环境工程专业英语 第二版 钟理 课后答案
环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案
环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案（第二版）——钟理主编Exercises 0Write an article about yourself, including personal background, family, education, interests, ambitions and others. Write as much as you would like to.About MyselfMy name is Qin Zheng. I am from Xiangshan, which is a small town in Ningbo District. It is very beautiful and nowadays a lot of films and TV programmes are shot there. More and more people went there for a holiday. The people there are laborious, virtuous and warm hearted. I’m much felicitated that I was born and raised up there. It is my hometown and I will love it forever.My family has been engaged in farming for generations. My relatives are all farmers. My ancestors and my parents have plotted all their life on thin ground. In my family, my father, my mother and I, that’s all.Now I’m in grade three, a third year student in Jiaxing University. Since I have made a lot of friends, I find life in this university both happy and rewarding. I live happily here. I like climbing mountains. I like singing, listening classical music. I like essay, also novel, but my favorite is essay. Unfortunately, although I have read so much, my writing is still not very good.I hope that I can be an useful person for our society. But at the moment, my knowledge is still not rich enough. In order to realize my objectives in life, I will study hard and gain more and more skills and knowledge, such as speaking English and using computer. If I have enough money after graduation from school, I will study driving. It is good to have a good job when someone can drive a car or a bus.Unit 1 (P.4)1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.life expectancy ：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken ：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air ：烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气global conditions ：全球状况haves and have-nots ：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna ：热带大草原，稀树草原predator ：食肉动物，捕食者environmental disruptions ：环境破坏，环境失调2 Put the following into English.农药—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide)化肥—chemical fertilizer有机废物—organic wastes微生物—microorganism / microbe衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking稀释—dilution添加剂—additive合成塑料—synthetic plastic再生—regenerationUnit 3 (P.19)1 Put the following into Chinese.(1) Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste. 原材料放置过久会失去它们本身性能而变成废弃物。
钟理环境工程专业英语unit8
Unit 8 Type and Sources of Air Pollutants [I]➢What is Air Pollution? Air pollution is normally defined as air that contains one or more chemicals in high enough concentrations to harm humans, other animals, vegetation or materials. There are two major types of air pollutants.➢什么是空气污染? 空气污染通常可以定义为: 空气中含有一种或更多的化学品, 其浓度高到对人/动物/植物或其他物体造成危害. 有2种主要类型的空气污染物.➢ A primary air pollutant is a chemical added directly to the air that occurs in a harmful concentration.➢一次空气污染物:被直接加入到空气中的达到有害浓度的化学物质.