高中英语阅读理解专项讲解
(英语)高三英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)及解析
（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Since English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history. However, a lot of information is still of the speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things.One subject that they guess about is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs (肢) that allowed them to move onto and live on land.Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.Homer thought that tidal (潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs. Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die. The fittest among them grew to accomplish the transition (过渡) from sea to land.Romer called these earliest four-footed animals “tetrapods”. Science has alwa ys thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it.Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer (海洋学家) at Uppsala University in Sweden. She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using computer software, her team had managed to link Homer's theory to places where fossil deposits (沉积物) of the earliest tetrapods were found.According to the magazine Science, in 2014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at the University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.The creatures stranded in the pools wou ld have been under the pressure of “survival of the fittest”, explained Mattias Green, an ocean scientist at the UK's University of Bangor. As he told Science, “After a few days in these pools, you become food or you run out of food... the fish that had large limbs had an advantage because they could flip (翻转) themselves back in the water.”As is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing. Cambridge University's paleontologist Jennifer Clark, speaking to Nature magazine, seemed unconvinced. “It's only one of many ideas for the origin of land-based tetrapods, any or all of which may have been a part of the answer,” she said.（1）Who first proposed the theory that fish might have gained limbs because of tidal pools?A. Alfred Romer.B. Charles Darwin.C. Hannah Byrne.D. Steven Balbus.（2）Why were tides stronger 400 million years ago than they are today according to Steven Balbus?A. There were larger oceans.B. Earth was closer to the moon.C. The moon gave off more energy.D. Earth was under greater pressure.（3）The underlined word “stranded” in Paragraph 8 probably means “________”.A. foundB. settledC. abandonedD. trapped（4）What is the focus of the article?A. The arguments over a scientific theory.B. The proposal of a new scientific theory.C. Some new evidence to support a previous theory.D. A new discovery that questions a previous theory.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，一些新的证据验证了先前人们的猜测理论：即海洋中的动物是因为潮汐的作用导致鱼类发展出四肢，迁徙到陆地的。
高三英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)含解析
高三英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescription．It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo.A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or ail empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen?The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The doctor will heal the body for us if we let it. But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better.Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all.A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it. The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo．（1）What do we know about placebo according to the passage?A. It contains some sort of medicine.B. It won't function if you are negative about medicine.C. People who don't believe placebo can't be healed by it.D. Patients and doctors know clearly how it helps to heal the body.（2）Why is the doctor sometimes the most powerful placebo?A. The patient needs help badly．B. The patient believes in the doctor．C. The doctor knows better about your body．D. The doctor has carefully studied medicine．（3）What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The placebo.B. The bad effect.C. The body.D. The medicine.（4）What is the passage mainly about?A. Placebo：Work on Your MindB. Placebo：The Most Powerful MedicineC. Placebo：The Best DoctorD. Placebo：Heal Your Body【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，安慰病人的心理使病人的情绪得到舒缓，从而有利于病情的痊愈。
