毛邓三概论自学考试必备知识点

模拟题3Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (30 minutes 30%)Directions:In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are required to decide on the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement.Passage 1Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption of energy, increased demand for raw materials, accelerated flow of materials through the economy and increased quantities of metals and other substances in use each person. The history of industrial development abounds with examples.In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on U.S. farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beings—a ratio that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the population for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic or technological turn of mind. Had they been “economists”, they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population to be more than 50 million. Had they been “technologists”, they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that it would be the prime source of power on the farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly.21. A. According to the passage, what supplied most of the power on U.S. farms in 1870?A. Animals.B. Humans.C. Engines.D. Water.22.Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a consequence of new technologicaldevelopments?A. Older technologies die away.B. The quality of life improved.C. Overall productivity increases.D. More raw materials become necessary.23. It can be inferred from the passage that by 1870 .A. technology began to be more economicalB. the steam engine had been inventedC. the U.S. horse population was about 10 millionD. a national commission on agriculture had been established24. In the second paragraph, the author suggests that “economists” would .A. plan the economy through yearly forecastsB. consult the national commission on the economyC. value the economic contribution of farm animalsD. fail to consider the influence of technological innovation25. What is the author’s attitude toward changes brought by technological innovations?A. He is excited about them.B. He accepts them as natural.C. He is disturbed by them.D. He questions their usefulness.Passage 2Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Culture shock is an occupational disease for people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most illnesses, it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs include a thousand ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and refuse invitations, when to make statements seriously and when not. These signs, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, or customs, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these signs, most of which we do no carry on the level of conscious awareness.Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar signs are removed. No matter how broad-minded or full-of-good you may be, a series of supports have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes discomfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.” When foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people, you can be sure that they are suffering from culture shock.Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner, everything becomes unreasonably glorified. All the difficulties an problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.26. Culture shock is called an occupational disease mainly because .A. like all other diseases it has its own symptoms and cureB. only those who engage in culture work suffer from itC. it is hard to get rid ofD. only those live in strange culture may experience it27. When people are transplanted abroad, .A. they soon adapt themselves to the new cultural environmentB. they try to avoid culture shockC. they feel lost in strange surroundingsD. they become seriously ill28. What do people suffering from culture shock usually do?A. They tend to take delight in gossiping.B. They tend to beautify their home culture.C. They tend to daydream.D. They tend to complain about physical discomforts.29. From the passage, what can we learn about culture shock?A. Those who are broad-minded can easily overcome culture shock.B. Most people in a foreign country will suffer from culture shock.C. Culture shock can not be cured practically.D. Familiar signs in home environment matter in curing culture shock.30. The main idea of this passage is that .A. culture shock is an occupational diseaseB. culture shock is caused by the anxiety of living in an unfamiliar cultureC. culture shock has peculiar symptomsD. it is very hard to cope with life in a new settingPassage 3Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Romantic love is a culture trait found primarily in industrialized societies. Elsewhere in the world, pragmatic considerations rather than flight of fancy are often used to make a choice of partner, and romantic love is seen as an unfortunate inconvenience that gets in the way of the ordinary, rational process of mate selection. Traces of this attitude persist in the American upper classes, where daughters are expected to marry “well”—that is, to a male who is eligible by reason of family background and earning potential. Most Americans, however, see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage, and tend to look askance (轻蔑地) at anyone who marries for a more practical reason in which love plays no part.The phenomenon of romantic love occurs when two young people meet and find one another personally and physically attractive. They become mutually absorbed, start to behave in what appears