➢It can be a natural air component, such as carbon dioxide, that rises above its normal concentration, or something not usually found in the air, such as a lead compound emitted by cars burning leaded gasoline.➢这样的化学品可以是一种天然的空气组分,如CO2, 浓度高出其正常浓度, 或者一些通常在空气中不常发现的物质, 如从燃烧含铅汽油汽车中排放的含铅组分.➢ A secondary air pollutant is a harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere through a chemical reaction among air components.➢二次空气污染物:是在大气中通过与空气中的各组分发生化学反应而生成的有害化学品.➢Serious air pollution usually results over a city or other area that is emitting high levels of pollutants during a period of air stagnation(停滞).➢在一个城市或地区, 在空气停滞时期排放高浓度的污染物会导致严重的空气污染.➢The geographic location of some heavily populated cities, such as Los Angeles and Mexico City, makes them particularly susceptible(易受影响) to frequent air stagnation and pollution build up.➢在一些人口高度密集的城市, 例如洛杉矶和墨西哥城, 其地理位置使得它们特别容易受到经常的空气流动停滞和污染累积的影响.➢We must be careful about depending solely(单独) on concentration values in determining the severity(严重) air pollutants.➢对于单独以浓度值来确定空气污染物的严重性, 我们必须特别小心.➢By themselves, measured concentrations tell us nothing about the danger caused by pollutants, because threshold levels, synergy(协同增强作用), and biological magnification(放大) are also determining factors .➢靠所测浓度自身无法告诉我们污染物导致的任何危险信息, 因为阙值, 协同作用和生物放大效应等也是确定因素.➢In addition, we run into(遇到, 陷入) the issue of conflicting views of what constitutes harm.➢另外, 对于构成危害的因素有哪些, 我们存在着不一致的意见.➢Major air pollutants following are the 11 major types of air pollutants:➢下面是11种主要的空气污染物:➢ 1. Carbon oxides : carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2).➢ 2. Sulfur oxides: sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur trioxide (SO3).➢ 3. Nitrogen oxides: nitrous oxide (N20), nitric oxide (NO) , nitrogen dioxide (NO2).➢ 4. Hydrocarbons (organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen): methane (CH4), butane (C4H10), benzene (C6H6).➢ 5. Photochemical oxidants : ozone (03) , PAN (a group of peroxyacylnitrates过氧酰基硝酸脂) , and various aldehydes (醛)➢ 6. Particulates (solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in air)➢固体颗粒或悬浮在空气中的液体液滴: smoke(烟尘), dusts(灰尘), soot (煤烟), asbestos 石棉, metallic particles ( such as lead , beryllium铍, cadmium 镉), oil, salt spray含盐喷雾, sulfate salts硫酸盐.➢7. Other inorganic compounds: asbestos石棉, hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), sulfur acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3).➢8. Other organic (carbon-containing) compounds: pesticides农药杀虫剂, Herbicides除草剂(herb,药草,香草), various alcohols, acids, and other’s chemicals.➢9. Radioactive substances: tritium氚, radon氡, emissions from fossil fuel and nuclear power plants.➢10. Heat.➢11. Noise.➢The following table summarizes the major sources of these pollutants.➢VOA: air pollution。
环境工程原理第二版课后答案精编版
环境工程原理第二版课后答案文件编码（008-TTIG-UTITD-GKBTT-PUUTI-WYTUI-8256）第I 篇 习题解答第一章 绪论简要概述环境学科的发展历史及其学科体系。
解：环境学科是随着环境问题的日趋突出而产生的一门新兴的综合性边缘学科。
它经历了20世纪60年代的酝酿阶段，到20世纪70年代初期从零星的环境保护的研究工作与实践逐渐发展成为一门独立的新兴学科。
环境学科是一门正在蓬勃发展的科学，其研究范围和内涵不断扩展，所涉及的学科非常广泛，而且各个学科间又互相交叉和渗透，因此目前有关环境学科的分支学科还没有形成统一的划分方法。
图1-1是环境学科的分科体系。
图1-1 环境学科体系简要阐述环境工程学的主要任务及其学科体系。
