研究生复试英语 南师大
05,06南师范 英语复试题
2006年南京师范大学英语语言学考研复试试题一、单选题。
1.Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?A) Language is a system. B) Language is symbolC) Animals also have language. D) Language is arbitrary.2.The word “partner reduction” is an example o f _______ in word formation or use.A) acronym B) blending C) euphemism D) back formation3.All words contain a _______.A) root B) bound morpheme C) prefix D) suffix4.When we say that we can change the second word in the sentence “He is waiting outside” with another word or phrase, we are talking about ________ inside the sentence.A) syntactic relations B) paradigmatic relationsC) linear relations D) government5.Chomsky holds that the major task of linguists is to _______.A) tell people how to speak appropriately.B) study real “ facts” in daily settings.C) look for “the universal grammar”.D) tell people what is right in language use.6._______ is a phrase which can only be understood as a unit, not as a summation of the meaning of each constituent word.A) Collocation B) Idiom C) Semantic component D) synonym7.“We can do things with words”---- this is the main idea of ______.A) the Speech Act Theory B) the Cooperative PrincipleC) the Politeness Principle D) semantics8.Which of the following words is a derivational one ________?A) black board B) teaches C) consideration D) books9.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is _________.A) informative B) phatic C) directive D) performative10.________ is not a suprasegmental feature.A) Aspiration B) Intonation C) Stress D) Tone二、定义1.formality:2.constatives:3.illocutionary act:4.phoneme:5.resultative motivation:6.cognitive strategies:7.critical Period Hypothesis: 8.positive transfer:prehensible input: 10.priming effect:三、判断1.Simplification of grammar occurs, so does elaboration or complication.2.Five general types of speech acts share the same illocutionary point, but differ in strength.3.Speakers of all languages are capable of producing and comprehending an infinite set of sentences.4.Phonology is concerned with the abstract set if sounds in a language which allows us to distinguish meaning in the actual physical sounds we say and hear.5.The analyst collects samples of the language as it is used, not according to some views of how itshould be used. This is called the prescriptive approach.6.The term “learning”, when used of language, refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in communicative situation. The term “acquisition”, however, applied to a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of vocabulary and grammar of a language.7.Broad transcription is normally used by the phoneticians in their study of speech sounds.8.Sense means what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world.9.The notion of context is essential to the semantic study of language.nguage is both arbitrary and non-arbitrary.四、问答1.Specify the cognitive factors in child language development.2.Draw the tree diagram for the following sentence to show its syntactic structure. The boy who was sleeping was dreaming.3.Specify the five types of synonyms.4.What are the possible causes of language change?五、评论Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, pr of the dictionary-makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground.Walt WhitemanDo you share your opinions with Walt Whiteman or not? What’s your understanding of language?南京师范大学2006年英语语言学考研试题一、单选题1. Which of the following does not belong to the branches of phonetics?A) acoustic phonetics B) auditory phoneticsC) articulatory phonetics D) learning phonetics2. The word “partner reduction” is an example of _______ in word formation or use?A) acronym B) blending C) euphemism D) back formation3. ______ is the study of how language works in social interaction.A) Sociolinguistics B) PsycholinguisticsC) Cognitive linguistics D) Neurolinguistics4. The relationship between “tulip/ flower” is _______.A) relational opposites B) complementaryC) gradable opposites D) hyponymy5. ______ is the study of the linguistic meaning of words and sentences.A) Semantics B) Pragmatics C) Syntax D) Morphology6. ______ is one of the main features of interlanguage.A) Fossilization B) Utilization C) Assimilation D) Deletion7. Compared with “nurture” position, “nature” position advocates that human beings are innately equipped with _______ in the process of second language acquisition.A) comprehensible input B) language acquisition deviceC) competence D) language transfer8. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two sound combinations form ________.A) minimal set B) minimal pairsC) phonemic contrast D) complementary distribution.9. The relationship between a speech sound and the meaning it represents is ________.A) natural B) arbitrary C) familiar D) non-arbitrary10. “Received Pronunciation” (RP) exemplifies ________.A) sociolect B) regional dialect C) ethnic dialect D) idiolect二、名词解释1.synchronic study and diachronic study :2.linguistic imperialism and cultural imperialism :3.instrumental motivation and integrative motivation :4.phonetics and phonology :5.linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity:三、判断1). Standard dialect is a particular variety of a language which any member of a speech community can possibly use regardless of his/ her social and geographical backgrounds, his/ her gender and age.2). Closed class words are the content words of a language.3). Speakers of all languages are capable of producing and comprehending an infinite set of sentence.4). C ontexturalism attempts to define the meaning of a language form as the “situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the speaker”.5). Odgen & Rechard’s semantic triangle exemplified contextualism.6). Language is culturally transmitted.7). Interlanguage is second language.8). X bar theory emphasizes the head-centered characteristic of phrase structure rules.9). When the notion of texture was taken into consideration, semantics spilled over into pragmatics.10). Prescriptiv e grammar refers to grammarian’s attempt to legislate what speakers’ grammatical rules should be, rather than what they are.四、问答1.Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence to show its syntactic structure. He believes that she loves that cat.2.Summarize the individual differences in second language acquisition.Specify the six sense relations between sentences.南京师范大学2005年英语语言学考研复试试题一、单选。
研究生英语复试
