语言学概论 试卷3

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语言学概论的试题及答案

语言学概论的试题及答案

语言学概论的试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言学是一门研究人类语言的科学,它主要研究语言的哪三个方面?A. 语音、语法、词汇B. 语音、语法、语义C. 语音、语义、语用D. 语法、语义、语用答案:B2. 下列哪项不是语言学的分支学科?A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 计算语言学D. 艺术语言学答案:D3. 语音学研究的主要内容是什么?A. 语言的起源B. 语言的演变C. 语言的发音D. 语言的书写答案:C4. 语法学研究的主要内容是什么?A. 语言的发音B. 语言的书写C. 语言的规则D. 语言的意义答案:C5. 语义学研究的主要内容是什么?A. 语言的发音B. 语言的书写C. 语言的意义D. 语言的规则答案:C6. 语用学研究的主要内容是什么?A. 语言的发音B. 语言的书写C. 语言的使用D. 语言的意义答案:C7. 以下哪种语言现象不是词汇学研究的内容?A. 词义变化B. 词形变化C. 词序变化D. 词类变化答案:C8. 语言学研究的主要方法是什么?A. 观察法B. 实验法C. 比较法D. 所有以上答案:D9. 下列哪项不是语言学研究的对象?A. 语言的结构B. 语言的功能C. 语言的起源D. 语言的书写答案:D10. 语言学的研究可以应用于哪些领域?A. 教育B. 翻译C. 计算机科学D. 所有以上答案:D二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 语言学的三个基本要素是______、______和______。