解：环境工程学作为环境学科的一个重要分支，主要任务是利用环境学科以及工程学的方法，研究环境污染控制理论、技术、措施和政策，以改善环境质量，保证人类的身体健康和生存以及社会的可持续发展。
图1-2是环境工程学的学科体系。
环境学科体系环境科学环境工程学环境生态学环境规划与管理图1-2 环境工程学的学科体系去除水中的悬浮物，有哪些可能的方法，它们的技术原理是什么解：去除水中悬浮物的方法主要有：沉淀、离心分离、气浮、过滤（砂滤等）、过滤（筛网过滤）、反渗透、膜分离、蒸发浓缩等。
上述方法对应的技术原理分别为：重力沉降作用、离心沉降作用、浮力作用、物理阻截作用、物理阻截作用、渗透压、物理截留等、水与污染物的蒸发性差异。
空气中挥发性有机物（VOCs ）的去除有哪些可能的技术，它们的技术原理是什么解：去除空气中挥发性有机物（VOCs ）的主要技术有：物理吸收法、化学吸收法、吸附法、催化氧化法、生物法、燃烧法等。
上述方法对应的技术原理分别为：物理吸收、化学吸收、界面吸附作用、氧化还原反应、生物降解作用、燃烧反应。
简述土壤污染可能带来的危害及其作用途径。
解：土壤污染的危害及其作用途径主要有以下几个方面：①通过雨水淋溶作用,可能导致地下水和周围地表水体的污染;②污染土壤通过土壤颗粒物等形式能直接或间接地为人或动物所吸入;③通过植物吸收而进入食物链,对食物链上的生物产生毒害作用等。
环境工程专业英语第二版课后习题答案分析解析
钟理主编环境工程专业英语课后习题Unit 1 (P.4)1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.life expectancy ：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken ：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air ：烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气global conditions ：全球状况haves and have-nots ：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna ：热带大草原，稀树草原predator ：食肉动物，捕食者environmental disruptions ：环境破坏，环境失调2 Put the following into English.农药—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide)化肥—chemical fertilizer有机废物—organic wastes微生物—microorganism / microbe衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking稀释—dilution添加剂—additive合成塑料—synthetic plastic再生—regenerationUnit 3 (P.19)1 Put the following into Chinese.(1) Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste. 原材料放置过久会失去它们本身性能而变成废弃物。
(2) Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不良的零件清洗或者不充分的接触时间将减少工艺过程中化学品的有用性，增加处理废弃物的费用以及替换化学药品的费用。
环境工程专业英语II 教学大纲
环境工程专业英语II一、课程说明课程编号：050220Z10课程名称：环境工程专业英语II/ Special English for Environment Engineering II课程类别：专业选修课学时/学分：32/2先修课程：大气污染控制工程、水污染控制工程、固体废物处理与处置适用专业：环境工程教材、教学参考书：1.钟理主编，《环境工程专业英语》，化学工业出版社，20052.田学达主编，《English on Environmental Science and Engineering》，化学工业出版社，2003年.3.约翰. 斯韦尔斯，Writing Scientific English, 陕西人民出版社，1987二、课程设置的目的意义《环境工程专业外语II》课程既为学生继续英语学习并同时接受环境专业训练提供帮助。
通过本课程的学习，要求学生既要掌握专业英语初步的“读写听说”能力，同时巩固学过的专业知识，学习一些新的环境科学与工程知识。
本课程教学采用多媒体辅助教学，尽可能为学生提供一些便于理解课文的图解和动画演示，引导学生将英语学习和专业学习有机地结合起来，锻炼学生理解英文文献、正确翻译文献以及初步专业英语写作的能力。
本课程要求教师采用积极互动的教学方式，创造一种活跃的、合作学习的气氛，尝试“交流－互动”的教学模式，使学生在听力、阅读理解、翻译和写作能力方面都有一定提高。
三、课程的基本要求知识要求：系统掌握环境工程有关的专业术语的正确表达，掌握最新环境工程技术发展动态。
能力和素质要求：通过该课程的学习，使学生能够具备阅读英文文献资料以及口头交流的能力，用于解决环境治理复杂工程问题，设计实验、分析与解释数据。
四、教学内容、重点难点及教学设计五、实践教学内容和基本要求无。
六、考核方式及成绩评定本课程期末集中考核采用笔试进行，平时成绩采用课堂考勤、课外阅读与作业、随堂考试、专题演说等方式考核。
钟理环境工程专业英语unit5
Unit 5 Chemistry of the AtmosphereIntroduction to Chemistry of the Atmosphere➢The thin gaseous envelope that surrounds our planet is integral to the maintenance of life on earth.➢环绕我们星球的薄气层是地球上维持生命所不可或缺的。
➢The composition of the atmosphere is predominately determined by biological processes acting in concert with physical and chemical change.➢大气的组成主要是由与物理和化学变化协同作用的生物过程决定的。
➢Though the concentrations of the major atmospheric constituents oxygen and nitrogen remain the same,the concentration of trace species, which are key to many atmospheric processes are changing.➢虽然大气中主要成分氧和氮的浓度保持不变，但对许多大气过程起关键作用的微量物种的浓度正在发生变化。
