2019年上海市金山区高考英语一模试卷
2019年上海市金山区高考英语一模试卷Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A．200．B．300．C．400．D．600．2．（1分）A．At a bus stop．B．At home．C．At the airport．D．At a supermarket．3．（1分）A．Manager and employee．B．Teacher and student．C．Husband and wife．D．Brother and sister．4．（1分）A．He went to a picture show．B．He painted some pictures．C．He watched a football match on TV．D．He went out to play football．5．（1分）A．The mouse．B．The price．C．The monitor．D．The keyboard．6．（1分）A．The man shouldn't be so anxious．B．She's already an hour late．C．The man shouldn't wait to be interviewed．D．She's too nervous to calm down．7．（1分）A．It is his favorite book．B．It is not worth reading．C．It is not the one he likes．D．It is better than he expected．8．（1分）A．Business is not necessarily good at the turn of the year．B．Business is always good at the end of the year．C．Businessmen are the busiest people at the end of the year．D．There will be many cases at the end of the year．9．（1分）A．She didn't like it at all．B．She thought it was very easy．C．She thought it was too hard for her to follow．D．She thought the instructor was very good．10．（1分）A．They will make a phone call to Dr．Smith tomorrow．B．They can put down the clock because it is always slow．C．Dr．Smith was late for the call．D．They can call on Dr．Smith tomorrow．Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.11．（4.5分）（1）A．The impact of painful memories．B．New research on a pill and the argument about it．C．A way of wiping out painful memories．D．A proper method for changing memories．（2）A．It can cause the brain to fix memories．B．It can stop people remembering bad experiences．C．It can prevent the body producing certain chemicals．D．It can wipe out the emotional effects of memories．（3）A．Experts are not sure about the effects of the pill．B．The pill will certainly stop people's emotional memories．C．Taking the pill will do harm to people's physical health．D．The pill has already been produced and used by the American public．12．（4.5分）（1）A．Wearing high heels can improve women's balance．B．Wearing high heels exposes women to strains．C．Wearing high heels can result in back pain．D．Wearing high heels can lead to unhealthy walking patterns．（2）A．They should choose proper heels．B．They should exercise their ankle muscles properly．C．They should measure the strength of their ankles frequently．D．They should give up the habit of wearing high heels．（3）A．Because they thought it was fashionable．B．Because it was a symbol of status．C．Because it could help them to shoot their bow and arrow more effectively．D．Because it was required by European emperors．13．（6分）（1）A．Believing in themselves．B．Writing a book．C．Challenging their life．D．Asking for help．（2）A．She makes children's programs．B．She gets involved in legal decisions．C．She simplifies a judge's job．D．She explains the function of the law in simple words．（3）A．Sharing things with others．B．Solving problems．C．Talking with others．D．Having her opinions heard．（4）A． A judge's reflection on her job and life．B．The success of a children's program．C．The importance of law in daily life．D．The problems people meet in court．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）However depressed you may be feeling now，if you look back，there certainly will have been events that made you happy﹣maybe the time （1）you bought your first bicycle or you were awarded a scholarship．When good things happen，we feel excited，proud and happy．But the problem is，happiness doesn't usually last．The excitement of that first bicycle purchase wears off，and the pride in the scholarship gives way to the stress of performing （2）（well）on the next exam．Psychologists call this phenomenon hedonic adaptation （享乐适应症）﹣that is，（3）good something makes us feel，most of the time we drift back to （4）we started．An often （5）（quote）example is that lottery winners are no happier than non﹣winners eighteen months after their win．But don't despair．It is possible to make happiness last．Psychologists have found two anti﹣adaptation tools that are effective in sustaining happiness：variety and appreciation．Variety is，as we all know，the spice of life．But it's also a useful weapon （6）adaptation．Positive changes that （7）（experience）in a variety of ways are more likely to lead to lasting happiness．For example，you will feel happier about your volunteer work （8）you are able to cope with new tasks every week．The second tool，appreciation，is in many ways the opposite of adaptation．It's about focusing on something，instead of letting it fade into the background．It is only when you appreciate something （9）an enduring feeling of happiness will follow．Human beings spend a lot of time figuring out what makes them happy，but not enough time （10）（try）to hang on to the happiness they already have．This is like focusing all your energy on making more money，without giving any thought to what you will do with the money．The key to happiness is to not only look for new opportunities but also to makethe most of the ones you've been given．Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．（10分）Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath （精神变态者）？Ask them what their favourite song is．A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem's Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber's What Do You Mean？were more likely to （1）highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits．Over the past few years，Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic （2）in an attempt to help marketers （3）consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they're in．They infer this from the sort of music you're listening to，（4）with where and when you're listening to it，along with third﹣party data that might be available．Now，to be clear，there's nothing particularly （5）about what Spotify is doing with your data．I certainly don't think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you're listening to the songs that （6）you might be in a casually racist mood．Nevertheless，I find it （7）that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers．You can see where this could go，can't you？As ad targeting gets ever more complicated，marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in （8）exploitative ways．According to one study，titled Misery Is Not Miserly，you are more likely to spend more on a （9）if you're feeling sad．You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that．And on that note，I'm feeling a little down about all this．I'll （10）off to treat myself to something expensive．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word orphrase that best fits the context.16．（15分）The constant working engine that drives the majority of human action is，undoubtedly，the fragrant dream of individualism．And while the presence of its scent is （1）throughout the world entirely，its value is worshipped （敬奉）to such an extent in a land no other than that of America．As the framework of its history，America holds individuality as the ever﹣popular green light，the essence of which becomes the symbol of hope for，well，almost everything．In fact，in America's current social status，individuality has become something of a birthright，and a （2）applied upon the face of the media，where it was （3）valued as the American dream．There is no denying the popularity of this idol in American society，and little hope for （4）it．However，（5）most pride themselves in their individualistic state，perhaps humans，when stripped （剥）to their core （核心），are everything but．It is no new discovery that people are the sum of their experiences．The overwhelming majority of human experiences involve other humans，along with the （6）and relationships between them．It is a （7）occurrence when a life is built upon events without this stimulus．Indeed，interaction is the core of experience．Therefore，in order that humans are the sum of their experiences，they must be the sum of the people that they meet，just as well．As an Americanized teen，I found the discovery that not only my self﹣entitled individualism was （8），but that I，as a being，was a product，increasingly unsettling to accept．Questions （9）me such as "If I am bits and pieces of everyoneI have met ﹣my family，my teachers，all of my friends，and even strangers ﹣then whatis left that is just me？What part of me is just me？How much of myself is the combining of different parts of different people？Is such a （10）between myself and others even possible？"Such are inquiries that will continue to be thought about，as I have come to accept that they will remain a （11）．Therefore，with the allowance of these questions，the response must be a （12）in the definition of "oneself"．The previously mentioned questions no longer concern me，as I have put a stop to the idea that the "real" me is some lostisolated island on top of an ocean of influence．I realized that my personality cannot depend on a（n）（13）between influenceand individualism，as such is a line that cannot be distinct．（14），I must be a person whose calmness is a beautifully hazy mixture，and a steady question．Thus，it is the commonly unnoticed durable mystery that is the frustration of those who can （15）the lie of individualism．Hopefully，they will come into acceptance．（1）A．unpredictable B．untrustworthy C．unreliable D．undeniable （2）A．necessity B．characteristic C．mark D．model（3）A．later B．previously C．extremely D．publicly（4）A．destroying B．appreciating C．chasing D．escaping（5）A．though B．if C．since D．as（6）A．conflict B．tension C．interaction D．cooperation （7）A．common B．rare C．frequent D．strange（8）A．right B．justified C．unclear D．false（9）A．affected B．interrupted C．bothered D．surprised（10）A．separation B．combination C．contrast D．communication （11）A．secret B．mystery C．truth D．fantasy（12）A．gap B．belief C．factor D．change（13）A．distinction B．connection C．exchange D．medium（14）A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Furthermore （15）A．break up B．make up C．cope with D．see through Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）Charity Cycling UK recently launched a campaign to raise awareness of dooring after discovering that many people don't know what it is．Dooring is when a driver orpassenger opens the door into another road user﹣typically cyclist﹣without looking for other road users．Cycling UK chief executive Paul Tuohy told Gloucestershire Live："Some people seem to see car dooring as a bit of a joke，but it's not and can have serious consequences．Cycling UK wants to see great awareness made about the dangers of opening your car door carelessly，and people to be encouraged to look before they open．"The charity says 2，009 of the 3，000 injuries were sustained by cyclists，resulting in five fatalities but says this might not be the full extent of the danger．Cycling UK says not all car dooring incidents will be attended by police，so the charity has written to transport minister Jesse Norman calling for a public awareness campaign urging all car occupants，not just drivers，to look before opening vehicle doors．One of the ways the charity suggests is the "Dutch reach"，where people leaving a vehicle reach over and use the non﹣door side hand to open the door．Cycling UK also suggests harsher laws and advice on safer road positioning for people who cycle．Mr．Tuohy said："In the Netherlands they are known for practicing a method，known sometimes as the ‘Dutch reach'，which we think could be successfully encouraged in the UK．""Cycling UK has written to the Department for Transport asking them to look into this，and highlight the dangers of ‘car dooring' through a public awareness THINK style campaign．"If you're really concerned about opening a door into the path of a cyclist coming behind you，consider using what's known as the "Dutch reach" to open the door．That will naturally turn you in your seat and give you a much better view of what's coming up alongside in the car．（1）Why does the author mention the figures in Paragraph 3？A．To cause public concern．B．To report the terrible accidents．C．To show the danger of car dooring．D．To stress the importance of traffic safety．（2）While doing the "Dutch reach"，you should．A．sit still in your seatB．open the car door politelyC．use the inside hand to open the doorD．use the left hand to open the car door（3）What can be learned from the text？A．Many people are ignorant of car dooring．B．The "Dutch reach" is well received in England．C．Dooring incidents are all attended by police．D．Drivers are to blame for dooring incidents．（4）What's the author's attitude towards car dooring？A．Negative．B．Ridiculous．C．Neutral．D．Concerned18．（6分）Confucius InstituteThe Confucius Institute at the University of Minnesota offers several short classes on Chinese language and culture．★Class FeesThe cost of classes is 225（170 for Chinese Rehab）★Class CalendarThe Confucius Institute follows the University of Minnesota semester schedule．The Confucius Institute classes start a few weeks after the start of the University semester and last for ten class sessions．Classes are not held on University holidays．The upcoming class sessions will be：Spring 2018：February 1﹣April 7Summer 2018：June 13﹣August 25Tentative class calendar：The schedule may change due to teacher availability．★Class CancellationsAny class not meeting minimum enrollment by four business days before the class start date will be cancelled and you will be contacted．If we must cancel a class due to insufficient enrollment or any other circumstance beyond our control，we will offer a full refund or issue credit towards another class．★Contact InformationThe Confucius Institute is located within the University International Center on the east bank of the Twin Cities campus．The University International Center is located in the Keeler Apartment building．Enter at the corner of 17th Avenue S．E．and 4th Street through the doors located near the "University International Center" sign．Office hoursThe office is generally open Monday through Friday，from 8：00 a．m．until 4：30 p．m．The office is closed daily from12：00 noon until 1：00 p．m．and is closed on all University holidays．Office Address160 University International Center，331﹣17th Ave．S．E．，Minneapolis，MN 55414 Phone：612625﹣5080Fax：612﹣625﹣5158Email：confucius（@ umn．edu（1）Chinese Rehab．A．costs more moneyB．is held on MondayC．lasts one and a half hoursD．has four classes a week（2）To get information about the classes，you can visit the office．A．on Monday noonB．at 12：30 a．m．，TuesdayC．on Wednesday eveningD．at 1：30 p．m．，Friday（3）What is True about the classes？A．The schedule may be changeable．B．They can be one﹣to﹣one instruction．C．They are held on University holidays．D．They start at the beginning of the University semester．19．（8分）Parallel worlds exist and interact with our world，say physicists．Quantum mechanics （量子力学），though firmly tested，is so weird and anti﹣intuitivethat physicist Richard Feynman once remarked，"I think I can safely say nobody understands quantum mechanics．" Attempts to explain some of the bizarre （奇异的）consequences of quantum theory have led to some mind﹣bending ideas，such as the Copenhagen interpretation and the many﹣worlds interpretation．Now there's a new theory on the block，called the "many interacting worlds" hypothesis （假设）（MIW），and the idea is just as profound as it sounds．The theory suggests not only parallel worlds exist，but that they interact with our world on the quantum level and are thus detectable．Though still speculative （推测的），the theory may help to finally explain some of the bizarre consequences inherent in quantum mechanics．The theory is a spinoff of the many﹣worlds interpretation in quantum mechanics﹣an assumption that all possible alternative histories and futures are real，each representing an actual，though parallel，world．One problem with the many﹣worlds interpretation，however，has been that it is fundamentally untestable，since observations can only be made in our world．Happenings in these proposed "parallel" worlds can thus only be imagined．MIW，however，says otherwise．It suggests that parallel worlds can interact on the quantum level，and in fact that they do．"The idea of parallel universes in quantum mechanics has been around since 1957，" explained Howard Wiseman，a physicist at Griffith University in Brisbane，Australia，and one of the physicists to come up with MIW．"In the well﹣known ‘Many﹣Worlds Interpretation'，each universe branches into a bunch of new universes every time a quantum measurement is made．All possibilities are therefore realized ﹣in some universes the dinosaur﹣killing asteroid （小行星）missed Earth．In others，Australia was colonized by the Portuguese．""But critics question the reality of these other universes，since they do not influence our universe at all，" he added．"On this score，our ‘Many Interacting Worlds' approach is completely different，as its name implies．"Wiseman and colleagues have proposed that there exists "a universal force of repulsion between ‘nearby'（i．e．similar）worlds，which tends to make them more dissimilar．" Quantum effects can be explained by factoring in this force，they propose．When asked about whether their theory might imply that humans could someday interactwith other worlds，Wiseman said："It's not part of our theory．But the idea of human interactions with other universes is no longer pure fantasy．"What might your life look like if you made different choices？Maybe one day you'll be able to look into one of these alternative worlds and find out．（1）According to Paragraph 1﹣2，which of the following statements is true about quantum mechanics？A．It's been tested that no one in the world knows what quantum mechanics is．B．The theory of quantum mechanics is intuition（直觉）based．C．Quantum theories should be interpreted in many different ways．D．Quantum mechanics is valid and based on profound research．（2）According to paragraph 3﹣5，the new theory "MIW" differs from the previous one in that．A．MIW develops from quantum mechanicsB．MIW suggests the interaction can be detectedC．The previous one is based on profound foundationD．The previous one proves that MIW is imagined（3）According to the passage，critics of parallel universes and its supporters mainly disagrees in．A．the origin of these parallel universesB．the foundation of these universesC．the reality of these other universesD．the ways of how these parallel universes interact（4）The last sentence of the last paragraph implies that．A．someday humans may live in different universes in one lifetimeB．humans may make different choices simultaneously （同时地）and live in different universesC．humans may live again from the beginning if they regret their life in this universeD．life would be more unexpected，but all you expect may be true in other universes Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentencegiven in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．（8分）Shanghai Hengyuanxiang Drama Development Company and Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer （《犹太人在上海》）become the first Chinese musical to have an open﹣ended run on Broadway in 2019．（1）Directed by Xu Jun，Shimmer is a musical in both English and Chinese．Shimmer，which tells a story about Jews who fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution （迫害）during World War II，was first shown at the Shanghai Culture Square in 2015．（2）The musical's scheduled open﹣ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States．With this play being shown on Broadway，the ties between Chinese people and Americans will be firmly strengthened．And through this drama，the audience can feel the charm of Chinese culture．（3）To deal with the problem，many production companies in Shanghai have pointed out that they should keep striving for improvement by creating more Chinese musicals and by creating more audiences．Currently，those who watch Western musicals in China are limited to a small group ﹣people who have received a university education or have had overseas working experiences，white﹣collar and even gold﹣collar workers．There are onlya handful of people who understand foreign languages and you have to find a way to motivatethe public and get them into the theater．（4）There has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai．