16.附录一构词法【2021版《5年高考3年模拟》A版课标版英语教师用书】

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5年高考3年模拟A版浙江省高考英语总复习专题四谓语动词教师用书含解析

专题四谓语动词挖命题【考情探究】分析解读 1.语篇型填空对谓语动词部分的考查主要是根据上下文的语境和句子结构,用所给动词的合适的时态和语态形式填空。

其范围可以涉及常用的动词的十种时态及其相关的．．．．．．．．．．．．语态．．。

因此考生需要对动词的十种基本时态及其语态的用法和构成有准确的掌握。

除此之外,动词的时态和语态是写作的基本语法要求,因此掌握动词的时态和语态是提高写作水平的基本要求。

2.情态动词和虚拟语气除了在语篇型填空中会涉及,在听力和写作中也经常会用到．．．．．．．．．．．．,因此考生也务必精通各个情态动词的用法及虚拟语气的使用语境和构成。

破考点【考点集训】考点一动词的时态和主谓一致1.When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him,but I(change)my mind now.答案have changed2.Hurry up!Mark and Carol (expect)us.答案are expecting3.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he (have)it for a very long time.答案had had4.Around two o’clock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat (bother)us.答案bothers5.Generally,students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others (be)essential to their development.答案is6.The university estimates that living expenses for international students (be)around $8,450 a year,which is a burden for some of them.答案are7.Walmart,which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, (keep)some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.答案keeps8.The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he (start).答案started9.I feel so excited!At this time tomorrow morning I (fly)to Shanghai.答案will be flying考点二动词的语态1.The letters for the boss (put)on his desk but he didn’t read them until three days later.答案were put2.The famous musician,as well as his students, (invite)to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.答案was invited3.Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now(repay)later in life.答案will be repaid4.Shakespeare’s play Hamlet(make)into at least ten different films over the past years.答案has been made5.We are confident that the environment (improve)by our further efforts to reduce pollution.答案will be improved6.After school we went to the reading room to do some reading,only to be told that it (decorate).答案was being decorated7.Tommy (tell)many times,but he still could not understand it.答案had been told8.I needn’t have been in that hurry. The flight to Chongqing(cancel)due to the foggy weather.答案was cancelled9.“Remember to put on more clothes,”Mother said on the phone.“Cold weather (expect)to come tomorrow morning.”答案is expected10.The results of the final examination (make)known to the students soon. 答案will be made考点三情态动词和虚拟语气1.No one be more generous;he has a heart of gold.答案could/can2.One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. 答案shall3.My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.答案should4.I (go)to my cousin’s birthday party last night,but I was not available.答案would/should have gone5.Don’t handle the vase as if it(be)made of steel.答案were6.—It rained cats and dogs this morning.I’m glad we took an umbrella.—Yeah,we would have got wet all over if we (have).答案hadn’t7.—Do you think George has passed the driving test?—No.If so,he (drive)his car to our college yesterday.答案would have driven8.I should not have laughed if I (think)you were serious.答案had thought9.Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he(do)something instead of just talking.答案did/should do10.She would be much healthier now she not burdened herself with that much pressure from work when young.答案had过专题【五年高考】考点一动词的时态和主谓一致1.(2018北京,1)—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here?I haven’t seen you around.—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just(start)on Monday.答案started2.(2018北京,4)Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work)as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.答案was working3.(2018北京,7)China’s high-speed railways (grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.答案have grown4.(2018江苏,31)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we (develop)more convenient electronic communication tools by then.答案will have developed5.(2017北京,24)—(do)you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?—Yes. They are happy with it.答案Did6.(2017北京,33)People (have)better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.答案have7.(2017天津,8)I (drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.答案was driving8.(2017江苏,24)The publication of Great Expectations, which (be)both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.答案was9.(2016浙江,9)Silk (become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.答案had become10.(2016北京,23)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?—The new Star Wars. We (wait)here for more than two hours.答案have been waiting11.(2016北京,25)I (read)half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.答案have read12.(2016江苏,29)Dashan, who (learn)crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.答案has been learning13.(2016北京,21)Jack (work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.答案was working14.(2015北京,26)In the last few years,China (make)great achievements in environmental protection.答案has made15.(2015北京,27)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?—Not really. She (give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.答案had given16.(2015北京,30)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right. I (call)him later.答案will call17.(2015江苏,30)The real reason why prices (be),and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.答案were18.(2015安徽,24)Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I (leave)my book in the cafe.答案had left19.(2015福建,30)—Where is Peter?I can’t find him anywhere.—He went to the library after breakfast and (write)his essay there ever since.答案has been writing20.(2015湖南,22)As you go through this book, you (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.答案will find21.(2015湖南,25)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I (ask),“What do you wish me to do now?”答案asked22.(2015湖南,28)He must have sensed that I (look) at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”答案was looking23.(2015陕西,22)Marty (work)really hard on his bo ok and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.答案has been working/is working24.(2015重庆,1)—Is Peter coming?—No,he (change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.答案changed25.(2015湖南,27)It is important to remember that success (be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often (take)years to achieve.答案is;takes26.(2014北京,31)—What time is it?—I have no idea.But just a minute, I (check)it for you.答案will check27.(2014北京,32)I found the lecture hard to follow because it (start)when I arrived.答案had started28.(2014重庆,8)James has just arrived,but I didn’t know he(come)until yesterday.答案was coming/would come29.