海天六级作文讲义
英语六级写作讲义-保你六级作文得高分
大学英语六级考试短文写作一、六级写作评分标准大学英语六级考试作文的目的旨在考核学生英语书面表达的能力。
作文考试时间为30分钟, 要求写出不少于150个词的短文。
六级考试作文的出题方式有：命题作文，看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章（英文或中文）写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文等。
考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。
对作文的要求是：切题，文理通顺，表达正确，意思连贯，无重大语言错误。
(一) 作文评分原则1. CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。
2. CET作文题采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。
阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores）,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
3. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。
内容和语言是一个统一体，作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。
要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
4. 避免趋中倾向。
该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括0分，一名阅卷人员在所阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。
(二) 作文评分标准1. 本题满分为15分。
2. 阅卷标准共分五等: 2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。
各有标准样卷一至二份。
3. 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分），若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，即可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分），但不得加或减半分。
4. 评分标准：2分……条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分……基本切题。
表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。
有较多的严重语言错误。
8分……基本切题。
有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
海天考研-秋季六级-赵南望-阅读课件
2014考研英语辅导大学英语六级阅读讲义第一部分（补充阅读）主讲：赵南望Text 1Aristotle wrote that men come together in cities to live, but stay in them to live the good life. It was the Greeks who invented the idea of the city, and urbanity continues as a thriving tradition. But in the first decade of the 21st century, urban life is changing. “Cities are now junctions in the flows of people, information, finance and freight,” says Nigel Harris, a professor of development planning. “They’re less and less places where people live and work.”The enlargement of the European Union in December in 2002 has given residents of up to 13 new member nations freedom of movement within its borders. At the same time, an additional 13.5 million immigrants a year will be needed in the EU just to keep a stable ratio between workers and pensioners over the next half century. All this mobility will make Europe’s cities nodes of nomadism, linked to each other by high-speed trains and cheap airline flights. The bustle around airports and train stations will ma ke the crowds in Europe’s great piazza look thin by comparison. Urban designers, with a freshly pricked interest in transience rather than stasis, are even now dreaming up cityscapes that focus on flows of people and fungible uses for buildings.Public spaces are due for a revamp. Earlier architects conceived of train stations as single buildings; today’s designers are thinking of them as transit zones that link to the city around them, pouring travelers into bus stations and surrounding shops, In Amsterdam, urban planner Ben van Berkel, co-director of the design firm of UN Studio, has developed what he calls Deep Planning Strategy, which inverts the traditional “top-down” approach: the creation of a space comes before the flow of people through it. With 3-D modeling and animation, he’s able to look at different population groups use public spaces at different times of the day. He uses the data todesign spaces that accommodate mobs at rush hour and sparser crowds at other times.The growing mobility of Europe has inspired a debate about the look and feel of urban sprawl. “Up until now, all our cultural heritage has been concentrated in the city center,” notes Prof. Heinrich Moding of the German Institute of Urban Affairs. “But we’ve got to imagine how it’s po ssible to have joyful vibrancy in these outlying parts, so that they’re not just about garages, highways and gasoline tanks.” The designs of new building are also changing to anticipate the emerging city as a way station. Buildings have been seen as disconnecting, isolating, defining. But increasingly, the quality of space that’s in demand is movement.Text 2Pain, unfortunately, is a horrible necessity of life. It protects people by alerting them to things that might injure them. But some long-term pain has nothing to do with any obvious injury. One estimate suggests that one in six adults suffer from a “chronic pain” condition.Steve McMahon, a pain researcher at King’s College, London, says that if skin is damaged, for instance with a hot iron, an area of sensitivity develops around the outside of the burn where although untouched and undamaged by the iron the behavior of the nerve fibers is disrupted. As a result, heightened sensitivity and abnormal pain sensations occur in the surrounding skin. Chronic pain, he says, may similarly be caused not by damage to the body, but because weak pain signals become amplified.This would also help explain why chronic pains such as lower-back pain and osteoarthritis fail to respond well to traditional pain therapies. But now an entirely new kind of drug, called Tanezumab, has been developed. It is an antibody for a protein called nerve growth factor (NGF), which is vital for new nerve growth during development. NGF, it turns out, is also crucial in the regulation of the sensitization of pain in chronic conditions.Kenneth Verburg, one of the researchers involved in the development of Tanezumab at Pfizer, says it is not exactly clear what role NGF plays in normal physiology, but after an injury which involves tissue damage and inflammation, levels of NGF increase dramatically. NGF seems to be involved in transmitting the pain signal. As a consequence, blocking NGF reduces chronic