1.Tell me a few things about yourself（简单介绍一下自己）英文自我介绍It’s a great honor to be here for this interview. My name is XX, and I am XX years old. I majored in XX at XX University. Recalling my four-year college study, I feel that diligence and devotion are two key words. It is inadvisable for me to idle away the precious time, so I will spend a lot of time learning and collecting materials in the library. My GPA is XX which the top of in the grade. I've been awarded three scholarships. Under the instruction of my teacher, I was won awards scientific competitions and activities. I published a paper in the Journal of XX, thus stimulating the academic passion in me.I know good things take time and I believe if a person is not born to be intelligent, at least you must make sure you are diligent. That is the key to your further study in the future. I also believe the significance of persistence, without it, a student cannot go further in the academic research.I look forward to continuing my education at your school. I plan to focus on this field of study and research during my graduate studies. Do my best to fulfill it in this interview.2. Why do you choose to further your study instead of going to work after graduation? (你为什么要考研而不是就业?)During my undergraduate studies in the past four years, I gradually realized that the knowledge and skills I acquired in college would not be enough for me to fulfill my personal goals in learning and society. Moreover, my desire for knowledge grew as I dug deeper into this field. Therefore, I feel it's necessary for me to further my study instead of going to work after graduation.3. Why did you choose our university? (你为什么选择我们学校?)I was initially attracted by your university's high reputation. After consulting with several friends who have studied at your university, I was even more impressed by the university's strong academic atmosphere and the professors' sense of responsibility, allof which strengthened my determination to continue my studies at your university. 4. Please introduce your university. (请介绍你所在的大学)My undergraduate school is XX, which is located in XX, XX Province. It is beautiful campus and provides us students with plenty of opportunities both academical and competition activities. My favorite place is the library which has a variety of books. Whichever book I need, I can always find it in the library. I really appreciate the resources and opportunities provided by my university.5. What is your plan in the postgraduate study? (你的研究生学习规划是什么?)If I have the opportunity to study at this university, I will focus my studies and research on my chosen area of specialization. I will arrange my study according to the semester. First of all, I will try my best to learn the theoretical knowledge during the first year of my study and complete the course study tasks, so as to lay a solid foundation for my further study in the professional direction. I will be responsible for completing the tasks assigned by my supervisor.Secondly, by reading a lot of high-quality papers and professional books, and under the guidance of my supervisor, and in the first semester of my research, I will determine my research direction. I will also visit the lab frequently to familiarize myself with the lab environment, the use of instruments, and to deepen my understanding of the lab. Enhancement of relationships with the rest of the group.Thirdly, I will determine the research topic at the end of the first academic year of my postgraduate period, devote myself to the experimental research in the second academic year, and strive to complete all the experiments in this academic year, and carry out the opening report and other related work during this period, and complete the thesis in the first semester of the third academic year of my postgraduate period. Plans are always changing, but I always believe that actions speak louder than words.I hope that in the next three years, I can improve my learning ability and practical ability by actively participating in academic activities and professional competitions and have some academic output.6. What have you learned from your research experience / competition experience? (你从你的科研经历/竞赛经历中学到了什么？)I did my first research project in my sophomore year. It was a team project and I had to cooperate with 4 other students. We encountered several problems during the process. At one point, I almost gave up. Thankfully, with my determination and the joint efforts of team members, we successfully finished the project. I've learnt two things from this research experience: firstly, never give up, even in the most difficult situation; secondly, seek others' help when facing obstacles and always be ready to help others when they are in need.7. Where are you from? (你来自哪里? )I am from XX, a beautiful city in XX. It is a national historical and cultural city. XX played a very important role in ancient Chinese history. There are not only beautiful scenery and delicious foods, but also a long so it has a rich cultural heritage. In my hometown there are precious artifacts and ancient historical sites that have been well preserved and can show the people who visit them a strong historical atmosphere. 8.What are your strengths and weaknesses? （你的优缺点是什么）优点：When it comes to my strengths, I would like to describe them with three key words: patience, diligence, and endurance. Because I know these strengths are quite important in academic paper or research work. I could spend most of my time studying. I can stand a long-time reading and researching work. Without a strong endurance, a student can’t go further in the academic world.I am always passionate to keep on doing one thing and getting it done.缺点：I'm a little unsure of myself, so I will be a bit nervous when talking in front of many people. To improve myself, I have done a lot of practice in speaking. Although I'm stilla bit nervous at this moment, I have prepared in the interview.9.家庭There are three members in my family, my father, my mother and me. Although my parents are ordinary farmers, they can bear hardships and stand hard work. Their responsible attitude towards work has a great influence on me. They always encouraged me when I was in trouble. They will also support my choice. I thank them very much and I will try my best to repay them.10.兴趣爱好I enjoy reading primarily because it can cultivate my critical thinking, diversify my knowledge and enrich my mind. Running is also one of my hobbies, because it could relax myself, ease tiredness, release the pressure and keep my body in good shape.。
2003年南京师范大学英语语言学考研复试真题