to be a flighty (充满幻想的) even irrational manner, decide that they are right for one another, and may then enter a marriage whose success is expected to be guaranteed by their enduring love. Behavior of this kind is portrayed and warmly endorsed (赞同) throughout American popular culture, by book, magazines, comics, records, popular songs, movies, and TV.Romantic love is a noble ideal, and it can certainly provide a basis for the spouses to “live happily ever after.” But a marriage can equally well be founded on much more practical considerations—as indeed they have been in most societies throughout most of history. Why is romantic love of such importance in the modern world? The reason seems to be that is has some basic functions in maintaining the institution of the nuclear family (小家庭).31. Romantic love is less frequently found in many noindustrial societies because people in thesesocieties .A. firmly believe that only money can make the world go roundB. fail to bring the imaginative power of the mind into full playC. fondly think that flights of fancy prevent them from making a correct choice of partnerD. have far more practical considerations to determine who will marry whom32. The word eligible (in Line 6, Para. 1), could best be replaced by .A. qualifiedB. availableC. chosenD. influential33. According to the passage, most Americans .A. expect their daughters to fall in love with a male at first sightB. regard romantic love as the basis for a successful marriageC. look up to those who marry for the sake of wealthD. consider romantic love to be the most desirable thing in the world.34. What can we learn from the second paragraph about romantic love?A. It is a common from the second among the old.B. It is primarily depicted by books.C. It is characterized by mutual attraction and absorption.D. It is rejected as flighty and irrational.35. The author seems to believe that .A. romantic love makes people unable to think clearly in the process of mate selectionB. only romantic love can make a marriage happy ever afterC. much more practical considerations can also be the basis for a successful marriageD. romantic love plays an insignificant role in maintaining the institution of the nuclear familyPassage 4Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The fact that blind people can “see” things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may help us to understand our feelings about colour. If they can sense colour differences then perhaps we, too, are affected by colour unconsciously.Manufacturers have discovered by trial and error that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and the cosmetics (化妆品) should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of colour psychology that now finds application in everything from fashion to interior decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the colour of the night sky and therefore associated with passivity and calm, while yellow is a day colour with associations of energy and incentive. Five primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw as red, the colour of blood and rage and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defence and self-preservation. Experiments have shown that colours, partly because of their physiological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat, and blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming colour. Because of its exciting connotations (涵义), red was chosen as the signal for danger; but close analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alertness and alarm, so fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colour that stop the traffic dead.36. Manufactures found that colour affects sales .A. by experience over a long period of timeB. by experimenting with different coloursC. by trying out colour on blind peopleD. by developing the discipline of colour psychology37. Our preferences for certain colours are .A. associated with the time of dayB. dependent on our characterC. linked with our primitive ancestorsD. partly due to psychological factors38. If people are exposed to bright red, which of the following things will NOT happen?A. They breathe faster.B. They feel afraid.C. Their blood pressure rises.D. Their hearts beat faster.39. Which if the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Colour probably has an effect on us which we are not conscious of.B. Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced communities.C. People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly.D. The psychology of colour is of some practical use.40. The most suitable title would be “”.A. The Discipline of Colour PsychologyB. Colour an Its MeaningsC. The Practical Use of ColourD. Colour and FeelingsPart Ⅲclose (15 minutes 10%)Directions: In this part there is a passage with 20 blanks in it. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are required to choose the one best fills into the passage and make the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.“Daydreaming again, Barb? You’ll never amount 41 anything if you spend your time that way! Can’t you find anything 42 to do?”Many youngsters have heard words 43 those from their parents. And until recently this 44 attitude towards daydreaming was the most common one. Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered a(n) 45 escape 46 real life and its duties. But now some people are taking a 47 look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very 48 thing to do.Attitude towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way 49 attitudes towards night dreaming have 50 . Once it was thought that nighttime dream interfered 51 our 52 rest. But then researchers tried 53 the dreams of sleepers. They learned that sleepers who aren’t allowed to dream 54 the benefits of rest. They become tense and 55 . They have trouble 56 . Their mental health is temporarily damaged. To feel well again, they must be allowed to 57 .Now researchers are finding that daydreaming may also be important to 58 health. Daydreaming, they tell us, is a 59 means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have 60 experiments and have reach some surprising conclusions.41. A. to B. for C. in D. with42. A. meaningless B. useless C. boring D. useful43. A. as B. like C. such D. for44. A. kind B. positive C. hostile D. good45. A. healthy B. unhealthy C. wealthy D. worthy46. A. from B. into C. away D. to47. A. traditional B. out-of-date C. fresh D. flash48. A. healthy B. unhealthy C. wealthy D. unworthy49. A. which B. that C. who D. what50. A. thought B. interrupted C. changed D. interfered51. A. for B. interrupted C. changed D. interfered52. A. needing B. needed C. need D. needs53. A. to interrupt B. interrupted C. interrupting D. interrupt54. A. get B. know C. find D. lose55. A. easy B. comfortable C. anxious D. kind56. A. to concentrate B. concentrating C. concentration D. concentrate57. A. sleep B. rest C. relax D. dream58. A. mental B. physical C. sleep D. dream59. A. bad B. unhealthy C. good D. useless60. A. made B. conducted C. experienced D. usedPart Ⅳ Vacabulary and Structure (15 minutes 15%)Section A (10%)Directions:In this part there are 20 incomlete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are required to choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a sing line through the center.61. They were forced to the concert when the conductor became ill.A. changeB. cancelC. removeD. shift62. Reporters asked him to his position on welfare reform.A. clearB. clarifyC. classifyD. clean63. It was a good concert, I enjoyed the last song .A. in theoryB. in authorityC. in particularD. in reality64. The university pressure to close its art department.A. resistedB. insistedC. consistedD. persisted65. Their guarantee customers of fast delivery.A. insuresB. ensuresC. assuresD. reassures66. Newspapers tend to their influence on the way people vote.A. accomplishB. misleadC. exaggerateD. convey67. If you only go to the theatre occasionally, you go .A. again an againB. very oftenC. now an againD. time an again68. If these don’t work I may have to you something stronger.A. describeB. prescribeC. distributeD. provide69. The town has much of its country charm.A. retainedB. remainedC. resembledD. remarked70. This is currently the most efficient way to certain types of date of date like electronicmail.A. translateB. transmitC. transportD. transfer71. I a few words of Russian when I was in Moscow.A. picked outB. picked offC. picked onD. picked up72. The company isn’t of handling an order that large.A. ableB. skilledC. competentD. capable73. Many theories have been advanced to the existence of the moom.A. work outB. figure outC. look forD. account for74. Language belongs to each one of us, to the flower-seller to the professor.A. as far asB. as much asC. as soon asD. as long as75. Some scientists that the Earth’s temperature will rise by as much as 5℃ over the next 20years.A. boastB. convinceC. predictD. evaluate76. The Prime Minister will only resign if he there is no other way out of the crisis.A. receivesB. perceivesC. deceivesD. conceives77. Problems often when you least expect them.A. arouseB. raiseC. riseD. arise78. Considering what he did, I think the punishment was .A. accurateB. accidentalC. appropriateD. additional79. German law the dumping of dangerous waste on German soil.A. avoidsB. forbidsC. preventsD. allows80. The museum is of great interest, both to experts and to visitors.A. strangeB. normalC. casualD. commonSection B (5%)Directions: Complete the following sentences with appropriate words expressions or with the proper forms of the given words in the brackets. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.81. The doctor was greatly excited with his quick recovery. (patients)82. He tried many times to pass the exam and in end he succeeded.83. You will find your books among on the shelf. (I)84. It is the second time that we each other at the subway station. (meet)85. The platform if all of you stood on it. (collapse)86. She play the piano when she was only six. (can)87. Will your salary enable you to buy a new car? (increase)88. This business isn’t profitable; we’ll have to do away it.89. Hardly had he finished his work the telephone rang.90. The chairman would prefer the matter at the next meeting. (discuss)PartⅤTranslation (15 minutes 10%)Directions: In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the reading passages you have just read in PartⅡ. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.91. In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on U.S. farms.92. Those signs include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life.93. Most Americans, however, see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage, and tend to look askance (轻蔑地) at anyone who marries for a more practical reason in which love plays no part.94. If they can sense colour differences then perhaps we, too, are affected by colour unconsciously.95. People exposed to bright red show an in crease in heartbeat, and blood pressure; red is exciting.Part Ⅵ Writing (25 minutes 15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 25 minutes to write a short passage following the guidelines given below:96. 以《网上聊天》（Online Chatting）为题，在25分钟内写一篇不少于100词的作文。