(2014福建,23)—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?—I went to Ningxia and (stay)there for one year,teaching as a volunteer. 答案stayed30.(2014安徽,23)The twins,who (finish)their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.答案had finished31.(2014陕西,22)During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends (recommend).答案had recommended32.(2014湖南,28)Since the time humankind started gardening, we (try)to make our environment more beautiful.答案have been trying33.(2014江西,24)—Tony, why are your eyes red?—I (cut)up peppers for the last five minutes.答案have been cutting考点二动词的语态1.(2018北京,9)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap)in the mountains for two days.答案had been trapped2.(2018天津,13)My washing machine (repair)this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.答案is being repaired3.(2018江苏,30)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry)out in the past two years.答案had been carried4.(2017北京,29)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones (invent)yet.答案hadn’t been invented5.(2017天津,6)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming,(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.答案is regarded6.(2017江苏,27)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he (follow).答案was being followed7.(2016北京,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward)with success in the end.答案will be rewarded8.(2016江苏,22)More efforts, as reported, (make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.答案will be made9.(2015天津,9)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides.答案has been reached10.(2015北京,22)—Did you enjoy the party?—Yes. We (treat)well by our hosts.答案were treated11.(2015安徽,29)It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to come.答案will be built12.(2015福建,26)To my delight,I (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.答案was chosen13.(2015四川,4)More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.答案will be built考点三情态动词和虚拟语气1.(2018北京,12)In today’s information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.答案can2.(2018北京,13)They might have found a better hotel if they (drive)a few more kilometers.答案had driven3.(2018天津,10)I can’t find my purse. I have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.答案could/might4.(2018天津,15)If we (catch)the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.答案had caught5.(2018江苏,27)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I (have)a second chance to become more involved.答案had6.(2017北京,21)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.答案can7.(2017北京,34)If the new safety system (put)to use, the accident would never have happened.答案had been put8.(2017天津,2)My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.答案needn’t9.(2017天津,15)—Do you have Betty’s phone number?—Yes. Otherwise, I (be)able to reach her yesterday.答案wouldn’t have been10.(2017江苏,22) (be)it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.答案Were11.(2016北京,31)I love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.答案needn’t12.(2016北京,34)Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you (tell)me, I could have helped.答案had told13.(2016天津,5)It was really annoying;I get access to the data bank you had recommended.答案couldn’t14.(2016江苏,27)If it (be)for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.答案had not been/hadn’t been15.(2015北京,34)If I (see)it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believ ed it. 答案hadn’t seen16.(2015江苏,28)It might have saved me some trouble I known the schedule. 答案had17.(2015天津,13)I wish I (be)at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.答案had been18.(2015安徽,32)It is lucky we booked a room, or we (have)nowhere to stay now.答案would have19.(2015陕西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I (dance)as well as her.答案danced20.(2015北京,29)—Can’t you stay a little longer?—It’s getting late.I real ly go now. My daughter is home alone.答案must21.(2015浙江,4)It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.答案couldn’t22.(2014湖南,22)If Mr.Dewey (be)present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.答案had been23.(2014福建,32) (be)there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.答案Were24.(2014重庆,3)I’ve ordered some pizza,so we worry about cooking when we get home tired.答案needn’t25.(2014江苏,31)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.答案should【三年模拟】A组2017—2019年模拟·基础题组考点一动词的时态及主谓一致1.(2019浙江临海期中,44)But the first piece of meat he took with the fork (fall)onto the floor.答案fell2.(2019安徽江淮名校11月,46)For example, an advert in 1881 for French cigarettes (promise)that its product would “give immediate relief” to a list of medical conditions, including breathing problems.答案promised3.(2019浙江镇海中学10月,57)The woman from Baipu County, Jiangsu Province, (make)shoes since she was 19 years old, and this year marks her 31st year making cloth shoes.答案has been making/has made4.(2018浙江温州普通高中高考适应性测试,63)After ten days, all the work(pay)off. It made a big difference to Stevens’ life.答案paid5.(2018浙江金华十校一模,60)She said her grandmother (teach)her poetry before the age of three.答案taught6.(2018浙江10月大联考)Mr. Perkins always (wear)the same clothes as other men and ate the same food as other people.答案wore7.(2017浙江宁波十校联考,56)Born in a rural village on Christmas Day, 1642, he was so small that no one thought he (survive).答案would survive8.(2017浙江温州协作体联考, 61) He (bury)himself in mathematics and began developing a mathematical theory.答案buried考点二动词的语态1.(2019浙江六校期中联考,61)The ad said that basic knowledge of IT(require)for this position.答案was required2.(2019浙江稽阳联考,58)As the representative of Chinese art, it (know)as the most ancient artistic form in the eastern world.答案is known3.(2019河北衡水质检,2)What if you found out that all of your documents (wipe)from your computer?答案had been wiped4.(2019浙江杭州第二中学10月,65)I feel very proud that so far my dream (realize).答案has been realized5.(2018浙江绍兴10月模拟,58)My personality at this tune could (describe)as friendly and easily outgoing.答案be described6.(2018河北名校联盟, 66)When you go to university, you (teach)by professors who are leading figures in their study.答案will be taught7.(2018湖北重高联考,62) Among the various ways of celebration, a book which (name)The Bridge was particularly eye-catching.答案was named8.(2017浙江嘉兴高三月考,21)By that time, she (accept)by Yale University in the US.答案had been accepted9.(2017甘肃河西重点三校联考, 58)The girl (give)a certificate at the end of the program to show that she has learned computer skills.答案will be given考点三情态动词和虚拟语气1.(2019天津一中,19)He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he be quite charming when he wishes.答案can2.