英语文体学The English of Public Speaking
The art of public speaking.pptx
Culture and Language Considerations
01
Cultural Norms
Be aware of any cultural norms or tables that might affect your audience's reception of your message Avoid offering language or topics that might be considered taboo
Appropriate Delivery
Appropriate delivery involves speaking at an appropriate space, using modulation in volume and pitch, and maintaining eye contact with the audience The speaker should also vary their tone and space to keep the audience engaged
03
Engaging Content
Engaging content keeps the audience interested and involved It should be relevant, interesting, and tailed to the target audience
Elements of a Good Speech
Demographics and Psychology
Occupational Backgrounds Understanding your audience's expertise can help you connect with them on a personal level and provide relevant examples from their industry
英语文体学 Chapter The English of Public Speech
8.3 General Features of Public Speech
Public speaking shows the characteristics of the written mode
English Stylistics
Chapter 8 The English of Public Speech
WANG Yao @ SDUT
Contents
8.1 Scope of Public Speech 8.2 A Sample Text for Analysis 8.3 General Features of Public
So under the heading of public speech, we shall mainly discuss persuasive speeches.
8.2 A Sample Text for Analysis
Winston Churchill on May 13, 1940 in the House of Commons
So far as the personal tenor is concerned, the 1) kind of speeches can be formal or less formal or informal; the 2) kind is mostly formal, and the 3) kind varies in degree of formality.
Public speaking is also different from daily conversation
It concentrates on one topic with highly structured format and more formal language, and makes a more effective way of delivery.
英语文体学-Chapter-7-The-English-of-Conversation
Chapter 7 The English of Conversation
WANG Yao @ SDUT
Contents
7.1 Necessity of Studying Speech 7.3 Object of Study 7.5 A Sample Text of Casual
4) Simple nominal and verbal group structure
Nominal groups tend to be “Det+(Adj)+Noun”; with not much postmodification or adjective sequence
Relative clauses omit an optional relative pronoun and the prep. is put at the end
Saussure emphasized speech over writing
Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication
People talk and they communicate their thoughts and feelings by means of oral sounds.
A teacher, for instance, will talk with his wife at home, with his colleagues at school, with his students in the classroom, with shop assistants when shopping, with friends on the phone, etc. He is likely to engage in monologue as well
作文The power of public speaking
The Power of Public SpeakingOne of the Chinese traditional virtues is to keep low profile and don’t speak it out, and as long as you do it, people will find it and reward what you did. However, that is out of place. The time is changing especially now, in a whole world of opportunities. Public speaking is considered as an important skill for every individual, and a powerful weapon in seeking opportunities in this world full of possibilities.Public speaking is a process of speaking to a group of individuals in a deliberate manner, intended to inform and influence the audience. It is closely allied to "presenting", although the latter has more of a commercial connotation. This kind of communication plays a significant role as a sender of information, which includes one’s need, thoughts, emotions and etc., between the speaker and other characters. Its endless power accompanies us invisibly in our daily lives.It is depending on the power of public speaking that we present our projects in our schools leisurely and perfectly, that we express ourselves naturally and gracefully in the social activities, that we are well prepared for the formal job interviews, that we overcome our shyness in public, make us express our own ideas, ability and achievements sufficiently and effectively, that we become a well-received person in the social life. That is the power of public speaking, the power of communication, of excitation and of sparkle of thoughts.。
The Art of Public Speaking
The Art of Public Speaking The art of public speaking is a skill that many people struggle with. Whether it's speaking in front of a large audience or simply presenting in a meeting, the ability to effectively communicate and engage with others is crucial in both personal and professional settings. However, for some, the thought of public speaking can be daunting and anxiety-inducing. This fear can stem from a variety of factors, including a lack of confidence, fear of judgment, or simply not knowing how to effectively deliver a message. In this response, we will explore the challenges of public speaking, the importance of honing this skill, and strategies for overcoming the fear of speaking in public. One of the main challenges of public speaking is the fear of judgment and rejection. Many individuals worry about making mistakes, stumbling over their words, or being perceived as incompetent in front of others. This fear can be paralyzing and prevent individuals from fully expressing themselves and sharing their ideas. Additionally, the pressure to perform well and meet the expectations of the audience can create a significant amount of stress and anxiety. These feelings can be overwhelming and make it difficult for individuals to speak confidently and effectively. Another challenge of public speaking is the ability to engage and connect with the audience. Effective public speaking goes beyond simply delivering a message – it requires the speaker to captivate the audience, hold their attention, and leave a lasting impression. This can be particularly challenging when speaking to a large audience or when the topic is complex or unfamiliar to the audience. Without the ability to engage the audience, the message may be lost or forgotten, rendering the speech ineffective. Despite these challenges, the importance of honing the skill of public speaking cannot be overstated. Whetherit's in a professional setting, such as delivering a presentation at work, or in a personal setting, such as giving a toast at a wedding, the ability to speak confidently and effectively is a valuable asset. Public speaking allowsindividuals to share their ideas, influence others, and build connections. It can also boost one's confidence, improve communication skills, and open up opportunities for career advancement and personal growth. So, how can one overcome the fear of public speaking and become a more effective communicator? Onestrategy is to practice and prepare thoroughly. By rehearsing the speech multiple times, the speaker can become more familiar with the content and delivery, which can help alleviate anxiety and build confidence. Additionally, seeking feedback from trusted individuals can provide