答案:语音、语法、语义2. 语言学的研究方法包括______、______和______。

答案:观察法、实验法、比较法3. 语言学的分支学科包括______、______和______。

答案:社会语言学、心理语言学、计算语言学4. 语音学研究的是______。

答案:语言的发音5. 语法学研究的是______。

答案:语言的规则6. 语义学研究的是______。

答案:语言的意义7. 语用学研究的是______。

《语言学概论》 期末检测试题3套含答案(大学期末复习资料).doc

《语言学概论》 期末检测试题3套含答案(大学期末复习资料).doc

期末试卷一一、单项选择题(每小题1分,总计20分)1.关于“语言”的定义,下列说法不正确的一项是()A.语言是一种社会现象B.语言就是人们说出来的话C.语言的客观存在形式首先是有声的口头语言D.语言是一个符号系统2.从音质角度划分出来的最小语音单位是()A.音渡B.音素C.音位D.音节3.在一种语言内部划脑言时,最主要的依据是()A.语法B.语义C.语音D.词汇4.从词的构造方式看,汉语“健儿” 一词属于()A.单纯词B.派生词C.复合词D.简缩词5.下列各个汉语词语中的“子”是词根语素的是()A.笼子B.鸽子C.瓜子D.日子6.下列关于语法的表述中,不正确的一项是()A.语法是关于词的构成变化和词构成词组和句子的规则B.语法是说本族语的人的直觉知识和约定习惯C.语法是与语音、语汇等要素互不相关的规则D.语法是与语音、语汇等相比变化较慢的现象7.下列关于词义模糊性的表述中,正确的一项是()A.词义所指范围边缘区域模糊,中心区域明确B.词义所指范围边缘区域明确,中心区域模糊C.词义所指范围边缘区域、中心区域都模糊D.词义所指范围边缘区域可能模糊8.“哈巴狗”和“狮子狗”指的是同一种狗,二者在词义上的主要差别是()A.理性意义不同B.语体色彩不同C.形象色彩不同D.语气意义不同9.下列各项中,含有降级述谓结构的是()A.他申请去北京进修B.你去请他比较好C.他取下了挂在墙上的地图D.他害怕老师批评他10.下列各项中,甲和乙之间是预设关系的是()A.(甲)他有一件西服(乙)他有一件衣服B.(甲)他的西服破了(乙)他有一件西服C.(甲)那个学生借给他一本《红楼梦》一一(乙)那个人借给他一本《红楼梦》D.(甲)那个学生借给他一本《红楼梦》一一(乙)那个学生借给他一本书11.1956年我国推行汉字简化方案,将繁体字改成简体字,这属于()A.正字法改革B.字符类型改革C.文字类型改革D.字符类型和文字类型改革12.汉语中的“基因”来自英语的gene,从该词产生的方式看,“基因”属于(A.纯粹音译词B.音译兼意译词C.意译词D.仿译词13.从语言的发展演变来看,语汇系统中最不易发生变化的是()A.通用语汇B.常用语汇C.基本语汇D.专用语汇14.关于社会方言的形成,下列说法不正确的一项是()A.社会方言大多是在语言的相互接触中形成的B.社会方言是随着社会的社群分化而产生的C.一种语言的内部有可能形成社会方言D.一种方言的内部有可能形成社会方言15.关于共同语的形成,下列说法不正确的一项是()A.并不意味着方言分歧已经消失B.并不意味着方言分歧将会扩大C.并不意味着方言最终将被取代D.并不意味着语言已经实现统一16.关于语言规范化的推行,下列说法不正确的一项是()A.主要由权威机构提出具体的规范意见B.主要由权威机构强制推行C.主要通过教育机构、大众传媒等渠道向社会推行D.主要是一个积极引导社会公众自觉遵守的过程17.关于语言获得的原因,下列学说中偏重于内部条件解释的是()A.模仿说B.天赋说C.强化说D.刺激反应说18.社会语言学属于()A.理论语言学B.广义应用语言学C.普通语言学D.狭义应用语言学19.汉语中的:“了、着、过”在古代具有实实在在的词汇意义,到现代变成只表语义的助词,这属于()A.异化B.类化C.新语法范畴的形成D.实词虚化20.下列语言中属于粘着语的是()A.苗语B.越南语C.俄语D.日语二、多项选择(每个小题3分,共30分)1.根据舌位的高低,元音可分为()A.高兀音B.央元音C.半高元音D.半低元音E.低元音2.下列汉字的读音中多包含有辅音[飞]的有()A.男B.拉C.拿D.拦E.驴3.下列词中带有前缀的是(%1老鼠%1画家%1阿姨%1超越%1超现实主义4.下列词组叫,带双宾语的是()%1托你一件事%1托你办件事%1请你办这件事%1借你五元钱%1给你一本书5.下列语素中,属于枯着语素的是()%1宏%1伟%1大%1楼%1机6.卞列语言单位中,属于派生词的是()%1律师%1鸟儿%1老婆%1苦头%1文学家7.下列词中,处于同一个语义场的词是()%1桌子%1椅子%1沙发%1柜子%1鞋子8.下列语言属于印欧语系的是()%1法语%1英语%1德语%1阿拉伯语%1维吾尔语9.汉语属于()%1汉藏语系%1汉语族%1屈折语%1孤立语%1粘着语10.下列文字中属于表意文字的是()%1汉字%1中美洲的马雅文字%1古埃及的圣书字%1我国纳西族的东巴文%1古印度的法卢文三、判断题(每题2分,共20分)1.符号有视觉符号、听觉和触觉符号三种,语言是一种视觉符号。

《语言学概论》考核试题及答案

《语言学概论》考核试题及答案

《语言学概论》考核试题及答案一、选择题(每题3分,共30分)1. 以下哪项不属于语言的三要素?()A. 语音B. 词汇C. 语法D. 修辞答案:D2. 语言是人类社会特有的现象,以下哪项不是语言的社会属性的表现?()A. 语言是一种交际工具B. 语言是一种思维工具C. 语言是一种物质现象D. 语言是一种文化现象答案:C3. 以下哪个不是音素的分类?()A. 元音音素B. 辅音音素C. 声母音素D. 韵母音素答案:C4. 以下哪个词属于成词词根?()A. 老师B. 学习C. 大D. 看见答案:C5. 以下哪个句子没有语病?()A. 他今天上课迟到了。