(英语)高二英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)及解析
(英语)高二英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Generally speaking, government regulations normally ban anything from smoking in public places to parking in certain zones. But officials in the Brazilian town of Biritiba Mirim,70km (45miles) east of Sao Paulo, have gone far beyond that.They plan to prohibit residents from dying early because thelocal cemetery(墓地) has reached full capacity.There's no more room to bury the dead, they can't be cremated(火化) and laws forbid a new cemetery. So the mayor has proposed a strange solution: outlaw death. Mayor Roberto Pereira says the bill is meant as a protest against federal regulations that prohibit new or e某panded cemeteries in preservation areas. \have not taken local demands into consideration\he claims.A 2003 decree(法令) by Brazil's National Environment Council forbids burial grounds in protected areas. Mr. Pereira wants to build a new cemetery, but the project has been stopped because 98% of Biritiba Mirim is considered as a preservation area.Biritiba Mirim, a town of 28,000 inhabitants, not only wants to prohibit residents from passing away. The bill also calls on people to take care of their health in order to avoid death.\got a job, nor am I healthy. And now they say I can't die.That's ridiculous,%unemployed resident said.The city council is e某pected to vote on the regulation ne 某t week. \illegal, and will never be approved,\said Gilson Soares de Campos, an assistant of the mayor. \can you think of a better resolution to persuade the government to change the environmental decree that is prohibiting us from building a new cemetery?\\will be.（1）What is the bill to be proposed by the officials in Biritiba Mirim? A. Ban on building a new cemetery. B. Ban on parking in certain zones. C. Forbidding buried grounds in preservation. D. Prohibiting residents from dying early. （2）What can we infer from the phrase \ A. The officials in Biritiba Mirim have made these regulations. B. The officials in Biritiba Mirim have been to many places around the world.C. The bill to be proposed by officials in Biritiba Mirim is much too une某pected.D. The officials in Biritiba Mirim have built too many cemeteries in their town.（3）What's the attitude of the mayor of Biritiba Mirim towards the federal regulations? A. He gives strong backing to them. B. He objects to them.C. He remains silent about them.D. He asks the residentsfor advice on them. （4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the te某t?C. The government is going to change the unreasonale and laughable decree.D. No betterresolution of the problems has been thought out. 【答案】（1）D （2）C （3）B （4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，由于墓地短缺，巴西城市Biritiba Mirim的官员草拟了一份不准人过早的死去的法案，这引起了当地居民的争论。
(英语)高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
（英语）高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及分析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Thenoiseofchatteringmouthssubsided（停息）astheteacherenteredclassroom.“Goodmorningclass.IamRiffatMonaf,andIwillbeyourgeographyteac her.Riffat”Monaf,aninterestingnameandanevenmoreinterestingperson.Herintroduction tookplace aboutsixyearsago,andsincethenIhavenevermetamoreinfluentialpersoninmylife. MrsMonafnotonlyconqueredmewithhervastknowledgeofgeography,butalsowonmeoverwithhersmileandw armeyes.ItwasinherclassthatItraveledtothehighestmountainsandtothedeepestseasfromthecomfort oftheclassroom.Ilearnedaboutthevastoceans,theeruptingvolcanoes,thesnow-cappedmountainsandthegreenvalleys.Shewouldoftenrelateheradventuresabouttravelingtodifferen tpartsoftheworld. NevercanIforgetthegloryofherfacewhenshetalksabouthowtrulybeautifulthisworldis.IfIsearchbac kmylovefortheenvironmentandgeography,Ifindhertobethesourceofmyloveforpreservingnature.Ifon edayIbecameanenvironmentalist,IknowthatI'llthankherforit.Apartfromthis,shehasalwaysgreetedmewithopenarmsandshecallsherstudents“mychildren”Mrs.Mon af'smoralsandvaluesrubbedoffmedeeplyandIhavealwaystakenheradviceintoconsideration.Shehasbe enoneofthemostconsistentlygoodthingsinmylife.Currently,sheisfightingabattleagainstbreastcancer,anditpainsmetoknowthatafterallshehasdone forme;Icandonothingforherexceptpray.WheneverIseeherinschool,shestillkeepsthatkindsmileanda nexpressionsosoftthatittremblesmyheart.MrsMonafstilltalksenthusiasticallyaboutgeography,an dIknowthatIcanneverseewhatatrulygreatpersonshehasbeeninmylife..1）Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.Thewritertraveledalot.B.MrsMonafwasalearnedperson.C.Thewriterdidwellatschool.D.MrsMonafenjoyedtellingstories.