pain.Tanezumab must still complete the final stages of clinical trials before it can become a weapon in the toolkit for reducing human suffering. But unexpected pains do not always come from the body. According to Irene Tracey, a pain researcher at the University of Oxford, how pain is experienced also depends upon a person’s state of mind. If successive patients suffer the same burn, the extent to which it hurts will depend on whether one is anxious, depressed, happy or distracted.Such ideas are being explored with brain scans which suggest that even if a low level of p ain is being sent to the brain, the signal can be turned up by the “mind” itself. Indeed, patients can even be tricked into feeling pain.In one experiment volunteers were given a powerful analgesic and subjected to a painful stimulus—which, because of the analgesic, they could not feel. Then they were told the drug had worn off (although it had not), and subsequently complained that the stimulus hurt.People can, therefore, feel pain simply because it is expected. They can fail to feel pain for exactly the same reasons, for example when they are given placebos or are distracted. But although pain may be subjective, that does not mean the final experience is controlled solely by the mind.A recent paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has shown that genes play a role in determining sensitivity to pain. One gene, known as SCN9A, codes for a protein that allows the channels along which nerve signals are transmitted to remain active for longer and thus transmit more pain signals. It seems likely that this protein will attract a great deal more analgesic research. Variations in SCN9A may also explain why some patients prefer different classes of painkillers.Although pain may be a horrible necessity, there is no doubt that humanity could cope with far less of the chronic sort. Understanding how the mind, the body andpeople’s genes interact to cause pain should bring more relief.Text 3More than 41m Americans tuned in on March 7th to watch “The Hurt Locker” win the award for best picture at the Oscars, the annual ritual of glitz that reminds the world that Hollywood is the global centre of the film and entertainment industry. “The Hurt Locker”, however, was filmed in Jordan, not Hollywood. Perhaps that is as it should be for a f ilm set in Iraq. But what about “Battle: Los Angeles”? Hitting cinemas next year, it is a film about marines fighting an alien invasion. And it is being shot in Louisiana.California has been worrying about “runaway production” since 1998, when Canada began luring producers and their crews away from Los Angeles with tax breaks. Other places followed, and all but seven American states and territories and 24 other countries now offer, or are preparing to offer, rebates, grants or tax credits that cut 20%, 30% or even 40% of the cost of shooting a movie.These incentives have become a huge factor in choosing where to shoot a film. Hollywood types are used to going on location, says Amy Lemisch, the director of the California Film Commission, a state body that tries to retain film production. These days, she says, producers first compare the incentives offered by the different locations and only then look at their scripts to see which of the places on the shortlist make sense. California’s world share of studio f ilms (ie, those made by the six biggest studios) dropped from 66% in 2003 to 34% in 2008, she estimates, and has fallen further since then.The decline in movie-shooting would have been even faster if California had not, last July, also got into the game of giving out incentives. Ten feature films which would otherwise have been made outside the state were filmed in Los Angeles in the second half of 2009 purely because of this financial aid. But California’s incentives are relatively modest, says Ms Lemisch, and are set to expire in 2014.It may seem strange that even states with budget crises, such as Michigan, New York or California, choose to make their deficits worse with such giveaways—and in Michigan the tax credits have indeed become controversial. But states and countries are enthusiastic about hosting film crews, for good reason. With no factories to build, the economic benefit is instantaneous. Jack Kyser at the Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation estimates that the average film (with a budget of $32m) leads to 141 jobs directly, from caterers to make-up artists, and another 425 jobs indirectly. And it generates $4.1m in sales taxes and income taxes.Even with its film schools and armies of cameramen and extras, therefore, Hollywood is not quite as unshakable as it once thought. The business of film-making may split, says Ms Lemisch, with the lawyers, agents and other suits staying in their Brentwood and Bel Air villas, and the crews decamping. Every time a film is shot in another state, moreover, the locals pick up skills that make subsequent shoots easier. In a sign of how desperate Los Angeles is becoming, the city is now considering offering its most treasured resource to crew members at no charge: parking places.第二部分（新题型）主讲：赵南望Text 1Graduating high school seniors looking to enter the workforce and other high school students searching for summer jobs are facing a tighter job market this year as the once red-hot U.S. economy continues to cool. Nationally, the jobless rate for 16- to 19-year-olds continues to rise. The unemployment rate for teenagers hit 14.2 percent in April, compared with 12.8 percent last year, according to the U.S. Department of Labor.