专业课复习资料（最新版）封面2003Passage one:The study of how we do things with sentence is the study of speech acts. In studying speech acts, we are acutely aware of the importance of the context of utterance. In some circumstances There is a sheepdog in the closet is a warning, but the same sentence may be a promise or even a mere statement of fact, depending on circumstances. We call this purpose----a warning, a promise, a threat, or whatever----the illocutionary force of a speech act.Speech act theory aims to tell us when we appear to ask questions but are really giving orders, or when we say one thing with special (sarcastic) intonation and mean the opposite. Thus, at a dinner table, the question Can you pass the salt? means the order Pass the salt! It is not a request for information, and yes is an inappropriate response.1.Illocutionary acts are special case of speech acts, referring to the speaker’s intention in uttering something.2.Because the illocutionary force of a speech act depends on the context of the utterance, speech act theory is a part of pragmatics.3.In most cases, the illocutionary force of “Look out!” is a suggestion.4.The speech act theory originated with the British philosophy John Austin in the late 70’s.5.Billy and Joe were long-time pals. One time Billy was in desperate need of money. His car had broken down and he needed $300 to fix it. So, he asked Joe for a load. Joe said he could lend Billy the money. This made Billy happy and he said to Joe;(a) “You are a terrible friend.”It is non-sarcastic answer.(b) “You are a fine friend.”It is a sarcastic one.Passage twoInflectional is a term used in Morphology to refer to one of the two main categories or processes of sword formation, the other being derivational. These terms also apply to the two types of affix involved in word formation. Inflectional affixes signal grammatical relationships, such as plural, past tense and possession, and do not change the grammatical class of the stems t which they are attached; that is, the words constitute a single paradigm, e.g. walk, walks, walked. A word is said to “inflect for past tense, plural, etc. In traditional (pre-linguistic) grammatical studies, the term “accidence” was used in this sense.In the phrase inflecting language (“inflectional” or “inflected” language), the term refers to a type of language established by comparative linguistics using structural (as opposed to diachronic) criteria, and focusing on the characteristics of the word. In this kind of language, words display grammatical relationships morphologically: they typically contain more than one morpheme but, unlike agglutinative languages, there is no one-to-one correspondence between these morphemes and the linear sequence of morphs. In languages such as Latin, Greek, Arabic etc. the inflectional forms of words may represent several morphological oppositions, e.g. in Latin amo(I love), the form simultaneously represents present tense, active, first person singular, indicative. This “fusing” of properties has led to such languages being called fusional and had motivated the。
研究生复试英语问题提问20个
研究生复试英语问题提问20个The graduate school interview is a crucial step in the application process, and it often includes an English proficiency test. To help you prepare for this important part of your application, here are 20 common questions that you may encounter during the English interview:1. Can you introduce yourself and your academic background?2. Why did you choose to apply for this program?3. What are your research interests and how do they align with the program?4. How do you plan to contribute to the academic community at our institution?5. Can you discuss a research project or paper that you have worked on?6. How do you stay updated on developments in your field of study?7. What are your career goals after completing this program?8. How do you handle challenges and setbacks in your academic work?9. Can you discuss a current issue in your field of study and your perspective on it?10. How do you plan to balance your academic work with other commitments?11. Have you had any teaching or mentoring experience?12. How do you plan to make the most of your time in graduate school?13. Can you discuss a book or article that has influenced your thinking?14. How do you approach collaboration with peers and professors?15. Can you discuss a time when you had to work in a team to achieve a goal?16. How do you plan to apply the knowledge and skills you gain in this program?17. Can you discuss a time when you had to overcome a difficult academic challenge?18. How do you plan to stay motivated and focused during your graduate studies?19. Can you discuss a potential research project that you would like to pursue in the future?20. Why do you think you are a good fit for this program and institution?By preparing thoughtful and concise responses to these questions, you can demonstrate your readiness for graduate studies and impress the interview panel. Remember to practice speaking in English to improve your fluency and confidence. Good luck with your interview!。
北京师范大学、首都师范大学、南京师范大学045108学科教学(英语)参考书目列表比较
3、《教育研究导论》，北京师范大学出版社，宁虹
4、《教育研究方法导论》，教育科学出版社，【美】威廉
3、英语阅读测试（上机）
不指定参考书
4、英语口语测试（口试）
不指定参考书
876-语言学与英语教学
1、《语言教学的流派（第二版）Approaches and methods in language teaching》，外语教学与研究出版社，2008年11月第一版（翻印）
866-语言学与英语教学
1.语言研究（第2版）（The Study of Language, 2nd edition），George Yule著，外语教学与研究出版社，2000。
2.《外语学习与教学导论》，Keath Johnson著，外语教学与研究出版社，2002年。
3.《英语教学法教程》第2版，王蔷主编，高等教育出版社，2006年。
初试
复试科目
参考书目
北京师范大学
101-思想政治理论（满分100分）
204英语二（满分100分）
思想政治理论、英语二为全国统考科目，请参考教育部考试中心统一编制的最新考试大纲；其中英语二重点考查英语应用能力，尤其是阅读和翻译能力。
333-教育综合（满分150分）
教育综合请参考教育专业学位全国教育指导委员会制定的指导性意见（请点击下载）。
首都师范大学
101-思想政治理论（满分100分）
204英语二（满分100分）
1、英语综合测试（笔试）
不指定参考书
2、语言学与语言教学（笔试）
《语言研究》，外研社，Georse Yule,;
《第二语言教与学》，外研社，David Nunan,
南师大英语写作(学硕)复习资料
写作：4. Writing an opening paragraphAn opening paragraph usually consists of two parts: opening part and thesis statements.1) Functions of an opening paragraph:Attract readers‘ interest.Present your thesis.2) Five useful ways to write an opening paragraph(1) Begin with a broad, general statement of your topic and narrow it down to your thesis statement. (from a broad topic to your thesis)(2) Use an incident or a brief story. (from a brief story to your thesis)(3) Start with an idea or a situation that is the opposite of the one you will develop. (from an opposite idea or situation to your thesis)(4) Ask one or more questions (from a question(s) to your thesis)(5) Use a quotation (from a quotation to your thesis)5. Writing supporting paragraphs1) Three bases for writing a supporting paragraph:(1) Support (adequate and specific)（论据充分性）(2) Coherence（连贯性）(a)Transitional words:Type 1: Addition signals are used to show accumulation.Type 2: Time Signals are used to show sequence.Type 3: Space signals are used to show location.Type 4: Change of direction signals are used to show contrast.Type 5: Illustration signals are used to show examples.Type 6: Conclusion signals are used to show consequence.