英语阅读练习材料

1.For on-campus housing, single and shared rooms are available. Dormitories usually are for men only or women only, but on some campuses, there are “coed” or mixed, in which men lived on one floor, women on another. A bed, desk, chair and bookshelf are usually provided; each occupant must supply sheets, blankets, towels, lamps and items to decorate the room. Bathrooms are shared. Meals are included in a “room only” or “meal only” plan. Many dormitories are closed during long holidays, and all residents are required to leave until the end of the vacation period. Although you may not be permitted to reside in the dormitory during these periods, you can leave your personal belonging --- books, clothes, etc. --- in your room.There are many matters to be considered in acquiring off-campus housing. In looking for off-campus housing, review the following items: contracts; the amount of money required as a deposit; location --- safety of neighborhood, distance from campus and availability of public transportation; and charge for utilities (electricity, gas, telephone). Be certain to keep receipts for rent and utilities charges.1. The purpose of the passage is to .A. describe the problems of on-campus housingB. demonstrate the rules of off-campus housingC. give a general introduction to on-campus and off-campus housingD. show the differences between on-campus and off-campus housing2. Where would this passage most probably be found?A. In a newspaperB. In a college catalogC. In a class scheduleD. In a stud ent’s guide3. According to the passage, all students living in dormitories are required to .A. cook for themselvesB. move out in the vacationsC. supply their own beds and desksD. leave their personal possessions in the dorm4. Students who are looking for off-campus housing must inspect .A. the rentB. the safety of communityC. the monthly payment of telephoneD. all of these5. Which of the following is not provided in dormitories?A. BedB. BookshelfC. SheetsD. Chair2.Electronic books could revolutionize reading, but people ought to consider their far-reaching impacts as well. “The e-book promises to wreak a slow havoc(浩劫) on life as we know it,” Jason Ohler, pro fessor of technology assessment, university of Alaska Southeast In Juneau, warned the World Future Society, Bethesda, Md. His assessment weighed the pros and cons ( 赞成和反对的理由) of e-book technology'simpact on social relationships, the environment, the economy, etc. Before you curl up （蜷曲）with an e-book, consider the disadvantages.They increase eyestrain due to poor screen resolution, replace a relatively cheap commodity with a more expensive one, and displace workers in print book production and traditional publishing. E-books make it easy to share data, thereby threatening copyright agreements and reducing compensation of authors, as well as creating nonbiodegradable（不可生物降解）trash.On the other hand, e-books save paper and trees, reduce the burden of the carrying and storing of printed books, promote self-sufficiency in learning, and make reading a collaborative experience online. They also create new jobs for writers and artists and encourage self-publishing.In final analysis, Ohler points out, e-books should gain society's approval if a few conditions are met: make them biodegradable and recyclable, solve the problem of eye fatigue, be sure the “have-nots” get the technology, and support e-book training in schools and business.1.What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?A. Draw people's attention to the disadvantages of e-books.B. Call on people to reject e-books.C. Criticize schools and business that don't provide e-books.D. Encourage people to use e-books.2.What is Jason Ohler's attitude towards e-books?A. Positive.B. Indifferent.C. Cautious.D. Suspicious.3.In what sense do e-books exert a negative impact on the environment?A. They are unable to be broken down into harmless products.B. They consume a lot of natural resources.C. They produce harmful gases.D. They are capable of being reused.4.What is e-books' negative impact on social relationships？A. They create new jobs only for writers.B. Fewer and fewer people have access to new technology.C. They may threaten some traditional trades.D. They isolate people from one another.5. What does Ohler suggest regarding the use of e-books?A. The society should ensure the poor have access to the technology.B. The society should ban the use of e-books if they cannot reduce eye fatigue.C. The society should approve of the use of e-books if they are made recyclable.D. The schools should solve the present problems of e-books.3.At dawn on September 5th, 1972 a band of “Black September” Arab guerrillas broke into the Israeli building in the Olympic village near Munich where 10,000 athletes were staying. Over 250 plain clothes police had been brought into the village, following a tip off（泄密）of trouble ahead, but none of them saw the Arabs scale the fence. They burst into the Israeli building with submachine guns blazing at 5:10 am.Some Israeli athletes escaped through the windows and side doors. Nine were taken hostage（人质）. The guerrillas demanded the release of 200 Palestinians held in Israeli jails and a safe passage out of Germany. Within hours the Olympic village was surrounded by 13000 police. The Olympic Games were suspended. After some negotiations, the terrorists were told they would be flown with their hostages to an Arab country. They were taken by helicopter to the Furstenfield military airport 25 miles from Munich. Just before midnight the guerrillas and their hostages began to walk across the tarmac（飞机跑道）to a waiting Boeing 727 aircraft. Suddenly all the airport lights were turned out and German police sharp shooters opened fire. The rescue attempt failed tragically. In the gun battle all nine hostages were killed, as well as four Arabs and one policeman. Three Arabs were captured and one escaped into the nearby woods. On the 8th, Israeli planes bombed ten guerilla bases in revenge for Munich massacre.1. The most possible reason for Israeli athletes being attacked and kidnapped is that ____.A. they had a conflict with the Arab guerrillasB. the Arab guerrillas wanted to save the Palestinians held in Israeli jailsC. the German Government hated IsraelD. the Arab guerrillas hoped to get a large sum of money2. When the trouble took place, the Olympic Games ___.A. were completedB. were going onC. were to be finishedD. were to take place3.The terrorists were told that they would be probably sent by air to ____.A. ItalyB. IndiaC. SyriaD. Nigera4. How