“It’s very obvious that it’s going to be a little harder this summer, becau se businesses are much more reserved and cautious,” said Mark J. Gambill, the vicepresident of marketing at Manpower Inc. , the nation’s largest temporary employment agency. The New York City-based company recently surveyed 16,000 public and private employers. It found manufacturing, light industry, and high-tech firms were least likely to be seeking employees.Temporary jobs typically are the first to suffer in a slowing economy, but other sectors that employ teenagers heavily have fallen on leaner times as well. For instance, the amusement, recreation, and hotel industries shed a combined 43000 jobs in March and April, said John F. Stinson Jr. , an economist at the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Ironically, the pinch comes as the nation’s overall jobles s rate remains low. Statistics show that fewer teenagers have been jobless over the past few summers than at any time during the previous decade. “The jobless rates are still low by historical standards,” Mr. Stinson said. Ten years ago, for example, the u nemployment rate for 16- to 19-year-old workers was 21.1 percent in June and 15.7 percent in July. Last year, the rate was 14.4 percent and 12.4 percent, respectively, federal figures show.Experts say teenagers looking for summer work still can find jobs but not lots of pay. The continuing slump in the nation’s high-tech sector and lingering uncertainty over the general health of the economy have combined to limit teenagers’ job options to the type of work that American youths typically have thrived on——the retail and fast-food industries.For the past several years, experts say, large numbers of teenagers found work with high-paying technology companies. But those heady days of $50000 starting salaries for those with computer skills and only a high school diploma have ended.Nationally, some 2.8 million students are expected to graduate from public and private high schools this year, according to the U.S. Department of Education. Lacking some sort of post secondary education or training virtually ensures those graduates will garner low wages. Ron Bird, the chief economist at the Employment Policy Foundation, a Washington-based nonprofit think tank, said economic projections show that wage growth for those with only a high school diploma will be the slowest among all groups.“There is a fundamental shift evident in the U.S. economy, ties primarily to technology, that will reward more professional, management, and technical-type jobs as opposed to line operators,” he said.Text 2The United Stated is said to have a mixed economy because privately owned businesses and government both play important roles. Indeed, some of the most enduring debates of American economic history focus on the relative roles of the public and private sectors.The American free enterprise system emphasizes private ownership. Private businesses produce most goods and services, and almost two-thirds of the nation’s total economic output goes to individuals for personal use (the remaining one-third is bought by government and business). The consumer role is so great, in fact, that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a “consumer economy”.This emphasis on private ownership arises, in part, from American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time the nation was created, Americans have feared excessive government power, and they have to sought to limit government’s authority over individuals——including its role in the economic realm. In addition, Americans generally believe that an economy characterized by private ownership is likely to operate more efficiently than one with substantial government ownership.When economic forces are unfettered, Americans believe, supply and demand determine the prices of goods and services. Prices, in turn, tell businesses what to produce; if people want more of a particular goods than the economy is producing, the price of the goods rises. That catches the attention of new or other companies that, sensing an opportunity to earn profits, start producing more of that goods. On the other hand, if people want less of the goods, prices fall and less competitive producers either go out of business or start producing different goods.There are limits to free enterprise, however. Americans have always believed thatsome services are better performed by public rather than private enterprise. For instance, in the United States, government is primarily responsible for the administration of justice, education, the road system, and national defense.In this mixed economy, individuals can help guide the economy not only through the choices they make as consumers but through the votes they cast for officials who shape economic policy. In recent years, consumers have voiced concerns about product safety, environmental threats posed by certain industrial practices, and potential health risks citizens may face; government has responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare.Text 3It is not just meetings of the rich and powerful that are getting increasingly cosmop olitan. Global universities are “reshaping the world”, argues Ben Wildavsky, the author of “The Great Brain Race”. Because big problems often transcend borders, many ambitious students demand a global education. The number of people studying outside their home country jumped from below 2m in 2000 to 3.3m in 2008, according to the OECD.The most popular destination is the English-speaking world, led by America, which hosts 19% of the world’s mobile students. French and German universities are also popular, but more narrow in their allure. Most of the foreign