雅思阅读机经类8
(完整word版)剑桥雅思8阅读理解解析含翻译
剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读部分-PASSAGE 1-阅读真题原文部分:READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Striking Back at Lightning With LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States' power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets, ' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1, 200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved, 'says Bernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn't supposed to go. ' And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? 'What goes up must come down, ' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500, 000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun)would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it's a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels's system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. 'I cannot say I have money yet, but I'm working on it, ' says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he's hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts 'an avalanche of interest and support' if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing 100, 000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning 'switch' at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of 'interactive meteorology' - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it. 'If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather, ' he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we'll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces. 'We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning, ' he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Questions 1-3Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 The main topic discussed in the text isA the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.B the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.C a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.D a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.2 According to the text, every year lightningA does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.B kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.C kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.D damages more than 100 American power companies.3 Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New MexicoA receive funds from the same source.B are using the same techniques.C are employed by commercial companies.D are in opposition to each other.Questions 4-6Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet.4 EPRI receives financial support from………………………….5 The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used……………….6 The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its……………….Questions 7-10Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.In this method, a laser is used to create a line of ionisation by removing electrons from 7 …………………………. This laser is then directed at 8 …………………………in order to control electrical charges, a method which is less dangerous than using 9 …………………………. As a protection for the lasers, the beams are aimed firstly at 10………………………….A cloud-zappersB atomsC storm cloudsD mirrorsE techniqueF ionsG rockets H conductors I thunderQuestions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this11 Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.12 Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.13 Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels's system.READING PASSAGE 1篇章结构体裁说明文主题用激光回击闪电结构第1段：闪电带来的危害第2段：科研人员正在研究回击闪电的方法第3段：先前的闪电回击术介绍第4段：火箭回击术的缺陷第5段：更安全的激光回击术第6段：激光回击术的技术原理第7段：激光回击术的缺陷第8段：通过实地实验改进激光回击术第9段：激光回击术对其他学科也有益处第10段：激光回击术的其他用途解题地图难度系数：★★★解题顺序：按题目顺序解答即可友情提示：烤鸭们注意：本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变，解题要小心；MULTIPLE CHOICE的第三题是个亮点，爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉。
雅思阅读8大阅读题型介绍
雅思阅读8大阅读题型介绍雅思阅读的题型分类业界并不统一，不过一般可以认为其包括8类。
我给大家带来了雅思阅读8大阅读题型介绍，盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
雅思阅读8大阅读题型介绍雅思阅读题型之一、段落标题(paragraphheadings)在做雅思阅读文章的时候，一般是10个选项，其中包括1-2个段落其标题的例子。
要求依据段落中的内容找出与其相匹配的段落标题。
正式考试中一般1个选项只能用于1个段落。
雅思阅读题型之二、辨别正误题型(True/false/notgiven)该题型会涉及到：(notgiven/notmentioned)没有提到，有时还会消失下列提法accurat/inaccurat精确/不精确;supported/contradicted全都/不全都。
correct/incorrect正确与不正确。
辨别正误题型属于比较难的题型。
通常消失在阅读测试中的第3或第4部分。
规定时间内假如我们完成不能答题，可以选择依据规律猜想。
这个方法在回答辨别正误(True;false;notgiven)题型时很有效。
由于时间有限，许多题是通过此规律猜想得出正确答案。
雅思阅读题型之三、回答问题(short-answerquestiontasks)回答问题是依据所给文章或图表回答问题。
雅思阅读考试中中通常是消失what、which、when、where、who、whose、whom、why、how等单词。