The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia，both of which had hundreds of shows across China，are among the top box office hits．Summary Writing21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．Gossip"Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday？" Lindsey whispers to Tori．With her eyes shining，Tori brags，"You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago．"Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me．Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip．An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about．Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic﹣breakups，trouble at home﹣thata person would rather keep secret．The more embarrassing the secret is，the juicier the gossipit makes．Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie．People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain．If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us．Sharing the latest rumor can makea person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't．Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the "in group"．In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority．Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act．Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group．For instance，if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention．The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook．The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation．The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your "juicy story"might have．TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）新来的员工经验不足，在解决顾客投诉时遇到了麻烦．（have trouble）23．（3分）医生向病人保证，只要他按时服药就没有大碍．（assure）24．（4分）尽管日程安排很紧，他还是报名参加了他同事推荐的那个课程．（despite）25．（5分）直到妻子与他离了婚，他才意识到他应该多抽一些时间陪伴家人，而不是一心只有工作．（until）Guided Writing26．（20分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．目前中国的移动支付（mobile payment）非常盛行，越来越多的年轻人选择使用移动支付，有的人认为移动支付给人们带来了便利，而有些人认为这种方式存在安全隐患．请你谈谈对这一现象的看法．内容包括：1．简要描述你或你身边的人在日常生活中使用移动支付的现象．2．通过与传统方式的比较，谈谈移动支付给人们带来的利与弊．（参考词汇：微信Wechat；支付宝：Alipay；二维码QR code）2019年上海市金山区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A．200．B．300．C．400．D．600．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略2．（1分）A．At a bus stop．B．At home．C．At the airport．D．At a supermarket．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略3．（1分）A．Manager and employee．B．Teacher and student．C．Husband and wife．D．Brother and sister．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略4．（1分）A．He went to a picture show．B．He painted some pictures．C．He watched a football match on TV．D．He went out to play football．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略5．（1分）A．The mouse．B．The price．C．The monitor．D．The keyboard．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略6．（1分）A．The man shouldn't be so anxious．B．She's already an hour late．C．The man shouldn't wait to be interviewed．D．She's too nervous to calm down．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】D【点评】略7．（1分）A．It is his favorite book．B．It is not worth reading．C．It is not the one he likes．D．It is better than he expected．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略8．（1分）A．Business is not necessarily good at the turn of the year．B．Business is always good at the end of the year．C．Businessmen are the busiest people at the end of the year．D．There will be many cases at the end of the year．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略9．（1分）A．She didn't like it at all．B．She thought it was very easy．C．She thought it was too hard for her to follow．D．She thought the instructor was very good．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略10．（1分）A．They will make a phone call to Dr．Smith tomorrow．B．They can put down the clock because it is always slow．C．Dr．Smith was late for the call．D．They can call on Dr．Smith tomorrow．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer。
2019-2020学年上海市金山中学高三英语第一次联考试题及答案
2019-2020学年上海市金山中学高三英语第一次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe history ofpop art begins with abstract art. Pop art emerged from the foundation of abstract art in the 1950s, first gaining recognition in Great Britain, then establishing itself in the United States in the 1960s.In the 1930s and 1940s, abstract art was greatly popular, but people began to hate this art form. Most abstract art produced in this era could be found in art galleries or the homes of the elite(名流), not in the homes of everyday people. Pop art sprung onto the scene as the people's art.Some art critics say pop art is a rebellion against abstract art; others say it is an extension of abstract art. You can see elements of abstract art in many pop art prints, especially those that consist of a collage（拼贴画）of images. However, some pop art pieces have nothing to do with abstract art, looking more like a photo of a popular consumer item, which impressed people deeply.Richard Hamilton and Eduardo Paolozzi were two of the first contemporary pop art pioneers recognised in Great Britain. They were a part of the Independent Group, an organised group of British artists who wanted to challenge ruling modernist approaches to culture. They recognised the value of modern advertising and comic book images. They used these popular images in art as a social commentary, often building irony and humour into their artworks, thus creating a new form of art. These pieces were mass-produced and sold at affordable prices.When pop art took off in the United States, it expanded to include a celebration of kitsch and the common images found in movies and television. Andy Wharhol is perhaps the most famous American pop art artist, known for his prints of the actress Marilyn Monroe, the singer Elvis Presley and of Campbell's soup cans. Andy Wharhol was inspired by images from advertisements and common consumer items. He also made a series of paintings which showed images of car accidents.1. Why did people dislike abstract art?A. People found it hard to understand.B. Ordinary people couldn't afford it.C. People disliked enjoying it in galleries.D. It wasn't based on everyday life.2. What impression do pop art works leave on people?A. They are a rebellion against abstract art.B. They have many elements of abstract art.C. They are created so real.D. They are products of advertisers.3. The Independent Group was set up to ________.A. introduce a new art form to the worldB. develop modern advertising furtherC. create new comic book imagesD. make British culture better knownBYou’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part ofVon Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明）a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒）from a truck all atonce.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.4. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Introducing eco-friendly products.C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage on the beach.5. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.B. To explain why they are useful.C. To voice his views on modern art.D. To find a substitute for them.6. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?A. Calming.B. Disturbing.C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic SafetyB. Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC. Responsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesD. Ocean Plastics Transformed into SculpturesCMany of us in China enjoy adding chilies (辣椒) toour food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-oldUSman recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper—the spiciest chili in the world. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following few days, reported BBC News.In fact, reports of stomachache and headache caused by eating spicy food are not something unusual. But if chilies are harmful, why is it that human beings are the only animals to eat this vegetable? According to the website Huanqiu, about 600 million Chinese people—almost half of the national population—are chili eaters. So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body reacts to the burning feeling that comes from eating chilies by releasing natural chemicals that “produce a sense of happiness” , noted BBC News.And the benefits go even further than just personal enjoyment. A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The number decreased to 14 percent for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. And another study done by theUniversityofVermontcame to a similar conclusion. “The data encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and reduce death risk at an early age,” Liu Qi, a nutritionist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told BBC News.Chilies have anti-cancer quality and the ability to increase our metabolism (新陈代谢). So, don't worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us—except for the Carolina Reaper, perhaps.8. The example of a 34-year-old American is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to prove ________.A. chiliescan be beneficialB. chilies are popular inAmericaC. chilies can be dangerousD. serious headaches can be dangerous9. Eating chilies gives people a sense of happiness by_______.A. decreasing death rateB. releasing natural chemicalsC. curing serious headachesD. providing enough nutrition10. Which of the following statement is TRUE?A. Human are the only animals to eat chilies.B. Stomachache and headaches caused by chilies is something unusual.C. The more chilies you eat, the healthier you are.D. Chilies have anti-cancer quality but it can't increase our metabolism.11. The writer wrote the passage to ________.A. warn people of the dangers of chiliesB. ask people to eat Carolina ReaperC. encourage people to eat more chiliesD. tell people the benefits of chiliesDAbout a billion birds die from flying into buildings each year inNorth America. Suspicions havebeen that birds may regard the open areas behind glass as safe passageways. Or they may mistake the reflected trees for the real thing.Researchers would like to reduce collisions, which requires a solid understanding about what makes a bird more or less likely to die by crashing into a building in the first place.“There was ly little known at a broad scale. Previous studies were at one small study site.'' Jared Elmore, a graduate student in natural resource ecology and management atOklahomaStateUniversity. So he and his colleagues used a previously created data set of building collisions for birds at 40 sites throughoutMexico,Canadaand theU.S.The first finding was obvious: bigger buildings with more glass kill more birds. But the details were more remarkable. "We found that life history predicted collisions. Migrants(候鸟), insect-eaters and woodland-inhabiting species collided more than their counterparts(同类).”Most migratory species travel at night, when lights near buildings can distract or disorient(使迷失方向)them. And Elmore thinks that insect-eating birds might be attracted to buildings because their insect prey(猎物)is attracted to the lights. He suspects that woodland species get tooled by the reflections of trees and bushes in the windows. The results are in the journal Conservation Biology.By understanding which birds are more likely to collide with buildings, researchers can perhaps determine the best way to adapt buildings, or their lighting, to help prevent such accidents. And by knowing risks, along with migration timing and behavior, building managers can better predict when birds are at their greatest danger - and improve lighting strategics accordingly.Elmore's next project will use radar to help predict bird migrations. " I think that would maybe go a long way in terms of providing information to people, to the public, to building managers, on when they can get the most benefit in terms of lights-out policies."12. What is the possible reason for birds' crashing into buildings?A. They didn't see the buildings.B. They took reflections for reality.C. They assumed the windows to be open.D. They considered buildings as safe routes.13. What is Jared Elmore's study different from the previous ones?A. It created a new data set.B. It went beyond national borders.C. It covered a wider range of sites.D. I’ll studied some specific bird species.14. What was the most noticeable finding of Jared Elmore's study?A. Migratory species travel at night.B. Birds tend to be misled by glasses.C. Bigger buildings cause more collisions.D. Birds living habits give rise to collisions.15. Which of the following can help reduce bird collision?A. Adjust the lightening system.B. Attach radars to each building.C. Adopt strict lights-out policies.D. Ban using glasses on buildings.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Curiosity Is an Increasingly Rare VirtueMost of the breakthrough discoveries and remarkable inventions throughout history, from flints (打火石) for starting a fire to self-driving cars, have something in common: They are the result of curiosity. But the journalist Ian Leslie, in his newly-published book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that curiosity is a much overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and we are losing it.Leslie presents considerable evidence for the claim that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the rea der’s borders. Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊): we seek only the information we want. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship(企业家精神). Worse still, that lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.Fortunately, some strategies can be employed to develop curiosity: If you just accept the world as it is without trying to dig deeper, you will certainly lose the ‘holy curiosity’. Of course, one effective way to dig deeper beneath the surface is asking questions: What is that? Why is it made that way? Who invented it? How does it work? ...And if you see learning as a burden, there’s no way you will want to dig deeper into anything. That will just make the burden heavier. But if you think of learning as something fun, you will naturally want to dig deeper.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sport TourismTourism is the world’s largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to come. Increasingly, the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world. At the same time, the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity. A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate, 22% of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel. It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism. The first category. Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships, and the Olympic games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.The second type of sport tourism, celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as “the NBA basketball cruise” arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.Active participation is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf, skiing, and tennis in particular, although other sports such as fishing, and scuba diving are popular in the US.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Online Pharmacy (药店): A Foreseeable TrendOnline pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future, which would be of benefit to all of us. Sadly, current Federal Drug Administration (FDA) restrictions prevent many Americans from gaining access to the medicines they require online. Fortunately, online pharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices. Those calling for the restrictions are wrong. Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people.While some drugs sold online aren’t FDA-approved, customers shouldn’t be prevented from buying them. Many of the herbal remedy (草药) online pharmacies offer have been used for hundreds of years, especially in Asian countries, and they have strong safety records. Other medicines may come from foreign countries, but they aren’t harming the peopl e who use them in their own countries. Take depression pills as an example. It has been used safely for many years in France and other European countries, yet it’s just now being tested in the U.S.Nowadays, just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever, not to mention the time and money to get tests done and await the results. Thanks to the Internet, customers now know more about available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having to consult a doctor. The Internet, after all, is filled with information about all kinds of drugs. Much of it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves.Another issue to consider is money. Health care costs in America are rising every year, and pharmaceutical companies are making billions. Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs atlower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores. Consumers shouldn’t be blamed for seeking cheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies and stores.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to your health, it’s important to look after it.Maintaining good posture (姿势) is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretch can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can stain the muscles around your spine.Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those used to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What started as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned out to be a technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of daily life throughout the world. Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have invented new technology to make space flights doable. The same technology, when applied on Earth, has produced thousands of products in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on our lives.Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine. NASA-inspired technology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases. For instance, computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used in digital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at very early stages. Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening. Ultrasound scanners, portable x-ray devices, and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with the help of spacetechnology.Fogless ski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sports equipment inspired by NASA technology. Space technology has been applied to sports too. The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that act like shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion. These shoes utilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot. In golf, athletes use a new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ball from the tee to the green faster and more accurate. In swimming, athletes can swim faster because of NASA-developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits.Almost all aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are still at work. Transportation, methods of preparing food, and work environments are other ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.As is known to all, many things can be measured in terms of data. Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth. With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day. Obviously, data can make our life easier and more comfortable. What is more important, data seem to be fairer than words or statements. If the data are true, we don’t have to worry about being cheated. Nowadays, as lies exist in the world, data are expected to tell the truth. Therefore, many of us would rather believe data.On the other hand, if we judge things only by data from the so-called specific research, aren’twe a little too narrow-minded? Many people often treat the so-called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions. But sometimes we may find that data aren’t everything. For example, how can you tell that somebody isn’t a good student just because he or she doe sn’t get high marks in the final examination?There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. For example, the degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data.There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. We should try our best to be wise thinkers. Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.Data are data after all. Life is much more colorful than the pale data. So give the cold data a warm heart and we’ll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air.They come in many different colours and various shapes.There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen(青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.So, when you picked up a few things in a supermarket, a guy ran his cart over your toe with no apology. By the time when a fellow motorist had cut you off in traffic, with a rude hand gesture or two, wasn't it a relief to get to the office?The answer is a definite yes. It is found that most American people today think public rudeness is on the rise, and most see that as a "major problem." Moreover, it's getting worse. Lastyear, people reported encountering an average of 6.2 instances per week of evil behavior. This year, the number had shot up to 10.6.The exception, it seems, is the Workshops. More than 90% of us see companies offices as what is immune（免疫）to social bad manners. Workplaces are getting more civil in many people's eyes. The reported cases of office incivility this year declined to 0.29%---markedly lower than cases of running into rudeness online (39%), or while driving (also 39%).Of course, less-than-polite driving or letting loose with an online conduct code is, after all, unlikely to cost anyone his next raise or promotion. However, being on one's best behavior in any professional field is generally a common-sense career awareness for anyone seeking job development.But there’s more to it. Trends in how companies operate seem to have the welcome effect of encouraging coworkers to play nice. CEOS, and managers at all levels, are now keen on cooperation. They are trying to build a ‘Best Places to Work’ culture, to attract the best available talents. This emphasis on co-working atmosphere really requires civil interactions between people.Nonetheless，a significant number of employees believe there’s more to be done. Asked what changes they’d like to see, 62％hope that “civility training will be continued”, looking for bigger progress in the workplace manners.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take Care of Your Spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support.It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it.Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn’t comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions. Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine.Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement (补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but it’s also absorb ed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.All Must Have DegreesIn a classroom in Seoul a group of teenagers sit over their desks in total silence. Study begins at eight in the morning and ends at half past four in the afternoon. And some even go back home at midnight. Like thousands of South Koreans, they are preparing for the important exam, which will largely determine whether they go to a good university or not. Degrees have become useful. Seventy percent of students who graduate from the country’s secondary schools now go straight to universities.Many more countries have seen a big rise in the share of young people with degrees, but South Korea is an extreme case. As technological reforms require workers to do many difficult and demanding jobs that they would not have done before, there seems to be reasonable to insist that more workers receive a good education than before. And a degree is an obvious way for bright youngsters From poor families to prove their abilities. People tend to earn more if they have degrees.Employers do not have to pay for higher education and they are increasingly able to demand degrees to screen out the least motivated or capable. A recent study by Joseph Fuller and Manjari Raman of Harvard Business School shows that companies routinely require applicants to have degrees, even though only a minority of those already working in the role have them.The Economist’s analysis found that between 1970 and 2015, the proportion of 256 workers aged 25-64 with at least a bachelor’s degree increased. Some of them are highly intellectually demanding jobs, such as aviation engineers. Others are non-graduate jobs such as waiting tables. Sixteen percent of waiters now have degrees, because probably in most cases they could not find jobs and live poorly. Today, having a degree is usually an entry requirement.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gossip“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. For instance, if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The drug store was closing for the night and Alfred Higgins was about to go home when his new boss approached him.“Empty your pockets please, Alfred,” Sam Carr demanded in a firm voice.Alfred pretended to be shocked but he knew he’d been caught. From his coat he withdrew a make-up kit, a lipstick and two tubes of toothpaste.“I’m disappointed in you, Alfred!” said the little gray-haired man.“Sorry, Sir. Please forgive me. I’ve never done such a thing before.” Alfred lied, hoping to gain the old man’s sympathy.Mr Carr’s brow furrowed (皱眉) as he reached for the phone, “Do you take me for a fool? Let’s see what the police have to say. But first I’ll call your mother and let her know her son is heading to jail.”“Do whatever you want,” Alfred shot back, trying to sound big. But deep down he felt like a child. He imagined his mother rushing in, eyes burning with anger, maybe in tears. Yet he wanted her to come quickly before Mr. Carr called the police.Mr. Carr was surprised when Mrs Higgins finally arrived. She was very calm, quiet and friendly. “Is Alfred in trouble?” she asked.“He’s been stealing from the store,” the old man coolly replied.Mrs. Higgins put out her hand and touched Mr. Carr’s arm with great g entleness as if she knew just how he felt. She spoke as if she did not want to cause him any more trouble. “What do you want to do, Mr. Carr?”The woman’s calm and gentle manner disarmed the once-angry store-owner. “I was going to get a cop. But I don’t want to be cruel. Tell your son not to come back here again, and I’ll let itgo.” Then he warmly shook Mrs. Higgins’s hand.Mrs. Higgins thanked the old man for his kindness, then mother and son left. They walked along the street in silence. When they arrive d home his mother simply said, “Go to bed, you fool.”In his bedroom, Alfred heard his mother in the kitchen. He felt no shame, only pride in his mother’s actions. “She was smooth!” he thought. He went to the kitchen to tell her how great she was, but was shocked by what he saw.His mother’s face looked frightened, broken. Not the cool, bright face he saw earlier. Her lips moved nervously. She looked very old. There were tears in her eyes.This picture of his mother made him want to cry. He felt his youth ending. He saw all the troubles he brought her and the deep lines of worry in her grey face. He seemed to have never really seen his mother like that.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think:” I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastinat ion（拖延症）”.According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’tstop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them up in the first place.“People who generally hav e trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologist at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jane Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm University, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Popular Science, “the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To Friend or UnfriendSocial networking makes it very easy to have friends –lots and lots friends. Hundreds or millions of people have joined QQ, Wechat, and other sites so that they can communicate with friends online. However, the meaning of the word “friend” seems changed. In the past, a friend was someone you had a close personal relationship with. Now, anyone in the world can be yourfriend online! Some people have thousands of cyber friends, but what do you do if you don’t want to have so many friends?Easy! You can dump an unwanted friend with just one click of your mouse. In recent years, it has become so common to get rid of friends in this way that there is a new word to describe it – to “unfriend”. The new Oxford American Dictionary named it word of the Year in 2009 and defined it like this: “to remove someone as a ‘friend’ from social networking site”. But why would you want to do such a thing as unfriending someone?The most common reason for unfriending someone is to eliminate annoying people from your social life. For example, some friends post messages much too frequently, especially those messages found to be extremely boring. They endlessly post status updates which say something like “I’m cooking dinner” or “I’m doing homework”. Another reason for unfriending someone is disagreement about world issues. A third reason is to get rid of people who write dirty things on social websites.Although dumping friends is not just an Internet phenomenon, far more online friendships end suddenly than off-line ones. Even in this computer age, it remains true that many people prefer spending time together face-to face. After all, that’s what friends ar e for!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from。
完整word版2019年上海市金山区高考英语一模试卷
2019年上海市金山区高考英语一模试卷Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A．200．B．300．C．400．D．600．2．（1分）A．At a bus stop．B．At home．C．At the airport．D．At a supermarket．3．（1分）A．Manager and employee．B．Teacher and student．C．Husband and wife．D．Brother and sister．4．（1分）A．He went to a picture show．B．He painted some pictures．C．He watched a football match on TV．D．He went out to play football．5．（1分）A．The mouse．B．The price．C．The monitor．D．The keyboard．6．（1分）A．The man shouldn't be so anxious．B．She's already an hour late．C．The man shouldn't wait to be interviewed．第1页（共43页）D．She's too nervous to calm down．7．（1分）A．It is his favorite book．B．It is not worth reading．C．It is not the one he likes．D．It is better than he expected．8．（1分）A．Business is not necessarily good at the turn of the year．B．Business is always good at the end of the year．C．Businessmen are the busiest people at the end of the year．D．There will be many cases at the end of the year．9．（1分）A．She didn't like it at all．B．She thought it was very easy．C．She thought it was too hard for her to follow．D．She thought the instructor was very good．10．（1分）A．They will make a phone call to Dr．Smith tomorrow．B．They can put down the clock because it is always slow．C．Dr．Smith was late for the call．D．They can call on Dr．Smith tomorrow．Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.11．（4.5分）（1）A．The impact of painful memories．B．New research on a pill and the argument about it．C．A way of wiping out painful memories．D．A proper method for changing memories．（2）A．It can cause the brain to fix memories．B．It can stop people remembering bad experiences．C．It can prevent the body producing certain chemicals．D．It can wipe out the emotional effects of memories．第2页（共43页）（3）A．Experts are not sure about the effects of the pill．B．The pill will certainly stop people's emotional memories．C．Taking the pill will do harm to people's physical health．D．The pill has already been produced and used by the American public．12．（4.5分）（1）A．Wearing high heels can improve women's balance．B．Wearing high heels exposes women to strains．C．Wearing high heels can result in back pain．D．Wearing high heels can lead to unhealthy walking patterns．（2）A．They should choose proper heels．B．They should exercise their ankle muscles properly．C．They should measure the strength of their ankles frequently．D．They should give up the habit of wearing high heels．（3）A．Because they thought it was fashionable．B．Because it was a symbol of status．C．Because it could help them to shoot their bow and arrow more effectively．D．Because it was required by European emperors．13．（6分）（1）A．Believing in themselves．B．Writing a book．C．Challenging their life．D．Asking for help．（2）A．She makes children's programs．B．She gets involved in legal decisions．C．She simplifies a judge's job．D．She explains the function of the law in simple words．（3）A．Sharing things with others．B．Solving problems．C．Talking with others．D．Having her opinions heard．（4）A． A judge's reflection on her job and life．B．The success of a children's program．第3页（共43页）C．The importance of law in daily life．D．The problems people meet in court．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）However depressed you may be feeling now，if you look back，there certainly will have been events that made you happy﹣maybe the time （1）you bought your first bicycle or you were awarded a scholarship．When good things happen，we feel excited，proud and happy．But the problem is，happiness doesn't usually last．The excitement of that first bicycle purchase wears off，and the pride in the scholarship gives way to the stress of performing （2）（well）on the next exam．Psychologists call this phenomenon hedonic adaptation （享乐适应症）﹣that is，（3）good something makes us feel，most of the time we drift back to （4）westarted．An often （5）（quote）example is that lottery winners are no happier than non﹣winners eighteen months after their win．But don't despair．It is possible to make happiness last．Psychologists have found twoanti﹣adaptation tools that are effective in sustaining happiness：variety and appreciation．Variety is，as we all know，the spice of life．But it's also a useful weapon （6）adaptation．Positive changes that （7）（experience）in a variety of ways are more likely to lead to lasting happiness．For example，you will feel happier about your volunteer work （8）you are able to cope with new tasks every week．The second tool，appreciation，is in many ways the opposite of adaptation．It's about focusing on something，instead of letting it fade into the background．It is only when you appreciate something （9）an enduring feeling of happiness will follow．Human beings spend a lot of time figuring out what makes them happy，but not enoughtime （10）（try）to hang on to the happiness they already have．This is like focusing all your energy on making more money，without giving any thought to what you will do withthe money．The key to happiness is to not only look for new opportunities but also to make第4页（共43页）the most of the ones you've been given．Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．（10分）A．coupled B．currently C．head D．depressing E．product F．targetG．suggest H．capability I．score J．potentially K．trickyWant to figure out if someone is a psychopath （精神变态者）？Ask them what theirfavourite song is．A New York University study last year found that people who lovedEminem's Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber's What Do You Mean？were more likely to （1）highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits．Over the past few years，Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic （2）inan attempt to help marketers （3）consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they're in．They infer this from the sort of music you're listening to，（4）with where andwhen you're listening to it，along with third﹣party data that might be available．Now，to be clear，there's nothing particularly （5）about what Spotify is doingwith your data．I certainly don't think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you're listening to the songs that （6）you might be in a casually racist mood．Nevertheless，I find it （7）that ourpersonal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers．You can see where this could go，can't you？As ad targeting gets ever more complicated，marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in （8）exploitative ways．According to one study，titled Misery Is Not Miserly，you are morelikely to spend more on a （9）if you're feeling sad．You can imagine somecompanies might take advantage of that．And on that note，I'm feeling a little down about all this．I'll （10）off to treat myself to something expensive．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or第5页（共43页）phrase that best fits the context.16．（15分）The constant working engine that drives the majority of human action is，undoubtedly，the fragrant dream of individualism．And while the presence of its scent is （1）throughout the world entirely，its value is worshipped （敬奉）to such an extent in a land no other than that of America．As the framework of its history，America holds individuality as the ever﹣popular green light，the essence of which becomes the symbol of hope for，well，almost everything．In fact，in America's current social status，individuality has become something of a birthright，and a （2）applied upon the face of the media，where it was （3）valuedas the American dream．There is no denying the popularity of this idol in American society，and little hope for （4）it．However，（5）most pride themselves in their individualistic state，perhaps humans，when stripped （剥）to their core （核心），are everything but．It is no new discovery that people are the sum of their experiences．The overwhelming majority of human experiences involve other humans，along with the （6）and relationships between them．It is a （7）occurrence when a life is built upon eventswithout this stimulus．Indeed，interaction is the core of experience．Therefore，in orderthat humans are the sum of their experiences，they must be the sum of the people that theymeet，just as well．As an Americanized teen，I found the discovery that not only my self﹣entitledindividualism was （8），but that I，as a being，was a product，increasingly unsettling to accept．Questions （9）me such as If I am bits and pieces of everyoneI have met ﹣my family，my teachers，all of my friends，and even strangers ﹣then whatis left that is just me？What part of me is just me？How much of myself is the combining of different parts of different people？Is such a （10）between myself and others even possible？Such are inquiries that will continue to be thought about，as I have come to accept thatthey will remain a （11）．Therefore，with the allowance of these questions，the response must be a （12）湩琠敨搠晥湩瑩潩?景尠湯獥汥屦．The previously mentioned questions no longer concern me，as I have put a stop to the idea that theeal me is some lost第6页（共43页）isolated island on top of an ocean of influence．I realized that my personality cannot depend on a（n）（13）between influenceand individualism，as such is a line that cannot be distinct．（14），I must be aperson whose calmness is a beautifully hazy mixture，and a steady question．Thus，it is the commonly unnoticed durable mystery that is the frustration of those who can （15）the lie of individualism．Hopefully，they will come into acceptance．（1）A．unpredictable B．untrustworthy C．unreliable D．undeniableDmark．model B．（2）A．necessity characteristic C．D．C．later previously extremely publicly B．（3）A．D（4）A．destroying．．B appreciating chasing escaping C．D．．C since（5）A．though B．if asD interaction．cooperation C．tension．（6）A conflict B．DB．C．frequent．rare strange．（7）A commonD．．B justified．A right false C．unclear）（8D．）（9A affected．bothered B．interrupted surprised．CD separation．）（10A C．contrast．combinationB．communicationD．secret．）（11A fantasytruthC．B．mysteryD．gap．）12（A change C．factorbelief．BDdistinction．）13（A ．exchange medium．C B．connectionDC．．InsteadFurthermore However．B Therefore ．）14（AD．cope with see through make up Bbreak up ．）15（A．．C Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）Charity Cycling UK recently launched a campaign to raise awareness of dooring after discovering that many people don't know what it is．Dooring is when a driver or第7页（共43页）passenger opens the door into another road user﹣typically cyclist﹣without looking for otherroad users．