers some specials each day.B. The restaurant is known for its food varieties.C. The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting.D. The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.2. A. He took over the firm from Mary. C. He failed to foresee major problems.B. He is running a successful business. D. He is opening a new consulting firm.3. A. Someone should be put in charge of office supplies.B. The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet.C. The man may find the supplies in the cabinet.D. The printer in the office has run out of paper.4. A. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly.B. The woman can use his glasses to read.C. He has the dictionary the woman wants.D. The dictionary is not of much help to him.5. A. Redecorating her office.B. Majoring in interior design.C. Seeking professional advice.D. Adding some office furniture.6. A. Problems in port management.B. Improvement of port facilities.C. Delayed shipment of goods.D. Shortage of container ships.7.A. Their boss. B. A colleague. C. Their workload. D. A coffee machine.8. A. Call the hotel manager for help.B. Postpone the event until a later date.C. Hold the banquet at a different place.D. Get an expert to correct the error.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9 .A. He shares some of the household duties.B. He often goes back home late for dinner.C. He cooks dinner for the family occasionally.D. He dines out from time to time with friends.10. A. To take him to dinner.B. To talk about a budget plan.C. To discuss an urgent problem.D. To pass on an important message.11. A. Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy.B. Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India.C. There are wild fluctuations in the international money market.D. There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. They have unrealistic expectations about the other half.B. They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship.C. They form a more realistic picture of life.D. They try to adapt to their changing roles.13. A. He is lucky to have visited many exotic places.B. He is able to forget all the troubles in his life.C. He is able to meet many interesting people.D. He is lucky to be able to do what he loves.14.A. It is stressful. B. It is full of time. C. It is all glamour. D. It is challenging15. A. Bothered. B. Amazed. C. Puzzled. D. Excited.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B.,C. and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. Maintain the traditional organizational culture.B. Learn new ways of relating and working together.C. Follow closely the fast development of technology.D. Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization.17. A. How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve.B. How the team is built to keep improving its performance.C. What type of personnel the team should be composed of.D. What qualifications team members should be equipped with.18. A. A team manager must set very clear and high objectives.B. Teams must consist of members from different cultures.C. Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.D. A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois.B. It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text.C. It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long.D. It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.20. A. He visited a number of famous computer scientists.B. He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.C. He sold a program developed by his friends.D. He invested in a leading computer business.21. A. They had confidence in his new ideas.B. They trusted his computer expertise.C. They were very keen on new technology.D. They believed in his business connections.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A. Prestige advertising.B. Institutional advertising.C. Word of mouth advertising.D. Distributing free trial products.23. A. To sell a particular product.B. To build up their reputation.C. To promote a specific service.D. To attract high-end consumers.24. A. By using the services of large advertising agencies.B. By hiring their own professional advertising staff.C. By buying media space in leading newspapers.D. By creating their own ads and commercials.25. A. Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.B. Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs.C. Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.D. Pretest alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just hoard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should chock what you have written.Extinction is difficult concept to grasp. It is an（26）concept. It's not at all like the killing of individual life forms that can be renewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply（27）numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an（28）and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations （29)us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish. Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life（30）, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.（31）basic natural resources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being（32）in a frenzy ( 疯狂) of processing, consuming, and（33）, but we are also mining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself on which terrestrial (地球上旳) life depends.The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural （34）, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of（35).Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making yourchoices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions, often quickly and brutally. Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggest technology success stories, was no（36）, losing its market share in just a few years.In , Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales（37）But consumers'preferences were already（38）toward touch-screen smart phones. With the introduction of Apple's phone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share（39）rapidly and revenue plunged. By the end of , Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO, which he（40）in October . Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's market value declined by $ 23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history. But Elop was not the only person at（41）Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most（42）, Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company's（43）success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a（44）cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the(45) of the company’s once-spirited culture.which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia's sense of vision and directions with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and programming talent left as well.A. assumedB. biasC. desperateD. deteriorationE. exceptionF. faultG. incidentallyH. notablyI. previousJ. relayedK. shiftingL. shrankM. subtleN. transmittingO. worldwideSection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus with little academic know—how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.[ A] When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first—generation student and Jamaican immigrant, he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first—generation students, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were also attending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs.Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.[ B] What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly low graduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year, Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $ 5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making it impossible for him to continue paying for school.[ C ]Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first—generation college students who enter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped to graduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typically carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require significant academic remediation (补习).[ D ] Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to this specific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospective college-goers fad the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a good number of four—year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resources and programs for them, he says that number isn't high enough.[ E ] "It's not only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subset of this population," Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation undergraduates tend toward options such as online programs, two—year colleges, and commuter state schools."Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think bigger and broader. "[ F] Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions--and two-year schools in particular. As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options year after year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community colleges or state schools with low bars for admittance.[ G]"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university," said Dave Jarrat, a marketing executive for InsideTrack, a for—profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income students and supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. "The reality of it is that a lot of low-income kids could be going to elite universities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it. "[ H] "Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience of successfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and their college worthiness," Jarrat continued. That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated, the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorest matches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. A flagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first—generation students, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, The University of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overall graduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the outcomes for first—generation students and those of their peers.[ I] Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutions keep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first—generation pupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students who graduate within four years (81 percent).[ J] It is actually quite difficult to freed reliable statistics on the issue for many schools. Higher education institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but these reports typically only include Pell recipient numbers —not necessarily rates specific to first—generation students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating it can be for prospective students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigate this kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit.[ K] It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in , originally as an ann. of its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity."If we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.[ L] Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a first—generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the intimidating higher—education world, she often struggled on her path to college, "There wasn't really a college—bound culture at my high school," she said. "I wanted to go to college but I didn't reallyknow the process. " Jones became involved with a college—access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributesmuch of her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for. "[ M] She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well—regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first—generation students, including matching kids with counselors, commenting first—generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students on Howard's campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who are able to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aid packages and remarkably high graduation rates for first—generation students.(Harvard, for example, boasts a six—year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent. ) [ N]Christian Vazquez, a first—generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story setting him far apart from students such as Nijay. "There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support," he said, half—joking about the countless resources available at the school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors ( trained seniors on campus) ;they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联络) groups, tutoring centers and also have asummer orientation specifically for first—generation students ( the latter being one of the most common programs for students).