students in France come from Europe or former colonies in Africa, but foreign students in America come from everywhere.America’s lead is declining slightly, but remains huge at the top of the knowledge tree. Two-thirds of postgraduates who study abroad choose America. In some of the hardest disciplines most postgrads at American universities are foreign: 65% in computing and economics, 56% in physics and 55% in maths, notes Mr Wildavsky.Text 4Wine buffs are like art collectors. Few can tell the difference between a well-made fake and the real thing. Yet whereas counterfeit art has been around for centuries, wine forgery is relatively new. It started in the late 1970s when the prices of the best wines—especially those from Bordeaux—shot up. Today, with demand from China fuelling a remarkable boom, counterfeiting is rife. By some estimates 5% of fine wines sold at auction or on the secondary market are not what they claim to be on the label.The simplest technique is to slap the label of a 1982 Château Lafite (one of the most prized recent vintages) onto a bottle of 1975 Lafite (a less divine year). Another trick is to bribe the sommelier of a fancy restaurant to pass on empty bottles that once held expensive wine, along with the corks. These can be refilled with cheaper wine, recorked and resealed. Empty Lafite and Latour bottles are sold on eBay for several hundred euros.The margins are fruity. A great wine may cost hundreds of times more than a merely excellent one. Small wonder that oenophiles are growing more vigilant. Bill Koch, an energy tycoon and avid wine collector, currently has five lawsuits pending against merchants, auctioneers and other collectors. His grape-related gripes began in 2006, when he filed a complaint against a German wine dealer who sold bottles of Lafite he claimed had once belonged to Thomas Jefferson. The case is unresolved.“There is a code of silence in the industry,” says Mr Koch, who owns 43,000 bottles of wine and estimates that he has spent $4m-5m on fakes. Some collectors are too proud to admit that they have been duped. Others fear sullying a vintage’s reputation and thereby reducing the value of their own collections. So instead of speaking out, “they dum p their fakes into auctions or sell them to other private collectors,” says Mr Koch.Wine merchants and auction houses say they are doing everything they can to filter out the fakes. Simon Berry, the chairman of Berry Brothers & Rudd, a Britishwine merchant, says his firm never buys wines from before 2000 unless they come from its own cellars. (Berry Brothers stores nearly 4m bottles on behalf of its customers.) Christie’s, an auctioneer, says all the wines it auctions are inspected three times by different people, using detailed checklists for condition and authenticity.Fear of fakery has not stopped the boom. But the wines that win the best prices at auction are those whose provenance is certain. In May, Christie’s sold an impériale (six-litre bottle) of 1961 Latour for $216,000 in Hong Kong. It came directly from the cellars of Château Latour.Text 5Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to refer to things or processes which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such special dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of English language than actually within its borders.Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts and other occupations, such as farming and fishing, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary.精品教学课件设计| Excellent teaching planYet, every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, and the cleric associate freely with his fellow creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way.Furthermore, what is called "popular science" makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it——as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus, our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.。
海天作文讲义
综上所述，考生一定要洞悉考研英语大纲对写作部分的高分标准涉及以下六个方面：1．内容切题。
审题准、不跑题。
文不对题会严重影响成绩，导致写作失败。
2．表达清楚。
语言要简洁、准确，条理清楚；主题明确。
3．意义连贯。
遣词造句得当，表达连贯平稳。
论点论据展开合理（以因果，对比，分类，定义，列举，概括，详情，时间，空间，过程或综合等方法展开）。
4．句式有变化。
采用适当的句式来表达相应的内容。
常用句式包括简单句；并列句；复合句；主被动句；长句；短句；否定句；双重否定句；疑问句；反问句；倒装句；强调句；插入语；独立主格成分等。
5．用词有变化。
避免重复使用同一词汇，可适当使用代词；同义词；近义词；关联词；使表达富有动感。
同义词的使用是衡量考生语言运用能力的一个尺度。
6．语言规范。
符合英语的表达习惯，语法错误少，写出的英语不是中式英语。
妙笔生花：（一）与英语词语活用相关的写作技巧1、转换成动词汉语中经常出现动词，这是汉语的特征，但是在英语中，谓语动词出现的次数远远少于汉语。
例如：（1）Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭己经用来探索宇宙。
(名词转换为动词)（2）The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint，but l had to be cautious.她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示，但是我必须小心谨慎。
(形容词转换为动词)（3）Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
(形容词转换为动词)注意：英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在系动词后作表语用时，往往可转换成动词。
如：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious等。
大学英语四六级作文高分讲义
大学英语四六级作文高分讲义四、六级改革后，作文出题方式基本沿袭以往稳健、成熟的出题风格。
以下给大家讲述一下作文应试的战略性理论以及得分技巧即战术操作。
博弈写作考试就好像一次“博弈”。
在写作考试中，考生是真正拥有最多信息的人，考官仅仅只能被动地接受你所给的信息。
所以，作文中遣词造句时请切记两点：一、“不会说的”处理；二、经典句的应用得分技巧分析四、六级作文在准备和对策上基本一致，因为两者评分标准基本一致(除了字数上的差距：四级120词、六级150词)。
英语考试的作文大多可分为：1、正反论证；2、原因现象描述类；3、图表；4、名言谚语。
所谓的书信作文，无非就是在这四类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。
作文得分技巧总结：1、卷面整洁，书写清楚2、构思简单，少犯错误3、中心突出，层次分明4、固定经典，名言注目5、重在变化，宁简勿滥下面就对以上5点在应试作文中的应用展开具体说明：第一、卷面整洁，书写清楚。
由于写作属于主观题型，故考官将依据主观印象进行评判。
卷面的好坏将在第一时间冲击考官对你作文的印象。
所以，建议各位考生先想清楚后动笔，减少涂改几率，让考官能清楚无误地看清你答卷的内容。
另外，新的四、六级考试中会有部分考区的试卷被扫描至电脑，这些考区的考官将会在电脑前批阅作文，因此考生们最好使用黑色水笔做答，以保证扫描效果。
写作的格式有两种：齐头式(full block form)和缩进式(indented form)。
采用齐头式，要求所有段落的首行都在左边顶格，段落中间空行。
缩进式要求每段首行缩进4~5个字母。
第二、构思简单，少犯错误。
请大家一定记住，作文只在考核他们的语言表达能力。
避免犯错误。
（思维。
标点，时态一致，单复数，结构。
6分原则。