Cycling UK chief executive Paul Tuohy told Gloucestershire Live：Some people seemto see car dooring as a bit of a joke，but it's not and can have serious consequences．CyclingUK wants to see great awareness made about the dangers of opening your car door carelessly，and people to be encouraged to look before they open．The charity says 2，009 of the 3，000 injuries were sustained by cyclists，resulting in five fatalities but says this might not be the full extent of the danger．Cycling UK says not all car dooring incidents will be attended by police，so the charityhas written to transport minister Jesse Norman calling for a public awareness campaign urgingall car occupants，not just drivers，to look before opening vehicle doors．One of the ways桴?档牡瑩?畳杧獥獴椠?桴??瑵档爠慥档，where people leaving a vehicle reach over and usethe non﹣door side hand to open the door．Cycling UK also suggests harsher laws and advice on safer road positioning for peoplewho cycle．Mr．Tuohy said：In the Netherlands they are known for practicing a method，known sometimes as the ‘Dutch reach'，which we think could be successfully encouraged in theUK．Cycling UK has written to the Department for Transport asking them to look into this，and highlight the dangers of ‘car dooring' through a public awareness THINK stylecampaign．If you're really concerned about opening a door into the path of a cyclist coming behindyou，consider using what's known as the Dutch reach to open the door．That will naturallyturn you in your seat and give you a much better view of what's coming up alongside in the car．（1）Why does the author mention the figures in Paragraph 3？A．To cause public concern．B．To report the terrible accidents．C．To show the danger of car dooring．D．To stress the importance of traffic safety．第8页（共43页）（2）桗汩?潤湩?桴??瑵档爠慥档，you should．A．sit still in your seatB．open the car door politelyC．use the inside hand to open the doorD．use the left hand to open the car door（3）What can be learned from the text？A．Many people are ignorant of car dooring．B．The Dutch reach is well received in England．C．Dooring incidents are all attended by police．D．Drivers are to blame for dooring incidents．（4）What's the author's attitude towards car dooring？A．Negative．B．Ridiculous．C．Neutral．D．Concerned18．（6分）Confucius InstituteThe Confucius Institute at the University of Minnesota offers several short classes onChinese language and culture．★Class FeesThe cost of classes is 225（170 for Chinese Rehab）第9页（共43页）★Class CalendarThe Confucius Institute follows the University of Minnesota semester schedule．The Confucius Institute classes start a few weeks after the start of the University semester and lastfor ten class sessions．Classes are not held on University holidays．The upcoming class sessions will be：Spring 2018：February 1﹣April 7Summer 2018：June 13﹣August 25Tentative class calendar：The schedule may change due to teacher availability．MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAYIntermediate II Beginning IIBeginning I，Section Beginning I，SectionA B6：00 ～7：30 p．m．6：00 ～7：00 p．m．6：00 ～7：30 p．m．6：00 ～7：30 p．m．Chinese Rehab Intermediate I Beginning III Intermediate III6：30 ～7：00 p．m．6：00 ～7：30 p．m．6：00 ～7：30 p．m．6：00 ～7：30 p．m．★Class CancellationsAny class not meeting minimum enrollment by four business days before the class startdate will be cancelled and you will be contacted．If we must cancel a class due to insufficient enrollment or any other circumstance beyond our control，we will offer a full refund or issue credit towards another class．★Contact InformationThe Confucius Institute is located within the University International Center on the eastbank of the Twin Cities campus．The University International Center is located in the Keeler Apartment building．Enter at the corner of 17th Avenue S．E．and 4th Street through the doors located near the University International Center sign．Office hoursThe office is generally open Monday through Friday，from 8：00 a．m．until 4：30 p．m．The office is closed daily from12：00 noon until 1：00 p．m．and is closed on all第10页（共43页）University holidays．Office Address160 University International Center，331﹣17th Ave．S．E．，Minneapolis，MN 55414 Phone：612625﹣5080Fax：612﹣625﹣5158Email：confucius（@ umn．edu（1）Chinese Rehab．A．costs more moneyB．is held on MondayC．lasts one and a half hoursD．has four classes a week（2）To get information about the classes，you can visit the office．A．on Monday noonB．at 12：30 a．m．，TuesdayC．on Wednesday eveningD．at 1：30 p．m．，Friday（3）What is True about the classes？A．The schedule may be changeable．B．They can be one﹣to﹣one instruction．C．They are held on University holidays．D．They start at the beginning of the University semester．19．（8分）Parallel worlds exist and interact with our world，say physicists．Quantum mechanics （量子力学），though firmly tested，is so weird and anti﹣intuitive that physicist Richard Feynman once remarked，I think I can safely say nobody understands第11页（共43页）quantum mechanics．Attempts to explain some of the bizarre （奇异的）consequences of quantum theory have led to some mind﹣bending ideas，such as the Copenhagen interpretation and the many﹣worlds interpretation．Now there's a new theory on the block，called the many interacting worlds hypothesis（假设）（MIW），and the idea is just as profound as it sounds．The theory suggests not only parallel worlds exist，but that they interact with our world on the quantum level and are thus detectable．Though still speculative （推测的），the theory may help to finally explain some of the bizarre consequences inherent in quantum mechanics．The theory is a spinoff of the many﹣worlds interpretation in quantum mechanics﹣an assumption that all possible alternative histories and futures are real，each representing an actual，though parallel，world．One problem with the many﹣worlds interpretation，however，has been that it is fundamentally untestable，since observations can only be madein our world．Happenings in these proposed parallel worlds can thus only be imagined．MIW，however，says otherwise．It suggests that parallel worlds can interact on the quantum level，and in fact that they do．The idea of parallel universes in quantum mechanics has been around since 1957，explained Howard Wiseman，a physicist at Griffith University in Brisbane，Australia，and one of the physicists to come up with MIW．In the well﹣known ‘Many﹣Worlds Interpretation'，each universe branches into a bunch of new universes every time a quantum measurement is made．All possibilities are therefore realized ﹣in some universes the dinosaur﹣killing asteroid （小行星）missed Earth．In others，Australia was colonized by the Portuguese．But critics question the reality of these other universes，since they do not influence our universe at all，he added．On this score，our ‘Many Interacting Worlds' approach is completely different，as its name implies．Wiseman and colleagues have proposed that there exists a universal force of repulsion between ‘nearby'（i．e．similar）worlds，which tends to make them more dissimilar．Quantum effects can be explained by factoring in this force，they propose．When asked about whether their theory might imply that humans could someday interactwith other worlds，Wiseman said：It's not part of our theory．But the idea of human第12页（共43页）interactions with other universes is no longer pure fantasy．What might your life look like if you made different choices？Maybe one day you'll beable to look into one of these alternative worlds and find out．（1）According to Paragraph 1﹣2，which of the following statements is true about quantum mechanics？A．It's been tested that no one in the world knows what quantum mechanics is．B．The theory of quantum mechanics is intuition（直觉）based．C．Quantum theories should be interpreted in many different ways．D．Quantum mechanics is valid and based on profound research．（2）According to paragraph 3﹣5，the new theory MIW differs from the previous one in that．A．MIW develops from quantum mechanicsB．MIW suggests the interaction can be detectedC．The previous one is based on profound foundationD．The previous one proves that MIW is imagined（3）According to the passage，critics of parallel universes and its supporters mainly disagrees in．A．the origin of these parallel universesB．the foundation of these universesC．the reality of these other universesD．the ways of how these parallel universes interact（4）The last sentence of the last paragraph implies that．A．someday humans may live in different universes in one lifetimeB．humans may make different choices simultaneously （同时地）and live in different universesC．humans may live again from the beginning if they regret their life in this universeD．life would be more unexpected，but all you expect may be true in other universes Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more第13页（共43页）sentences than you need.20．（8分）What do you think we can do to prevent Chinese musicals from declining in popularitAt that timthe musical was chosen as the opening show for the 17th China Shanghai International Arts FestivaThe box office is expected to be twice higher than that of last yeareaching $1 million intotaThesmallaudiencesizehasn'tdiscouragedlocalartistsfromproducingoutstandingworks．E．The deal is a milestone for Shimmer in its goal to further spread its influence to the world F．Despite the huge success of Shimmer，the team is facing a limited market．Shanghai Hengyuanxiang Drama Development Company and Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer （《犹太人在上海》）become the first Chinese musical to have an open﹣ended run on Broadway in 2019．（1）Directed by Xu Jun，Shimmer is a musical in both English and Chinese．Shimmer，which tells a story about Jews who fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution （迫害）during World War II，was first shown at the Shanghai Culture Square in 2015．（2）The musical's scheduled open﹣ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States．With this play being shown on Broadway，the ties between Chinese people and Americans will be firmly strengthened．And through this drama，the audience can feel thecharm of Chinese culture．（3）To deal with the problem，many production companies in Shanghai havepointed out that they should keep striving for improvement by creating more Chinese musicalsand by creating more audiences．Currently，those who watch Western musicals in China are limited to a small group ﹣people who have received a university education or have hadoverseas working experiences，white﹣collar and even gold﹣collar workers．There are onlya handful of people who understand foreign languages and you have to find a way to motivatethe public and get them into the theater．第14页（共43页）（4）There has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai．TheChinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia，both of which had hundreds of shows across China，are among the top box office hits．Summary Writing21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．GossipDid you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday？Lindsey whispers to Tori．With her eyes shining，Tori brags，You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago．Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me．Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip．An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about．Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic﹣breakups，trouble at home﹣thata person would rather keep secret．The more embarrassing the secret is，the juicier the gossipit makes．Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie．People often think ofgossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain．If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？The answerlies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us．Sharing the latest rumor can makea person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't．Similarly，敨牡湩?桴?慬整瑳爠浵牯挠湡洠歡??数獲湯映敥?楬敫瀠牡?景琠敨尠湩朠潲灵．In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority．Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten rules about how peopleshould act．Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group．For instance，if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore orwhat Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you thesame kind of negative attention．The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never showup in any student handbook．The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation．The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your juicy storymight have．第15页（共43页）TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）新来的员工经验不足，在解决顾客投诉时遇到了麻烦．（have trouble）23．（3分）医生向病人保证，只要他按时服药就没有大碍．（assure）24．（4分）尽管日程安排很紧，他还是报名参加了他同事推荐的那个课程．（despite）25．（5分）直到妻子与他离了婚，他才意识到他应该多抽一些时间陪伴家人，而不是一心只有工作．（until）Guided Writing26．（20分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．目前中国的移动支付（mobile payment）非常盛行，越来越多的年轻人选择使用移动支付，有的人认为移动支付给人们带来了便利，而有些人认为这种方式存在安全隐患．请你谈谈对这一现象的看法．内容包括：1．简要描述你或你身边的人在日常生活中使用移动支付的现象．2．通过与传统方式的比较，谈谈移动支付给人们带来的利与弊．（参考词汇：微信Wechat；支付宝：Alipay；二维码QR code）第16页（共43页）2019年上海市金山区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten shortconversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will beasked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers onyour paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．（1分）A．200．B．300．C．400．D．600．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略2．（1分）A．At a bus stop．B．At home．C．At the airport．D．At a supermarket．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略3．（1分）A．Manager and employee．B．Teacher and student．C．Husband and wife．D．Brother and sister．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略第17页（共43页）【解答】B【点评】略4．（1分）A．He went to a picture show．B．He painted some pictures．C．He watched a football match on TV．D．He went out to play football．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略5．（1分）A．The mouse．B．The price．C．The monitor．D．The keyboard．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略6．（1分）A．The man shouldn't be so anxious．B．She's already an hour late．C．The man shouldn't wait to be interviewed．D．She's too nervous to calm down．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】D【点评】略7．（1分）A．It is his favorite book．。
金山英语高考一模试卷
一、听力部分（共25小题，每小题1.5分，满分37.5分）Section A1. W: Hi, John! Are you ready for the English exam?M: Yes, I think so. I've studied hard for it.Q: What are they talking about?2. W: The weather is so hot today. Do you think we should take an umbrella?M: No, I don't think it will rain.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: I can't find my book. Do you know where it is?M: I think you left it on the table.Q: What is the woman looking for?4. W: How do you like your new job?M: It's interesting, but it's also challenging.Q: What does the man think about his new job?5. W: Have you seen my brother? He's not home yet.M: Yes, I saw him at the supermarket.Q: Where did the man see the woman's brother?Section B6. W: Can you help me with my homework?M: Sure, I can help you with it.Q: What does the man mean?7. W: I think I'll go to the gym after school.M: That's a good idea. It will help you stay healthy.Q: What does the man suggest?8. W: I can't find my phone. Do you know where it is?M: I think you left it in your bag.Q: What is the woman looking for?9. W: How was your vacation?M: It was great. I went to the beach and had a lot of fun.Q: What did the man do during his vacation?10. W: I'm going to study abroad next year.M: That's amazing. I wish I could do the same.Q: What does the man think about the woman's plan?二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）passage 1Last year, my family decided to go on a trip to the Great Wall of China. It was my first time visiting such a famous place, and I was excited to see it with my own eyes.We arrived at the Great Wall early in the morning. The sun was rising, and the sky was filled with beautiful colors. As we walked along the wall, we could see the mountains in the distance. The view was breathtaking.The Great Wall is an amazing engineering achievement. It's said that it took thousands of workers and many years to build. We learned a lot about the history and culture of China from our guide.I was amazed by the length and height of the wall. It's so big that it can be seen from space! We also visited a watchtower, where we could see the wall from above. It was an unforgettable experience.passage 2The Internet has become an integral part of our lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and do business. However, with great power comes great responsibility.One of the most significant advantages of the Internet is the ease of communication. We can now connect with people from all over the world in seconds. This has greatly facilitated global cooperation and understanding.Another advantage is the access to a vast amount of information. With just a few clicks, we can find information on any topic. This has made learning and research much more efficient.However, the Internet also has its drawbacks. One of the biggest issues is cyberbullying. Many people use the anonymity of the Internet to harass and intimidate others. This can have severe consequences on the mental health of the victims.Another problem is the spread of misinformation. With the ease of sharing information, it's difficult to discern between fact and fiction. This can lead to confusion and even panic.In conclusion, the Internet is a powerful tool that can bring many benefits. However, we must be responsible users and ensure that we use it for good purposes.passage 3Exercise is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It not only improves physical fitness but also has numerous mental health benefits.Regular exercise can help reduce stress levels. When we exercise, our bodies release endorphins, which are natural mood lifters. This can help us feel more relaxed and happy.Exercise also helps improve our cognitive function. Studies have shown that regular physical activity can enhance memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. This is especially important for students who need to stay focused and productive.In addition to the mental health benefits, exercise is crucial for maintaining physical health. It can help prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Regular exercise also strengthens bones and muscles, making us more resistant to injuries.However, it's important to choose the right type of exercise for our needs. Some people prefer cardio exercises, while others enjoy strength training or yoga. It's essential to find an activity that we enjoy and can stick to.In conclusion, exercise is a vital component of a healthy lifestyle. By incorporating regular physical activity into our daily routines, we can improve our overall well-being.三、完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）Many people believe that happiness is a goal to be achieved. However, happiness is not something that can be obtained through external means. Instead, it is an internal state that we can cultivate.The first step to cultivating happiness is to focus on the present moment. Often, we are too concerned about the future or regretting the past. By living in the present, we can appreciate the beauty of life and find joy in the small things.Another important aspect of happiness is gratitude. We often take for granted the things we have in life. By expressing gratitude, we can acknowledge the blessings we receive and appreciate them more.Additionally, practicing kindness and helping others can also contribute to our happiness. When we help others, we feel a sense of fulfillment and purpose. This can improve our self-esteem and overall well-being.However, happiness is not always easy to achieve. We may face challenges and setbacks along the way. It's important to be resilient and maintain a positive mindset. By embracing difficulties as opportunities for growth, we can learn and improve ourselves.In conclusion, happiness is a state of mind that we can cultivate through mindfulness, gratitude, kindness, and resilience. By focusing onthe present, appreciating what we have, and helping others, we can create a life filled with joy and fulfillment.四、写作部分（共1题，满分25分）Write an essay of about 150 words on the following topic: The Importance of Environmental Protection.In recent years, environmental protection has become a global concern. The rapid development of technology and industrialization has led to serious environmental problems, such as air and water pollution, deforestation, and climate change. As a result, it is crucial for us to take immediate action to protect our environment.Firstly, environmental protection is essential for the survival of our planet. The natural resources on Earth are finite, and if we continue to exploit them without consideration, we may face severe consequences, such as natural disasters and the loss of biodiversity.Secondly, environmental protection is closely related to our health and well-being. Air and water pollution can cause various diseases, leading to a decline in our quality of life. Therefore, we need to take responsibility for our actions and strive to reduce pollution.Lastly, environmental protection is a shared responsibility. It requires the cooperation and participation of individuals, governments, and organizations. By working together, we can create a sustainable and healthy environment for future generations.In conclusion, environmental protection is of great importance. We should all take action to protect our planet and ensure a better future for ourselves and our descendants.。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版).do