这些单词有时会在答题指引中将所提问题列出。
回答问题答题步骤：1.认真查看答题指引，了解回答何种问题。
2.查看例句，确定答题方式。
3.要确定问句的种类，一般疑问句可按正常形式回答，假如是选择疑问句或者是以wh/how开头的问句就肯定要详细回答。
4.认真理解问句所提问题。
5.特殊要留意问句中所提问题的关键词语(例如：单数、复数)，以及问句中表明数量、时间、地点的词语。
6.将问句中的关键词语与文章中相关句子中的词语进行匹配。
机经7月8日雅思考试内容回忆
机经7月8日雅思考试内容回忆7月8日考情分析，阅读部分出现了大量令考生望而生畏的配对题。
像第三篇关于减小班级规模的文章中，14道题目全部为配对题。
这就需要大家平时在练习时还是多从文章的结构入手，提高解题速度。
详情请参看正文~听力一、考试概述：今天Section 1和Section 4两个部分依然是填空类的题目，Section 2没有出现地图题，Section 3目前待补充。
Section 1 咨询——爬山的课程咨询，10表格Section 2 介绍——如何节约家庭能源，5单选 5多选Section 3 （待补充）Section 4 社科——教室建材，10填空二、具体题目分析：Section 1新旧情况：V06104场景：咨询——爬山的课程咨询题型：10表格参考答案：1-10）table(答案仅供参考)解析：比较少见的section 1 出现全部表格类题目，定位需要注意左右两个格子相互之间的信息。
参考练习：C9T3S1Section 2新旧情况：V14275场景：介绍——如何节约家庭能源题型：5单选 5多选11-15) 单选11. A. will start soon12. switch off appliance completely13. which to pay more satisfying: pay on internet14. suggest for avoiding the road traffic: double layer glass15. cannot distinguish electricity and gas16. not suitable for her house17-20) 多选17-18) 介绍water saving的技巧？often take shower than bathturn off tap water19-20) how to save electricity?use more computer than laptops to watch movieschange the bulb(答案仅供参考)解析：总体来说需要注意题干信息出现了以后再听取选项内容是否要进行同意替换和干扰信息排除。
剑桥雅思八阅读详解TEST1234整合原创版
剑桥雅思八阅读详解TEST1READING PASSAGE 1 计时器发展史段落配对题1, 排除全文都含有的关键词“TIME KEEPING”哪里都有就不是关键词“cold temperature”回答原文中找答案。
D段结尾”often freezing weather of”同义重现。
2，如果题目中定语和修饰成分太长，则把关键词落在靠后的位置，做题就比较有效。
关键词“Calendar, farming” B段出现了两个原形重现，很容易选出。
3，关键词pendulum（clock），origin’s段倒数第2行”a pendulum clock had been devised”.发明制造出来。
4，”(calculate) uniform hours”. E段第2行”to keeping equal ones”上半句提到了”one”指的就是”hours””；”equal”的意思就是uniform”.5，答案B。
原文分为两大部分ABC第一部分讨论的是”calendar”一年之内的计时器，DEFGH第二部分讨论的是一天之内计时器clock。
所以第五第八题三选二，很好做。
6，答案E。
“two equal hakves” 原文在本段最后一句7，答案G. 关键词”new shape”原文第二行” was a lever based devise shaped like a ship’s anchor.”8,答案A。
关键词”organize-event-schedule”原文第三行”co-ordinate activities…plant-regulate.”9-13题。
该题型为100%集中在了某一段找答案；图上有标题“1670”就是关键词。
很快即可定义在G段。
注意：答案小于等于2个词9，resembling好像…一样shape like答案：ship’s anchor(第二行)10，escape wheel11，tooth 第四行12，long pendulum13, second倒数第二行。
剑桥雅思阅读解析8（test2）
剑桥雅思阅读解析8(test2)店铺为大家整理收集了剑桥雅思阅读8真题解析：test2阅读原文解析，希望对各位考生的备考有所帮助,祝每位烤鸭考试顺利，都能取得好成绩!剑桥雅思阅读8原文(test2)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Sheet glass manufacture:the float processGlass, which has been made since the time of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, is little more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime. When heated to about 1500 degrees Celsius (℃) this becomes a molten mass that hardens when slowly cooled. The first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning. This method was very effective as the glass had not touched any surfaces between being soft and becoming hard, so it stayed perfectly unblemished, with a 'fire finish'. However, the process took a long time and was labour intensive.Nevertheless, demand for flat glass was very high and glassmakers across the world were looking for a method of making it continuously. The first continuous ribbon process involved squeezing molten glass through two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle. This allowed glass of virtually any thickness to be made non-stop, but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked, and these would then need to be ground and polished. This part of the process rubbed away around 20 per cent of the glass, and the machines were very expensive.The float process for making flat glass was invented by Alistair Pilkington. This process allows the manufacture of clear, tinted and coated glass for buildings, and clear and tinted glass for vehicles. Pilkington had been experimenting with improving the melting process, and in 1952 he had the idea of using a bed of molten metal to form the flat glass, eliminating altogether the need for rollers within the float bath. The metal had to melt at a temperature less than the hardening point of glass (about 600℃), but could not boil at a temperature below the temperature of the molten glass (about 1500℃). The best metal for the job was tin.The rest of the concept relied on gravity, which guaranteed that the surface of the molten metal was perfectly flat and horizontal. Consequently, when pouring molten glass onto the molten tin, the underside of the glass would also be perfectly flat. If the glass were kept hot enough, it would flow over the molten tin until the top surface was also flat, horizontal and perfectly parallel to the bottom surface. Once the glass cooled to 