（2）Theunderlinedword “rubbedoff”means.A.movedB.shockedC.influencedD.defeated3）Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Mrs.Monafwasanoptimisticperson.B.BreastcancermadeMrs.Monafupset.C.Anothergreatpersonmayappearinmylife.D.PrayingforMrs.Monafmadethewritertremble.4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.MyInterestingSchoolLifeB.TheTeacher-studentFriendshipC.AnInfluentialPersoninMyLifeD.BraveFightAgainstBreastCancer【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）C【分析】【剖析】本文是一篇记述文，作者叙述了生命中有影响力的人。
(英语)高二英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析.docx
（英语）高二英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Just a few years out of law school, I decided that I wanted to write fictions. The only thing I had ever published before was a law-review article. I had made great efforts to write when I camehome at night after work, but I was too tired. I decided to quit my job.I began my new life on a February morning. I sat down at my kitchen table at 7:30 am andmade a resolution. Every day I would write until lunchtime. Then I would lie down on the floorfor 20 minutes to rest my mind. After that, I would return to work for a few more hours.In my first year, I sold two stories. Then I wrote a novel, but I thought it wasn't good enough, soI ended up putting it in a drawer. My second novel, Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk, waspublished to glowing reviews and received the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction.My success sounds like a familiar story, but actually it was far from sudden. I quit my job, and for every story I published in those years, I had at least 30 rejections. The novel that I put awayin the drawer took my four years. My breakthrough came in 2006, 18 years after I first sat downto write at my kitchen table.Sometimes genius (天才 ) is just the thing that comes out after 20 years of working at your kitchen. Also, doing something truly creative requires the energy of youth. Orson Welles made hismasterpiece, Citizen Kan, at 25. T. S. Eliot wrote The Love Song of J. Afred Prufrock at 23.（1） When did the author decide to devote himself to writing fictions?A. When he was tired from his work.B. Straight after graduation from law school.C. On being informed his law-review article came out.D. When his hobby was disturbed byhis work.（2） We can infer from the second paragraph that the author.A. led a wealthy lifeB. arranged his life reasonablyC. was too diligent to relax himselfD. remained single（3） What does the author mainly intend to tell us in this passage?A. Failure is the mother of success.B. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.C. It is never too old to learn.D. It is the first step that costs troublesome.（4） Why did the author give the example of Orson Welles and T. S. Eliot?A. To make a comparison between them and himself.B. To show creativity needs energy andefforts.C. To persuade the readers of their great talents.D. To recommend their two masterpieces.【答案】（1） D（2） B（3） A（4） B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过讲述自己成功的经历，进一步证实了“失败是成功之母”的道理。
高二英语阅读理解专项训练100(附)含解析