One【2019届上海市虹口区高三英语一模试题】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)There aren’t many actors around the world who have enough selfconfidence to turn down an offer from Steven Spielberg. Maybe thatwas why Juliette Binoche gave him a choice. She said she’d be happyto be in Jurassic Park as long as she could play a dinosaur. Of coursehe turned her down and it was probably a good thing. It’s difficult toimagine Juliette ripping people apart with her teeth. However, herdecision doesn’t seem to have done her career any harm. She has gone on to make a string of hits, including The Unbearable Lightness of Being, The English Patient (for which she won an Oscar) and Chocolat.Success in the United States has not been so easy for otherforeign stars. Gerald Depardieu is a good example. Since his firstfilm in 1967, his filmography(影片集锦) lists 172 acting credits.But he has struggled on the other side of the pond. While some ofhis films have been popular in the US, they have usually beenFrench films that travelled. One possible exception was Green Card, directed by Peter Weir, where he plays a French immigrant who goes through a fake wedding in order to stay and work in the United States. This is a predictable but sweet romantic comedy which typecasts (分配同一类型角色) its lead actors in terms of national stereotypes. While some reviewers were kind, others shredded both the film and Depardieu’s performance.While Monsieur Depardieu has n’t received the recognition he would have liked in the United States, one Mexican actor has achieved almost instant success. Gael Garcia Bernal first gained recognition in Amores Perros in 2000 and a year later in Y tu mama tambien. Since then he has appeared with hometown hero, Brad Pitt in Babel and, under the direction of top producer and director, Jim Jarmusch, he starred in Limits of Control. He hasn’t picked up an Oscar yet, but hewas nominated for a BAFTA(英国电影电视艺术学院奖) in 2005 for his performance as the South American hero revolutionary Che Guevara, in Motorcycle Diaries. In the same year he played American music icon Elvis Presley in The King.56. It can be inferred from the passage that Juliette Binoche ______.A. very much wanted to be in Jurassic ParkB. didn’t want to be in Jurassic ParkC. really wanted to play a dinosaur in Jurassic ParkD. was hesitant whether she could play a dinosaur well57. According to the writer, Gerald Depardieu’s most popular films ______.A. have been made in HollywoodB. have only been seen in EuropeC. have been made in France, but seen in other countries, tooD. have been made in Hollywood, but well received in France58. The last sentence in Para 2 “o thers shredded both the film and Depardieu’s performance”means others thought Depardieu’s performance and the film were ______.A. complexB. interestingC. terribleD. impressive59. The writer’s purpose in writing this article is to suggest that ______.A. Foreign actors generally do well in the United StatesB. American actors are able to earn more money than foreign actorsC. Foreign actors are playing an irreplaceable role in the United StatesD. a successful career in Europe or Latin America doesn’t guarantee success in the USAKeys: 56-59 BCCDSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them. There are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the Information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects, “Bridge of Terabithia” is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy. Adapting Katherine Paterson’s award-winning novel, the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship between two unusually gifted children. The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing. An introverted(内向的) kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures; together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes, a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life, “Bridge to Terabithia” keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday. Gabor Csupo directs this, his first feature, like someone close to the pain of being different, fascinated in tiny, perfect details.With strong performances from all the lea ds, “Bridge to Terabithia” is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity. As the emotional landscape darkens, those who haven’t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your children may cry, but they won’t be traumatized so badly.Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web, “Bridge to Terabithia” is the kind of children’s movie rarely seen nowadays. At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music an d art from the curriculum, the story’s insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential.56. The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie ________.A. lost their control over the imaginary kingdomB. looked down on their individual realitiesC. formed a good friendship despite their different talentsD. wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia57. Which of the following words is most likely to replace “traumatized” (paragraph 4)?A. criticizedB. ignoredC. delightedD. shocked58. The two children most likely ________.A. skipped school to play in the woods behind their campusB. created an imaginary world as an escape from realityC. disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginationsD. won against the bullies at school with strong performances59. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?A. The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.B. The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.C. “Bridge to Terabithia” has a negative impact on public school education.D. Children shouldn’t watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.Keys: 56-59 CDBBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One recent night, while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal, my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked. “A prejudice had something in common with an ideal.” In other words, ideals---general descriptions of people’s expectations of themselves and others---can often lead us to unreasonable ideas. It got me thinking about how we often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people. We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.I grew up in a multi-racial corner of America. The different groups were often subject to narrow stereotypes: Jewish people were “greedy,” Mexicans were “poorly educated,” and Asians were “good at math.” These labels were taugh t to us from a young age. They wormed their wayinto our belief systems, harming how we came to see others. It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true. The rush-to-judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination(歧视).You can also see these over-generalized description being made against today’s Chinese people. Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among millennials(千禧一代) being described as “monkish,” or “dad-fashion(复古作风)” which has given the “greasy midd le-aged men” tag, stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.It’s about time that we, as a society, walked away from general izations and stereotypes. I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr. from his famous “I Have a Dream” speech: “I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” By reserving judgmen t and really getting to know the individual, you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation.56. According to the passage, how do people tend to judge others?A. By describing people’s personalities.B. By truly getting to know those around.C. By observing their noticeable features.D. By following Martin Luther King’s speech57. According to the author, a culture of discrimination appears because __________.A. people live in places of various racesB. people are born with unreasonable ideasC. prejudices slightly influence people’s belief systemD. people usually make judgments without thinking twice58. Examples of “millennials” and “dad-fashion” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal _______.A. generalizations have unfavourable position in societyB. generalizations have a negative influence on our societyC. generalizations are found peculiar to the middle-aged ChineseD. generalizations make today’s Chinese people lack interest or worry59. The passage is mainly concerned with ________.A. the common prejudiceB. people’s expectation of themselvesC. the groundless worriesD. the famous speech of Martin Luther KingKeys: 56-59 CDBASection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)What to endure before publication?It takes a lot to write a novel. Even those who haven’t tried would say, “Well, duh!” to this. But it’s not much the mind space or the considerable time it takes to write a novel that is as discouraging as how many times any writer must go back to the drawing board for yet another draft. To really ready a novel for publication, a writer must spend time with his or her book. Like any promising relationship, you, the writer , must date your novel, take it out to dinner, meet its parents, and see it through its most trying and desperate times. As a writer, you have to stay up all night with your novel crying and talking and sometimes even pulling your hair out before that perfect moment of inspiration can truly help you cross the finish line.For many published authors I know, myself included, a completed novel takes them about 10, that’s right, 10 drafts, and at least a year of real editing. Will you be spending every single second editing your novel? No, of course not. Just as drafts need some real time on the surgery table, they also need rest in the recovery room. You don’t nurse a relationship by spending every waking second with them until you can’t stand the sight of each other, and you can’t produce a novel by breathing down its literary neck. However, a novel should undergo many drafts---and different kinds of drafts—before declaring it ready for an agent or editor to see.Everyone has their own way to write a novel, and not all craft advice (or even craft “rules”) should all be followed by everyone, but when it comes to the many drafts of a novel, there are specific things a writer should focus on during each revision to help create a smooth transition from the initial idea to final products.56. People are discouraged from writing a novel mainly because it requires _____.A. a good publisherB. too much thinkingC. tons of working timeD. frequent revisions57. What do writers do in the course of creating a novel?A. They spend every minute with the novel.B. They treat the novel as a lover.C. They go out with some readers for dinner.D. They hurt themselves to stay awake.58. By “breathing down its literary neck” in Paragraph 2, the author most probably means _____.A. writing casually thus failing to take readers’ breath awayB. letting go a single mistake thus annoying the readersC. X-raying the work thus finding each literary mistakeD. sticking too close to the work thus causing anxiety59. Which of the following is most likely to come after the last paragraph?A. The importance of using proper transitional words in writing.B. The writing experience shared by famous successful write.C. Tips on how to make ten drafts to complete a good novel.D. Setbacks writers may suffer if ignoring the craft advice.Keys: 56-59 DBDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved(运转) around Eris, a concept by which they defined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a condition of opposites. If there was good, then there was evil；if there was love, then there was hatred; joy, then sorrow; war, then peace; andso on. The Greeks believed that good Eris occurred when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose. It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bring together the great opposing forces in nature. Bad Eris was evident in the violent conditions that ruled men’s lives. Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad Eris occurred when one ignored a problem, letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw Eris as a goddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble.One myth that expresses this concept of bad Eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns that Thetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting to father his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal(凡人) whose child could never challenge the gods. He promises her, among other things, the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please. This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned from it still applies today. They do invite everyone . . . except Eris, the Goddess of Discord. In other words, instead of facing the problems brought on by a mixed marriage, they turn their backs on them. They refused to deal directly with their problems and the result is tragic. In her fury(狂怒), Eris arrives, ruins the wedding, causes a jealous argument between the three major goddesses over a golden apple, and sets in place the conditions that lead to the Trojan War. The war would take place 20 years in the future, but it would result in the death of the only child of the bride and groom, Achilles. Eris would destroy the parents’ hopes for their future, leaving the couple with no legal heirs (继承人) to the throne.Hence, when we are told, “If you don’t invite trouble, trouble comes,” it means that if we don’t deal with our problems, our problems will deal with us . . . with a revenge! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their myths learning myths, for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which can destroy us.56. Bad Eris is defined in the passage as _______.A. the violent conditions of life.B. the problems man encounters.C. the evil goddess who has a golden apple.D. the murderer of generations.57. Zeus married Thetis off because _______.A. he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankind.B. he feared the gods would create bad Eris by competing over her.C. he feared the Trojan War would be fought over her.D. he feared being a father of a boy who would kill him in the future.58. Zeus did not fear a child of King Peleus because _______.A. he knew that the child could not climb Mt. Olympus and manage to kill a god.B. he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan War which would happen in 20 years.C. he knew t hat no matter how strong a mortal child was, he couldn’t overthrow an immortal god.D. he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else.59. What does the myth in the passage want to tell us?A. Do not consider a mixed marriage.B. Do not anger the gods.C. Do not ignore the problems that arise in life.D. Do not take myths seriously.Keys: 56-59 ADCCSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Once again DC Comics and Warner Bros. have divided fans and critics over their latest superhero film.There had been worrying news about Justice League in the months before its release, with a lot of reshoots of scenes, a new director being brought in to finish the film after original director Zack Snyder’s tragic loss of his daughter and, of course, a lot of talk about Ben Affleck’s future in the role of Batman.Some people are saying that Justice League is another big disappointment, that it could havebeen incredible and instead fails to really entertain. Others say that Warner Bros, have finally got it right and that the future for the League looks bright. My opinion lies somewhere in the middle. The film was by no means a disappointment: it was exciting, funny and a lot of fun to watch. There’s something special about watching the heroes from your childhood brought to life on the big screen and maybe that is affecting my opinion.However, I will say that a lot of work needs to be done if the producer wants to make a great success. Although the film was good, it was obvious which scenes had been reshot and how the characters had been changed. I also have to mention the several scenes in which the special effects were very badly done; there are the kinds of problems that you don’t expect to see in a film with such a big budget.Another point to add is that it is good to see the producer making Superman slightly a brighter character and adding some jokes to the plot to keep things fun. But the producer must be careful not to make the mistake that another film producer---here, not mentioning the name---is coming very close to doing: turning all of the films into bright and colorful shows and losing a lot of seriously good stories.In the end, Justice League is not a perfect film but it is definitely not a terrible one. A lot of work is still to be done but I hope that DC does not completely lose its darker side.56. Before the release of Justice League, many people showed their ________.A. pity for the director, Zack SnyderB. concern about the film’s qualityC. higher expectation of the new directorD. support for the actor, Ben Affleck57. According to the author, what’s special about Justice League?A. It advocates social justice.B. It brings lots of fun to the audience.C. It has some brave heroes.D. It brings back childhood memories.58. In Paragraph 5 the author mainly wants to express his _________.A. views on the film’s weaknessB. advice to the film’s directorC. love for the filmD. expectation of the film’s sequels59. The author mentioned another film producer to ________.A. stress the importance of fun in a filmB. show Justice League’s lack of a ser ious plotC. serve as a warning to the producer of Justice LeagueD. set an example for the producer of Justice LeagueKeys: 56-59 BDBCSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over £100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 p m, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stac king shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croyd on, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.Unfortunately, thou gh I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about £7,000 a year.I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to havemore time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.A. responsibleB. qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author?A. Sociable.B. Diligent.C. Ambitious.D. Persistent.59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.Keys: 56-59 DBACSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I boarded a small plane together with my sister and 42 other passengers. While flying over the mountains, the plane encountered violent airflow. Losing control suddenly, it hit an unknownmountain peak. The impact of the crash claimed the lives of a few passengers immediately, leaving many injured including my sister.Adding a slight chance of being found out, we waited in the open, as opposed to waiting in the plane, even though it was freezing cold. At night, we slept side by side to keep ourselves warm and melted snow into water. We knew our fo od couldn’t last us long, sticking to the hope that we would be rescued soon.We knew from radio that the outside world was trying to look for the missing aircraft. However, the aircraft was white and blended in with the snow, making it impossible to be seen from the sky. Later, our hope was dead when we found out via our radio that the rescue effort ended.Now climbing over the mountains ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival. Although the crash site was an awful place, with urine（尿）everywhere and smelling of death, I still wished to stay there. But my sister would give in to her injuries soon if we were not rescued. Thus, together with two other people, Canessa and Vizintin, I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help. Carrying some food and water, the three climbers started our journey. If we had known anything about climbing, we would have realized that we were already finished. The mountain we were about to challenge was one with slopes so steep that it would scare away a team of expert climbers. Our ignorance provided our only chance.We endured exhaustion and starvation and we had reached the top.To our horror, we found nothing. Disappointed, we were about to give up hope when I spotted a valley at the base of the mountain and again we started making our way down the mountain.Eventually, at the bottom of the mountain we were helped by a local farmer who called the police for help. I then guided the rescue team via a helicopter to the crash site. Finally, after we had endured nineteen cruel days, the world found out that there were 16 survivors who had cheated death despite the odds.56. Why did they stay outside the plane?A. Because they didn’t want to stay with dead people inside.B. Because it’s easier to obtain melted snow for water.C. Because they hoped to be seen by the rescue people.D. Because other passengers were against staying inside.57. Why did the author leave the crash site despite his wish to stay?A. Because he could get help from two experienced climbers.B. Because his sister might die without timely medical help.C. Because the crash site was too terrible for him to stay in.D. Because he would like to be tested by the steep mountain slopes.