(2019北京海淀11月)If they (lose)the game to the visiting team yesterday, their coach would have been fired.答案had lost3.(2019北京海淀11月)Kelly failed Mr. Brown’s literature course. She have handed in the report earlier.答案should4.(2019天津一中,29)We would celebrate the victory together we win the game tomorrow.答案should5.(2019东北三校期中,12)The old lady insisted that the young man had hit her and that he (send)to the police station.答案(should)be sent6.(2018北京朝阳期中,4)He has no idea what the book is about. He have read it very carefully.答案can’t7.(2018北京海淀期中,32)The price on this packet is wrong. It be $2.50, not $3.50.答案should8.(2018北京期中联考,21)In China, you vote when you are 18.答案can9.(2018安徽淮南三市联考,65)I didn’t know your mobile phone number; otherwise I (call)you the moment I got to Canada.答案would have called10.(2018北京师范大学附中期末,21) The door open, no matter how hard she pushed.答案wouldn’tB组2017—2019年模拟·综合题组Passage 1(用所给动词的适当形式填空)My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1 (remind)me of myself.In the past,I 2 (be)never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight,my height,my hairstyle,etc.At that time,I was the shortest student in my class. Istarted getting depressed.However,someone told me something that I will always remember.It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who 3 (point)at me and laughed at me,I couldn’t he lp crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise,someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.I then knew it was our English teacher,Miss Li. She said,“You 4 (be)perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5 (accept)you for who you 6 (be). But if you cannot accept yourself,then how will other people accept you?” I7 (inspire)by her words. Over the past few months,I 8 (learn)that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9 (love)me for who I am.Now,seeing Kaiya cry,I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10 (tell)me.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案1.reminds2.was3.pointed4.are5.will accept6.are7.was inspired8.have learned/learnt9.love10.toldPassage 2(用所给动词的适当形式填空)Sara:Thomas, your English 1 (be)so good. I wonder how you 2 (learn)it. Thomas:Well, in my country everyone has to learn English from the first grade. Sara:Wow,that’s interesting.However,when I 3 (visit)your family last year,it 4 (seem)there weren’t many people that could speak with me in English. Thomas:Oh,that’s because they are shy.They 5 (be)not accustomed to talking with foreigners.Although I 6 (learn)English for 10 years, when I first came to the US, I was really nervous about speaking with the people here.Sara:I see.I thought there 7 (be)lots of Americans teaching English in your country.Thomas:Yes,that’s true.There are more American teachers now than there8 (be)five years ago,but they are mostly in cities. My family lives in the country.Sara:I wonder why. Personally I 9 (prefer)the country to the city. I like the life there. It’s so quiet,peaceful and beautiful. If I10 (teach),I would want to teach in the country.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案1.is2.learned/learnt3.visited4.seemed5.are6.had learned/learnt7.were8.were9.prefer10.taughtPassage 3(用所给动词的适当形式填空)It was getting dark when I 1 (get)home.It was cold and I 2 (wear)a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out my key but I 3 (can)not find it.I suddenly remembered that I 4 (leave)it on my desk in the office.It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife 5 (be)at home and the children must have come back from school by now,so I 6 (knock)at the door.There was no answer,so I knocked again.I continued knocking at the door for some time.I was getting angry.Then I remembered something that the office boy 7 (tell)me at noon.He said that my wife 8 (phone)saying that she 9 (go)shopping in the afternoon with the children.There 10 (be)only one thing for me to do:I had to climb in through a window. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案1.got2.was wearing3.could4.had left5.was6.knocked7.had told8.had phoned9.would go10.wasPassage 4(综合填空)Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1 (be)the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesn’t. However,people believe if Peter2 (work)as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study.At home,their parents suggest that they 3 (finish)their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 4 (be)OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.One day,when doing his homework,Tom found he made a serious mistake. So he put his exercise book aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercise book,he struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ mother, she was very angry and shouted at Peter,“How I wish you 5 (be)as diligent as your brother!Now it’s time that I 6 (give)you a good lesson. And you 7 play any computer games for a month!”“Oh,no!Mom.8 a computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 9 (ask)me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset.“If you10 (finish)your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now,” said the mother.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案1.were2.worked3.(should)finish4.is5.were6.gave/should give7.mustn’t8.Without9.asked10.had finishedPassage 5(综合填空)Tom:Hi,Mr.Smith. 1 you give me a hand?Mr.Smith:Of course.You 2 hesitate to ask me for help.What’s the matter with you?Tom:My mum is always complaining about my going back home late after school. Mr.Smith:What do you usually do after school?Tom:I usually go to the playground to play basketball. But I know that I 3 go home first.Mr.Smith:Why don’t you go home directly?Tom:My mother usually says,“Every student 4 do their homework first after school, and that is a rule for all of the students.” You see, if I 5 (do)my homework first now, I couldn’t have a rest or relax. I am so tired.Mr.Smith:Both you and your mum are reasonable. As a mother,she believes that you 6 never work too hard, while you think you need some time to have a rest.Does your mother know what you think?Tom:No.Even if I 7 (tell)her before,she wouldn’t have understood it.Mr.Smith:I don’t think you are right.I think you should tell your mother what you think and she would understand you.Besides, you had better not hide your feelings from your mother and you 8 as well learn to communicate with her.Tom:Thank you for your advice.It is high time I 9 (talk)with her.Mr.Smith:I 10 agree more.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案1.Can/Could2.needn’t3.should4.shall5.did6.can7.had told8.might9.talked/should talk10.can’t。