[ O]"Our support structure was more like : ' You are going to get through Yale; you are going to do well,' " he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significant support for students who lacked confidence about "belonging" at such a top institution.46. Many first—generation college—goers have doubts about their abilities to get a college degree.47. First—generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.48. The graduation rate of first—generation students at Nijay's university was incredibly low.49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first—generation students with more support than they actually need.50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don't know they could have achance of going to an elite university.53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first—generation students' serf—confidence.54. I'm First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.55. Elite universities tend to graduate fan’s-generation students at a higher rate.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care. The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, for example—is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form of rationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones are expected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, even though there's no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurancecomoanies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies. Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and facial.Overseers. "There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn't be functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts. " Doctors can face some grim trade—offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about equally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease. But one costs $ 50 a dose and the other close to $ 2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead ofthe costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye. and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what to use?"I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue. "56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?A. Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.B. Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.C. Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.D. Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?A. Specific medicines to be used.B. Effects of medical treatment.C. Professional advancement.D. Patients' trust.58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?A. The redefining of doctors' roles.B. Overuse of less effective medicines.C. Conflicts between doctors and patients.D. The prolonging of patients' suffering.59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?A. They may be involved in a conflict of interest.B. They may be forced to divide their attention.C. They may have to use less effective drugs.D. They may lose the respect of patients.60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?A. It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads.B. It will help to save money for society as a whole.C. It results from society's failure to tackle the problem.D. It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Economic inequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President Barack Obama declared in a speech last monthto the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. "Increased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said. Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy No. 1 and the greatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also argued that it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档) in that ladder have grown farther apart.For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new dam set from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich—poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adtdts? what explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, commitments religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the "single strongest correlate of upward mobility. " Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial and economic segregation. Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data. of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community.1. Per-capita (人均) income growth2. Prevalence of single mothers ( where correlation is strong, but negative)3. Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.61. How does Obama view economic inequality?A. It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.B. It is the greatest threat to social stability.C. It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth.D. It is the most malicious social evil of our time.62. What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship's data analysis?。
六级真题听力第二套录音原文
六级真题听力第二套录音原文文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]2017年12月六级真题听力原文第二套Conversation-1W: You are going to give a short speech of thanks for the speaker this evening, aren’t you, BillM: Yes.W: You don’t sound very enthusiastic. It’s not that bad, is itM: No, I don’t mind, really. But I can never forget the first speech of thanks I did.W: Why What happenedM: Well, I was in my early twenties. I joined the local history society.W: YesM: Anyway, I went along to a lecture by a Miss Bligh.W: Oh. Do go on.M: She was going to talk with slides about our town in the mid-18th century. She had just published a book on the subject which was reckoned to be quite good. So I went along. When I arrived, the secretary asked me if I could give the speech of thanks. Rather stupidly, I said yes.W: We’ve all done it.M: Anyway, from that point on, I was scared. What should I say I decided to make notes during the lecture and refer to interesting parts and thank her on behalf of the society. In fact, by the time Miss Bligh stood up to talk, I was feeling much better. But she was so nervous that she kept forgetting what to say, and she spokealmost in a whisper. People at the back kept calling out “We can’t hear.” It was embarrassing.W: I can imagine it.M: At least the slides were good, that is, until the bulb in the projector blew. And she had to finish her talk with no illustrations.W: So what did you say in your speech of thanksM: What can you say You have be polite. I mentioned the interesting facts, referred to the excellent slides, and the finished by saying “We’d all like to thank Miss Bligh for blowing out her slides.”W: Oh, no.M: I felt terrible. I tried to apologize, not very successfully.W: And the speech of thanks this eveningM: I’ll write down exactly what I’m going to say and read it carefully.1. What is the man asked to do this evening2. What do we learn about the man3. What does the man say