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Rescue people didn’t notice the aircraft because of its color at the beginning.B. The public knew where the plane crashed from the radio.C. The author gave up the climb halfway due to disappointment.D. More than half of the plane passengers were finally rescued.59. The underlined sentence had cheated death despite the odds is closest in meaning to ________.A. had told lies about death in spite of realityB. had avoided death in spite of huge difficultiesC. had treated death with positive attitudeD. had almost died in spite of strange expectationKeys: 56-59 CBABSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Flu is killing us. The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future. Yes, we have an annual vaccine (疫苗), and everyone qualified should get。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ___31___ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ___32___ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy,you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one.Keys: 31-35 DEAHB 36-40 FCIJGSection BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts(囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition(迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War II. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Keys: 31-35 GJABD 36-40 CEIHFSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The resulting outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled worker.“O bligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to lifestages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave(陪产假) and to value my family just as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a cafe and also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and to whatever makes me happy at the time.”Keys: 31-35 GABIE 36-40 KFJCDSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Aurora(极光):wonders or disturbancesCanada，February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ____31____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32____ with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm.Gentle,yet ____33____, Most of all,it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colors.The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34_____ stream of particles(微粒) from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, thisprocess goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour, It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35____ Satellites’electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ____37____ around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n) ____38____ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a huge solar fame ______39_____ just as Hurricane Fran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response, Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral ___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.Keys: 31-35 JBAED 36-40 KCFGISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.Keys: 31-35 FHIAG 36-40 JKEBCSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.They’re till kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___31___ , even from their Millennial(千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they ___32___ the appearance of a new generation.The ___33___ between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___34___the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___35___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is key. They are ___36___ from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are ___37___ banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___38___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___39___."The growth on the use of technology with children is rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think, we have to give them options because they want their world ___40___.” Rosen says.Keys: 31-35 JEHAG 36-40 KIBFCSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been ___31___ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主)one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against ___32___ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western ___33___ to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the ___34___ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is ___35___ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most ___36___ bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are ___37___ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It ___38___ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery ___39___ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen ___40___ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Keys: 31-35 IAHBC 36-40 DFKEGSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin ___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质) ___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used artificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39 ___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient's body.Keys: 31-35 FCEAI 36-40 KJGBDSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Keys: 31-35 IEDCJ 36-40 AGKHFSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was ____31____ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, ____32_____ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems. Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor ____33____ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and ____34____. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he ____35____ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it –and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is ____36_____.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, ____37____ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first ____38____ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to ____39____ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the ____40____ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.Keys: 31-35 ADCBF 36-40 HGJEKSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to ___31___ highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic ___32___ in an attempt to help marketers ___33___ consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they’re in. They infer this from the sort of music you’re listening to, ___34___with where and when you’re listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there’s nothi ng particularly ___35___ about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you’re listening to the songs that ___36___ you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it ___37___ that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in ___38___ exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a ___39___ if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take a dvantage of that. And on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I’ll ___40___ off to treat myself to something expensive.Keys: 31-35 IHFAK 36-40 GDJECSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The ability of the herd mentality(从众心理) to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ____31____ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ____32____ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ____33____ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ____34____ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and cultures than for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ____35____ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ____36____ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ____37____ on a daily basis.Aral recently went on Yelp website to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ____38____, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ____39____ average opinion.“A woman ____40____ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a goo d idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”Keys: 31-35 GFIDC 36-40 ABKEJSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ____31____ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ____32____ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s nece ssary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ____33____ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they bring you clos er to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ____34____ goals.Next, decide how much time you should spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own ____35____.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1. How does this relationship affect me?Every ____36____ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37____ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ____38____ to try something new.2. Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ____39____ you it’s your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ____40____ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.Keys: 31-35 JHEGC 36-40 FIAKBSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and ____32____ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas ____33____ suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren’t only ____34____ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, ____35____ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the ____36____ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and ____37____ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps). Warmer waters also _____38_____ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that ____39_____ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium(碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification(absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood ____40___ would run out by the year 2050.Keys: 31-35 DJCAI 36-40 KBGEHSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预) for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be ___31___ early in life, when children’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, according to the new research, it’s time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to ___32___ this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.A team led by Professor Frances Fardner ___33___ data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on ___34___ data from more than 150 different experiments.What’s more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were。
2019年上海市金山区高考英语一模试卷(解析版)
2019年上海市金山区高考英语一模试卷Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A．200．B．300．C．400．D．600．2．（1分）A．At a bus stop．B．At home．C．At the airport．D．At a supermarket．3．（1分）A．Manager and employee．B．Teacher and student．C．Husband and wife．D．Brother and sister．4．（1分）A．He went to a picture show．B．He painted some pictures．C．He watched a football match on TV．D．He went out to play football．5．（1分）A．The mouse．B．The price．C．The monitor．D．The keyboard．6．（1分）A．The man shouldn't be so anxious．B．She's already an hour late．C．The man shouldn't wait to be interviewed．D．She's too nervous to calm down．7．（1分）A．It is his favorite book．B．It is not worth reading．C．It is not the one he likes．D．It is better than he expected．8．（1分）A．Business is not necessarily good at the turn of the year．B．Business is always good at the end of the year．C．Businessmen are the busiest people at the end of the year．D．There will be many cases at the end of the year．9．（1分）A．She didn't like it at all．B．She thought it was very easy．C．She thought it was too hard for her to follow．D．She thought the instructor was very good．10．（1分）A．They will make a phone call to Dr．Smith tomorrow．B．They can put down the clock because it is always slow．C．Dr．Smith was late for the call．D．They can call on Dr．Smith tomorrow．Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.11．（4.5分）（1）A．The impact of painful memories．B．New research on a pill and the argument about it．C．A way of wiping out painful memories．D．A proper method for changing memories．（2）A．It can cause the brain to fix memories．B．It can stop people remembering bad experiences．C．It can prevent the body producing certain chemicals．D．It can wipe out the emotional effects of memories．（3）A．Experts are not sure about the effects of the pill．B．The pill will certainly stop people's emotional memories．C．Taking the pill will do harm to people's physical health．D．The pill has already been produced and used by the American public．12．（4.5分）（1）A．Wearing high heels can improve women's balance．B．Wearing high heels exposes women to strains．C．Wearing high heels can result in back pain．D．Wearing high heels can lead to unhealthy walking patterns．（2）A．They should choose proper heels．B．They should exercise their ankle muscles properly．C．They should measure the strength of their ankles frequently．D．They should give up the habit of wearing high heels．（3）A．Because they thought it was fashionable．B．Because it was a symbol of status．C．Because it could help them to shoot their bow and arrow more effectively．D．Because it was required by European emperors．13．（6分）（1）A．Believing in themselves．B．Writing a book．C．Challenging their life．D．Asking for help．（2）A．She makes children's programs．B．She gets involved in legal decisions．C．She simplifies a judge's job．D．She explains the function of the law in simple words．（3）A．Sharing things with others．B．Solving problems．C．Talking with others．D．Having her opinions heard．（4）A． A judge's reflection on her job and life．B．The success of a children's program．C．The importance of law in daily life．D．The problems people meet in court．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）However depressed you may be feeling now，if you look back，there certainly will have been events that made you happy﹣maybe the time （1）you bought your first bicycle or you were awarded a scholarship．When good things happen，we feel excited，proud and happy．But the problem is，happiness doesn't usually last．The excitement of that first bicycle purchase wears off，and the pride in the scholarship gives way to the stress of performing （2）（well）on the next exam．Psychologists call this phenomenon hedonic adaptation （享乐适应症）﹣that is，（3）good something makes us feel，most of the time we drift back to （4）we started．An often （5）（quote）example is that lottery winners are no happier than non﹣winners eighteen months after their win．But don't despair．It is possible to make happiness last．Psychologists have found two anti﹣adaptation tools that are effective in sustaining happiness：variety and appreciation．Variety is，as we all know，the spice of life．But it's also a useful weapon （6）adaptation．Positive changes that （7）（experience）in a variety of ways are more likely to lead to lasting happiness．For example，you will feel happier about your volunteer work （8）you are able to cope with new tasks every week．The second tool，appreciation，is in many ways the opposite of adaptation．It's about focusing on something，instead of letting it fade into the background．It is only when you appreciate something （9）an enduring feeling of happiness will follow．Human beings spend a lot of time figuring out what makes them happy，but not enough time （10）（try）to hang on to the happiness they already have．This is like focusing all your energy on making more money，without giving any thought to what you will do with the money．The key to happiness is to not only look for new opportunities but also to makethe most of the ones you've been given．Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．（10分）Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath （精神变态者）？Ask them what their favourite song is．A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem's Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber's What Do You Mean？were more likely to （1）highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits．Over the past few years，Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic （2）in an attempt to help marketers （3）consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they're in．They infer this from the sort of music you're listening to，（4）with where and when you're listening to it，along with third﹣party data that might be available．Now，to be clear，there's nothing particularly （5）about what Spotify is doing with your data．I certainly don't think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you're listening to the songs that （6）you might be in a casually racist mood．Nevertheless，I find it （7）that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers．You can see where this could go，can't you？As ad targeting gets ever more complicated，marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in （8）exploitative ways．According to one study，titled Misery Is Not Miserly，you are more likely to spend more on a （9）if you're feeling sad．You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that．And on that note，I'm feeling a little down about all this．I'll （10）off to treat myself to something expensive．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word orphrase that best fits the context.16．（15分）The constant working engine that drives the majority of human action is，undoubtedly，the fragrant dream of individualism．And while the presence of its scent is （1）throughout the world entirely，its value is worshipped （敬奉）to such an extent in a land no other than that of America．As the framework of its history，America holds individuality as the ever﹣popular green light，the essence of which becomes the symbol of hope for，well，almost everything．