(b) Transitional sentences(c) Other collecting words:Repeated wordsPronounsSynonyms(同义词)(3) Unity（一致性）(a) Make all of the topic sentences in the supporting paragraphs related to the thesis.(b) Make all of the major supporting points related to the topic sentences in each supporting paragraph.(c) Make all of the minor supporting points related to the major supporting points in each supporting paragraph.2) Patterns of Organization:(1) Time order (chronological order) (按时间顺序排列)(2) Climactic order (order of importance) (按重要性顺序排列)(3) Space order(按空间顺序排列)6. Writing an concluding paragraphFour effective ways will be introduced(1) End with a summary and a final thought.Restate your major points raised in your thesis, but do not repeat them.(2) End with a recommendation(3) End with a prediction(4) End with a thought-provoking question or questions.7. Sentence Skills1) Three types of fragments:2)Run-on sentences (乱加从句的冗长句子)A run-on sentence is a string of words with two subordinate clauses that are run together without proper punctuation.3)Dangling modifiers (垂悬结构)40a. *Carrying a heavy pile of books, her foot caught on the step.41a. *To get up early, the clock was set at six.42a. *At the age of five, my dad taught me about cars.43a. *To improve his result, the experiment was done again.41b. To get up early, I set the clock at six.42b. When I was five, my dad taught me about cars.43b. He improved his result by doing the experiment again.But some set phrases and absolute constructions are not dangling modifiers.44. To be frank, I do not think he is the right man for the job.45. Generally speaking, at this age, girls are more mature than boys.46. The majority approving of the project, he had to give in.4) Parallelism (并行关系)50a. *I took a bath, sleeping, and waking up refreshed.51a. *The keys to improving grades are to take effective notes in class, to plan study time, and preparing carefully for exams.52a. *In many ways, starting college at forty is harder than to start at eighteen.Correct sentences:50b. I took a bath, went to sleep, and woke up refreshed.51b. The keys to improving grades are to take effective notes in class, to plan study time, and to prepare carefully for exams.52b. In many ways, starting college at forty is harder than starting at eighteen.5) Mixed construction53a. *The most valued trait in an employee is a person who is loyal.54a. *Indigestion is when you cannot digest food.55a. *By taking a No.70 bus is one way to get to our university.56a. *The reason I enjoy horseback riding is because it provides outdoor exercise.57a. *There are many people move to USA.Correct sentences:53b. The most valued trait in an employee is loyalty.54b. Indigestion is the inability to digest food.55b. You can get to our university by taking a No.70 bus.56b. I enjoy horseback riding because it provides outdoor exercise.57b. There are many people who move to USA.改错练习：Revenge is one of those things that everyone enjoy. People don‘t like to talk about it, though. Just the same, there is nothing more tempting, more satisfying, or with the reward of a bit of revenge. The purpose is not to harm your victims. But to let them know that you are upset about something they are doing. Careful plotting can provide you with relief from bothersom coworkers, gossiping friends, or nagging family members.Coworkers who make comments about the fact that you are always fifteen minutes late for work can be taken care of very simply. The first thing that you should do is to get up extra early one day. Before the sun com es up, drive to each coworker‘s house, reach under the hood of his car, and disconnected the center wire that leads to the distrib. cap. The carwill be unharmed, but it will not start, and your friends at work will all be late for work on the same day. If your lucky, your boss might notice that you are the only one there and will give you a raise. Later if you feel guilty about your actions you can call each person anonymously and tell them how to get the car running…Correct essay:Revenge is one of those things that everyone enjoys(主谓一致). People don‘t like to talk about it, though. Just the same, there is nothing more tempting, more satisfying, or more rewarding than（并行关系）a bit of revenge. The purpose is not to harm your victims but(fragment) to let them know that you are upset about something they are doing to you. Careful plotting can provide you with relief from bothersome(拼写错误) coworkers, gossiping friends, or nagging family members.Coworkers who make comments about the fact that you are always fifteen minutes late for work can be taken care of very simply. The first thing that you should do is to get up extra early one day. Before the sun comes up, drive to each coworker‘s house, reach under the hood of his car, and disconnect（时态一致）the center wire that leads to the distributor(全拼) cap. The car will be unharmed, but it will not start, and your friends at work will all be late for work on the same day. If you‘re lucky, your boss might notice that you are the only one there and willgive you a raise. Later,（标点）if you feel guilty about your actions you can call each person anonymously and tell them how to get their cars(代词一致) running again…8. Patterns of development1) Comparison and contrast(1) One side at a time (subject by subject)(2) Point by point2)Cause and effect（因果说明）—— We may support our thesis statements by explaining a series of causes or a series of effects.(1) Causes:These tell readers why something happened. We try to examine the cause of something. Many actions do not occur without causes. For example, Smoking causes lung cancer. (Smoking is one of the causes of lung cancer.)(2) Effects:These tell readers the results of something. We try to examine the effects of something. An action can have a series of effects — good or bad. For example,Twelve thousand smokers die from lung cancer every year. (Lung cancer is one of the results of smoking.)By examining the causes or effects of an action, we seek to understand or explain things that happen in our lives.3) Illustration （说明文）(Examples)In an illustrative essay, you support your point by illustrating it with examples.Illustration paragraph include:例1：Topic sentence:Knowledge often results only after persistenceinvestigation.Supporting examples:Albert EinsteinA detectiveAnnie Jump Cannon(安妮·坎农，美国女天文学家)Investigation into the causes of polio(脊髓灰质炎)Concluding sentence:As students, we too are determined in our investigation to find, retain and contribute to the store of human knowledge.例2：Topic sentence: The first day of school was frustrating.Supporting examples: My sociology course was canceled. Then I couldn‘t find the biology lab. And the lines at the bookstore were so long that I went home without buying my textbooks.Characteristics of illustration●An example is relevant●An example is representative, when it shows a typical real-lifesituation, not a rare or unusual one.