➢It is becoming apparent that man's activities are beginning to change the composition of the atmosphere over range of scales, leading to, for example, increased acid deposition, local and regional ozone episodes, stratospheric ozone loss and potentially climate changem. In this part.➢越来越明显的是，人类的活动开始在一定范围内改变大气的组成，例如，导致酸沉降增加、局部和区域臭氧事件、平流层臭氧损失和潜在的气候变化。
环境工程专业英语(钟理编)unit_13翻译
自来水处理过程现代化技术所取得的伟大成就之一就是极大的降低了霍乱和伤寒等水源性疾病的发生。
这些疾病曾经对人类的健康产生过巨大威胁，但现在不是了。
进步的关键在于人们认识到被人为污染的公共水供应是主要的传染源，这可以通过更积极更先进的水处理技术所消除。
今天的水处理厂被设计为能持续的提供符合饮用水标准的水。
有四个主要的方面要考虑：水源的选择、水质的保护、所使用的处理方法和如何防止二次污染。
一般的预防地下水污染和地表水污染的措施包括防止排泄物管道和雨水管道的排放口靠近蓄水池，安装栅栏防止娱乐用水的污染，限制在水库流域使用化肥和杀虫剂。
隔离、混凝/絮凝、沉淀、过滤是地表水处理的四个主要步骤。
水处理要实现一到三个目标：去除沙和尘土等颗粒物质、有机物质、微生物和藻类；去除引起色度和硬度的溶解物质；去除或破坏致病细菌和病毒。
实际的处理工艺的选择有赖于水源的类型和所需要的水质。
有时，不太混浊的进水可以通过自然沉降来去除较大的颗粒，在利用过滤去除剩余的颗粒。
但通常，进水的颗粒物非常小，在短时间内仅仅依靠沉淀和简单的过滤无法去除。
作为补救，将会加入胶体这种化学药品来吸附小颗粒，形成大颗粒在沉淀池里析出，或在过滤池里直接去除。
颗粒物质的去除从水中去除颗粒物的操作步骤包括隔离、混凝/絮凝、沉淀、过滤。
隔离去除像木屑、树枝、碎布和小鱼这样的大的固体物的隔离过程是水处理的第一步。
碎片万一进入处理厂可能会损坏水泵，阻塞管道。
同样的原因，进水口一般设置在湖面和河水面以下，以免吸入漂浮物，最大程度的减少冰的破坏作用。
沉降是水和废水处理中使用最古老最广泛的处理方式，它是利用重力作用从水中去除颗粒物。
它工艺相对简单，造价低廉，可以造成圆形、正方形、矩形。
就像前面提到的，对于浊度高的水，沉淀可以放在混凝后面，对于浊度不高的水，则可以完全省去该过程。
地表水中的悬浮颗粒物的粒径在10-1和10-7毫米之间，分别是细沙和微尘的尺寸。
浊度和不透明度是由那些粒径大于10-4mm的颗粒引起的，小于10-4mm的颗粒主要对色度和臭味有贡献。
(简单处理)环境工程专业英语(第二版)
acid rain 酸雨pollution 污染interaction of systems 系统的交互作用environmental problem 环境问题environmental disturbance 环境破坏biotic habitat 生物环境sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫nitrogen oxide 氧化氮carbon dioxide 二氧化碳automobile exhaust 汽车尾气infectious diseases 有传染性的疾病primary air pollutant 一次大气污染物secondary air pollutant 二次大气污染物monoxide 一氧化物dioxide 二氧化物trioxide 三氧化物carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮nitric oxide 一氧化氮contaminant 污染物strength 强度foreign matter 杂质domestic sewage 生活污水municipal wastewater 城市废水microbe 微生物bacteria 细菌microorganism 微生物total solids 总固体inorganic constituents 无机要素suspended solids (SS)固体悬浮物recontamination 再污染contamination 污染groundwater 地下水surface water 地表水colloid 胶体restriction 限制screening 隔栅coagulation 凝聚flocculation 絮凝sedimentation 沉淀filtration 过滤disinfection 消毒microbial degradation 微生物降解biological degradation 生化降解biofilm process 生物膜法activated sludge process 活性污泥法attached-growth 吸着生长suspended-growth 悬浮生长shock loading 冲击负荷organic loading 有机负荷mixed liquor suspended solids 混合液悬浮固体metabolize 使代谢化metabolism 新陈代谢dissolved oxygen 溶解氧agricultural 农业的solid waste 固体废物municipal 城市化hazardous 危险的industrial 工业的residential 住宅的waterborne diseases 水传染的疾病agrarian society 农业社会industrial society 工业社会industrial revolution产业革命urbanization 城市化industrialization 工业化developed country 发达国家developing country 发展中国家undeveloped country 落后国家nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮carbon oxides 碳氮化物sulfur oxides 硫氧化物nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物hydrocarbons 碳氢化合物photochemical oxidants 光化学氧化物particulates 颗粒物inorganic compound 无机化合物organic compound 有机化合物radioactive substance 放射性物质heat 热noise 噪声volatile suspended solids (VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter 有机物质total organic carbon, TOC 总有机碳chemical oxygen demand, COD 化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand, BOD 生化需氧量biodegradable 