课标专用5年高考3年模拟A版2021高考英语专题十五书面表达课件

【例2】 And we can also know the society by serving it yourself. 解析句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。应将we改为you 或将yourself改为ourselves。答案 And we can also know the society by serving it ourselves./And you can also know the society by serving it yourself. 2.修饰语错位英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能发生变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有给予足够的重视,因而造成误解。
2.修饰语错位英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能发生变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有给予足够的重视,因而造成误解。【例3】 He believes he can do it well and he will better know the world outside the campus. 解析 better位置不当,应置于句末。答案 He believes he can do it well and he will know the world outside the campus better.
或更多的谓语,但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。如: China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects.(两个主语,一个谓语) 中国和中国人民在很多方面以难以置信的速度进步。
Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention by people.(两个谓语,一个主语) 计算机对人类很重要,并越来越受到人们的重视。 2.并列句(Compound Sentence) 并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的。从语法上讲,所谓“并列”“对等”是指任何一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思,谁也不从属于谁。尽管如此,这些主谓结构在意思或逻辑上也有一定程度的内在联系。否则,它们就可能被分别写成简单句,而

5年高考3年模拟A版浙江省2024年高考英语总复习专题十七概要写作教师用书含解析

专题十七概要写作挖命题【考情探究】考点考查内容考查方式考情分析2024.11 2024.6 2024.11 2024.6 2024.10概要写作1.对原文主旨及要点的理解和呈现状况;2.概括要点时语法结构和词汇应用的精确性;3.概要文章上下文的连贯性;4.对各要点表达的独立性状况供应一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要在申请高校之前,最好亲自去目标学校看一下。

假如时间和金钱不允许,就在网上获得信息分析解读概要写作是综合性的写作考查。

要求考生首先对原文有精确的理解、对原文的结构和要点有精确的把握,然后再用高级的语法结构及合适的连接词写出包含全部要点的短文。

所以,考生要想做好本题,就必需留意以下几点:(1)精确理解文章。

(2)把握文章的各个要点。

(3)运用精确的语法结构、丰富的词汇和合适的连接词。

(4)运用自己的语言表述,不要照抄原文中的句子。

【真题典例】阅读下面短文,依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校内)like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make 概要写作的文章一般都是说明文或争论文。