写完后的检查）第三、中心突出，层次分明。
从近几年的四级考试作文看来，尽管实用性提高了，但行文大多可以套用“中心句＋1、2、3”模式。
即每段第一句是topic sentence，改编自该段相对应的提纲，后面的1、2、3是衔接词，每个1、2、3后接分支观点。
2016海天教育四六级作文
海天教育四六级作文主讲：赵南望一、优秀写作词汇1. The city was a microcosm of all American culture during the '60s.2. Most parents frown upon their children doing part-time job though they may benefit from it.3. The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits and improve self-esteem.4. The Renaissance was an epoch时代of unparalleled（无可比拟的）cultural achievement.5. She's known for her philanthropic work in the community. 因……而出名6. This proves that, with commitment承诺and determination决心, all obstacles can be overcome.7. The admission notice from the prestigious university threw the youngster into an ecstasy.狂喜8. Don't consume消耗your time and energy on idling all day long.祈使句9. Now quite a few people can be found in our society who are wasteful of the public property, but miserly with their own.写在作文的第二部分10. Optimism乐观is looking at a more favorable side of events and simply anticipating预测the best possible outcome 结果in any situation.仔细看is looking at11. It is a formidable task we have to undertake承担so as to prevent the situation from worsening.12. The beautiful architecture and vibrant繁华的night life are one face of the city, but cities also have problems of inequality不平等, crowding and poverty贫困.13. He nurses胸怀着an aspiration愿望to be a poet.14. In our globalized world today, this is a competitive edge竞争性的优势that is more important than ever.15. 思想道德素质ideological and ethical standards；科学文化素质scientific and educational level；体能健康素质physical fitness；提高全民法律素质raise public awareness of law；素质教育competence-oriented education或quality-oriented education二、基本改写1.The best books are those which stir激励us up most and make us the most determined to do something and be something ourselves.（下定义正面话题）2.We cannot escape摆脱the influence of （XXX）any more than就好像we can escape the influence of the air that we breathe.（强调重要性）3.Whatever you read, read with enthusiasm, with energy, read with the whole mind, if you would increase your mental stature精神境界.4.The hybrid nature of today’s society is a va luable resource that companies and businesses should tap into in their quest to innovate.5.South Korean women face social pressure to quit when they have children, making it hard to stay on the career fast track.6.Perhaps Nokia and RIM should copy Appl e’s strategy, not its phones, and get ready to ride the next wave of the digital revolution, whatever that may be.7.Many women (and some men) work from home to allow themselves the flexibility to pick up kids from school.三、热门话题1.Human activities can harm or destroy local ecosystems unless land development for housing or businesses is carefully planned to conserve and sustain the ecology of the area.2.One of the most pressing challenges that China——and indeed, the world——will face in the next few decades is how to alleviate the growing stress that human activities are placing on the environment.3.It is computers that make our life diverse, convenient, dynamic, vibrant, without which our life would probably pale.4.It is obvious that it is becoming a fashion for people to ask questions online when confronting a dilemma.5.It is important for us to take full advantage of Internet to enhance our efficiency and save our time.6.Effective steps should be taken to educate people to avoid and elude inappropriate and even wrong data online so as not to be misguided.四、衔接句1.Yet, there is reason to have hope for the future.2.The consequences are just too great to ignore.3.I want to offer new perspectives.4.Is the （XXX）uniquely vulnerable to the ravages of time?五、框架应用1.I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities——those of love and of reason——are the aims of all social arrangements.2.If we habitually read books that are elevating in tone, pure in style, sound in reasoning, and keen in insight, our minds develop the same characteristics.3.As we should associate with people who can inspire us to nobler deeds, so we should only read those books which have an uplifting power, and which stir us to make the most of ourselves and our opportunities.4.While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.5.Incontrovertible evidence from many studies shows that a higher level of education and greater mental activity throughout life correlate with lower (XX) losses.6.We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances is pervasive.六、正反论证1.On the one hand, the Internet has provided us with great convenience. For example, we can get knowledge about nearly all aspects on the Internet with only severalkeyboard commands and a few clicks of the mouse through search engines such as Baidu and so on. On the other hand, with an explosive amount of information on the Internet, it can be difficult to tell good information from bad.