可微生物分解的chlorination 氯化消毒ozonation 臭氧消毒softening 软化adsorption 吸附desalination 脱盐处理预加氯prechlorination 预加aeration 曝气activated carbon 活性炭reverse osmosis 反渗透pretreatment process 预处理工艺primary clarifier 初沉池equalization basin 均质池biological treatment process 生物处理工艺aeration basin 曝气池secondary clarifier 二沉池biomass 生物质heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌autotrophic bacteria 自养菌hydraulic retention time (HRT) 水力停留时间sludge residence time (SRT) 污泥停留时间commercial 商业的putrescible 易腐烂的combustible 易燃的flammable 可燃的explosive 易爆的radioactive 放射性的汽车尾气automobile exhaust compaction: 压实，Landfilling 土地填埋incineration: 焚烧composting: 堆肥compaction: 压实，紧凑sanitary landfill 卫生填埋balance 剩下的，余额，结余batch-fed 分批投料refuse 垃圾municipal waste 城市垃圾perform: 执行shut down: 关闭energy recovery 能量回收incomplete combustion 不完全燃烧combustion 燃烧volume reduction 体积缩小anaerobic 厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biological degradation 生化降解equalization basin 调节池aeration basin 曝气池sludge blocs 污泥絮体settling tank 沉淀池dissolved oxygen 溶解氧suspended-growth 悬浮生长pulverized refuse 垃圾破碎biofilm 生物膜well-compacted landfill 压实填埋场nutrient source 营养源mass-burning 大量燃烧fluidized fed incarceration 硫化床燃烧法soil conditioners 土壤改良剂carbon 温室效应greenhouse effect 由CO2 引起的caust by CO2 世界碳预算the world carbon budget 天气自然波动natural fluctuations 全球变暖global warming 厌氧的anaerobic 腐烂Putrefied 甲烷methane 臭氧层ozone layer 气候模型climatic model 正常浓度：normal concentration 严重污染物：heavily polluted 决定因素：determining factor 光化学氧化物：photochemical oxidants 液体微滴：liquid particulates 含硫的：sulfur-containing 放射性物质：radioactiue substance 汽车尾气：automobile exhaust wet oxidation 湿式氧化1、Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste.环境是我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的。
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Exercises 0Write an article about yourself, including personal background, family, education, interests, ambitions and others. Write as much as you would like to.About MyselfMy name is Qin Zheng. I am from Xiangshan, which is a small town in Ningbo District. It is very beautiful and nowadays a lot of films and TV programmes are shot there. More and more people went there for a holiday. The people there are laborious, virtuous and warm hearted. I’m much felicitated that I was born and raised up there. It is my hometown and I will love it forever.My family has been engaged in farming for generations. My relatives are all farmers. My ancestors and my parents have plotted all their life on thin ground. In my family, my father, my mother and I, that’s all.Now I’m in grade three, a third year student in Jiaxing University. Since I have made a lot of friends, I find life in this university both happy and rewarding. I live happily here. I like climbing mountains. I like singing, listening classical music. I like essay, also novel, but my favorite is essay. Unfortunately, although I have read so much, my writing is still not very good.I hope that I can be an useful person for our society. But at the moment, my knowledge is still not rich enough. In order to realize my objectives in life, I will