valuable insights and help improve theoverall delivery of the speech. Another strategy is to focus on the message and the audience rather than on oneself. By shifting the focus away from personal insecurities and onto the value of the message being delivered, the speaker canfeel more purposeful and connected to the audience. This can help reduce self-consciousness and increase the speaker's ability to engage with the audience. Furthermore, utilizing visual aids and storytelling techniques can help enhancethe delivery of the speech and make it more engaging for the audience. Visual aids, such as slides or props, can help reinforce key points and keep the audience visually engaged. Meanwhile, storytelling can create a more personal and relatable experience for the audience, making the message more memorable and impactful. In conclusion, the art of public speaking is a valuable skill that can greatlybenefit individuals in both their personal and professional lives. While the fear of public speaking can be daunting, it is not insurmountable. By acknowledging and addressing the challenges, and implementing strategies to overcome them,individuals can become more confident and effective communicators. With practice, preparation, and a focus on engaging the audience, anyone can improve their public speaking skills and become a more impactful and influential speaker.。
9-The-art-of-public-Speaking-公共演讲的艺术
9 The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术1. The need for effective public speaking will almost certainly touch you sometime in your life. When it does, you want to be ready. But even if you never give another speech i n your life, you still have much to gain from studying public speaking. Your speech class will give you training in researching topics, organizing your ideas, and presenting yourself skillfully. The training is invaluable for every type of communication.1、在你生活的某个时刻，几乎必定(almost certainly)需要做某种有影响力的(effective)公开演讲。
当这个时刻来到时，你希望自己十分有把握。
但是，即便你在生活中从未发表过一个演讲，你仍然会从学习公共演说中获益良多(gain from)。
你的演讲课将会在研究主题、组织思路和表现技巧方面对你进行训练。
这种训练对任何类型的交流都是非常宝贵的(invaluable)。
2. There are many similarities between public speaking and daily conversation. The three major goals of speaking-to inform, to persuade, to entertain-are also the three major goals of everyday conversation. In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you employ a wide range of skills. You organize your ideas logically. You tailor your message to your audience. You tell a story for maximum impact. You adapt to feedback from your listener. These are among the most important skills you will need for public speaking.2、在公开演讲（public speaking）和日常交谈(daily conversation)之间有许多类似的东西(similarity)。
英语文体学Chapter8TheEnglishofPublicSpeech
8.4.1.3 More complex-looking group structures
Nominal groups can be complexlooking with postmodification to be accurate and easy to process
of phrase, relative clause (relative pronoun not omitted) (p.126)
8.3 General Features of Public Speech
Public speaking shows the characteristics of the written mode
Its highly logical organization of thoughts, closely-knit structure and formal language.
Verbal groups
lack of contractions, passive structures
8.4.2 Lexical Features
8.4.2.1 Using accurate and clear word In order to be accurate and clear in
So far as the personal tenor is concerned, the 1) kind of speeches can be formal or less formal or informal; the 2) kind is mostly formal, and the 3) kind varies in degree of formality.
8.4.2 Lexical Features
英语文体学The pulic Speech终极版
The definition of the public speech The components of the public speech The types of the public speech The ways of delivery The features of the public speech
The ways of delivery
•Reading from a manuscript •Reciting from memory •Impromptu speaking •Extemporaneous speaking
Adventages:
R 1.ensure precise wording,
3. Entertaining speech
Aim: interest, entertain, amuse. Types: party, after dinner
4. Stimulate speech
Aim: stimulate, impress. Types: memorial services, inauguration ceremonies.
language
I mI
Adventages:
1.Indicate speaker's confidence and knowlege.
p m 2.Catche the audience's attention
rp
or mo pm
Disadventage:
The speaker should keep to one or two points. Sometimes, they may
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Structure
Introduction (the greetings, the presentation of
the problem, the definition of the problem.)
Body
(the opposing views, the refutation, the evidence,
They are impromptu[ɪm'prɒmptju:] speeches, extemporaneous[eks'tempə'reɪnɪəs] speeches, speeches from reciting, speeches from manuscript, but many of the speeches are written to be spoken before an audience.
Abstract nouns
declaration(declare), emancipation(emancipate), proclamation(proclaim), obligation(oblige), commitment(commit), aggression(aggress), ignorance(ignore)
Phonological device—alliteration
1. we refuse to believe that the 8. a story of a slave-holding
bank of justice is bankrupt
society
2. the dark and desolate valley 9. blood or birth
may be used in other variety First person pronouns Avoidance of non-standard words and expression
Hard words
Items I Have a Dream The Inaugural Address Total
The English of Public Speaking
侯玥 西语小教 2012062004
CONTECT
Introduction Features of speech Summary
Phonological Features Lexical Features Syntactic/Grammatical Features Semantic Features
examples, etc.)
Conclusion
(the speaker's view, appeal to action,
closing remarks, etc.)
Types of public speeches
The informative speech The persuasive speech The entertaining speech The stimulating speech
Purpose
To inform To persuade To entertain To impress
Ways of delivery
=Reading from a manuscript Reciting from memory Impromptu speaking Extemporaneous speaking
Hard Words Percentage
157 9.6%
139 8.8%
296 9. 2%
Total word numbers
1,637
1,576
3,213
Eg: demonstration, emancipation, proclamation, dramatize, declaration, independence, commitment, principle, ignorance, courageous, momentum, enterprise
There are also speeches on special occasions
Definition
Public speeches are delivered orally, but they are also often well prepared in writing and delivered on formal occasions.
12. the power to prevent
13.ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้make no mistake
7. land of liberty
14. favors freedom
15. the pain of poverty
Lexical Features
The employment of big words The employment of noun phrases where verb phrases
Martin Luther King
---I Have a Dream
Phonological Features
Skillful use and control of voice, pitch, pause, tempo
Phonetic figures of speech speed Rhythm Contract
3. seek to satisfy
4. dignity and discipline
5. trials and tribulations
6. the difficulties of today and tomorrow
10. defending common dangers
11. Social Security
Introduction
Definition Structure Types Purpose Ways of delivery
Definition
Public speeches are speeches delivered in public for a special purpose