●Examples are taken from your own life or the lives of people youknow. They are unique examples shared by no other people.Choose examples that are striking and dramatic and that will make a strong lasting impression on your readersBe sure that the examples you use to explain your thesis should be carefully chosen. You should select examples that are relevant, representative, specific, striking and dramaticTransitional words that are often used in illustration:For instance, For example, Another instance of, Another example of, Another illustration of, To illustrate, A case in point is, Here are a few examples, Some instances, Yet anotherBrief illustration An unelaborated example, often only a sentenceA detailed exampleExtendedillustrationHypothetical An example that might happen but that has not4) Argumentation（考试考点）:In an argumentation essay, you defend your position (point of view) with a series of solid reasons. You try to argue with someone, that is, to persuade others to accept or agree with your point of view.(1) Strategies for argumentation(a) Acknowledge differing viewpointsYou can cite the opposing viewpoint in your thesis statement or in your supporting paragraphs.(b) Grant the merits of differing viewpoints.(c) Use tactful, courteous language.(d) Rebut differing viewpoints(2) How to write argumentative essaysStage 1: decide on a controversial topic (debatable and interesting) and write an argumentative thesis statement. The thesis statement should define the scope of the argument and make an assertion that is open to debate.Ineffective Examples of Argumentative Thesis StatementsExample 1:Thesis: Something should be done on media bias.This is not an effective argumentative thesis statement because it does not clearly state the writer‘s idea. The answers of questions like ―what is that ‗something‘ that should be done?‖ or ―who should do it?‖ are not clear. Example 2:Thesis: CNN is the best TV channel.This is not an effective thesis statement. This sentence is not debatable as it involves personal choice or preferenceExample 3:Thesis: There are 3 ways of media censorship.This is not an argumentative thesis statement as the writer aims at listing the types of media censorship. Therefore, the writer‘s purpose of writing this essay is not to persuade the reader but to give information. Also, the ways of media censorship are not open to debate. Thus, they are not suitable for argumentation.Effective Examples of Argumentative Thesis StatementsExample 1:Thesis: Newspapers should not identify people by color, race, or religious faith in any way.This is an effective argumentative thesis statement. Firstly, the topic is open to discussion. There may be people who would oppose thisargument claiming that this kind of restriction would damage the objectivity of the news. Therefore, the writer holds a clear stance. Above all, it is obv ious that the writer‘s aim is not simply to inform the readers but to convince them to take his / her side in the debate.The expository (p58)thesis statement vs. the argumentative thesis statement:Similarity:Both expository(说明的，解释的) and argumentative thesis statements express a certain opinion about a topic.Difference:An expository thesis statement does not include a sharp opinion; rather, it discusses advantages, disadvantages, types, reasons, results, problems, solutions, processes, or categories of an issue often in the form of listing, enumeration, classification, or sequencing.An argumentative thesis statement has a clear stance on a debatable topic, fiercely argues that the writer’s opinion is correct and reflects this subjectivity both in its style and tone.Choosing an argumentative topic is not an easy task. The topic should be such thatit should be narrowed down×Marijuana ( [ˌmærəˈwɑːnə]大麻) should be considered illegal.(Not a good topic because it is too general. In some medical cases, marijuana is prescribed by the doctors and the patients are encouraged to use it in case of suffering from too much pain)√Selling and using marijuana in public places should be considered illegal.∙it should contain an argument×We should decide whether we want a bicycle or a car.(our stand is not clear: do we support having bicycles or cars?)√If we are under the age of 30 and want a healthy life, we should definitely get a bicycle instead of a car.×Are you one of those who thinks cheating is not good for students? (a question cannot be an argument)√Cheating helps students learn.×Considering its geological position, Turkey has an important geopolitical role in the EU. (facts cannot be arguments)√Considering its geopolitical role, we can clearly say that the EU cannot be without Turkey.∙it should be a topic that can be adequately supported (with statistics, outside source citations, etc.)×I feel that writing an argumentative essay is definitely a challenging task. (feelings cannot be supported; we cannot persuade other people)Which of the following are argumentative thesis statements?Thesis 1:There are three main reasons why the media manipulate the news. Thesis 2:The media should not manipulate the news in any way.Thesis 3:It is essential to be media literate for three reasons.Thesis 4:It is essential that media literacy be taught in schools.Thesis 1is not argumentative. Although the writer has the assumption that the media manipulate the news, the aim of this essay is not to convince the reader on this issue, but to simply list the three reasons for media manipulation. The reader, too, expects to learn the three reasons. Thesis 2 is acceptable as an argumentative thesis statement because the writer clearly takes a stand in the debate about whether the media should manipulate the news or not. Here, the writer intends to influence the mind of readers rather than to merely inform them.Thesis 3 is an expository thesis statement although the sentence includes a strong word, ―essential‖. The use of this word does not make the thesis statement an argumentative one because the aim here is to inform the reader about the three reasons. The reader, here, expects to read a list of the reasons without being forced to take a side. The writer does not hold a stance in an ongoing discussion.Thesis 4is clearly an argumentative thesis statement. Firstly, the topic is debatable. Secondly, the writer is clear about where in the discussion he stands. Finally, the purpose of the writer is to a ffect the readers‘ ideas on this issue.On the whole, while writing argumentative thesis statements, be sure to have a debatable topic, state your claim and stance as strongly as possible and make the reader understand that your aim is to persuade rather than only to inform.Stage 2: Generating ideas: After formulating your argumentative thesis statement, you need to brainstorm a variety of supporting ideas, counter arguments and ways to refute these opposing views. In supporting your argument, the evidence that you include can be facts, examples, support from authority (testimony), and statistics.