study hard and gain more and more skills and knowledge, such as speaking English and using computer. If I have enough money after graduation from school, I will study driving. It is good to have a good job when someone can drive a car or a bus.Unit 1 (P.4)1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.life expectancy ：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken ：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air ：烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气global conditions ：全球状况haves and have-nots ：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna ：热带大草原，稀树草原predator ：食肉动物，捕食者environmental disruptions ：环境破坏，环境失调2 Put the following into English.农药—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide) 化肥—chemical fertilizer有机废物—organic wastes微生物—microorganism / microbe衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking稀释—dilution添加剂—additive合成塑料—synthetic plastic再生--regenerationUnit 3 (P.19)1 Put the following into Chinese.(1) Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste. 原材料放置过久会失去它们本身性能而变成废弃物。
(2) Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不良的零件清洗或者不充分的接触时间将减少工艺过程中化学品的有用性，增加处理废弃物的费用以及替换化学药品的费用。
(3) Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic noncyanide cadmium bath.洛克希德（公司）成功地将碱性氰化镉溶液槽改变为酸性不含氰化镉的溶液槽。
(4) Do not try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.不要进行重复研究。
发展网络伙伴以分享思想。
3Put the following into Chinese.Waste reduction/waste/minimization: 减少废物/废弃物/最小化In-process: 工程内，进程内Housekeeping: 维持管理Equipment modification landfills: 设备改造，填埋Biodegradable solvents: 可生物降解溶剂V olatile chemicals: 挥发性化学品Management commitment: 管理层的承诺Unit 5 (P.34)1 Put the following words or phrase into Chinese.primary pollutant 一次大气污染物secondary pollutant 二次大气污染物air stagnation 空气流动停滞，大气停滞nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮(N2O)nitric oxide 一氧化氮(NO)nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮(NO2)soot 煤烟dust 灰尘smog 烟雾ozone 臭氧herbicide 除草剂pesticide 杀虫剂 / 农药2 Put the following into English.正常浓度 normal concentration严重污染的 serious polluted / heavily polluted决定因素 determining factor光化学氧化物 photochemical oxidant液体微滴 liquid droplet放射性物质 radioactive substance不完全氧化 incomplete oxidization / incomplete combustion 含硫的 sulfur-containing风化wind erosion / weathering汽车尾气 automobile exhaustUnit 6 (P.40)1 Put the following into Chinese(1) The most severe sequence of CO2 induced global warning would be melting of the polar ice-caps and the subsequent rise of ocean levels and inundation of coastal plains.由CO2所引起的全球变暖的最严重后果是极地冰帽的熔化，以及随之而来的海平面上升所引发的沿海平原的洪水。
(2) Although global warming from the already elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 has been predicted by most climatic models, such a warming has not been empirically observed.虽然大多数气候模型已经预测大气中CO2浓度的增加将引起全球变暖，但对于这样的气候变暖还没有实证观察过。
(3) Although they indicate trends in average surface temperatures and climate, they unfortunately coincide with increased industrialization and pollution.尽管这些资料表明了平均地面温度和气候的趋势，但不幸的是，恰恰遇上了这段时期内日益增强的工业化和污染。