about Miss Bligh4. What does the man say about the first time he gave a speech of thanks Conversation-2W: Another cup of tea, PaulM: No, thanks. Well, what’s new, LaurieW: Nothing dramatic. But there is something you should know about.M: What’s thatW: Well, our rivals are offering extended credit terms to some of the retailers in the area.M: Oh Which rival is this We only have two.W: Barratts Company.M: Oh, them. Well, they are hardly a threat.W: I know they are smaller than us, but we can’t afford to ignore them.M: Yes, you are right, Laurie. But I don’t like extended credit. It ties up cash we could put to better use elsewhere. But, I’ll look into it on Monday.W: Yes. And there is something else.M: Don’t tell me! The letter from the tax revenue officeW: Right. How did you knowM: Tara told me. What’s the problemW: Well. Tome got this letter late yesterday and then went frantic trying to find copies of last year’s accounts.M: Did he find themW: No. And he was away before I could get hold of the letter.M: How about a drive down to the office now And we’ll see if everything’s all right. There’s another reason why I wanted a chat with you before Monday.W: I thought as much. Well, go on. Surprise me.M: How about selling that new motorcycle of yours in IndonesiaW: What You mean export Paul, I think you’ve been away too long. This is Jayal Motors. We’ve never sold a bike abroad.M: Don’t worry, Laurie. I’m not crazy. I’ve been studying the possibility and I think we should give it a go.W: It’s not as easy as that, though, is it We’ll have to reorganize the whole company.M: Don’t be silly. I don’t intend starting next week. We’d have to plan it properly. Of course, there will be a few problems.W: A few problems I can see hundreds. For one thing, transport. I have enough trouble delivering bikes to shops only 40 miles away, never mind 5,000 miles!M: That’s what forwarding agents are for.5. What does the woman think the man should know6. What does the woman think of Barrats Company.7. What did the woman say about the letter from the tax revenue office8. What is the man think of doingPassage 1A report on sleep and nutrition released this month found that people who consistently went to bed earlier than 11 p.m. took in fewer calories and ate more healthy fo od. In contrast, “night owls” who go to bed between 11 p.m. and 3 a.m. tend to consume more coffee, alcohol, refined sugars and processed meats thanearly risers. This report corresponds with the existing scientific literature on bedtime and wellness. The relationship between geeing more sleep and making better food choices is well-documented. A study published last year in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that people who sleep more tend to eat less unhealthy food than their peers who don’t get much rest. And a 2015 study fromthe University of California, Berkeley, found that teens who go to bed late are more likely to gain weight over a five-year period. As a group, “night owls” types tend to eat less healthy food and take in more calories overall than early risers. The later one goes to bed, the more calories one records the next day. As yet a challenge to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between sleep and nutrition, there may be a third factor that impacts both of them. Or the relationship could be reversed, that is, people who eat less fall asleep earlier. Still, if late sleepers want to lose a few pounds, they can go to bed earlier than they usually do, thereby, reducing their chance of taking snacks before bedtime.9.What do we learn about the report released this month10. What does the study from the University of California, Berkeley, find about teens who go to bed late11. What should “night owls” do to reduce their consumption of unhealthy food Passage 2Researchers have found not just a diversity problem in Hollywood but actually an inclusion crisis. With less than a week before an Oscars ceremony that has already been criticized for an all-whit list of acting nominees, a study shows the film industry does worse than television. Just 3.4 percent of film directors were female, and only 7 percent of films has cast whose balance of race and ethnicity reflected the country’s diversity. When researches looked at all TV shows, they also found that women of color over 40 were re garded as “largely invisible” and just 22 percent of TV series creators were female. Overall, the study found half the films and TV shows had no Asian speaking characters and more than one-fifth ofthem had no black characters with dialogue. The film industry still functions as a straight, whit, boy’s club. When looking at how women are depicted, the study found female characters were four times more likely to be shown in sexy clothing and nearly four times as likely to be referred to as physically attractive. But their results also indicated films and TV shows with women or people of color in the important jobs behind the scenes—director, producer or writer—tended to have better diversity numbers. Across TV and film, the underrepresentation of non-white characters falls mostly on Hispanics. Among more than 10,000 characters, proportions of white, black and Asian characters came close to U.S. population figures. But Hispanics were just 5.8 percent of characters, despite being about 17 percent of the U.S. population.12. Why has the Oscars ceremony been criticized13. What do we learn from the research14. Who are regarded as “largely invisible” on TV shows15. What does the speaker say about HispanicLecture 1When purchasing life insurance, there are many important factors to consider. One should buy the policies that give the most protection at the least cost, ensure the right family members, and consider the family’s financial needs. It is important to buy the insurance from companies that are financially sound and that are represented by honest, well-trained agents. At various stages in a person’s life, different kinds of life insurance are needed for particular situations. Jerry is single and has no dependents. Probable the only life insurance he needsis enough to cover his debts and burial expenses. Insurance can be purchased at a lower rate during the young years, but by buying while young, the premiums are paid in for a longer period of time. In the end, the amount paid for premium is about the same. A person shouldn’t buy insurance protection that really isn’t necessary. Suppose that Jerry marries Jeannette, who is a college graduate and is working. Perhaps enough insurance would be needed to cover their debts and burial