many Arabs were there as terrorists?A. Seven.B. Eight.C. Ni ne.D. It wasn’t mentioned.5. What do you think Palestine and Israel would act next?A. They would begin another conflict.B. They would begin to negotiate.C. They would try to improve each other’s relation.D. They would turn to UN.4.When they marry, husbands and wives have well-developed health histories and well-established congenital（天生的）and developmental propensities（嗜好）toward good and ill health. Substantial research suggests that, given the existing health propensity and health condition of an individual at a particular time, his or her probability of better or worse future health is affected by a variety of socially mediated factors that are subject to influence or manipulation by his or her spouse.Spouses can promote each other's health by ameliorating（改善）psychological stress. A substantial literature develops strong evidence that psychological stress causes illness, increases mortality risk, and serves as an important mechanism thatlinks socioeconomic characteristics to health and mortality. Stress-reducing mechanisms include removal of sources of stress, and management of stress by talking about it to a trusted other person, psychiatric treatment, physical exercise, recreation and other means. A spouse can provide or encourage all of these stress-reducing behaviors.Spouses also can promote each other's health by providing each other with supportive social contact, and they can facilitate or inhibit each other's social contact with supportive others. Evidence suggests that health is greatly advanced by supportive social contacts, including positive interaction with relatives, friends, coworkers and acquaintances. Recent experimental data shows that persons with more diverse social networks are more resistant to experimentally introduced upper respiratory viruses than persons with less diverse social networks. Spouses can also promote each other's health by providing each other with money income, and they can help each other manage money income effectively. Money does not buy health directly, but it can be used to purchase goods and services that make good health more likely. These goods and services include nutritious food, a hygienic and safe environment, medical care, and amenities that reduce psychological stress. Unless estranged(使疏远)or unusually wealthy, husbands and wives almost always share their financial resources and purchases and consume many of these health-promoting goods and services jointly. In short, there are many ways in which spouses can influence each other's probability of good health.1. What is the passage mainly about?A. How can spouses promote each other's health.B. The spouse's probability of future health.C. Effects of spouse's employment and hours of work on each other's health.D. Spouses influence each other in various ways.2.According to the author, what is the most effective way for the husband to reduce psychological stress?A. To talk to other person.B. To go to see psychiatrist.C. To enjoy.D. To talk with his wife.3.Which one is the suitable summary of paragraph 1?A. Spouse's influence is of vital importance to each other's health.B. Spouse's influence has nothing to do with health.C. Healthy spouses will remain health after their marriage.D. There are a variety of socially mediated factors.4.How can money make good health?A. Money can buy health directly.B. Spouses can manage money income effectively.C. Money can provide spouses with goods and services, which is likely to make good health.D. Husbands and wives share everything.5.Which of the following is likely to make spouses in ill health?A. Positive interaction with relatives.B. Appropriate physical exercise.C. Few social networks.D. Nutritious food.5.The oldest and simplest method, then of describing differences in personality was to classify people according to types, and such a system is called a Typology.A famous example of this method was set forth in Greece about the year 400 BC.A physician named Hippocrates theorized that there were four fluids, or humors, in the body. Corresponding to each humor, he believed, there existed a definite type of personality.The four humors were blood, yellow bile(胆汁), black bile, and phlegm（粘液）.A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. If a person had too much blood, he was called sanguine(血红色), or cheerful and optimistic. Someone with too much yellow bile was choleric, or irritable and easily angered. Too much black bile made a person melancholy, or depressed and pessimistic. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to be phlegmatic, or slow and unfeeling. Scientists have long since discarded Hippocrates’ fluid theory. But the names of the humors, corresponding to these temperaments, have survived and are still useful, to some extent, in describing personality.Other features of people, such as their faces and physics, have also been used to classify personality. Today, however, personality theories and classifications may also include factors such as heredity(遗传特征), the environment, intelligence, and emotional needs. Psychology, biology, and sociology are involved in these theories. Because of the complexity of human personality, present day theories are often very different from one another. Psychologists vary in their ideas about what is most important in determining personality.1. According to Hippocrates’ fluid theory, a man with too much phlegm will be ____.A. optimisticB. easily angeredC. unexcitableD. pessimistic2. The main idea of this passage is about ____.A. the complicated factors in determining one’s personalityB. Hippocrates’ fluid theory and its developmentC. the past and today of personality classifications and theoriesD. different personalities and their details3. At present, psychologists ____.A. have common opinion about personality theories and classificationsB. use biology, archaeology and sociology to study personality theoriesC. have abandoned Hippoc rates’ fluid theory entirelyD. all agree that human beings are characterized with complex personalities4. The third paragraph mainly talks about ____.A. Hippocrates’ fluid theoryB. scientists’ points of view on Hippocrutes’ fluid theoryC. Hippocrates’ fluid theory and its fateD. defects in Hippocrates’ fluid theory5.According to this passage the factors which are still NOT used to classify personality are ____.A. one’s born features and needs of love and successB. one’s height and weightC. one’s h obbies and idealsD. the environment and intelligence。