七、高分句式1.Surveys show that cheating in school----plagiarism, forbidden collaboration on assignments, copying homework and cheating on exams---has soared since researchers first measured the phenomenon on a broad scale at 99 colleges in the mid-1960s.2.Honesty and integrity are not only values but also habits---habits that can be encouraged in school settings, with positive benefits later in life.3.For the activists and government officials who push the bans, the main point is to discourage smoking by making it inconvenient and socially unacceptable, transforming it into a shameful vice practiced only in privacy and isolation.4.Progressive employers recognize the value of good employees, and many are willing to find ways to help current employees deal with short-term or permanent changes caused by family situations.5.For example, teenagers and adolescents may mistake the bad information online as good, the result of which can be rather devastating. Some dirty information on the net may exert negative impacts on people.ck of control is generally considered one of the biggest job stressors, so it used to be thought that middle managers carried the brunt: Sandwiched between the top and the bottom, they end up with little authority.7.The children who showed the most gains over the year in terms of learning the alphabet and numbers, as well as achieving basic reading and math skills, were those who had more individual interaction with teachers.8.The combination of the increased burden of AIDS in the developing world and the absence of affordable therapies and vaccines has raised the sensitivity of health professionals to issues of ethics and equity in international biomedical research.9.As is abundantly clear from their art and literature, the ancients attached great importance to ideals of bodily perfection and to outward appearance in general.10.Schools can take a major step in closing the gap between their highest-performing and lowest-performing students by expecting the same effort from students who perform below basic as from proficient readers.。
20XX年6月英语四六级考试写作讲义精选(四)
20XX年6月英语四六级考试写作讲义精选(四)作文的出题方式有：命题作文，看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章(英文或中文)写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文等，为了提高广大考生写作能力，整理了以下写作讲义：第一节13. Brain DrainBrain drain is a delicate problem with which this country is confronted. In the last ten yearsor so, a lot of scientists and technicians have swarmed into developed countries for further studies or research work, let alone numerous promising students. And there are no indications that they will be back home before long. This country has paid the expenses of training them but lost them.How did that come about?It seems that it isn't impossible to solve the problem. The scientists and the like can beattracted back home so long as great importance is attached to the intellectual's deserving treatment and effective measures are taken to provide them with excellent pay and agreeable conditions.注：so long as 只要; great importance is attached to... 重视effective measures 有效措施14. Treasure WaterThe availability of water has been an important factor in China's growth. China is blessedwith large supplies of fresh water. Such mighty rivers as the Yellow, the Yangtse and the Songhua irrigate the farming land of thousands of miles along them. In addition, the development ofindustry and the water supply of big cities are made possible largely by vast resources.注：Treasure v 珍惜.15. How to Solve Energy CrisisMan is faced with a big problem—the energy crisis, which is becoming more and moreserious. First, with the increase in the world's population, the demand for fuels is growing steadily. Second, the rapid development of industry and agriculture calls for an increasing amount of coal, oil and natural gas.注：energy 能源;crisis 危机1、面临2、解决Confronted with the energy crisis, we should take a series of effective measures to saveenergy. For one thing, it is high time that people all over the worldrealized the severe fact that our natural resources have been fixed since the earth was created. For another, the governments of all countries are supposed to lay down the rules and regulations to restrict the amount of gas used by cars. Finally, scientific researches should be encouraged to work out efficient methods of saving fuels and to seek new sources of energy.Personally, I believe that solar energy is a possible source of clean, inexpensive and abundantenergy. It does not pollute the environment and costs only as much as the installation of solar panels to absorb the sun's rays. Consequently. I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because solar energy will be able to help us to solve the energy crisis.注：personally 就我个人而言;solar太阳能17. Physical ExerciseMore and more people today are realizing the importance of regular physical exercise. In thepast, most people were involved in manual labour out in the fresh air of the fields. Nowadays a lot of people work in offices, spending most of their time indoors. In the evenings they usually sit watching TV or reading newspapers. Their daily lives don't provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy. Therefore, they must devote part of their time to doing regular physical exercise.注：两点提纲：1、重要2、方法18. Information in the Modern Societyn the modern society, it isimportant to be well-informed. Success in many fields depends ongetting the latest information. At the same time, failure in policy-making often results from the lack of necessary information. That is why we call the current age“the Information Age”.There are many means of acquiring information which enable us to keep up with the step of social development. First, we read various books, newspapers ...注：surf 冲浪16. Fire Accidents in Big CitiesIn recent years there has been a marked growth of fire accidents in big cities of our country.Almost every day we see fire engines rushing through streets. Fires have not only resulted in heavy economic losses but also injured and killed many people.What are the causes of fireaccidents? Most of the fires are brought about by carelessness and violation of fire safety regulations. Others are due to the poor quality of home electrical appliances. ...In my opinion, in order to prevent fires we should first of all foster people's sense of fireprevention. The second thing we have to do is to increase the number of professional fire fighters, to whom regular training courses should be offered. Finally, we are to improve the existing fire engines and add more fire facilities to high-rise buildings. In this way, a reliable fire prevention system will be formed.