In fact，in America's current social status，individuality has become something of a birthright，and a （2）applied upon the face of the media，where it was （3）valued as the American dream．There is no denying the popularity of this idol in American society，and little hope for （4）it．However，（5）most pride themselves in their individualistic state，perhaps humans，when stripped （剥）to their core （核心），are everything but．It is no new discovery that people are the sum of their experiences．The overwhelming majority of human experiences involve other humans，along with the （6）and relationships between them．It is a （7）occurrence when a life is built upon events without this stimulus．Indeed，interaction is the core of experience．Therefore，in order that humans are the sum of their experiences，they must be the sum of the people that they meet，just as well．As an Americanized teen，I found the discovery that not only my self﹣entitled individualism was （8），but that I，as a being，was a product，increasingly unsettling to accept．Questions （9）me such as "If I am bits and pieces of everyoneI have met ﹣my family，my teachers，all of my friends，and even strangers ﹣then whatis left that is just me？What part of me is just me？How much of myself is the combining of different parts of different people？Is such a （10）between myself and others even possible？"Such are inquiries that will continue to be thought about，as I have come to accept that they will remain a （11）．Therefore，with the allowance of these questions，the response must be a （12）in the definition of "oneself"．The previously mentioned questions no longer concern me，as I have put a stop to the idea that the "real" me is some lostisolated island on top of an ocean of influence．I realized that my personality cannot depend on a（n）（13）between influenceand individualism，as such is a line that cannot be distinct．（14），I must be a person whose calmness is a beautifully hazy mixture，and a steady question．Thus，it is the commonly unnoticed durable mystery that is the frustration of those who can （15）the lie of individualism．Hopefully，they will come into acceptance．（1）A．unpredictable B．untrustworthy C．unreliable D．undeniable（2）A．necessity B．characteristic C．mark D．model（3）A．later B．previously C．extremely D．publicly（4）A．destroying B．appreciating C．chasing D．escaping（5）A．though B．if C．since D．as（6）A．conflict B．tension C．interaction D．cooperation （7）A．common B．rare C．frequent D．strange（8）A．right B．justified C．unclear D．false（9）A．affected B．interrupted C．bothered D．surprised（10）A．separation B．combination C．contrast D．communication （11）A．secret B．mystery C．truth D．fantasy（12）A．gap B．belief C．factor D．change（13）A．distinction B．connection C．exchange D．medium（14）A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Furthermore （15）A．break up B．make up C．cope with D．see through Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）Charity Cycling UK recently launched a campaign to raise awareness of dooring after discovering that many people don't know what it is．Dooring is when a driver orpassenger opens the door into another road user﹣typically cyclist﹣without looking for other road users．Cycling UK chief executive Paul Tuohy told Gloucestershire Live："Some people seem to see car dooring as a bit of a joke，but it's not and can have serious consequences．Cycling UK wants to see great awareness made about the dangers of opening your car door carelessly，and people to be encouraged to look before they open．"The charity says 2，009 of the 3，000 injuries were sustained by cyclists，resulting in five fatalities but says this might not be the full extent of the danger．Cycling UK says not all car dooring incidents will be attended by police，so the charity has written to transport minister Jesse Norman calling for a public awareness campaign urging all car occupants，not just drivers，to look before opening vehicle doors．One of the ways the charity suggests is the "Dutch reach"，where people leaving a vehicle reach over and use the non﹣door side hand to open the door．Cycling UK also suggests harsher laws and advice on safer road positioning for people who cycle．Mr．Tuohy said："In the Netherlands they are known for practicing a method，known sometimes as the ‘Dutch reach'，which we think could be successfully encouraged in the UK．""Cycling UK has written to the Department for Transport asking them to look into this，and highlight the dangers of ‘car dooring' through a public awareness THINK style campaign．"If you're really concerned about opening a door into the path of a cyclist coming behind you，consider using what's known as the "Dutch reach" to open the door．That will naturally turn you in your seat and give you a much better view of what's coming up alongside in the car．（1）Why does the author mention the figures in Paragraph 3？A．To cause public concern．B．To report the terrible accidents．C．To show the danger of car dooring．D．To stress the importance of traffic safety．（2）While doing the "Dutch reach"，you should．A．sit still in your seatB．open the car door politelyC．use the inside hand to open the doorD．use the left hand to open the car door（3）What can be learned from the text？A．Many people are ignorant of car dooring．B．The "Dutch reach" is well received in England．C．Dooring incidents are all attended by police．D．Drivers are to blame for dooring incidents．（4）What's the author's attitude towards car dooring？A．Negative．B．Ridiculous．C．Neutral．D．Concerned18．（6分）Confucius InstituteThe Confucius Institute at the University of Minnesota offers several short classes on Chinese language and culture．★Class FeesThe cost of classes is 225（170 for Chinese Rehab）★Class CalendarThe Confucius Institute follows the University of Minnesota semester schedule．The Confucius Institute classes start a few weeks after the start of the University semester and last for ten class sessions．Classes are not held on University holidays．The upcoming class sessions will be：Spring 2018：February 1﹣April 7Summer 2018：June 13﹣August 25Tentative class calendar：The schedule may change due to teacher availability．★Class CancellationsAny class not meeting minimum enrollment by four business days before the class start date will be cancelled and you will be contacted．If we must cancel a class due to insufficient enrollment or any other circumstance beyond our control，we will offer a full refund or issue credit towards another class．★Contact InformationThe Confucius Institute is located within the University International Center on the east bank of the Twin Cities campus．The University International Center is located in the Keeler Apartment building．Enter at the corner of 17th Avenue S．E．and 4th Street through the doors located near the "University International Center" sign．Office hoursThe office is generally open Monday through Friday，from 8：00 a．m．until 4：30 p．m．The office is closed daily from12：00 noon until 1：00 p．m．and is closed on allUniversity holidays．Office Address160 University International Center，331﹣17th Ave．S．E．，Minneapolis，MN 55414 Phone：612625﹣5080Fax：612﹣625﹣5158Email：confucius（@ umn．edu（1）Chinese Rehab．A．costs more moneyB．is held on MondayC．lasts one and a half hoursD．has four classes a week（2）To get information about the classes，you can visit the office．A．on Monday noonB．at 12：30 a．m．，TuesdayC．on Wednesday eveningD．at 1：30 p．m．，Friday（3）What is True about the classes？A．The schedule may be changeable．B．They can be one﹣to﹣one instruction．C．They are held on University holidays．D．They start at the beginning of the University semester．19．（8分）Parallel worlds exist and interact with our world，say physicists．Quantum mechanics （量子力学），though firmly tested，is so weird and anti﹣intuitive that physicist Richard Feynman once remarked，"I think I can safely say nobody understandsquantum mechanics．" Attempts to explain some of the bizarre （奇异的）consequences of quantum theory have led to some mind﹣bending ideas，such as the Copenhagen interpretation and the many﹣worlds interpretation．Now there's a new theory on the block，called the "many interacting worlds" hypothesis （假设）（MIW），and the idea is just as profound as it sounds．The theory suggests not only parallel worlds exist，but that they interact with our world on the quantum level and are thus detectable．Though still speculative （推测的），the theory may help to finally explain some of the bizarre consequences inherent in quantum mechanics．The theory is a spinoff of the many﹣worlds interpretation in quantum mechanics﹣an assumption that all possible alternative histories and futures are real，each representing an actual，though parallel，world．One problem with the many﹣worlds interpretation，however，has been that it is fundamentally untestable，since observations can only be made in our world．Happenings in these proposed "parallel" worlds can thus only be imagined．MIW，however，says otherwise．It suggests that parallel worlds can interact on the quantum level，and in fact that they do．"The idea of parallel universes in quantum mechanics has been around since 1957，" explained Howard Wiseman，a physicist at Griffith University in Brisbane，Australia，and one of the physicists to come up with MIW．"In the well﹣known ‘Many﹣Worlds Interpretation'，each universe branches into a bunch of new universes every time a quantum measurement is made．All possibilities are therefore realized ﹣in some universes the dinosaur﹣killing asteroid （小行星）missed Earth．In others，Australia was colonized by the Portuguese．""But critics question the reality of these other universes，since they do not influence our universe at all，" he added．"On this score，our ‘Many Interacting Worlds' approach is completely different，as its name implies．"Wiseman and colleagues have proposed that there exists "a universal force of repulsion between ‘nearby'（i．e．similar）worlds，which tends to make them more dissimilar．" Quantum effects can be explained by factoring in this force，they propose．When asked about whether their theory might imply that humans could someday interact with other worlds，Wiseman said："It's not part of our theory．But the idea of humaninteractions with other universes is no longer pure fantasy．"What might your life look like if you made different choices？Maybe one day you'll be able to look into one of these alternative worlds and find out．（1）According to Paragraph 1﹣2，which of the following statements is true about quantum mechanics？A．It's been tested that no one in the world knows what quantum mechanics is．B．The theory of quantum mechanics is intuition（直觉）based．C．Quantum theories should be interpreted in many different ways．D．Quantum mechanics is valid and based on profound research．（2）According to paragraph 3﹣5，the new theory "MIW" differs from the previous one in that．A．MIW develops from quantum mechanicsB．MIW suggests the interaction can be detectedC．The previous one is based on profound foundationD．The previous one proves that MIW is imagined（3）According to the passage，critics of parallel universes and its supporters mainly disagrees in．A．the origin of these parallel universesB．the foundation of these universesC．the reality of these other universesD．the ways of how these parallel universes interact（4）The last sentence of the last paragraph implies that．A．someday humans may live in different universes in one lifetimeB．humans may make different choices simultaneously （同时地）and live in different universesC．humans may live again from the beginning if they regret their life in this universeD．life would be more unexpected，but all you expect may be true in other universes Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two moresentences than you need.20．（8分）Shanghai Hengyuanxiang Drama Development Company and Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer （《犹太人在上海》）become the first Chinese musical to have an open﹣ended run on Broadway in 2019．（1）Directed by Xu Jun，Shimmer is a musical in both English and Chinese．Shimmer，which tells a story about Jews who fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution （迫害）during World War II，was first shown at the Shanghai Culture Square in 2015．（2）The musical's scheduled open﹣ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States．With this play being shown on Broadway，the ties between Chinese people and Americans will be firmly strengthened．And through this drama，the audience can feel the charm of Chinese culture．（3）To deal with the problem，many production companies in Shanghai have pointed out that they should keep striving for improvement by creating more Chinese musicals and by creating more audiences．Currently，those who watch Western musicals in China are limited to a small group ﹣people who have received a university education or have had overseas working experiences，white﹣collar and even gold﹣collar workers．There are onlya handful of people who understand foreign languages and you have to find a way to motivatethe public and get them into the theater．（4）There has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai．The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia，both of which had hundreds of shows across China，are among the top box office hits．Summary Writing21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．Gossip"Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday？" Lindsey whispers to Tori．With her eyes shining，Tori brags，"You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago．"Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me．Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip．An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about．Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic﹣breakups，trouble at home﹣thata person would rather keep secret．The more embarrassing the secret is，the juicier the gossipit makes．Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie．People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain．If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us．Sharing the latest rumor can makea person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't．Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the "in group"．In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority．Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act．Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group．For instance，if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention．The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook．The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation．The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your "juicy story"might have．TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）新来的员工经验不足，在解决顾客投诉时遇到了麻烦．（have trouble）23．（3分）医生向病人保证，只要他按时服药就没有大碍．（assure）24．（4分）尽管日程安排很紧，他还是报名参加了他同事推荐的那个课程．（despite）25．（5分）直到妻子与他离了婚，他才意识到他应该多抽一些时间陪伴家人，而不是一心只有工作．（until）Guided Writing26．（20分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．目前中国的移动支付（mobile payment）非常盛行，越来越多的年轻人选择使用移动支付，有的人认为移动支付给人们带来了便利，而有些人认为这种方式存在安全隐患．请你谈谈对这一现象的看法．内容包括：1．简要描述你或你身边的人在日常生活中使用移动支付的现象．2．通过与传统方式的比较，谈谈移动支付给人们带来的利与弊．（参考词汇：微信Wechat；支付宝：Alipay；二维码QR code）2019年上海市金山区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．【解答】C2．【解答】C3．【解答】B4．【解答】C5．【解答】B6．【解答】D7．【解答】C8．【解答】A9．【解答】B10．【解答】ASection BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.11．【解答】BCA12．【解答】ABC13．【解答】DDAAGrammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．【解答】1．when．考查连词，该句是when引导的定语从句，先行词是time，在定语从句中做时间状语，故填关系副词when．2．better．考查比较级，下次考试表现更好，表示比较，故填better．3．no matter how．考查让步状语从句，不论某事让我们感觉多么好，故填no matter how．4．where．考查连词，where引导的地点状语从句，回到开始的地方，故填where．5．quoted．考查非谓语，quote与example是动宾关系，故填过去分词做定语，故填quoted．6．against．考查介词，a weapon against：对抗某物的武器，故填against．7．are experienced．考查语态，that引导的定语从句，先行词是changes，故从句谓语动词使用复数形式，被经历，故填are experienced．8．if．考查连词，如果你能够处理，if引导条件状语从句，故填if．9．that．考查连词，it is…that的强调句，强调中间的内容，故填that．10．trying．考查spend time doing sth：花费时间做某事，故填trying．Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．【解答】I H F A K G D J E C1．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，纽约大学（New York University）去年的一项研究发现，喜欢艾米纳姆（Eminem）的《迷失自我》（Lose Yourself）和贾斯汀•比伯（Justin Bieber）的《你是什么意思？》在精神变态量表上得分高的人比陷入困境的人要高．故选I．2．H．句意理解题．根据句意可知，在过去几年里，Spotify一直在努力提高其数据分析能力．故选H．3．F．句意理解题．根据句意可知，过去几年来，Spotify一直在增强其数据分析能力，试图帮助营销人员根据消费者的情绪定制广告，以锁定消费者．故选F．4．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，他们从你正在听的音乐类型，以及你在哪里、什么时候听音乐，以及第三方可能提供的数据中推断出这一点．故选A．5．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，现在，需要明确的是，Spotify对你的数据的处理并没有什么特别棘手的地方．故选K．6．G．句意理解题．根据" I certainly don't think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war "可知，我当然不认为他们是在与影子咨询公司合作，为你播放宣传文化战争的广告，而你却在听那些暗示你可能处于偶然的种族主。
上海市2019年高考英语模拟试卷及答案
上海市英语高考模拟试卷(一）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (10%)Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will he asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $11. B. $6. C. $4. D. $7.2. A. An appointment. B. A surprise party. C. A picnic. D. A concert.3. A. In a bank. B. At an airport. C. At a station. D. In a post office.4. A. Happy. B. Regretful. C. Disappointed. D. Sad.5. A. The class usually begins at three.B. Pro fessor Smith didn’t have class today.C. The woman’s class was allowed to leave ahead of time.D. The woman wasn’t with the others.6. A. A cup of tea is enough. B. She doesn’t like tea.C. She wants another cup of tea.D. She doesn’t know why she likes tea.7. A. She is much surprised. B. She is very excited.C. She is unhappy.D. She is amused.8. A. Come back again to apply for the job.B. Think about whether she should quit her job.C. Get some training before she quits her job.D. Apply for an additional part-time job.9. A. They are studying hard for finals.B. The school year seems to go by very quickly.C. They’ve been in school for a few weeks.D. Even though finals are over, they still have to study for a few weeks.10. A. He went home early. B. He went to see Mary.C. He was badly hurt.D. He came home later than expected.Section B (15%)Directions ： In Section B，you will hear two passages and one Longer conversation. After each passage and conversation，you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide -which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The layout of the laboratory. B. A laboratory experiment.C. The workbook for the laboratory course.D. A piece of equipment.12. A. The activities are to be done during class.B. The activities take less time.C. No equipment is needed for the activities.D. Few instructions are given for the activities.13. A. After the first laboratory experiment.B. When the students need to be motivated.C. At the beginning of the semester.D. When the students have done good work.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The streets of London were full of rich people.B. Both his parents were dead.C. The streets of London were covered with gold.D. He was an orphan.15. A. He sent goods to trade in Africa. B. He sold his cat.C. He found a job with a rich merchant.D. He found some gold.16. A. Because Dick was made Lord Mayor of London.B. Because Dick became a close friend of the King of England.C. Because Dick traded a lot of goods.D. Because Dick became rich.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Her story of completing a task. B. Her experience of being lost.C. Her trip abroad.D. Her success in career.18. A. Met his friends. B. Attended a lecture.C. Gave a performance.D. Had a trip.19. A. By following a man. B. By looking at a map.C. By asking an old woman.D. By asking the policeman for help.20. A. He cannot stand the noise in the bar. B. He has a poor memory.C. He doesn't speak German.D. He doesn’t like to wear T-shirts.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10%)Directions ： After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given "word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word ； for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.The British actress, Emma Watson, finally got to bring her childhood hero to life. She played the beautiful Belle in Disney’s new live-action version of its classic animation (动画片) Beauty and the Beast. Watson also sang in the film -- the first time she (21) ____ (do) so in her career.To be able to play (22) ____ role，Watson turned down the offer of La La Land, (23) ____ ended up winningsix awards, (24) ____ Best Actress，at this year's Oscars.However, she doesn't regret it. She told Vanity Fair that she believes the movie says something important that people (25) ____ hear.