高二英语阅读理解专项训练100(附)含解析高二英语阅读理解专项训练100( 附答案 ) 含分析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Dogs were living as companions to the early settlers of North America over 10,000 years ago. The oldest domestic dogs in the Americas were thought to be around 9500 years old. Angela Perri of Durham University, UK, and her colleagues have carried out fresh radiocarbon dating on thetwo dog skeletons that gave this date, discovered in the prehistoric Koster site in Illinois, and found they were even older: around 10,100 years old.A third dog from another Illinois site called Stilwell II was older still, at 10,190 years old. That makes it the oldest known domesticated dog in the Americas. The team concluded that all three dogs were domesticated as they skeletons were complete and unskinned, and so hadn't been butchered for food. They had also been carefully buried, evidence they were valued by their owners. The Stilwell II dog, which probably resembled a small English settler, was under what seemed to be the floor of a living area. It is unclear why it took so long for tame dogs to arrive in the Americas, given that they were domesticated at least 14,000 years ago in Eurasia. By this time, people were already moving into North America from Siberia; there is evidence some reached Chile 18,500 years ago. Geneticists have found signs of at least three waves of migration over the following millennia. There is no evidence that domestic dogs accompanied them. “ Wedon't know if dogs were part of the first waves of immigration to the Americas" says Luc Janssens of Ghent University in Belgium. "It could be so, but no archaeological bones have yet been found." It is "overwhelmingly probable" that some of the early settlers did bring dogs to the Americas, but they may not have had "the time or the spiritual compulsion to bury them", says Pat Shipman of Pennsylvania State University.（1） How old is the oldest known domestic dog in the Americas7A. About 9500 years.B. About 10,100 years.C. 10,190 years.D. 18,500 years.（2） The underlined word "butchered" in the fourth paragraph could be replaced by.A. killedB. boughtC. trainedD. raised（3） What is the attitude towards when tame dogs arrived in the Americas in the last three paragraphs?A. Undoubted.B. Unsure.（4） What is the main topic of this passage? A. The earliest domestic dog in the Americas. C. How dogs were domesticated in the Americas. Americas.【答案】（1） C（2） A（3） B（4） AC. Indifferent.D. Unconfident.B. The first dog arriving in the Americas.D. When the oldest dog was found in the【分析】【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大体一万年从前就在北美成为人类伙伴的狗的种类。
【英语】 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)含解析
【英语】高考英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle. Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem. Over the past 10 years, developments in technology have moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality. Now, two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available soon.The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a prototype (原型) of its flying bicycle. Grant Stapleton, marketing sales director of Malloy Aeronautics, says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly. It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed, he adds.Mr. Stapleton says safety was the company's main concern. He says the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors ( 交叠式旋翼 )to power the vehicle.The company is testing a full-size prototype of the Hoverbike, which will most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams.In New Zealand, the Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a full-size prototype of its personal flying device, called the Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30 minutes, up to 1,000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour.Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company. He said the Jetpack “is built around safety from the start. In his words, reliability is the most important element of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car.”The Jetpack uses a gasoline-powered engine that produces two powerful jet streams. Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute (降落伞) that can be used should there be an emergency. “It starts to work at very low altitude and actual ly saves both the aircraft and the pilot,” he adds. Mr. Coker says the Jetpack will be ready for sale soon.