12.专题十二猜测词义(试题部分) 【2021版《5年高考3年模拟》A版课标版英语教师用书】

专题十二猜测词义探考情悟真题【考情探究】考卷年份课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅱ课标全国Ⅲ2019第25题第21题,第25题第26题2018第29题第26题第32题2017第33题第26题第29题2016第29题第27题,第30题第26题,第30题2015第31题第22题——考点内容要求学生能够读懂书籍、报纸、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息,根据上下文推断生词的词义。

分析解读猜测词义题旨在考查学生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句意的能力．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．,．突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。

它不仅涉及学生的语言水平,还涉及学生的语言应用能力和综合素质等方面。

猜测词义题虽不是阅读测试的重点,但也是常考题目,是对学生多方面综合能力的考查。

因此,今后的高考中这类试题也将保持平稳趋势,而且试题增加了对短语、句意的猜测的考查．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。

近几年猜测词义题难度略有增加,需在较为复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。

【五年高考】A组统一命题·课标卷题组Passage1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:329For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue,N.Y.,today is speech day,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.The8-year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes,he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should...should...”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him,whispering support.“...Vote for...me...”Except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants,Chris started learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year,when called upon to read,Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student,”Whaley explains,“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language,to feel confident enough to say,‘I don’t know,but I want to know.’”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself,and your best qualities,”Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”1.What made Chris nervous?A.Telling a story.B.Making a speech.C.Taking a test.D.Answering a question.2.What does the underlined word“stumbles” in paragraph2refer to?A.Improper pauses.B.Bad manners.C.Spelling mistakes.D.Silly jokes.3.We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to.A.help students see their own strengthsB.assess students’public speaking skillsC.prepare students for their future jobsD.inspire students’love for politics4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.答案1.B2.A3.A4.CPassage2(2019课标全国Ⅱ,A)词数:264My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress,Miss Trunchbull,are equally funny and frightening,but they’re also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt’s about two sisters—Eri,a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping,and Mari,a young student.In trying to connect to her sister,Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse“night people”who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did,but the horror story is brilliant.There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable.The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around.After a serious flu outbreak wipes out99.4%of the world’s population,a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.1.Who does“I” refer to in the text?A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar.D.Roald Dahl.2.Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A.Cosmopolitan.B.Matilda.C.After Dark.D.The Stand.3.What kind of book is Gone Girl?A.A folk tale.B.A biography.C.A love story.D.A horror story.答案1.C2.C3.DPassage3(2019课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:338“You can use me as a last resort(选择),and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on...At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright.Yes,I’ll do it.”I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way,the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still,most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense,I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.However,if others benefit in the process,and I get some reward too,does it really matter where my motivation lies?1.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph1?A.She knows little about the club.B.She isn’t good at sports.C.She just doesn’t want to volunteer.D.She’s unable to meet her schedule.2.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph2mean?A.Encourage teamwork.B.Appeal to feelings.C.Promote good deeds.D.Provide advice.3.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph3?A.She gets interested in lacrosse.B.She is proud of her kids.C.She’ll work for another season.D.She becomes a good helper.4.Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A.It gives her a sense of duty.B.It makes her very happy.C.It enables her to work hard.D.It brings her material rewards.答案1.C2.B3.D4.BPassage4(2018课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:294Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps12,000languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about6,800languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around200languages;the Americas about1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over400of the total of6,800languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph2?plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than6,000people at present?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.4.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.答案1.B2.C3.B4.CPassage5(2018课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:258Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries,strawberries are highest in vitamin C,although,because of their seeds,raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质),iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein).Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质).The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries(樱桃),they are so delicious.Whocares?However,they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits,frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick,cooling fruit shakes and low fat“ice cream”.For this purpose,select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.If you like,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.Frozen bananas will last several weeks,depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.。

《5年高考3年模拟》A版教师用书配套课件北京版英语 (11)

第三部分书面表达专题十四书面表达挖命题【考情探究】内容五年高考试题2014北京卷2015北京卷2016北京卷2017北京卷2018北京卷第一节要求考生根据所给提示,用英语写一篇不少于50词的短文应用文应用文应用文应用文应用文第二节要求考生根据所给情景,用英语写一篇不少于60词的短文。

记叙事情的经过情景作文情景作文情景作文情景作文情景作文分析解读近五年北京市高考一直保持考查两篇作文的模式,第一节作文以交流为目的,更加关注学生是否能够使用恰当的语言完成书面交际任务。