(3) Organization:All argumentative essays have PROs and CONs (赞成反对). Before starting writing, it is imperative to make a list of these ideas and choose the most suitable ones among them for supporting and refuting.There are three possible organization patterns:PRO idea 2CON(s) + Refutation(s)ConclusionExample 1:5) Description（描写文）More than many other types of essays, descriptive essays strive to create a vivid experience for the reader. Great descriptive essays achieve this effect not through facts and statistics but by using detailed observations and descriptions.As you get started on your descriptive essay, it‘s important for you to identify exactly what you want to describe. Often, a descriptive essay will focus on portraying one of the following:a person∙ a place∙ a memory∙an experience∙an objectHow should you write your description?As you write your descriptive essay, remember: showing, not telling. Showing and not telling means that you paint a picture for your reader. The difference between showing and telling:Example 1:(1) I grew tired after dinner.(2) As I leaned back and rested my head against the top of the chair, my eyelids began to feel heavy, and the edges of the empty plate in front of me blurred with the white tablecloth.The first sentence tells readers that you grew tired after dinner. The second sentence shows readers that you grew tired. The most effective descriptive essays are loaded with such showing because they enable readers to imagine or experience something for themselves.Example 2:(1) The lake stared through the trees, a wide grey eye trapped in a perpetual state of weeping.(2) There were trees near the lake.As you write your descriptive essay, the best way to create a vivid experience for your readers is to focus on the five senses.∙sight∙sound∙smell∙touch∙tasteWhen you focus your descriptions on the senses, you provide vivid and specific details that show your readers rather than tell your readers what you are describing.How should you create a descriptive thesis statement?An example of a descriptive thesis statement is: My backyard is like a jungle.This thesis statement does not mean that your backyard is literally a jungle, but that the different aspects of your backyard make it seem like a jungle.写作部分Part I Read the following passage carefully, and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D to each of the questions that follow. Pleasewrite your answer on the Answer Sheet. (10分)The Love of Money is a Root of Evil1、The thinkers of many cultures and epochs have sought to find the fundamental reasons for social problems, philosophers of the past analyzed numerous contributing factors such as leaders, money, deities and citizens in their societies. A significant number of such thinkers came to the conclusion that an individu als‘ passionate attitude towards money was an influential trigger of various social calamities. Desiring to obtain more and more material goods and money causes an individual to become selfish and hard-hearted – this in turn affects the quality of a whole community. An uncontrolled love of money is the reason for many disturbances and wrongs that are enacted.2、To begin with, the love of money may lead to the decline of moral standard. Apostle Paul, who can be said to be a philosopher, says ―…they that desire to be rich, fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful desires, which plunge men into destruction and perdition. For the love of money is the root of all evils; which some coveting, have erred from the faith‖. Paul emphasizes th at the pursuit of money and financial gain causes one to be distanced from one‘s morality and virtue. No longer do people seek to build a relationship with their neighbor; instead they seek ways to use them to obtain more wealth and security. At the same time, people who treat others as means of reaching their goals, tend to be treated in the same manner, thus multiplying their own misfortunes.3、Along with the moral decline, people with a strong lust for money can develop an insensible disposition. In the discipline of psychology, there exists a correlation between happy feelings and money that has already been discovered; however, there is also a link between negative feelings and actions when there is a lack of money (Vohs, Mead & Goode, 2008). Those who have a strong love of money constantly feel the urge to gain more money as if they have a lack of it; consequently, these individuals have a bad disposition and are impatient when confronted with those whom they believe are seeking to prevent them from gaining money.4、What‘s more, because of a fanatic identification with their savings, those with a persistent love of money are hesitant to lose their capital. Such individuals would be hesitant in investing in community projects or remaining loyal to their fellow coworkers, employees, and even neighbors. Today, because of the apparent focus on obtaining more food, entertainment, games and technology, the sense of community is dying. Paul Mattick states in his book Art in It’s Time that, ―A steady increase of the love of money present in our capitalistic economy system causes a sense of community to decline as faith is placed in material things for the self rather than concepts for the community‖ (Mattick, 2003).5、In an attempt to understand the true nature of different social problems of the past and of today, many thinkers have paid attention to the phenomenon of yearning for money. Because of an individual’s love of money, there is a decline in personal values and morals. Subsequently the constant pursuit o f money causes one’s behavior to be inconsistent with the needs of other human beings. Finally, many people with an excessive passion for money tend to identify themselves with their financial well-being, thus being afraid to lose their capital. In their fear, they lose the greatest of all values: a sense of peace.1. Which of the following best expresses the thesis of this essay?A. Thinkers of the past have sought to find the fundamental reasons forsocial problems.B. Philosophers of the past tried to analyze the contributing factors forsocial problems.C. A lot of thinkers concluded that people‘s attitude towards money led to social problems.D. An uncontrolled