（1）We can learn from the passage that the Hoverbike .A. can hardly get in and out of small spaces quicklyB. can fly for over 30 minutes, up to 1,000 meters highC. has been used by the police and emergency rescue teamsD. can be transported quickly after being folded and packed（2）The writer uses the example of For One racing car to show that .A. the Jetpack is very safe and reliableB. the engine of the Jetpack is powerfulC. the actual structure of the Jetpack is uniqueD. the Jetpack can reach a great speed and height（3）The underlined word “it” in the last paragr aph refers to.A. the jet streamB. the engineC. the JetpackD. the parachute （4）What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage?A. To describe the problems of inventing flying vehicles.B. To introduce the latest development of flying vehicles.C. To show the differences between two flying vehicles.D. To advertise the two personalflying vehicles.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述一种个人飞行工具很快就会应用于现实。
高考英语阅读理解(人生百味)专项训练及答案含解析
高考英语阅读理解(人生百味)专项训练及答案含解析一、高中英语阅读理解人生百味类1．阅读理解Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and stroke. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile!Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart. "When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive." He says smiling is the first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New Age advice. Several studies support his opinion.When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (荷尔蒙) including adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline increases your heart rate and blood pressure. Cortisol is the body's main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response. However, when we are stressed for a long period, these stress hormones are ever-present in our bodies. And that, medical researchers warn, may lead to health problems.Researchers say the connection between stress and heart disease is still unclear. However, they claim that when people are stressed for long periods of time, they may have an unhealthy lifestyle, which can lead to health problems.Dr. Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 times an hour. To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish ... smiling for seemingly no reason. But a smile does not involve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side effects."Once people smile, they are relaxing. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health." And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone's heart health.（1）Which of the following agrees with Dr. Chockalingam's opinion?A.Smile has the same effects as laughter.B.Smile can be used to take the place of medicine.C.Smile is better than any healthy lifestyle to health.D.Smile can make our body produce beneficial chemicals.（2）What can we know about the mentioned stress hormones?A.They can lower our blood pressure.B.They will surely lead to heart diseases.C.They can benefit us when we are in danger.D.They will make us live an unhealthy lifestyle.（3）Why does Dr. Chockalingam think smiling is helpful to our health?A.It can make us relax.B.It increases sugar levels.C.It has little bad side effects.D.It can happen for no reason.（4）What can be the best title for the text?A.A Thorough Analysis of the Causes of Heart DiseasesB.One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your HeartC.One Thing That Is Closely Connected with Stress HormonesD.The Clear Connection Between Unhealthy Lifestyles and Heart Diseases【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，哥伦比亚的心脏病专家Chockalingam博士建议多保持微笑，他认为微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。
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阅读理解(一)考情分析阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。
该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。
考生应能：(1) 理解主旨要义。
(2) 理解文中具体信息。
(3) 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义。
(4) 根据所读内容做出判断和推理。
(5) 理解文章的基本结构。
(6) 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
考查形式：第一节：共15小题，每小题2分。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇短文内容(不少于900词)，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。
一、命题1. 题材非常广泛：包括日常生活、学校生活、人际关系、兴趣爱好、个人经历、实验报告、饮食健康、语言文化、社会现象、环境保护、旅游交通、服务指引等。
2. 短文体裁多样：文体包括信息类、记叙文、报道类(社会现象或社会热点)、说明文(特别是最新研究或调查发现等科普类说明文)、议论文等。
3. 长度比较稳定：一般说来，四篇阅读文章的长度，全国Ⅰ卷1100～1200词；Ⅱ卷和Ⅲ卷1000～1200词。