604℃ or less it was too hard to mark and could be transported out of the cooling zone by rollers. The glass settled to a thickness of six millimetres because of surface tension interactions between the glass and the tin. By fortunate coincidence, 60 per cent of the flat glass market at that time was for six-millimetre glass.Pilkington built a pilot plant in 1953 and by 1955 he had convinced his company to build a full-scale plant. However, it took 14 months of non-stop production, costing the company ￡100,000 a month, before the plant produced any usable glass. Furthermore, once they succeeded in making marketable flat glass, the machine was turned off for a service to prepare it for years of continuous production. When it started up again it took another four months to get the process right again. They finallysucceeded in 1959 and there are now float plants all over the world, with each able to produce around 1000 tons of glass every day, non-stop for around 15 years.Float plants today make glass of near optical quality. Several processes —melting, refining, homogenising —take place simultaneously in the 2000 tonnes of molten glass in the furnace. They occur in separate zones in a complex glass flow driven by high temperatures. It adds up to a continuous melting process, lasting as long as 50 hours, that delivers glass smoothly and continuously to the float bath, and from there to a coating zone and finally a heat treatment zone, where stresses formed during cooling are relieved.The principle of float glass is unchanged since the 1950s. However, the product has changed dramatically, from a single thickness of 6.8 mm to a range from sub-millimetre to 25 mm, from a ribbon frequently marred by inclusions and bubbles to almost optical perfection. To ensure the highest quality, inspection takes place at every stage. Occasionally, a bubble is not removed during refining, a sand grain refuses to melt, a tremor in the tin puts ripples into the glass ribbon. Automated on-line inspection does two things. Firstly, it reveals process faults upstream that can be corrected. Inspection technology allows more than 100 million measurements a second to be made across the ribbon, locating flaws the unaided eye would be unable to see. Secondly, it enables computers downstream to steer cutters around flaws.Float glass is sold by the square metre, and at the final stage computers translate customer requirements into patterns of cuts designed to minimise waste.Questions 1-8Complete the table and diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.Early methods of producing flat glassMethod Advantages Disadvantages1............Glass remained2........... ? Slow3.............RibbonCould produce glass sheets of varying 4.............non-stop process ? Glass was 5...........20% of glass rubbed awayMachines were expensive图片11Questions 9-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this9 The metal used in the float process had to have specific properties.10 Pilkington invested some of his own money in his float plant.11 Pilkington’s first full-scale plant was an instant commercial success.12 The process invented by Pilkington has now beenimproved.13 Computers are better than humans at detecting faults in glass.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Question 14-17Reading passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B and D-F from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Predicting climatic changesii The relevance of the Little Ice Age todayiii How cities contribute to climate change.iv Human impact on the climatev How past climatic conditions can be determinedvi A growing need for weather recordsvii A study covering a thousand yearsviii People have always responded to climate changeix Enough food at lastExample AnswerParagraph A Viii14 Paragraph BExample AnswerParagraph C V15 Paragraph D16 Paragraph E17 Paragraph FTHE LITTLE ICE AGEA This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I embark on that, let me provide a historical context. We tend to think of climate — as opposed to weather — as something unchanging, yet humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at least eight glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. Our ancestors adapted to the universal but irregular global warming since the end of the last great Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago, with dazzling opportunism. They developed strategies for surviving harsh drought cycles, decades of heavy