B. 他上课迟到了今天。

C. 他迟到了上课今天。

D. 今天上课他迟到了。

答案:A6. 以下哪个句子使用了比喻修辞手法?()A. 他像一座山一样高大。

B. 他很高。

C. 他很瘦。

D. 他很胖。

答案:A7. 以下哪个属于句法结构?()A. 主谓宾结构B. 动宾结构C. 形容词短语D. 副词短语答案:A8. 以下哪个不是现代汉语的方言分区?()A. 东北方言B. 普通话C. 吴方言D. 粤方言答案:B9. 以下哪个不是语用学的分支?()A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 语义学D. 话语分析答案:C10. 以下哪个不属于语言习得的理论?()A. 刺激-反应理论B. 认知理论C. 社会文化理论D. 构建主义理论答案:D二、填空题(每题3分,共30分)1. 语言的三要素是________、________、________。

答案:语音、词汇、语法2. 音素分为________音素和________音素。

答案:元音、辅音3. 成词词根和不成词词根的区别是________。

答案:能否单独构成词语4. 句法结构包括________、________、________。

答案:主谓宾结构、动宾结构、偏正结构5. 现代汉语的方言分区包括________、________、________、________。

全国自考(语言学概论)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)

全国自考(语言学概论)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)

全国自考(语言学概论)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题 5. 分析题6. 论述题单项选择题1.下列各项中,不属于“语”的是( )A.惯用语B.歇后语C.成语D.术语正确答案:D解析:语即固定词组或熟语,大致可分为专有名词、惯用语(习语、俚语)、谚语(俗语)、成语、歇后语和简缩词语等几种。

2.美国语言学家乔姆斯基创立的语法理论是( )A.结构语法理论B.功能语法理论C.生成语法理论D.认知语法理论正确答案:C3.在“这道题我们做过”这个语言片段中,“这道题”和“我们做过”的性质是( )A.既是成分,也是组合B.是成分,不是组合C.不是成分,也不是组合D.是组合,不是成分正确答案:A解析:“这道题”和“我们做过”是该语言片段的组成成分,但它们本身又是词组,即包含其他成分,所以又是组合。

4.英语“John loves she”这句话是病句,其错误在于( )A.性B.格C.数D.态正确答案:B解析:She应改为宾格her,属于格的错误。

5.把词分为基本语汇和一般语汇所依据的是( )A.音节的长短B.语素的数量C.字的多少D.词的地位一正确答案:D解析:根据词在语汇系统的重要程度可以分出基本语汇和一般语汇。

6.把词分为单纯词和合成词所依据的是( )A.音节的数量B.语素的数量C.词的用途D.词的地位正确答案:B解析:根据词的语素数量可以把词分为单纯词和合成词。

由一个语素构成的词是单纯词,由两个或两个以上语素构成的词是合成词。

7.“背黑锅”、“马后炮”、“泼冷水”、“炒冷饭”都属于( )A.简缩词语B.成语C.谚语D.惯用语正确答案:D解析:语根据本身的特点,可以分出“专有名词”“惯用语”、“谚语”、“简缩词语”等,“背黑锅”、“马后炮”、“泼冷水”、“炒冷饭”都属于惯用语。

8.下列词语中,不属于派生构词的一项是( )A.rewriteB.catsC.teacherD.unafraid正确答案:B解析:派生词又叫附加式合成词,就是词根语素加词缀语素构成的新词。

语言学概论试题及答案(4篇)

语言学概论试题及答案(4篇)

语言学概论试题及答案(4篇):语言学概论万题库语言学概论试题及答案第一篇:(二):一、术语解释题1、孤立语孤立语:不经过词的形态变化来表现各结构意义,而是经过虚词和词序来表达语法意义。

【考点】语言和语言学――认识人类的语言【下载自考万题库对答案看直播解析】2、语言借用语言借用:一种语言用了另一种的语言的成分,另一种语言又用了这种语言的成分。

例如汉语中”沙发”从英语借入的借词。

【考点】语言的发展和演变――语言的接触和影响【下载自考万题库对答案看直播解析】3、正迁移正迁移:如果母语的语言规则和第二语言规则是一致的,那么语言迁移会对第二语言迁移有进取的影响。

【考点】语言的获得和学习――语言学习的类型【下载自考万题库对答案看直播解析】4、串对串对:对偶句的一种形式,前后两句意义相关联,又叫做”流水对”,如”野火烧不尽,春风吹又生”。