第二节作文以记叙经历的一件事为主,用图片来传递事情的主要内容,话题贴近学生的生活。

【真题典例】真题再现假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,请给你的美国朋友Jim写一封邮件,告诉他你打算参加龙舟训练营,希望他一起参加。

邮件的内容包括:1.介绍训练营的相关内容(例如:时间、地点、参加者等);2.说明你打算参加的原因;3.询问对方的意向。

注意:1.词数不少于50;2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。

提示词:龙舟训练营Dragon Boat Training Camp 写作点拨此题为提纲类作文,写作时需要将提纲中所列要点全部涵盖,可以适当增添与主旨紧密相关的细节。

写作时主要使用第一人称和第三人称,时态主要包括一般现在时和一般将来时。

由于文章是邮件,写作时要Dear Jim,Yours, Li Hua体现交流的功能,不要仅在开头“打招呼”、在结尾“说再见”,考生应在字里行间自然地流露出与收信人的沟通。

范文一览范文解读Dear Jim,I m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.I intend to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp.I wonder if you d like to go with me.This camp will open on July 20th.It offers teenagers,like you and me,a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.If you are interested in it,let me know and I ll send you more information.Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer.Yours, Li Hua信件开门见山,告诉收信人写信的目的和自己的打算并询问对方是否愿意参加。

课标专用5年高考3年模拟A版2021高考英语专题十一推理判断试题

专题十一推理判断探考情悟真题【考情探究】考卷年份课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅱ 课标全国Ⅲ2019第26题,第27题,第31题,第32题第23题,第24题,第26题, 第27题,第32题,第34题第25题, 第29题, 第31题, 第34题, 第35题 2018第25题,第26题,第28题,第32题,第35题第25题,第27题,第34题第24题, 第26题, 第28题, 第30题, 第34题 2017第23题,第24题,第27题,第29题,第30题第24题,第27题,第29题,第30题,第33题,第34题,第35题第24题, 第26题, 第27题,第30题,第31题 2016第24题,第26题,第28题,第32题,第33题第26题,第28题,第29题,第33题,第34题第27题,第31题,第33题 2015第24题,第28题,第33题,第34题,第35题第21题,第24题,第29题,第30题,第31题 —— 考点内容要求考生根据文章所提供的事实及自己的一些常识进行合理的推断,判断作者的意图,人物的动机、目的及性格特征,事件发生的前因后果等。

分析解读高考推理判断题主要考查考生:(1)推断隐含意义的能力．．．．．．．．．。

(2)推断作者的观点或态度的能力．．．．．．．．．．．．．。

(3)推断写作目的的能力．．．．．．．．．。

(4)推断文章出处的能力．．．．．．．．．。

(5)推断上下文内容的能力．．．．．．．．．．。

要求考生在阅读过程中贯通表面意思和内涵,并把已知和未知的信息联系起来,以文章所提供的事实为依据,经过分析思考而形成一定的观点。

考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实,在通盘理解文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意,并作出正确的推断。