rainfall or unaccustomed cold; adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionised human life; and founded the world's first pre-industrial civilisations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Americas. But the price of sudden climate change, in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.B The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth century. Only two centuries ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters; mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the lowest in recorded memory, and pack ice surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of the Little Ice Age did more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the current unprecedented global warming. The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, then switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters,and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.C Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now have hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout the northern hemisphere, and many from south of the equator, too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland, the Peruvian Andes, and other locations, we are close to a knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years.D This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during the past ten centuries, and some of the ways in which people in Europe adapted to them. Part One describes the Medieval Warm Period, roughly 900 to 1200. During these three centuries, Norse voyagers from Northern Europe explored northern seas, settled Greenland, and visited North America. It was not a time of uniform warmth, for then, as always since the Great Ice Age, there were constant shifts in rainfall and temperature. Mean European temperatures were about the same as today, perhaps slightly cooler.E It is known that the Little Ice Age cooling began in Greenland and the Arctic in about 1200. As the Arctic ice pack spread southward, Norse voyages to the west were rerouted into the open Atlantic, then ended altogether. Storminess increased in the North Atlantic and North Sea. Colder, much wetter weatherdescended on Europe between 1315 and 1319, when thousands perished in a continent-wide famine. By 1400, the weather had become decidedly more unpredictable and stormier, with sudden shifts and lower temperatures that culminated in the cold decades of the late sixteenth century. Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern. Dried cod and herring were already the staples of the European fish trade, but changes in water temperatures forced fishing fleets to work further offshore. The Basques, Dutch, and English developed the first offshore fishing boats adapted to a colder and stormier Atlantic. A gradual agricultural revolution in northern Europe stemmed from concerns over food supplies at a time of rising populations. The revolution involved intensive commercial farming and the growing of animal fodder on land not previously used for crops. The increased productivity from farmland made some countries self-sufficient in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against famine.F Global temperatures began to rise slowly after 1850, with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. Millions of hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and 1890, as intensive European farming methods expanded across the world. The unprecedented land clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global warming. Temperatures climbed more rapidly in the twentieth century as the use of fossil fuels proliferated and greenhouse gas levels continued to soar. The rise has been even steeper since theearly 1980s. The Little Ice Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by prolonged and steady warming. At the same time, extreme weather events like Category 5 hurricanes are becoming more frequent.Questions 18-22Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.Weather during the Little Ice AgeDocumentation of past weather conditions is limited: our main sources of knowledge of conditions in the distant past are 18...........and 19.................. We can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of 20.............. , rather than of consistent freezing. Within it there were some periods of very cold winters, other of 21...............and heavy rain, and yet others that saw 22................with no rain at all.A climatic shiftsB ice coresC tree ringsD glaciersE interactionsF weather observationsG heat waves H storms I written accountsQuestions 23-26Classify the following events as occurring during theA Medieval Warm PeriodB Little Ice AgeC Modern Warm PeriodWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.23 Many Europeans started farming abroad.24 The cutting down of trees began to affect the climate.25 Europeans discovered other lands.26 Changes took place in fishing patterns.