2 Put the following into English.温室效应 effect of greenhouse由二氧化碳引起的 caused by CO2世界碳预算 world carbon budget天气的自然波动 natural fluctuations in climate全球变暖 global warming厌氧的 anaerobic甲烷methane臭氧层 ozonosphere气候模型 climatic models腐烂 decayUnit 7 (P.47)3 Put the following into English.出口outlet多管高效旋风分离器 multitube high-efficiency cyclone 合成纤维synthetic fabric捕集效率 collection efficiency机械洗涤mechanical scrubbing压力降pressure drop焚化炉incinerator气体离子gas ion捕集板 collection surface碳黑carbon blackUnit 8 (P.52) 1 Put the following into English.尾气off-gas可应用性applicability工业规模full-scale土壤床soil bed生物过滤器biofilter固定资本fixed capital易生物降解的easily biodegraded2 Put the following into Chinese.VOC 挥发性有机化合物APC 大气污染控制Regulatory program 调整项目Financial support 财政支持Operating cost 操作成本Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力Environmental media 环境介质Biological 生物学的Technologies 技术、工艺Inorganic air pollutants 无机大气污染物Unit 10 (P.66) 1 Put the following into Chinese.treatment facilities 处理设备per capita per day 每人每天municipality 市政当局, 自治市population equivalent 人口当量basement flooding 地下室浸水runoff 排水domestic sewage 生活污水type of terrain 地形种类Unit 11 (P.73)1 According to Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.unpalatable 味道差的volatile chemicals 挥发性的化学药品scale in hot pipes 热水管积垢harbor pathogens 窝藏病原体precipitate 使沉淀turbid 混浊的intermittent sources 间歇的污染源fixtures 固定设备2 According to Reading Material, put the following into English.合成有机化合物 synthetic organic compound微生物性能 microbiological properties普遍接受 universal acceptance食品加工 food processing精馏 rectification蒸发和冷凝 evaporation and condensation土壤腐蚀 erosion of soil过滤作用 percolating/ filtration副产品 byproduct脱盐 desalinationUnit 12 (P.81)1 According to Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.land disposal 掩埋处置fecal coliform 粪大肠菌群stringent effluent requirement 严格的废水排放要求assimilation capacity 同化能力practical outlets 可行的排出途径，现实出路aquatic life 水生生物detrimental to human health 对人体健康有害的endogenous phase 内源〔生长〕期Unit 13 (P.89)1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.flow monitoring 流量监测equipment age and reliability 装备老化及其可靠性mechanistic facilities 机械设备microbial activity 微生物活性activated sludge 活性污泥controlling respiration 控制呼吸oxidation ditches 氧化沟on-line automation 在线自动〔监测〕2 Based on Reading Material, put the following into English.手动控制 operator control/ manual control最优化minimize the effects微处理器 microprocessor统计分析 statistical analysis质量衡算 mass balance动力学 dynamics氧化还原oxidation and reduction /redox停留时间 residence time模拟 simulation参数 parameter水解 hydrolysis积分 integralUnit 23 (P.157) 1 Put the following into English.吸声材料 sound adsorbing media弹性介质 elastic media蒸汽打桩机 steam-powered pile driver耳塞 ear plug劳动部 department of labor环保局 Environmental Protection Agency （EPA）环保法 environmental protection lawUnit 24 (P.163) 1 Put the following into Chinese.preempted and defaced land 过早地遭受破坏的土地personal conveniences 个人的便利生活条件lavish dependency 过量依赖solar collectors 太阳集热器undue sacrific 过度牺牲social attitudes 社会态度patterns of living 生活方式再生纸废水物化处理方法研究摘要：通过对三种无机混凝剂（聚合氧化铝、聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁）和一种有机混凝剂（聚丙烯酰胺）在不同影响因素（投加量、pH值、搅拌速度、搅拌时间）下，对再生纸废水物化处理效果的研究，选出各种混凝剂的最佳投加量、pH值、搅拌速度和搅拌时间，结果聚合氧化铝在处理再生纸废水方面效果最好。