【考点】语言与文学写作【下载自考万题库对答案看直播解析】二、分析题:1、”甲:今日午时去逛街吧。

乙:今日晚上要英语考试。

”违反了会话原则的哪些【答案】(1)该会话违反了合作原则中的相关准则,相关准则要求会话要说跟话题有关的话,不说无关的话。

(2)”甲”说的是逛街,而”乙”回答的是考试,是与话题无关的话。

【考点】语用――会话准则和会话含义【下载自考万题库对答案看直播解析】2、说说下头这些字声符、意符、记号箕汉鱼裁【答案】(1)箕:意符:其、(2)汉:声符:氵;意符:又(3)鱼:意符(4)裁:声符:;意符:衣【考点】文字――文字的形式和类型【下载自考万题库对答案看直播解析】三、简答题:1、多义词同音词的区别【答案】(1)现时意义有联系的是多义词,现时意义没有联系的是同音词。

(2)如”花钱”中”花”表示”耗费”,”花费”中”花”表示”可供观赏的植物”,意义之间没有任何联系,它们为同音词。

”浓茶”中”浓”表示”含某种成分多”,”兴趣浓”中”浓”表示”程度深”,意义之间有联系,它们为多义词。

语概模拟试卷3

语概模拟试卷3

华东师范大学网络教育学院《语言学概论》模拟试卷(三)考试形式:闭卷考试时间:90分钟站点:_________ 姓名:_________ 学号:_______________ 成绩:_________注:答案全都做在本试卷上一、名词解释(每个4分,共20分)1. 语法手段:2. 语言的发展:3. 语言的分化:4. 双语制:5. 失语症:二、填空题(每空1分,共10分)1.普通语言学的创始人是,其名著标志着普通语言学的建立。

2. 人体发音器官中属于发声器官的是、;属于共鸣器官的是、和。

3. 我国历史上的通用语有、、。

三、单项选择题(每小题1分,共10分)1. 普通语言学从理论上讲是研究()。

A. 个别民族语言的特殊规律B. 人类各种语言一般的共同规律C. 汉语普通话的发展规律D. 几种民族语言的一般与个别的规律2. 关于符号和征候,下列说法不正确的是()。

A. 语言、文字、电报代码都是符号B. 符号都具有形式和意义C. 语言符号的形式是文字,意义是词义D. 炊烟和做饭的关系属于征候3. 英语中ship和sheep意义不同主要是()在起作用。

A.音高 B. 音强 C. 音长 D. 音质4. 下列各组中,三个复合词构词类型不一致的一组是()。

A. 席卷耳鸣地震B. 打倒切断推翻C. 发光散热出气D. 天地欢乐爱好5. 以下词语属于复合构词的是()。

A. 沙发B. 芭蕾C. 琵琶D. 和蔼6.“鼓励”和“怂恿”两词的主要差别是()。

A. 概念意义不同B. 褒贬色彩不同C. 语体色彩不同D. 形象色彩不同7. 下列各组词形变化的语法手段中,属于屈折的是( )。

A. we-usB. look-looked.C. foot-feetD. tree-trees8.关于社会方言的形成,下列说法不正确的一项是()。

A.社会方言大多是在语言的相互接触中形成的B.社会方言是随着社会的社群分化而产生的C.一种语言的内部有可能形成社会方言D.一种方言的内部有可能形成社会方言9.下列语言中,哪个跟汉语属于同一个语系?( )。

东北师范大学22春“汉语言文学”《语言学概论》期末考试高频考点版(带答案)试卷号:3

东北师范大学22春“汉语言文学”《语言学概论》期末考试高频考点版(带答案)试卷号:3

东北师范大学22春“汉语言文学”《语言学概论》期末考试高频考点版(带答案)一.综合考核(共50题)1.根据词的来源特点可把词分为古语词、方言词、外来词。

()A.正确B.错误参考答案:A2.普通话chun(春)音节的构成方式是()。

A.领音B.起音+领音C.起音+收音D.起音+领音+收音参考答案:D3.下列文字类型表示书写符号和语言音义间的关系的是()。

A.词语文字B.音节文字C.语素文字D.表意文字E.表音文字参考答案:DE4.衔接(名词解释)参考答案:衔接是形式方面的问题,是篇章的有形网络,体现于篇章的表层结构上,主要有五种:照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇手段。