expenses. Now, Jeanette has quit work and their first child is on the way. They have purchased a home with a small down payment and a 30-year mortgage. The situation regarding life insurance takes on a different look. There are dependents who need financial protection. How much insurance is needed As the family increase in size, it is essential to add more insurance on the breadwinner to protect the dependents. When the children are young and depend upon the family for financial need, families with modest incomes have difficulty providing enough life insurance to protect the mother and the children. Families with modest incomes should insure the breadwinner or breadwinners first. When considering the amount of insurancefor the mother with dependent children, substitute child care is a need that should be planned for until the children can care for themselves. The death of a small child would have no effect upon the income of the family. Perhaps a policy to meet funeral expenses would sufficient for the young child, although most people do not take out insurance on their young children. As the children become financially independent of the family, the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years. Every familysituation is different, but it is important that each family give adequate thought to planning its financial future.16. What life insurance should a singe person buy, according to the speaker17. What should people do as their family increases in size18. When should one change their life insuranceLecture 2“Stereotype” may sound like a bad word, but there’s nothing bad about it. For one thing, stereotypes are often accurate. When you ask people about their concept of stereotypes, they get it pretty much right. Also, stereotypes are often positive, particularly of groups that we ourselves belong to. Some of the statistical generalizations may be positive as some groups have reputations for being smart, for being loyal, for being brave, for all sorts of things that are not at all negative. And so there’s nothing inherently wrong abut stereotypes.But there are problems with stereotypes. For one thing, they’re reliable insofar as they’re based on unbiased samples. But a lot of the information we get about human groups is through biased sources like how they’re represented in the media. And if thes e sources don’t give you an accurate depiction, your stereotype won’t be accurate.For example, many Jews have been troubled by Shakespeare’s depiction of Shylock. If the only Jew you know is Shakespeare’s Shylock, it’s going to be a very bad impression. So one problem with stereotypes is while we are good at drawing conclusions from them, often our information isn’t reliable.A second problem is that stereotypes, regardless of whether or not they’re accurate, can have a negative effect on the people that they apply to. And this is what psychologist, Claude Steele, described as stereotype threat. He has a vivid example of this. Here’s how to make African-Americans do worse on a math test. You have the test and you put on the test that they have to identify their race. The very act of acknowledging that they are African-Americans when given a test ignites in them thoughts of their own stereotype which is negative regarding academics and that makes them do worse. Want to know how to make a woman do worse on a math test Same thing, get her to write down her sex.One recent study found a sort of clever twist on this. When Asian-American women are given a test and they’re asked to mark down their race, they do better than they would otherwise do. They’re re minded of a positive stereotype that boosts their morale. You ask them, on the other hand, to mark down their sex, they do worse because they are reminded of a negative stereotype. That’s an example of how stereotypes have a potentially damaging effect on people.19. What does the speaker say about stereotype20. What lead to the bias of stereotype21. What does the speaker say is a problem with stereotypes22. What did one recent study find about stereotypeLecture 3Sometimes when you take a common drug, you may have a side effect. That is, the drug may cause some effect other than its intended one. When these side effects occur, they are called adverse reactions. Whenever you have an adverse reaction,you should stop taking the drug right away. Ask your pharmacist whether he can suggest a drug that will relieve the symptoms but that will not cause the adverse reaction. If an adverse reaction to a drug is serious, consult your doctor for advice at once.Drugs that are safe in the dosage stated on the label may be very dangerous in large dose. For example, aspirin is seldom thought of as dangerous, but there are many reports of accidental poisoning of young children who take too many aspirin pills as well as the possible development of Reye syndrome in children with flu.In adults, excessive used of some pain-killing drugs may cause serve kidney damage. Some drugs for relief of stomach upsets, when taken in excess, can perhaps cause serious digestive problems. You should never use any over-the-counter drug on a regular, continued basis, or in large quantities, except on your doctor’s advice. You could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctor’s care.Each drug you take not only acts on the body but may also alter the effect ofany other drug you are taking. Sometimes, this can cause dangerous or even fatal reactions. For example, aspirin increases the blood-thinning effects of drugsgiven to patients with heart disease. Therefore, a patient who has been takingsuch a drug may risk bleeding if her or she uses aspirin for a headache. Before using several drugs together you should ask your doctor and follow his advice.Your pharmacist can tell you whether certain drugs can safely be taken together.Alcohol may increase the effect of a drug—sleeping pills combine with alcoholto produce a sleepy feeling. When taking any drug, you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination with the medicine.Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate medicines and the drug culture has swept our country. You can do your shar to reduce the chances that your children will become part of the drug culture by treating all medicines with respect. Always let your children know that medicines and drugs should not be used carelessly.23. What does the speaker say you should do when you have an adverse reaction24. What does the speaker say about alcohol drinking25. What does the speaker call on parents to do at the end of the talk。