注：foster 培养;enhance 提高How I Finance My College EducationAfter I came into the college, there is a question how I finance my college education.There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education. The most usual way is use the family's money. Most of the students get money from their parents. If someone's family situation is not well he can apply for loan to bank.The government will help the students like this. Other way is find a job through school's help. Of course we still put study in the first place. ...注：finance n 金融v 提供资金第二节How I Finance My College EducationAfter I came into the college, there is a question how I finance my college education.There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education. The most usual way is use the family's money. Most of the students get moneyfrom their parents. If someone's family situation is not well he can apply for loan to bank.The government will help the students like this. Other way is find a job through school's help. Of course we still put study in the first place. ...注：finance n 金融v 提供资金How I Finance My College EducationNowadays, tuition and fees for college are much higher than ever before. How to financeyour college education has become a matter of concern for many. You can deal with in many ways. You can get all of the money from your parents. You can apply for a loan especially set up for college students. You can also acquire the money completely by yourself, doing a full-time job in summer or winter holiday. In addition, you can ask yourparents for most of it and earn the rest in your spare time in college, by doing a part time job.注：get all of 得到;alpply for 申请;loan 贷款;acquire 得到Part-time Jobs for College StudentsThere are some controversies on part-time jobs for college students. People who are against ithold that the sole purpose of higher education is for the students to acquire knowledge. If they are engaged in part-time job they will be invariably distracted from their studies and as a result they can not fulfil the requirements mapped out by the State Education Commission. The writer, however, thinks that there are several advantages for college students involved in part-time jobs.Firstly, part-time jobs provide opportunities for students to contactsociety so as to know thesituation of the talent market. For instance, if a student works as a part-time governess, he or she will know what kind of professionals are urgently needed by the market and this will help him to choose a future job. Secondly, there are some financial gains from part-time jobs. Since the reform was carried out, institutions of higher education have started to collect tuition fees from students. Needless to say this means another financial burden on parents. And part-time jobs can serve as a partial solution to this problem. Last but not least, part-time jobs can cultivate students' sense of independence.(三)永恒话题1997年1月For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition onthe topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1. 为什么“欲速则不达”?2. 举例说明。
大学英语六级写作精讲班讲义
大学英语六级写作精讲班讲义大学英语六级写作精讲班第9讲讲义复合句（下）6. 将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为同位语从句。
1)He is growing old.Nothing could hide the fact.2)He works hard.The fact does not necessarily mean that he is a competent leader.3)I have a complacent feeling.I feel that I’m highly intelligent.4)He explained that he didn’t see the notice.The explanation is unsatisfactory.5)He holds that there is no advantage in introducing the new method.Most of us don’t agre e with his view.6)He won the first gold medal at the 23rd Olympic Games.The news soon spread throughout the country.7)He has suggested that intelligence is a relative matter.His suggestion is not universally accepted.8)I moved that the vote be postponed.He seconded my motion.9)He feared that he might not be able to finish the work.The fear disturbed him greatly.10)We expressed a hope.That hope was that Mr. and Mrs. Morrison would come and visit China again.11)I’ve come from Mr. L in with a message.It says that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.12)Suzy is the right person for the job.There can be no doubt about it.定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句是定语从句。
大学英语四六级作文讲义范文
大学英语四六级作文讲义篇章段落部分一，引言段四六级作文考试虽然对作文的要求不高。
但 “麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”,如果能有一个自然得体，因人注目的开头肯定会使文章增色不少。
现将主要的开篇方法列举如下：1． 议论文开篇写法第一小类（论辩类）要求列举对立双方对某个问题的不同看法并陈述各自理由，如:2000.6 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是。
2．也有人持不同意见3．我的看法和打算这类文章常用开篇的方法有开门见山法和演绎法1. ⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧ with Faced to comes it Whenabout asked When ..., most/many people believe that ..., but other people ⎩⎨⎧y.differentl it consider ... as ... regard 句型1是开门见山法的典型句型，第一段直接说明两类人对于同一问题持不同看法。
2. When it comes to ..., people's opinions differ. Some hold the opinion that ..., while others claim that ... 句型2 是演绎法的典型句型，people ’s opinions differ.是后面句子的综述。
3. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the ⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧idea view role of .... Some people claim that ..., while othersbelieve that ....第二小类（利弊类）要求作者对某个事物或现象的两面性进行列举和比较。
1996.1 Two-day Weekend1. 双休日给大学生带来的好处。
大学英语六级写作指导精品PPT课件
六级英语写作类型
体裁: 1)记叙文 2)应用文 3)说明文 4)议论文 最近几年的六级作文的体裁以夹叙夹议的议论文为主。偶尔六级作文有书信。 段落类型： 议论文所采用的文章扩展模式一般以比较/对照，举例、列举、因果、引 用等居多。 出题方式：可能是标题作文、主题句作文或情景、图表作文等等，一般是命题+提纲 式写作，中文提纲，一般为三句或两句。 如1： topic: The Popularity of Blog