5.音质(名词解释)参考答案:音质指声音的个性或特色,也叫音色,是声音的四个要素中最重要的一个,它决定于发音体振动的形式。

6.莫里斯1938年首先使用了“语用学”这一术语。

()A.正确B.错误参考答案:A7.多式综合语的特点是()。

A.词根和后缀都有相当大的独立性,构形后缀就像是粘附在词根上似的B.词在句中的语法关系主要是靠词序和虚词来表现的C.把句子成分作为附加成分包括在同一个词里D.词根或词干与构形词缀或词尾结合得很紧密参考答案:C8.用某些已有的字的复合图形来表示属于行为动作的词语,传统文字学称这类字为()。

A.形声字B.象形字C.指示字D.会意字参考答案:D9.谈谈组合关系和聚合关系的理论。

参考答案:在索绪尔的《普通语言学教程》里,组合关系和聚合关系被分别称作“句段关系”和“联想关系”。

其实这就是语言符号和语言符号之间的横向关系和纵向关系,语言符号间的纵横交错使语言系统运行起来。

1)组合关系:组合关系是指在同一层级上组合起来的各个符号之间所形成的横向关系。

比如:“鸡吃小米”,“鸡”和“吃小米”组合构成了主谓关系,而“吃”和“小米”的组合构成了述宾关系。

主谓和述宾这样的关系是组合关系在语法层面的表现。

此外这种关系在语音和语义层面也各有体现。

英语语言学概论试卷第3套

英语语言学概论试卷第3套

ThreeⅠMark the choice that best completes the statement.1.Today, the grammar taught to learners of a language is basically __________.A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. both A and BD. neither of the two2. The clear /l/ and the dark /f/ are __________.A. in complementary distributionB. in free variationC. both A and BD. neither of the two3. –ed in the word played is __________.A. a free morphemeB. a rootC. a derivational affixD. an inflectional morpheme4. The __________ function of language is primarily to change the social of persons.A. interpersonalB. informativeC. textualD. performative5. Whorf believes that speakers of different languages perceive and experience the worlddifferently and that is the notion of __________.A. linguistic determinismB. language determinismC. social relativismD. linguistic relativism6. What essentially distinguishes semantics from pragmatics is __________.A. whether in the study of meaning the context of use is consideredB. whether it studies the meaning or notC. whether is studies how the speakers use language to effect communicationD. whether it is a branch of linguistics7. Of all the following examples, __________ is NOT an example of the affix addition.A. the addition of –able to a verb, such as in readableB. the addition of –ment to a verb, such as in accomplishmentC. the attachment of –ize to a noun or adjective, such as in stabilizeD. the addition of a or an before a noun, such as in an apple8. In English, inflectional affixes are mostly __________.A. prefixesB. suffixesC. infixesD. stems9. That the use of language involves a network of systems of choices is the opinion of__________.A. HallidayB. SaussureC. ChomskyD. Firth10. Of the following __________ does NOT belong to the three sub-types of antonymy.A. gradable antonymyB. converse antonymyC. complementary antonymyD. complete antonymy11. __________ is NOT included in Firth’s famous Context of Situation theory.A. The non-verbal action of the participantsB. The properties of the phonematic unitsC. The relevant objectsD. The effects of the verbal action12. The phrase backwash effect is often used in __________.A. systemic functional grammarB. error analysisC. testingD. sociolinguistics13. We can often find the phrase immediate constituents in __________.A. transformational generative grammarB. systemic functional grammarC. traditional grammarD. structural grammar14. The following ideas about language are wrong EXCEPT __________.A. Language evolves within specific historical, social and cultural contextB. Language has a form-sound correspondenceC. Language is a means of communicationD. Language is not related to any of the individuals who use it15. Because __________ can distinguish one phoneme from another, it is a distinctive feature for English obstruents.A. voicingB. nasalizationC. placeD. aspirationII. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word. The first letter of the word is already given.1. The ultimate objective of language is not just to create grammatically well-formed sentences, but to convey m .2. V ibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “v“.3. Those morphemes that can not be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are called b morphemes.4. The incorporated, or subordinate, clause is normally called an e clause.5. The study of sounds is called p , and the study of sound patterns is called p .6. Context is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the s and the hearer.7. The most widely spread morphological changes in the historical development of