love of money is the reason for many disturbances and wrongs.2. What pattern of organization is employed by the writer to develop thiscause and effect essay?A. Focus on several causes that leads to one effect.B. Focus on several effects of a single cause.C. Causal chain.D. All of the above.3. The transitional sentence“Along with the moral decline” in Paragraph3 is used to achieve .A. adequate supportB. better unityC. better coherenceD. effective sentence skill4. Which of the following best serves as the topic sentence of Paragraph 4?A.people with the love of money are not willing to invest in community projects.B. People with the love of money are more likely to focus on obtainingmore food, entertainment, games and technology.C. People with the love of money have a fanatic identification with their savings.D. The sense of community is dying.5. The writer mainly ends the essay with .A. a recommendation for people with excessive passion for moneyB. the future of those who lose the greatest of all valuesC. an attempt to understand the true nature of different socialproblems of the past and of todayD. a summary of the results of yearning for moneyPart II Read the following paragraphs and answer questions after each paragraph very briefly according to what you havelearned about writing. Please write your answer on the AnswerSheet. (15分)Paragraph 1July, a fourteen year old grade eight student, was racing down the narrow hallway like a mad dog when he bumped into the principal. Frightened and fearful, he tried to make an about turn to head in the opposite direction. The angry principal would have none of this. He grabbed July by his left shoulder, holding him firmly in his grasp. In his usual stern high-pitched voice he ordered him to the office. Like a lame wounded dog, July limped to the office. There the principal gave him his usual no-nonsense lecture and sent him back to his class.Question 1What pattern of essay development is adopted by the writer in order to show the vivid picture of the relationship between the boy and the principal? (Description)Paragraph 2I．IntroductionThesis statement: From the perspectives of climate, activities and location, to vacation at the beach is better than in the mountains. II．MountainA．ClimateB．Types of ActivitiesC．LocationIII．BeachA．ClimateB．Types of ActivitiesC．LocationIV．ConclusionQuestion 2In order to show the differences between vacationing in the mountains or at the beach, the illustrative method of contrasting is adopted in this guideline. What contrasting pattern is used here? (One side at a time)Paragraph 3The shelf has three layers, two of which are devoted to books on various objects. On the upper shelf are the reference books for my different courses. The books on the middle shelf are taller than those on the upper shelf, and they all stand in perfect order like two rows of soldiers marching through dark night toward down. These are books for killing time but they are my favorites. On the lower shelf, an ink bottle stands in one corner and a pocket dictionary squats in the other. Question 3This is the student's description of his bookshelf. What pattern of organization is adopted here?(Space order)Paragraph 4We know that people live various different lives, spend their time in various different ways, have different jobs, believe in different things, have different opinions, different customs, and speak different languages. Normally, we don't know the extent of these differences, yet sometimes when something unusual happens to make us notice, variety and difference appear more as a threat than an opportunity.Question 4In order to make the speech more powerful , what kind of coherence method is used in this paragraph? (Repeating key terms)Paragraph 5Research has shown that 90% of people naturally use their right hands for most tasks. But hundreds of millions of people use their left hands. Then why are some people left-handed? Scientists have been trying to answer that question for many years. A study done in 1992 found that men are more likely to be left-handed than women. It also found that Asian or Hispanic people are less likely to be left-handed than white people, black people, or North American Indians. Some culturesaccept people who do things mostly with their left hands. Others do not. Question 5This serves as an introductory paragraph for a passage. What specific method is used here as a beginning paragraph? (Question)Part III Writing (25分)In October last year, Beijing announced a plan to reduce the value of English by shifting points to Chinese in college and senior high school entrance exams from 2016. It seems that the glory days of English are fading in China and the removal of English from the “gaokao”is possible in the near future. Some English teachers and educators are opposed to this, insisting that English is a necessary ability for Chinese to understand the world. What do you think? Should English be removed from the “gaokao”, the national college entrance examination? Write a well-organized argumentative essay in which you argue for or against this controversial issue in about 300 words. Don’t forget to write a title for your essay.English Test for Non-English Major Graduate StudentsJan, 2014Ⅰ．Read the following passage carefully, and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D to each of the questions that follow. Please write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (10%)Negative Effects of Noise Pollution1. Technological progress has brought humanity numerous benefits. All types of devices and gadgets allow people to save time, work more efficiently and stay in touch with the rest of the world. However, there is also a flip side. Industry growth, an increasing number of vehicles and constant information overloads causes a significant and underestimated problem –noise pollution. The term noise pollution is used to define unwanted sounds that are released into the environment. Various research studies have proven that noise pollution imposes a number of negative impacts on mental and physical health. To understand the reasons behind their health conditions, people should consider the effects that are usually caused by noise pollution. In a modern megalopolis, noise pollution arises from many sources, such as traffic, barking dogs, noisy neighbors, aircrafts, verbal advertising in the streets and many other environmental factors merging into one sound wall. A person may get used to perceiving these sounds and ignore them, but on a subconscious level, such constant noise exposure has a significant effect. Noise pollution is measured in。
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研究生复试面试英语口语（Grad...