(26) ____ (see) the kind-hearted Belle as a better role model than La La Land’s career-obsessed (沉迷于事业的）Mia，Watson happily took on this character. But (27) ____ (build) her own version of Belle, Watson had a hand in shaping the character. In the original Disney movie, Belle is an assistant to her inventor father, (28) ____ the remake sees her as a creator in her own right.Not content with being a global movie star, Watson also spends time being creative elsewhere. Her house is full of paintings that she created (29) ____. One in particular stands out—a self-portrait (自画像）of her holding a camera. Her work wouldn't be (30) ____ place hanging on the wall of a New York art gallery.Section B (10%)Directions： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Zalmanovich family, from Hod HaSharon, Israel, has told of their anger after they were told to leave the plane and had their return tickets cancelled without a refund.The drama (31) ____ as eight-year-old Yaheli Zalmanovich began to sob uncontrollably minutes before the family’s connecting flight from Zurich to Geneva was (32) ____ to take-off. There were no problems on the flight from Tel Aviv and despite his parents’ best efforts, the boy could not be calmed down.His mother, Noa, told the Israel Hayom newspaper that Swiss air cabin (33) ____ apologized to other passengers and did not ask the family if they needed help, even though the boy vomited on himself. They were soon told they would have to leave the plane and miss their flight to Geneva，where relatives were waiting for them, she said.Mrs. Zalmanovich told the newspaper：“They (34) ____ kicked us off the flight. We were left with our luggage, (35) ____ and humiliated. It was 10 p. m. and luckily we were able to catch the last train to Gen eva. ”“In an age when one in every 68 children is (36) ____ as being on the autistic(患自闭症的）spectrum, I would expect a slightly more understanding response from a company that calls itself a luxury airline. ”Making matters worse for the family, they were declared a “no show” for the connecting flight and as a result their return tickets were cancelled and they were not (37) ____ to a refund, she added.A Swissair spokesman told MailOnline Travel：“We are aware of this deeply regrettable (38)____. We are still clarifying exactly what happened and why with all the (39) ____ involved, so we are unable to make any further comment at the present time. But I can assure you that our staff in Tel Aviv are in close contact with the family (40) ____.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15%)Directions ： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A , B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An arts program is helping students at some of the lowest performing schools in the United States.China recently launched a diplomatic and economic development campaign called “One Belt, One Road”.The name comes from the “Silk Road” -- the (41) ____ system of roads that linked China with Central Asia and other areas. Traders used those paths centuries ago to transport Chinese silk, spices and other goods to the West. (42) ____，China received gold, ivory, glass and other products from as far away as Europe.Chinese President Xi Jinping says the One Belt, One Road program is aimed at (43) ____ international cooperation. But former American officials and some business leaders have expressed (44) ____. They say China is not as interested in opening up to foreigners as it claims.China’s plan is to build ports，railroad links, roads and other infrastructure across Asia, Africa and Europe. The Reuters news agency reports the project is depending (45) ____ on two lenders，the China Development Bank and the Export-Import Bank of China. It says they have already provided $ 200 billion in loans to countries throughout Asia，the Middle East and Africa.At a recent conference in Beijing, President Xi described the effort as a win-win situation for the countries and companies (46) ____ in the project.Because of the business climate in China, the country is (47) ____ considered a top investment choice for a growing number of foreign companies. This was the finding of a study- done by The American Chamber of Commerce in China.William Zarit is head of the trade group. “… some companies are looking back to North America where especially energy (48) ____ are much lower, and perhaps labor is not that great a (49) ____ in their manufacturing product. ”Observers note that China no longer depends on foreign technology and investments (50) ____ it once did.(51) ____，they say，Chinese officials are less concerned about companies leaving the country. But some critics say China may pay a price for (52) ____ investment because of the government’s policies.Ted Moran studies ( 53 ) ____ issues for the Peterson Institute for International Economics.“China is already such a huge presence on the world economic stage, so I’m not predicting any kind of (54) ____，I just think that there will be much slower grow th and much less robust growth over the next decade.”While China’s president spoke about inclusiveness at the recent conference, some American companies remain concerned that it may be more talk than (55) ____.41. A. domestic B. ancient C. foreign D. modern42. A. In result B. In reward C. In exchange D. In fact43. A. strengthening B. defending C. preventing D. establishing44. A. enthusiasm B. concern C. interest D. excitement45. A. heavily B. nearly C. luckily D. likely46. A. introduced B. enrolled C. engaged D. involved47. A. in particular B. no longer C. at any cost D. by the way48. A. conservations B. costs C. efficiencies D. consumptions49. A. instance B. factor C. phenomenon D. event50. A. as B. though C. but D. unless51. A. For example B. By the way C. In any case D. For that reason52. A. shrinking B. increasing C. expanding D. rising53. A. environmental B. physical C. economic D. political54. A. entertainment B. luck C. fortune D. disaster55. A. resistance B. resource C. substance D . conferenceSection B (22%)Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)My guide Farah, a tall, slim woman in her late 30s，wears jeans and a simple manteaux -- the required robe women must wear in public, covering neck to knee. Her long, straight black hair is hidden beneath her headscarf, but visible as it curls at her neck.We’re heading to Tajrish Bazaar, in north Tehran (capital of Iran)，to explore 10 different kinds of dried plums, and other goodies. We choose the Metro—Farah for its convenience, and I，for a chance to go underground in Tehran, because it provides a picture of the city most tourists never see.It's mid-morning. Women and men sit separately, but the rule relaxes during busy times, like now. We, along with a few other women, clasp our hands around a pole, standing next to men, young and old in the air-conditioned, modern carriage. Two stops later, and about 20 commuters fewer, segregation happens naturally -- women at one end, men at the other, still within view, but separate.A handful of fashionable girls admire their own reflections in the window. They wear tight leggings under their brightly coloured robes, pushing back headscarves and boundaries. We find seats next to a group of conservative women dressed in black cloaks called chador. They’re nothing like t he other women I have met, a sisterhood of outspoken opinions, most of them liberal. “We are a nation with one language,” Farah says, “divided in two—-traditional and modern. ” Farah tells me it all began, not with imports from the West, but with the 1979 revolution. A combination of access, education and a bad economy created a society where women now have independence, careers and husbands happy to help around the house with chores and children*56. We are setting out for Tajrish Bazaar most probably at __________.A. 3 a. m.B. 1 p. m.C. 10 a. m.D. 5 p. m.57. Why did the author choose to take the subway?A. Because it’s cheap.B. Because it’s convenient.C. Because she can see more beautiful women on the subway.D. Because it offers her an opportunity to see a different city from what most tourists see58. What does the underlined word segregation in the 3rd paragraph probably mean?A. isolationB. disasterC. departureD. combination59. What can we learn from the passage?A. Women in Iran must wear manteau in public.B. Fashionable girls can dress as freely as they like.C. Iran is divided in two parts by the western forces.D. Men in Iran won't help with the housework.(B)Last week Amazon announced Word Runner, a new tool for reading Kindle books. Word Runner is a software update that shows one word at a time, instead of words, sentences and paragraphs on one page.Amazon says Word Runner was developed to make reading faster. By seeing one word at a time on the screen, you will not lose your place on the page. It may help you to focus on what you are reading.Opinions about Word Runner are mixed. Carmen Blyth, Ph. D.， and a teacher of English as a Second Language (ESL), says Word Runner is not optimal reading.In the Ki ndle Forums at Amazon, a commenter called CB Retriever says, “Thanks，but that absolutely will not work for me as I too do lines and blocks of text at a time __ I think the last time I read word by word was back when I was learning to read. ”Len Edgerly, business journalist and host of The Kindle Chronicles podcast, had a chance to try out Word Runner. In his podcast, Edgerly said that Word Runner is “a dramatically different way to read”.BrakeYou can pause Word Runner by tapping the pause button, called Brake. Brake lets you move words forward and backward. You can go back and re-read words using Brake.AvailabilityAccording to Amazon, Word Runner will be available soon for some English-language books on the Kindle app for Android devices and on Fire tablets.Word Runner will work with select English-language Kindle books from Amazon sites inall countries, says an Amazon representative. Amazon has not yet said whether Word Runner will be coming to the Kindle app for iPhone and iPad.Dynamic PacingWor d Runner uses a feature called “Dynamic Pacing” to adjust the speed around complicated words. Dynamic Pacing automatically slows the speed of Word Runner for complicated words, punctuation, and paragraph breaks. It makes changes based on the natural rhythm of your reading.60. In CB Retriever’s opinion, _____________.A. Word Runner provides one with necessary information to understand what he is readingB. good readers can read four words at a timeC. Word Runner is not so practical for him as he reads lines and blocks of text at a timeD. Word Runner is “a dramatically different way to read”61. From the passage, we can draw the conclusion that ___________.A. Word Runner will soon be available for iPhone and iPadB. Word Runner will work with all English language books in all countriesC Word Runner is a software which updates one word at a timeD. people will soon be able to use Word Runner to read some English-language books on Android devices and Fire tablets62. “Dynamic Pacing” is designed to _________.A. regulate the speed of readingB. quicken the speed of reading something easyC. let you move words forward and backwardD. allow you to see all of the words on a page on your screen(C)Steve Jobs was 52 when he announced the iPhone. That was in 2007. Years later, the Apple co-founder introduced the MacBook Air, App Store and iPad. Tim Cook, who was 51 when he took over from Jobs, is building on his legacy. They both shattered a myth that the young rule the technology industry.Silicon Valley's ve nture capitalists speak openly of their bias toward the young. “People under 35 are the people who make change happen；people over 45 basically die in terms of new ideas,” Vinod Khosla, a prominent investor, said at a conference.The result of this bias is that older entrepreneurs often are ignored while younger entrepreneurs receive attention and funding. This is hurting the venture-capital system as well as Silicon Valley—because the stereotypes are flawed.Research on successful technology firms looked only at companies that had made it out of the garage and were making at least $ 1 million in profits. The research revealed that the average and medium age of their founders was 39. Twice as many were older than 50 as were younger than 25. And twice as many were older than 60 as were younger than 20. In a follow- up project, we studied the backgrounds of 549 successful entrepreneurs in 12 high-growth industries. The average and medium age of male founders in this group was 40，and a significant proportion were older than 50.There are lots of young founders in Silicon Valley, some of whom drop out of school to start their companies. The vast majority of these start-ups fail, however, because there is no substitute for experience and knowledge. These come with age.Young entrepreneurs surely have an advantage in social media and app building. They understand these new technologies better than their parents do because they have grown up using them. It is also easier to write code for a cellphone than to learn how to motivate and inspire employees, manage finances and market products. But building a business requires all of those skills. That is why older entrepreneurs have more success. As baby boomers become as familiar with Internet and mobile technologies as their children are，they surely will give the youngsters a run for their money. They also have greater buying power and a better understanding of the markets for the next generation of technologies.That is why we need to get beyond the stereotypes and realize that baby boomers are going to better the world.63. Which age group might the baby boomers belong to?A. Under 20.B. 20 to 30.C. 35 to 45.D. 55 to 65.64. From the passage, we can infer that ________.A. people in their 50s are absolutely unable to come up with new ideasB. the average and medium age of the founders of technology firms was 50C. some young founders in Silicon Valley quit school to start their companiesD. younger people tend to have a better understanding of the markets than old ones65. All the following statements explain why older entrepreneurs are more successful in building a business EXCEPT that _____.A. they are more experienced and knowledgeableB. they know how to motivate and inspire employees, manage finances and market productsC. they have greater buying power than younger onesD. they are more familiar with Internet and mobile technologies66. What is the passage mainly about?A. Why baby boomers are an important part of technology's future.B. Some Silicon Valley's venture capitalists speak openly of their bias toward the young.C. The young have an advantage in social media and app building than the old.D. The young rule the technology industry.Section C (8%)Directions ： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Environmental pollution kills 1. 7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia. This is according to the WHO. (67) ____ This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.(68) ____ The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6. 5 million premature, or early, deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600, 000 deaths of children under age five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor, according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira. (69) ____ And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, but the children who are around mothers -- they are exposed as well. ” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk ofchronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, stroke and cancer later in life.Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big- picture goal. The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.(70) ____ The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions：•Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.•Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.•Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.•Wear high-grade, rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.•Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.IV. Summary Writing (10%)Directions： Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point is) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Optimism and pessimism represent your general attitude toward certain situations or to life in general. And your attitude about life may be more important to living than you think.A new study suggests that people who are optimistic may live longer than those who are pessimistic. Researchers at Harvard Un iversity’s School of Public Health in Boston compared women with “a general expectation that good things will happen” to women who were less optimistic. They found that the optimists had a much lower risk of getting several deadly diseases, including cancer, heart disease, stroke, respiratory disease and certain types of infection.Eric Kim, one of the study leaders, says optimism is connected with healthier behaviors and healthier ways of dealing with difficulty. Optimists tend to take better care of themselves by exercising, eating healthy foods and getting enough sleep.When compared to the least optimistic women in the study, the optimistic women had：•an almost forty percent lower risk of dying from heart disease, stroke and respiratory disease• a fifty percent lower risk of dying from infection•and a sixteen percent lower risk of dying from cancerLeslie Ralph, a clinical psychologist and counselor at the University of Arizona in Tucson, has several ideas about how to increase optimism.She says each night plan to do two or three simple, enjoyable activities the next day, such as watching the sun rise, visiting a friend, dancing to a favorite song or reading a story with your child.She also suggests that if your day starts badly, simply close your eyes for a moment and take a deep breath. When you open your eyes, imagine your day has started over. It’s like having your own restart button.Offering praise or support to someone can also improve your own outlook. A smile and “thank you” from another person may help you feel more optimistic.V. Translation (15%)Directions ： Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.72. 两天之后他才回我短信。
2019届上海市金山区高三上学期期末质量监控(一模)英语试题(word版)
金山区2018-2019学年第一学期质量监控高三英语试卷(时间120分钟，分值140分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. 200.B. 300.C. 400.D. 600.【答案】CW: How many students took the HSK test last month?M: Well, 600 had registered, but only two thirds turned up.Q: How many students took the HSK test last month?2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. At a bus stop.B. At home.C. At the airport.D. At a supermarket.【答案】CM: Welcome to shanghai. May I see your passport and papers, please?W: Okay, here you are.Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
金山高考一模英语试卷
一、写作（共25分）1. 请根据以下提示，写一篇短文，不少于100词。
提示：假设你是一名即将参加高考的学生，请你写一封信给你的父母，表达你对他们的感激之情，并说明你将如何回报他们的养育之恩。
2. 请根据以下提示，写一篇短文，不少于100词。
提示：最近，你所在的社区举办了一次环保活动，你作为志愿者参加了此次活动。
请描述一下活动的经过，并谈谈你的感受。
二、听力（共25分）1. 听短文，选择正确答案。
A. The speaker is a teacher.B. The speaker is a student.C. The speaker is a parent.2. 听对话，回答问题。
Q: What is the woman's job?A. A doctor.B. A teacher.C. A nurse.3. 听短文，回答问题。
Q: Why did the man decide to change his job?A. He wanted to earn more money.B. He wanted to work in a better environment.C. He wanted to have more free time.三、阅读理解（共30分）1. 阅读下列文章，回答问题。
文章：In recent years, online shopping has become increasingly popular. Many people prefer shopping online because it is convenient, fast, and cost-effective. However, some people still prefer traditional shopping methods, such as visiting stores or shopping centers. What do you think is the best way to shop?2. 阅读下列文章，回答问题。