【五年高考】A组统一命题·课标卷题组Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:261As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A.To reduce pressure on keys.B.To improve accuracy in typing.C.To replace the password system.D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?puters are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A.It’ll be environment-friendly.B.It’ll reach consumers soon.C.It’ll be made of plastics.D.It’ll help speed up typing.4.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diary.B.A guidebook.C.A novel.D.A magazine.答案1.D2.C3.B4.DPassage 2(2019课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:313Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer’s office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usuallytwo or three cents was charged—and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public’s fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.1.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A.Academic.B.Unattractive.C.Inexpensive.D.Confidential.2.What did street sales mean to newspapers?A.They would be priced higher.B.They would disappear from cities.C.They could have more readers.D.They could regain public trust.3.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A.Local politicians.mon people.C.Young publishers.D.Rich businessmen.4.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A.It was a difficult process.B.It was a temporary success.C.It was a robbery of the poor.D.It was a disaster for printers.答案1.B2.C3.B4.APassage 3(2019课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:329Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0~25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quant ity is represented in their brains,” Dr. Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”1.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A.They fed them.B.They named them.C.They trained them.D.They measured them.2.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A.By drawing a circle.B.By touching a screen.C.By watching videos.D.By mixing two drinks.3.What did Livingstone’s team find about the monkeys?A.They could perform basic addition.B.They could understand simple words.C.They could memorize numbers easily.D.They could hold their attention for long.4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A.Entertainment.B.Health.cation.D.Science.答案1.C2.B3.A4.DPassage 4(2018课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:351We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’room, and suddenlyone day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one research er. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what’s the solution(解决方案)?The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.1.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.2.Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage 5(2018课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:368While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,”he said.“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,”he said.“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,”said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.1.Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are .A.following the latest world trendB.getting international recognitionC.working harder than ever beforeD.relying on foreign architects2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A.Its hilly environment.B.Its large size.C.Its unique style.D.Its diverse functions.3.What made Wang’s architectural design a success?A.The mixture of different shapes.B.The balance of East and West.C.The use of popular techniques.D.The harmony of old and new.4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A.Spread them to the world.B.Preserve them at museums.C.Teach them in universities.D.Recreate them in practice.答案1.B2.C3.D4.DPassage 6(2017课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:290I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground. When Iarrived, I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.1.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?A.Efforts made in vain.B.Getting injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future.D.Creatures forced out of their homes.2.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A.To rescue a woman.B.To take care of a woman.C.To look at a baby owl.D.To cure a young owl.3.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest.B.Some food.C.A recording.D.Its parents.4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.It’s unexpected.B.It’s beautiful.C.It’s humorous.D.It’s discouraging.答案1.A2.C3.A4.BPassage 7(2017课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:288When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are naturalenemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happenedto“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.答案1.D2.A3.B4.CPassage 8(2017课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:274Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置)was also areason.“This used to be the center of town,”he said.“Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.1.In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?A.It made room for new equipment.B.It signaled the closedown of the theater.C.It was done with the help of the audience.D.It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.2.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A.It was an all-time classic.B.It was about the history of the town.C.The audience requested it.D.The theater owner found it suitable.3.What will probably happen to the building?A.It will be repaired.B.It will be turned into a museum.C.It will be knocked down.D.It will be sold to the city government.4.What can we infer about the audience?A.They are disappointed with Bradford.B.They are sad to part with the old theater.C.They are supportive of the city officials.D.They are eager to have a shopping center.答案1.B2.D3.C4.BPassage 9(2016课标全国Ⅰ,A)词数:293You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860—1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907—1964)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O’Connor(1930—present)When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913—2005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,”said Parks.1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.2.What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day O’Connor.D.Rosa Parks.4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peace-lovers.答案1.A2.C3.D4.CPassage 10(2016课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:293A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first-ratephoto-journalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难),by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott haddone. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.1.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A.They were made last week.B.They showed undersea sceneries.C.They were found by a cameraman.D.They recorded a disastrous adventure.2.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A.Frank Hurley.B.Ernest Shackleton.C.Robert Falcon Scott.D.Caroline Alexander.3.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A.Artistic creation.B.Scientific research.C.Money making.D.Treasure hunting.答案1.D2.C3.CPassage 11(2016课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:279If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts’ lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.。