研究生复试面试英语口语（Graduate interview interview oralEnglish）Graduate interview interview oral EnglishReview of 75 classic English questionsIn the English interview, after the introduction, the teacher will begin to ask you questions. Here are a few common questions that you can prepare carefully. Note that in the preparation process, it is necessary to prepare answers with your own experiences and solutions, and integrate your own questions and the whole introduction of yourself into a whole. Otherwise it is easy to grasp the handle by the examiner, asked to no end, it is easy because of tension and design.In the interview every year, there will be many of the same problems, these problems seem ordinary, but there are many pitfalls, accidentally, the examiner will catch the main pigtail. It's very artistic to answer these common, seemingly mundane questions. Here, a total of 75 common types of problems are provided, and this article is analyzed in detail.First, the traditional interview questions (Sample Traditional Interview Questions)1, What, can, you, tell, me, about, yourself? What can you tell me about yourself?If the interview does not arrange for self introduction. This is a question that must be asked. I don't want you to talk aboutyour personal history, he is looking for clues about your character, qualifications, ambitions, and motivations, to determine whether you are suitable for the graduate school or MBA. is a good example of a positive response. "In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport results. As a college student, I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily. The sale is important, but for me, it is more important to make sure that the customer is satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them. I'm very competitive and it's important for me to be perfect."In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student, I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily. The sale was important, but for me, it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them. I m very competitive and it "means a lot to me to be the best.What, would, you, like, to,, be, doing, five, years, graduation, after? What do you want to do in 5 years after graduation?You need to know what you are actually capable of. You can talk to other MBA in advance. Ask them what they did in the first5 years of the company after graduation. I hope to do my bestI can be at my job and because many in this line of work are promoted to regional manager, I am going to do so too."I, hope, to, do, best, I, can, at, my, job, and, because, many, this, line, of, work, are, promoted, to, area, manager, be, I, am,, planning, my, on, in, that, also.3., What, is, your, greatest, strength? What are your most outstanding strengths?This is a question many interviewers like to ask. It's your best chance to show yourself. Don't brag or be too conceited, but let the employer know that you believe in yourself and that you know your strengths. I think my greatest strength is the ability to persist in trying to do things right. I feel a real sense of accomplishment when I finish a job and it turns out just as I'd planned. I set some high goals for myself. For example, I want to be an excellent graduate. In spite of my slow start in my freshman year, I finished my studies with an honors thesis."I feel that my strongest asset is my ability to stick to things to get them done. I feel a real sense of accomplishment when I finish a job and it turns out just as I 'd planned. I' ve set some high goals for myself. For example, I want to graduate with highest distinction. And even though I had a slow start in my freshman year, I made up for it by doing an honor s thesis. What is 4. "your greatest weakness? What's your greatest weakness?你在一个淡水湖的船上。
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Good morning，glad to be here for this interview.Let me introduce myself first. My name is LiShuai，and my English name is MONO Chen. I've finished my undergraduate education in ZhongShan University，Majoring in Electronic Science and Technology.I am an open-minded and smart boy/girl with broad interests，like playing basketball，reading，especially in engineering such as software programming，website designing as well as hardware designing. I designed two websites in the past four years: one is the website of our school，and the other one is the website of the Doctor Forum China 2007. Furthermore，I am interested in C plus plus programming language and have written some application programs. My supervisor says I did an excellent job in the graduate project last July about Image Process. In addition，I have also finished some projects about embedded system by using MCU when I was a junior.Broad interest does not make me perfect in each specific area due to the insufficient knowledge and practice，so I think further study is definitely important for me to realize self-value.The major I expected is IC design. I found that integrated circuits plays a more and more important role in modern society. For example，with the recognition by the government，the domestic integrated circuits industry is growing rapidly and that may provide a great amount of chances for us.I plan to focus my research in this field in the graduate time. And I hope I can have a systematic view of micro electronics and IC design technology and making a solid foundation for future profession after three years study here.Ok，thank you very muchHello，my professors.It's a fine day today，and i'm very pleased to meet you here.First of all，i'd like to introduce myself to you.My name is ***，my hometown is ***，which is a really beautiful city.Even when i was a young boy，i was very interested in biology science.Every one may have a dream，and i still remember that my dream is to be a biology scientist (just like ZHU KE ZHEN).I liked to make wonders just like，where are we from?Where are we going in the universe?And then i would find the answers in book by myself.Still today i think that interest is the best teacher in one's whole life (and knowledge comes from practice).Second，i will introduce my major in the university.My major is Biological Engineering in *** University.It has a great relationship with biology scince.Their relationship can be shown with an example: Just like a river，biology science，which often finds new discoveries and theories，is at the head of the river.And my major，which lays more stress on practical use，seems to be at the end of it.When both of them interact well enough，the discovries and theories in biology science can be soon turned into products in all of the modern industry.Four years' university education gives me a lot of things to learn，a lot of chances to try，and a lot of practices to improve myself.It teaches me not only what to study and how to think，but also to see the importance of practical ability (such as doing expriment as much as possible). In the university life，i have made many good friends.They help me improve my study and research ability，do ererything just likea man，and often give me good example to follow.Besides what i have introduced myself above，i also have many interests in my spare time.I like playing football，which is an effective way i think to improve my body health，and it can teach me how to join in a group and deal with other people.Drawing and writing is another favor to me.Above all，i choose the major in order to broad my view in biology scince，and enhance my research ability.I will do my best to join the new group and be good at postgraduate study.意在准备的过程中，要结合自己的经历和见解来准备答案，让自己回答的问题和整个的自我介绍融为一个整体在自我介绍完了老师就会开始问你问题这里列出一些常见的问题，可以认真准备。
注意在准备的过程中，要结合自己的经历和见解来准备答案，让自己回答的问题和整个的自我介绍融为一个整体。
要不然很容易被考官抓住把柄，问个没完，很容易因紧张而露出马脚。
在每一年的面试中都会有很多相同的问题，这些问题看起来很平常，却有很多陷阱，一不小心就会被考官抓主小辫子了。
回答这些常见的看起来很平常的问题，是很有艺术的。
在这里一共提供了，75个常见的各类问题，本书部分问题进行了详细的分析，其他的问题传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions）1、"What can you tell me about yourself?" （"关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？"）This is not an invitation to give your life history. The interviewer is looking for clues about your character, qualifications, ambitions, and motivations.这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。
这是一个必问的问题。
考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史。
是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索。
来判断你是否适合读MBA。
The following is a good example of a positive response. "In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student, I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily. The sale was important, but for me, it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them. I'm very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best."下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子："在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。