背诵一些常用于论说文中的起、承、转、合结构的词（组），句型。 勤学多练，熟能生巧。在阅读范文前可根据所给作文题目及要求按自己的思 路试写一下，然后与范文对照找出差距，并有意识地背诵一些涉及科技、社 会、文化等各个侧面的代表性文章，储存多种信息，写作时才有话可说。
平时在阅读英语文章、报纸以及做模拟题时，要注意积累常用词汇、表 达法及句型，分析文章的构思、组织方法，以便在写作考试时能做到有条不 紊，顺理成章。
六级考试作文评分注意事项
注意：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思 想，则给0分。
1.如题目中给出英文主题句，起始句，结束句，均不得计入所写字数
2.规定的内容未写全者， 按比例扣分。只写一段者：0~4分；只写两段
者：0~9分（指规定三段的作文）
3.长度计分标准:
140-149词: 扣1分 130-139: 扣2分 120-129: 扣3分
110-119词: 扣5分 100-109扣7分
99字以下扣8分。
如何进行准备
首先要了解六级写作考试大纲的内容，评分标准、原则，历年真题范围， 从而掌握出题原则及规律。
海天教育2012春季四六级方向性作文预测(2)
2012年6月16日文辉教育大学英语四六级考试考前2天作文冲刺必四六级考试作文高分必备五大因素：杜绝基本语法错误（如主谓一致、时态问题、词性误用、搭配错误等）在具体写作中，贯彻短语优先的原则比如，favor = be in favor of ; emphasize = lay emphasis on = attach importance to = have respect for ; value = place a high value on sth 等尽量多使用搭配关系，避免作文中单词、短语只有骨头没有肉，这是非常糟糕的。
（英美人的写作特别注意修饰关系）比如sth is of importance to us 可以替换为sth is of intense / supreme importance to us ；play a role in 可以替换为play key / critical / indispensable / decisive / crucial role in sth ；exert positive / negative / far-reaching / profound / huge / powerful / tremendous impact on sth 等4、一定要注意段落内部句子之间的逻辑，以及多使用不同的句式结构，另外使用一定量的插入语和同位语等特殊结构5、一定要杜绝大众化的模版，用一些好词好句（闪光点）去征服阅卷老师附：考前必备15个替换词汇和短语1.individuals,characters, folks，figures=people2: positive, favorable=good3:unfavorable, adverse=bad4.an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of=many.5: a slice of, several=some6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that = think7:for my part ,from my own perspective = in my opinion8:Increasing(ly),growing =more and more 同时也可以用students in mounting number9.exceedingly,extremely =very10.hardly unnecessary, hardly inevitable ... =necessary, inevitable（双重否定是强调性语气）11.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb =sb take interest in12.capture one's attention=attract one's attention.13.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of=indicate, suggest ,fear（短语优先）14.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger =cause.15.pour attention into =pay attention to注明：等号前面是高分短语附：考前必备五大高分句型1、描写现象的句型：Over the last couple of decades, there is a social phenomenon we should not lose sight of: （冒号后写主题句，比如low-carbon living (低碳生活之类的环保话题要关注）is gaining the increasing popularity with the advancement of folks' living standards) . According to a recent survey conducted by sina weibo , the Chinese home-grown version ofTwitter , + 具体举例主题句的句子。
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Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班2. 对这种做法有人表示支持，也有人并不赞成3. 我认为……Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________[参考范文]Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?With the hope of their kids being the cream of the community, a growing number of parents send their children to various art classes, where how to play the piano, dance, sing and play musical instruments is taught.Regarding this trend, some people hold a firm position that it is beneficial for kids to attend the classes, through which kids can have an all-round development by acquiring knowledge and skills which are not taught in their schools. Besides, kids can also make a lot of friends there, thus enhancing their communication skills. Others, however, hold an opposite opinion. Kids, in their eyes, should be given more flexible time to relax and do whatever they are interested in. They also list some figures achieving great fame with little school education, not to speak of attending art classes.As far as I am concerned, children’s interests should be taken into serious consideration before being sent to art classes. Children should be given enough freedom to develop by themselves. Whether parents should send their kids to art classes, it depends.[译文]父母应该送孩子上艺术班吗？希望孩子成为社会精英，越来越多的父母将孩子送到各种艺术班。
在那里，孩子们可以学习如何弹钢琴、跳舞、唱歌和使用一些乐器。
对于这种趋势，有人坚定地认为上艺术班对孩子有利，孩子可以学到知识和技能得到全面的发展。
此外，孩子还可以交到许多朋友，交流技能因此也会有提高。
然而，有人持相反的看法。
在他们看来，孩子必须有充足的时间放松和做他们喜欢做的事情。
他们也列出了一些名人，他们几乎没接受过学校教育，更别说上过艺术班了。
在我看来，把孩子送去上艺术班钱，我们必须充分考虑孩子的兴趣。
孩子必须给予充足的时间以自我发展。
孩子是否该上艺术班视情况而定。
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象2. 出现这种现象的原因和后果3. 我认为……Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Due Attention Should Be Given to The Study of ChineseCurrently, the Chinese proficiency of the considerable majority of individuals in the Middle Kingdom is far from being impressive, which lays bare to a worrisome trend that much too many people fail to put a premium on the learning of our native language. Unarguably, this burning question merits our pressing attention.Digging into this evil tide, we can identify that a couple of elements have combined to trigger it. For one thing, the economic and cultural globalization is well under way, making the whole planet a village, and English has been in the driving position of various languages. Consequently, the critical importance of mastering English is over-emphasized and the study of Chinese is virtually ignored. For another, a wealth of folks are under the impression that as native speakers, we already enjoy an excellent command of Chinese, and further study of it will be of no value. On top of that, Chinese courses are barely offered in contemporary colleges, which to some extent also compounds this headache.Great efforts, on my personal level, ought to be made in an attempt to remedy this unfavorable trend. All parties involved in this issue should direct more attention to the promotion of Chinese and people from every walk of life can learn more and be proud of our own language. And we should be awake to the fact that what we have learned only scratch the surface of our splendid history, and only by commanding Chinese can we grasp the essence of our culture.【译文】应给予汉语学习应有的关注如今，大部分中国人的汉语水平很一般，这反映出一个令人担忧的趋势：太多的人不重视学习我们的母语。