Assignment

I V ocabulary and Structure1. There are many kinds of metals, ____ its special properties.A. each havingB. every havingC. each hasD. one has2. Anna refused to____ the car key to her husband until he had promised to wear hissafety belt.A. hand inB. hand outC. hand downD. hand over3. It is said that his father____ for several years.A. had diedB. has been deadC. diedD. has dead4. You said the books were on the desk, but ____there.A. there was no oneB. there were noneC. there were no onesD. was none5. Water is to fish ____air is to man.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how6. It’s quite late now and Mr. White____ hasn’t left his office.A. stillB. alreadyC. sinceD. yet7. I still remember the day I first met her, she ____.A. had long hairB. has long hairsC. had long hairsD. has long hair8. They have____ to cover both of them.A. too small an umbrellaB. very small an umbrellaC. a too small umbrellaD. a small umbrella9. “Where is your farther?” “He ____ flowers in the garden.”A. watersB. must waterC. must be wateringD. must have watered10. ____ the book?A. What do you likeB. What do you thinkC. How do you think ofD. How do you like11. It was only a small test; don’t take it____.A. strictlyB. solelyC. seriouslyD. sternly12. Women are often said to be more ____ than men.A. liableB. identicalC. emotionalD. immense13. This ticket ____you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A. grantsB. entitlesC. creditsD. permits14. The police thought that piece of evidence was ____early in the investigation, but itturned out to be vital in convicting the man of murder.A. insignificantB. importantC. unsuitableD. essential15. Because of the severe international situation, the government has urged people tobe ____ with food and water.A. thriftB. economicC. economicalD. economy16. The thieves ____the papers all over the room as they were searching for themoney.A. spreadB. swelledC. scatteredD. divided17. He is too weak to ____his business.A. do withB. do withoutC. do away withD. do up18. After 10 hours at the wheel of the car, he began to feel the ____.A. tensionB. nervousC. exertionD. strain19. We stopped for a coffee break and____ working fifteen minutes later.A. resumedB. consumedC. presumedD. assumed20. The patients believe that Dr. Smith knows exactly how to put them ____.A. rightB. correctC. wellD. straight ⅡReading Comprehension.Passage One:When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans. At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.21. In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .A. attempt to continue the standardization of the languageB. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards orproper patternsC. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or historyD. be more aware of the rules of the language usage22.Choose the appr opriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in line 4 ofparagraph 2 .A. Changes in the forms of words.B. Changes in sentence structures.C. Changes in spelling rules.D. Words that have similar meanings.23. Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of themodern English language.B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stagesof its development.C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.24. The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) .A. historianB. philosopherC. anthropologistD. linguist25. Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage?A. The history of the English language.B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.C. Our changing language.D. Some characteristics of modern English.Passage Two:Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure thatrejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.26. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. All international managers can learn culture.B. Business diversity is not necessary.C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.D. Most people do not know foreign culture well.27. According to the author, the model of PepsiA. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world aroundB. is different from the model of McDonald’sC. shows the reverse of globalizationD. has converged cultural differences28. The two schools of thoughtA. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual culturesB. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countriesC. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business worldD. Both A and B29. This article is supposed to be most useful for thoseA. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversityB. who have connections to more than one type of cultureC. who want to travel abroadD. who want to run business on International Scale30. According to Fortune, successful international companiesA. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseasB. all has the quality of patienceC. will follow the overseas local culturesD. adopt the policy of internationalizationIII. Paraphrase the following sentences.3131.The job of arousing manhood within a people that that have been taught for somany centuries is not easy.32. Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem , is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.33. The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.34.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.35. Now we realize that dislocations in the market operations of our economy and the prevalence of discrimination thrust people into idleness and bind them in constant or frequent unemployment against their will.36. And, in thinking of that day, the absence of worldly goods indicate a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.37.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality38.But one day we must come to see that an edifice which produces beggars needs restructuring.39.Let this affirmation be our ringing cry.40.Be not deceived, God is not mocked. Whatever a man soweth, that shall he also reapIV. What kind of rhetorical devices are used in the following sentences?41. Love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love.42.It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality whichconstitutes the major crisis of our times43.when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated44.It is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remainsecurely incarcerated behind bars.45.Without recognizing this we will end up with solu tions that don’t solve, answersthat don’t answer and explanations that don’t explain.46.Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterdays of segregated schools will betransformed into bright tomorrows of quality, integrated education.47.Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealthand comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by thebattering rams of the forces of justice.48.Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall, justice will roll down like watersand righteousness like a mighty stream.49.Let us be dissatisfied until that day when the lion and lamb shall lie down together,and every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. 50. When our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds of despair, and when ournights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform darkyesterdays into bright tomorrows.V. Translate the following sentences.51.Now early in this centaury this proposal would have been greeted with ridicule anddenunciation, as destructive of initiative and responsibility52. Darkness cannot put out darkness. Only light can do that.53. He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocksthe door to the meaning of ultimate reality54. It will give our tired feet new strength as we continue our forward stride towardthe city of freedom.55. When our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds of despair, and when ournights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform darkyesterdays into bright tomorrows.Keys:I、V ocabulary and Structure1—5 A D B B C 6—10 A A AC D11—15 C C B A C 16—20 C A D A AⅡReading Comprehension.21—25 B A A D C 26---30 C A C D BIII. Paraphrase the following sentences.31.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people32. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.33. The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he4/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free. 34.Power in its beat form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in its best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.35. Now we realize that it is the disorder/disruptions of our economy and the widespread/prevalent discrimination against the blacks that force them to stay idle and out of work consta ntly and frequently but it is not what they want. It’s against their wishes.36.And the common view at that time was a person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.37.Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teaching of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.38.Sometime in the future we will realize that when in a society, especially an affluent society, there are many poor people, then there must be something fundamentally wrong with the society which demands important change and remedy.39.Let us take these lines as our rallying call.40.You can be assured that showing no respect for God’s words will not go unpunished. You shall get the bitter fruit of your heedless actions.IV. What kind of rhetorical devices are used in the following sentences?41. antithesis42. chiasmus43. metaphor44. simile45. paradox parallel structure46. antithesis47. metaphor antithesis transferred epithet48. simile synecdoche biblical allusion49. biblical allusion alliteration50.metaphor antithesis paradox hyperboleV. Translate the following sentences.51.在本世纪之初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责，认为它对主动性和责任感起负面作用。