5年高考3年模拟A版浙江省年高考英语总复习专题十二词义猜测教师用书含解析0516310.docx

专题十二词义猜测挖命题【考情探究】分析解读 1.词义猜测题考查考生根据上下文的语境推断生词词义的能力,同时也考查考生对语境的正确分析和把握能力。

该题型出现的题量不是很大,但是一般都有一定的难度,是具有区分度的题目之一。

2.所猜测内容一般是超纲的比较生僻的单词或词组,有时也会是一个句子。

3.除了指代关系的设题,正确选项一般是该词或词组的近义词或释义。

该近义词或释义能够从该词所在的句子上下文中得到足够明确的信息。

而错误选项一般也可以通过上下文的语义予以排除。

过专题【五年高考】A组2018年全国高考题组Passage 1(2018课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:294Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200.4.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.答案1.B2.C3.B4.CPassage 2(2018课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:258Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious. Who cares?However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat“ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve”creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party;they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.1.What does the author seem to like about cherries?A.They contain protein.B.They are high in vitamin A.C.They have a pleasant taste.D.They are rich in antioxidants.2.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A.To make them smell better.B.To keep their colour.C.To speed up their ripening.D.To improve their nutrition.3.What is“a juicer”in the last paragraph?A.A dessert.B.A drink.C.A container.D.A machine.4.From which is the text probably taken?A.A biology textbook.B.A health magazine.C.A research paper.D.A travel brochure.答案1.C2.B3.D4.BPassage 3(2018课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:304Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings?The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).For weeks, I’ve been thinking of bigger, deeper questions:How do we make it a habit for them?And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less?Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball—simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.1.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.The more, the better.B.Enough is enough.C.More money, more worries.D.Earn more and spend more.2.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A.Saving up for her holiday.B.Raising money for a poor girl.C.Adding the money to her fund.D.Giving the money to a sick mother.3.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A.To try out an idea.B.To show a parent’s love.C.To train his attention.D.To help him start a hobby.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Take It or Leave ItB.A Lesson from KidsC.Live More with LessD.The Pleasure of Giving答案1.A2.C3.A4.CPassage 4(2018北京,D)词数:479Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient,affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars?Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车)services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施)and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.1.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless carscan .A.help deal with transportation-related problemsB.provide better services to customersC.cause damage to our environmentD.make some people lose jobs2.As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?A.Safety.B.Side effects.C.Affordability.D.Management.3.What does the underlined word“fielded”in Paragraph 4 pro bably mean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.4.What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.答案1.A2.D3.A4.BB组2014—2017年全国高考题组Unit 1Passage 1(2017课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:311A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunat ely, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5'×5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体)with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发)and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.It’s delicate.B.It’s expensive.C.It’s complex.D.It’s portable.2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheet’s center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from .A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet答案1.D2.B3.C4.DPassage 2(2017课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:288When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. B ecause we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happenedto“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can se e and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.答案1.D2.A3.B4.CPassage 3(2017天津,C)词数:330This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley”of autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things:that a car always chooses property(财产)damage over personal injury;that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race;and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email, say—the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,”says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任)issue is the biggest one of them all,”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human“be watchful and monitoring the road”at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you say‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars,”Merat says.“You know—no driver.”Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US, however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,”says Calo.1.What does the phrase“death valley”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.A place where cars often break down.B.A case where passing a law is impossible.C.An area where no driving is permitted.D.A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.2.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to .A.stop people from breaking traffic rulesB.help promote fully automatic drivingC.protect drivers of all ages and racesD.prevent serious property damage3.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.B.It should be the main concern of law makers.C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D.It should involve no human responsibility.4.Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in .A.SingaporeB.the UKC.the USD.Germany5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Autonomous Driving:Whose Liability?B.Fully Automatic Cars:A New BreakthroughC.Autonomous Vehicles:Driver Removed!D.Driverless Cars:Root of Road Accidents答案1.D2.B3.D4.C5.APassage 4(2017江苏,D)词数:690Old Problem, New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climatechange. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that:“There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接)to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level:his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉)water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space)has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.1.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .A.adaptation is an ever-changing processB.the cost of adaptation varies with timeC.global warming affects adaptation formsD.adaptation to climate change is challenging2.What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?A.The project receives government support.B.Different organizations work with each other.C.His organization makes the best of a bad situation.D.The project connects flooded roads and highways.3.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A.Storing ice for future use.B.Protecting the glaciers from melting.C.Changing the irrigation time.D.Postponing the melting of the glaciers.4.What do we learn from the Peru example?A.White paint is usually safe for buildings.B.The global warming trend cannot be stopped.C.This country is heating up too quickly.D.Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.5.According to the author, polluting industries should .A.adapt to carbon pollutionB.plant highly profitable cropsC.leave carbon emission aloneD.fight against carbon pollution6.What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?A.Setting up a new standard.B.Reducing carbon emission.C.Adapting to climate change.D.Monitoring polluting industries.答案1.A2.C3.A4.D5.D6.BUnit 2Passage 1(2017江苏,B)词数:346Red-backed fairy wrens(鹪鹩),which live in northern and eastern Australia, lay three or four eggs at a time.Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But When it comes to embryonic learning(胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk:Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world.This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched,the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular“feed me!”call.To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inferenc e can then be drawn.“As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?”Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”1.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“”.A.be the worstB.be the bestC.be just as badD.be just as good2.What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?A.Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.B.The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.C.The data collected from Queensland’s locals.D.Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.3.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which .A.can receive quality signalsB.are in need of trainingC.fit the environment betterD.make the loudest call答案1.B2.A3.CPassage 2(2016课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:269I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I’ve done 89 trips—of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long th ey last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:“Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything.。

课标5年高考3年模拟A版21高考英语专题三形容词副词数词课件

⑧energy-saving 节省能源的
⑨grass-eating 食草的
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课标5年高考3年模拟A版
6
⑩snow-white 雪白的 ten-year-old 十岁的 four-storied 四层的
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课标5年高考3年模拟A版
7
二、副词的基本用法 1.副词的句法功能
grey→greyer→greyest (2)有少数几个双音节词以及以 -er和 -le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。
common→commoner/more common→commonest/most common
clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever
2021/4/17
课标5年高考3年模拟A版
22
三、表示倍数的几个句型
句型倍数+as...as... 倍数+比较级+than... 倍数+the+名词+of... 倍数+what从句倍数+that/those of...
例句
At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times as big as Great Britain.
一、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则 1.规则变化
构成
原级
比较级
最高级
一般加 -er, -est
strong强壮的
stronger较强壮的
strongest最强壮的
以字母e结尾只加 -r,-st late晚的
later较晚的
latest最晚的
以一个辅音字母结尾 hot热的的重读闭音节词,双写 thin瘦的这一辅音字母后再加 er,-est

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