English are the loss and addition of a .8. A refers to a way of pronunciation which tells the listener something about the speaker’s regional or social background.9. Inflection is the manifestation of grammatical relationships through the addition of inflectional affixes, such as n , p , and f .10. One-word utterances sometimes show an overextension or under extension of r .11. In Katz and Postal’s proposal stated in “An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Description”,the p provides the grammatical classification and semantic information of words.12. Nasalization rule read, a non-nasalized sound is transformed into a n sound when it appears before a nasalized sound.13. The process of insertion of a nasal sound to the article “a” when it appears before a wo rd “orange” is known as c.14. The p relation, Saussure originally called Associative, is a relation holding betweenelements replaceable with each other at a particular place in s structure, or between one element present and the others absent.15. In Chomsky’s linguistic model, the m component is responsible for the correct spelling and pronunciation of the words in the surface structure.Ⅲ. Mark the following statements with “T”if they are true or “F”if they are false. Provide explanations for false statements.nguage is not an isolated phenomenon; it is a social activity carried out in a certain socialenvironment by human being.2.Speech is made up of continuous bursts of sounds.3.Acoustic phonetic is the study of the production of speech sound.4.The primary function of the vocal organs is to fulfill the biological needs of breathing andeating.5.The lungs are involved in the production of speech.6.Even if we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, itis still a sentence.7.Many words that were popular among Middle English speakers have lost their Modern users.For example, Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet contain such words as beseem, wot and gyve.8.A lingua franca has to be a native language currently spoken by a particular people.9.To tell whether a sound is a consonant or not, we should judge is its manners of articulation.10.Semi-vowel and semi-consonant actually refer to the same kind sound.11.Two words, or two expressions, which have the same semantic components, will besynonymous to each other.12.Meaning is extracted from text or speech by relating hat is presented to information stored inshort-term memory.13.In English some books is a case of number concord.14.Synchronic linguistics refers to the approach which studies language over various periods oftime and at various historical stages.15.A single phoneme always represents a single morpheme.Ⅳ. Match each term in Column A with one relevant item in Column B.Ⅴ. Explain the following concepts or theories.1.Prescriptive ad descriptive2.Diacritics3.Bound root4.Grammatical relations5.Selectional restrictions6.Speech act theory7.Gradable antonymy8.Standard language9.Esperanto10.EquivalenceⅥ. Fill in each of the following blanks with the original forms of abbreviation itemsin linguistics, and then put in the corresponding square brackets thespecific linguistic field in which the abbreviation forms are used.1.IC __________________________________ ( )2.IPA_________________________________ ( )3.CD _________________________________ ( )4.RP __________________________________ ( )5.UG _________________________________ ( )Ⅶ. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible, giving examples if necessary.1. Describe the major ways of word formation with some example.2. What do you know about the minimum free form?3. What does syntax study? Give a brief account of the major approaches in the development of syntax.4. Why do we say that the analysis of a sentence in terms of them and rheme is functional?5. It has been observed that women tend to approximate more closely to the standard language than man do. Why do you think this is so?6. Briefly explain what phonetics and phonology are concerned with and what kind of relationships hold between the two.。

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一、在下列每小题的四个备选答案中,选出一个正确答案,并将其字母标号填入括号内。