4.命题依照顺序：命题人一般会根据文中信息出现的先后命题。
因此，一篇文章的3~4个小题，其答案信息点会在文中依次出现。
5. 考点分布均匀：所测试的信息点在文中的分布大致均匀。
假如短文是四个自然段，可能会一段一题。
6. 细节决定成败：细节题占的比例最大，一般有7~10题；其次是推理判断题，考4~7题；词义推断题考1~2题；主旨大意题1~2题。
准确理解细节不但有助于提高细节题的得分率，而且也是做好推理判断题的前提，因此，细节决定成败！7. 答案分布均等：A、B、C、D四个选项为正确答案的次数一般是均等或大致均等。
合理运用这一规律，考生在高考中可提升2～3分。
(四)解题方略和步骤（灵活运用以下三种有效的阅读方法,可以大大提高阅读速度和解题速度。
）1. 略读(skimming)——了解文章大意以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的标题、首尾段、每段的首尾句,以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however，but，therefore等)后的内容等重要部分，以了解文章的主旨大意或段落大意。
2. 查读(scanning) ——寻找所需信息也叫寻读，就是带着问题，特别是带着一两个特征词(如专有名词、缩写、数字等)，寻找到我们所需要的信息在文中的位置，进行信息定位。
3. 研读(study reading)——理解深层含义通过略读了解文章主旨和通过查读找到相关信息之后，在相关范围内逐句、逐词地阅读，不仅要理解其字面意思，而且要结合语境，通过分析、比较、综合、联想等方法，并结合自己已有的知识和经验进行推理、判断，来理解文章的深层含义，以及作者的立场、观点、态度和意图等。
二、解题步骤解题步骤或顺序，有人先文后题，有人先题后文，因人而异，无优劣之分，应根据你的习惯来决定。
我们推荐以下步骤：1. 抓大意：用略读法了解文章及各段的大意，便于快速信息定位。
2. 读题干：了解题目问什么，并在题干中找出便于定位的特征词。
3. 定位信息：带着问题和特征词，用查读法到文中找到相关句段。
特别提醒：了解命题的顺序性和考点分布的均匀性原则，对迅速定位信息非常有用！4. 研读：理解所找到的相关句段，有的还要根据背景常识进行简单的推理或判断，对比各选项，做出选择。
5. 综合：考虑各题所选选项，看是否切合全文主旨。
注：分析长难句像“I am a student.”和“I love you.”这样的主系表和主谓宾结构的句子，几乎跟汉语一样，是非常容易理解的。
一个句子之所以长，长得难于理解，是因为增加了修饰语的缘故。
再长再难的句子，如果去掉修饰语，也会像“I am a student.”和“I love you.”一样简单。
修饰语有哪些呢？有作定语的形容词、作状语的副词，还有介词短语、非谓语动词短语和从句。
形容词和副词是一个词，相对较短，而介词短语、非谓语动词和从句相对较长，因此，有人称之为“三长两短”。
词短语、非谓语动词短语和从句。
形容词和副词是一个词，相对较短，而介词短语、非谓语动词和从句相对较长，因此，有人称之为“三长两短”。
一、分析长难句的基本方法是分清“三长两短”，将三长两短用括号括起来，找到句子主干(主谓语或主系表)，即删除枝节，提取主干[例1] (2018年全国Ⅱ卷▪C篇) According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) whosay they ‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”［分析］本句长达44个词。
将三长两短用括号括起来就是：(According to the report’s key findings,) “the proportion (比例) [who say (they ‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’ read for fun)] has gone [from 8percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds (in 1984) to 22 percent and 27 percent] (respectively) (today).”主干是：the proportion (比例) has gone. 。
句中，who引导定语从句修饰先行词the proportion；而在这个定语从句中，they ‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’ read fo r fun是省略了that的宾语从句，作say的宾语。
［句意］根据报告的主要研究结果，“那些说他们从来或者几乎不以读书为乐趣的人的比例从1984年13岁占比8%和17岁占比9%分别上升到了现在的22%和27%。
”。
二、另外，由and, or, not only...but also等连接的并列成分或平行结构，也会使句子变长。
因此，不但要弄清“三长两短”，还要知道“一并列”，即“三长两短一并列”。
[例2] (2018年全国Ⅱ卷▪D篇)We’ve all been there: (in a lift), (in line at the bank) or (on an airplane), {surrounded by people [who are, (like us), (deeply) focused on their smartphones or, (worse), strugglingwith the uncomfortable silence]}.［分析］本句为复合句。
主干是We’ve all been there，冒号后的三个并列介词短语用来解释说明there的具体内容；surrounded by people...为过去分词短语作伴随状语，在这个过去分词短语中又含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰people，like us在从句中作插入语，or连接focused…和struggling…两个并列结构。
［句意］我们都曾处于这样的环境中：在电梯里、在银行排队时或在飞机上，我们周围的人，像我们一样，专注于他们的智能手机，甚或苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默之中。
[例3] (2018年全国Ⅱ卷▪D篇) (Dismissing small talk as unimportant) is easy, but we can’t forget [that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist (if it weren’t for casual conversation)].［分析］本句虽然不长，却很复杂。
全句是由but连接的两个并列分句，前一个并列句中Dismissing small talk ...为动名词短语作主语；后一个并列句中that引导一个宾语从句，而这个宾语从句中还包含了一个if 引导的条件状语从句，且该条件状语从句使用了虚拟语气。
［句意］把闲聊看成无关紧要的事很容易，但我们不能忘记，如果没有闲聊，就根本不存在深厚的人际关系。
(五)考点解析一、理解主旨要义最近三年，三套全国卷中的每一套都有1～2题考查主旨要义，且每套题都有一道题要求考生给短文选择一个恰当的标题。
这类题包括段落大意、短文大意和短文标题三类。
其中大意类的题干中常含main idea或mainly about，标题类含title。
如：1. 大意类：What is the main idea of paragraph 1? (2012年全国课标卷)What is the first paragraph mainly about? (2017年全国Ⅱ卷)What is the main idea of the text? (2018年全国Ⅰ卷)What is the text mainly about? ( 2018年全国Ⅲ卷)2. 标题类：What is /can be /might be the best title for the text? (2018年全国Ⅱ卷)Which of the following can /might be the best title for the text? (2017年全国Ⅰ卷)What can be a suitable title for the text? (2018年Ⅰ卷；2018年全国Ⅲ卷)解答主旨要义题的主要方法是寻找主题句。
寻找主题句的方法是略读法，即快速浏览首尾段、每段的首尾句，以及表达句段关系的连接性词语，特别是but, however, though (adv.然而), in fact, therefore等。
有时，没有体现段落或文章主旨的主题句，我们就要根据文章所述内容进行归纳和概括。
寻找主题句的6个微技能：(1)Now（如今）…暗示本文即将要讲的事很有可能与以往不同。
(2)表转折的词。
段落中出现but, however, actually, while, in fact, on the contrary, in contrast等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正要表达的观点。
(3)表总结的词。
如therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词后内容也可能是主题。