1.Syntax studies two kinds of rules: syntagmatic and ____. ( )A. paradigmaticB. collocationalC. collogationalD. semantic2.The father of modern linguistics is ____. ( )A. ChomskyB. ChimpskyC. SaussureD. G. Leech3. A native speaker’s intuition about the sounds and sound patterns of his language is ____knowledge. ( )A. phoneticB. phonemicC. phonologicalD. allophone4. A ____ relation refers to the sequential characteristic of speech. ( )A. syntagmaticB. paradigmaticC. pragmaticD. vertical5.Which of the following examines word formation and the internal structure of words? ( )A. syntaxB. semanticsC. morphologyD. phnology6.If two or more sounds never appear in the same environment, they are said to be in ____distribution.( )A. parallelB. freeC. complementaryD. constrative7. A surface structure corresponds most closely to the _____ arrangement of words as they are pronounced. ( )A. parallelB. paradigmaticC. hierarchicalD. linear8. The words that sound different but have the same or nearly the same meaning are called_____ ( )A. synonymsB. antonymsC. hyponymsD. polysemics9. Semantic ambiguity can be divided into two types: lexical ambiguity and _____ ambiguity ( )A. meaningB. structuralC. sequentialD. conventional10. Usually sentence meaning is abstract and decontexualized, while utterance meaning is ____ and context-dependent. ( )A. opaqueB. unclearC. concreteD. subject二、填空题。

(每小题1 分,共10 分)11. The study of speech sounds of all human languages is .12. Language has two levels. They are grammatically level and sound meaningless level.13. A native speaker’s intuition about whether a sentence is grammatical or not is knowledge.14.The study of the meaning of words and sentences is .15.In English, there are three nasal consonants. There are [ ].nguage involves the way in which speech comes to thoughts.17.The basic difference between pragmatics and traditional semantics is that pragmatics considers meaning in context while traditional semantics studiesmeaning in from the context of use.18.The theory states that people acquire second language only if they obtain comprehensible input and if their affective filters are low enough toallow the input in.19.As a theory of psychology, Psychology deals with the study of nature and learning of systems of knowledge, particularly those processesinvolved in thought, perception, comprehension, memory and learning.20.In second language acquisition, approaches lay an emphasis on the importance of the inner w orld of an individual and put the individual’sthoughts, feelings and emotions at the first place in all human development.三、判断改错题。

(每小题2 分,共10 分) 如错误,请标明错误之处,并修改。

21. Such features of language as being creative, vocal, and arbitrary can differentiate human languages from animal communicative systems.22. According to Chomsky, langue refers to the system of a language.23. Specific linguistics aims at developing a theory that describes the rules of a particular language.24. All sounds produced by human speech organs are linguistic symbols.25. The word “boy” is neutral in general without any negative sense. However, when a twenty-year-old white man calls a forty-year-old black man “boy”, itobviously has a negative connotation reflecting the racist attitude of the speaker.四、翻译题。

(每小题2 分,共30 分) 请给出下列术语的英/汉语翻译26. duality of structure 27. Arbitrariness 28. applied linguistics 29. semantic field 30. Discourse analysis 31. microlinguistics 32. lexical ambiguity33. reference34. relevance theory 35. integrative motivation36. 语言文化移入40. 计算语言学37. 双语现象38. 批评性话语分析39. 关键期假说五、用英语简要回答下列问题。

(每小题4 分,共20 分)41. What’s the difference between tone languages and intonation languages?42. What is a minimal pair?43. What are the four stages involved in scientific method?44. According to Halliday, what are the three functional components of adult language?45. What is error analysis?六、论述题(每小题10 分,共20 分) 。

请用英语回答下列问题,每题答案不少于120词。

46. How do you understand the differences between sociolinguistics and the sociology of linguistics?47. What is your understanding of applied linguistics?一、在下列每小题的四个备选答案中,选出一个正确答案,并将其字母标号填入括号内。

1. A2. C3. C4. A5. B6. C7. D8. A9. B 10. C二、填空题。

(每小题1 分,共10 分)11. phonetics12. meaningful13. syntactic 14. semantics15. m , n , ῃ16. comprehension17. isolation18. monitor19. cognitive20. humanistic三、判断改错题。

(每小题2 分,共10 分)如错误,请标明错误之处,并修改。

21. (F) 删去vocal 22. (F) 改langue 为competence 23. (T) 24. (F) Not all…25. (T)四、翻译题。

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