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi The difficulties of talking about smellsii The role of smell in personal relationshipsiii Future studies into smelliv The relationship between the brain and the nosev The interpretation of smells as a factor in defining groups vi Why our sense of smell is not appreciatedvii Smell is our superior senseviii The relationship between smell and feelings27 paragraph A28 paragraph B29 paragraph C30 paragraph D31 paragraph E32 paragraph FThe meaning and power of smellThe sense of smell, or olfaction, is powerful. Odours affect us on a physical, psychological and social level. For the most part, however, we breathe in the aromas which surround us without being consciously aware of their importance to us. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason that we begin torealise the essential role the sense of smell plays in our sense of well-beingA A survey conducted by Anthony Synott at Montreal's Concordia University asked participants to comment on how important smell was to them in their lives. It became apparent that smell can evoke strong emotional responses. A scent associated with a good experience can bring a rush of joy, while a foul odour or one associated with a bad memory may make us grimace with disgust. Respondents to the survey noted that many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional associations. Such associations can be powerful enough so that odours that we would generally label unpleasant become agreeable, and those that we would generally consider fragrant become disagreeable for particular individuals. The perception of smell, therefore, consists not only of the sensation of the odours themselves, but of the experiences and emotions associated with them.B Odours are also essential cues in social bonding. One respondent to the survey believed that there is no true emotional bonding without touching and smelling a loved one. In fact, infants recognise the odours of their mothers soon after birth and adults can often identify their children or spouses by scent. In one well-known test, women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone clothing worn by their marriage partners from similar clothing worn by other people. Most of the subjects would probably never have given much thought to odour as a cue for identifying family members before being involved in the test, but as the experiment revealed, even when not consciously considered, smells register.C In spite of its importance to our emotional and sensorylives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures. The reason often given for the low regard in which smell is held is that, in comparison with its importance among animals, the human sense of smell is feeble and undeveloped. While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute. Our noses are able to recognise thousands of smells, and to perceive odours which are present only in extremely small quantities.D Smell, however, is a highly elusive phenomenon. Odours, unlike colours, for instance, cannot be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn't exist. ‘It smells like…,’ we have to say when describing an odour, struggling to express our olfactory experience. Nor can odours be recorded: there is no effective way to either capture or store them over time. In the realm of olfaction, we must make do with descriptions and recollections. This has implications for olfactory research.E Most of the research on smell undertaken to date has been of a physical scientific nature. Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the biological and chemical nature of olfaction, but many fundamental questions have yet to be answered. Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two — one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air. Other unanswered questions are whether the nose is the only part of the body affected by odours, and how smells can be measured objectively given the non-physical components. Questions like these mean that interest in the psychology of smell is inevitably set to play an increasingly important role for researchers.F However, smell is not simply a biological and psychologicalphenomenon. Smell is cultural, hence it is a social and historical phenomenon. Odours are invested with cultural values: smells that are considered to be offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smell is a means of, and model for, interacting with the world. Different smells can provide us with intimate and emotionally charged experiences and the value that we attach to these experiences is interiorised by the members of society in a deeply personal way. Importantly, our commonly held feelings about smells can help distinguish us from other cultures. The study of the cultural history of smell is, therefore, in a very real sense, an investigation into the essence of human culture.Questions 33-36Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.33 According to the introduction, we become aware of the importance of smell whenA we discover a new smell.B we experience a powerful smell.C our ability to smell is damaged.D we are surrounded by odours.34 The experiment described in paragraph BA shows how we make use of smell without realising it.B demonstrates that family members have a similar smell.C proves that a sense of smell is learnt.D compares the sense of smell in males and females.35 What is the write doing in paragraph C?A supporting other researchB making a proposalC rejecting a common beliefD describing limitations36 What does the write suggest about the study of smell in the atmosphere in paragraph E?A The measurement of smell is becoming more accurate.B Researchers believe smell is a purely physical reaction.C Most smells are inoffensive.D Smell is yet to be defined.Questions 37-40Complete the sentences below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.37 Tests have shown that odours can help people recognise the.......... belonging to their husbands and wives.38 Certain linguistic groups may have difficulty describing smell because they lack the appropriate ................ .39 The sense of smell may involve response to................ which do not smell, in addition to obvious odours.40 Odours regarded as unpleasant in certain.................are not regarded as unpleasant in others.剑桥雅思阅读8原文参考译文(test2)PASSAGE 1 参考译文：玻璃板制造：浮法工艺早在美索不达米亚时期和古埃及时期人们就开始制造玻璃，当时制作出的玻璃只不过是沙子、碳酸钠和石灰的混合物而已。
雅思阅读8分训练方法汇总
雅思阅读8分训练方法汇总第1篇：雅思阅读8分训练方法汇总阅读是雅思考试中非常重要的部分，很多考生阅读成绩不是很理想，在这方面考生们既要加强自己的词汇量和语法知识，同时也要掌握一定的技巧规律。
雅思栏目为大家带来雅思阅读8分训练方法总结，希望大家能有所收获!雅思阅读8分，光听就有有感觉，但是想要获取雅思阅读8分不是一件容易的事情。
在雅思考试中阅读成绩是听说读写最高的一科，但是平均分也就只有6.1分的样子，想要获得高分除了技巧之外刚发更为重要!小编给大家整理了雅思阅读8种练习方法，每个方法都有自己的侧重点，建议大家选择适合自己的方法多加练习，雅思阅读8分其实很简单。
第一种：模拟考试环境考过雅思的同学都知道，四科里面时间最紧的当属阅读部分，很多人都曾经发生过来不及做题的情况，如果想要在实践上面能够更好地掌控，计时少不了，所以大家再练习的时候尽量按照考试的时间进行分配，这样就知道时间的紧迫*!第二种：20分钟完成一篇文章对于第一次做雅思阅读同学来说，一下子做完三篇之后会有一种大脑被掏空的感觉，适度练习才是对自己最好的学习方法。
第三种：无时间限制完成3篇文章这样子做主要是为了提高自己的精读能力，不是为了做题而做题，能把题目读懂、吃透，每个词每个短语以及每个句式弄清楚了再去答题。
这种方式适用于备考时间较长的同学!第四种：没有时间限制完成一篇文章依旧还未完，继续阅读 >第2篇：四大雅思阅读高分基础训练的方法雅思阅读高分基础训练主要集中在词汇，句法，背景和结构上面。
只有在这四项上面的训练得到提高，雅思阅读的考试成绩才会有所提升。
那么我们如何进行雅思高分基础训练呢?四大雅思阅读高分基础训练一正确认识和有效提高词汇量。
雅思考试时间就是金钱，不可能一字一句毫无遗漏地读完。
所以专家提倡根据考试选材的常见类别进行相应的专题复习，加以一定的技巧，是可以在短期内有效提高单词的。
比如剑4test3中的火山一文，除了学习文中的词汇，还可以把滑坡landslide,海啸tsunami等词加以衔接，达到举一反三的效果。
雅思阅读8月机经总结及解析
Bernice 雅思阅读8月机经总结及解析8月2日考试分析：8月的第一场考试似乎并不怎么友善，三篇文章都是新题，题材方面涉及文史，自然和社会科学，不了解相关背景的同学可能会感觉相当吃力。
在题型方面，段落信息配对依然不出意料地出现在了试卷上，也再一次提醒大家在课堂上说过的“三座大山”需要重点练习。
本次考试判断和选择成了题型中的主力，尤其是选择，两篇文章都出现了选择题，而且还有文章主旨单选题来凑热闹。
要想拿下雅思阅读并取得好成绩，搞定选择题成了现在的趋势，希望烤鸭们平时多多练习。
文章分析：8月9日本次雅思阅读考试再现3新格局，三篇文章均为新题，文章题材涉及文史，社会科学，难度较大。
在题型方面，主旨配对和人名理论配对依旧是重点也是难点。
相比而言，本次考试判断和填空成了题型中的主力，尤其是填空，三篇文章都出现了填空题，而且第三篇文章还出现了有词库的摘要填空。
希望烤鸭们平时一定要多多练习高频题型，熟练把握并且控制做题节奏。
在话题方面，2014年以来，人文话题较往年居多，本年已考过绘画与个性的关系，博物馆，音乐，海岸雕塑和艺术的定义等，本次考试又考到了艺术话题。
建议烤鸭们平时增加对此类话题的文章的补充阅读；另外本年不止一定考到了新西兰的相关内容，本年已考过了除澳大利亚的古生物灭绝，更有新西兰的纺织业，木材产业，全球变暖，本次考试又涉及到了新西兰的路。
建议烤鸭们多关注新西兰以及澳洲的一些科普内容。
8月16日本场雅思阅读考试难度不大。
1.从话题来看，本场考试的话题有，动物和全球化，心理，都为旧话题，可以参考剑桥真题的相关文章。
2.从考试题型来看，涉及到摘要填空，是非无判断，段落细节信息匹配，单选和流程图填空。
其中判断题和摘要填空所占比重较大。
建议烤鸭们在备考时一定要注意对高频题型的熟练度，速度的把控和正确率的提升，流程图填空是雅思阅读的送分题，提醒考生合理分配时间，先易后难，抓住基本分数。
8月21日考试分析: 本次考试难度不大。
剑桥雅思8真题及解析Test2阅读
目录剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test2Passage1 (2)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test2Passage2 (6)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test2Passage3 (9)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test2Passage1 体裁：说明文主要内容：平板玻璃的制造发展历史。
结构：第 1 段 :最早的平板玻璃制作方法 :抽丝法。
第 2 段 :持续制造平板玻璃的另一种方法 :带状法。
第 3 段 :浮法玻璃制造法。
第 4 段 :浮法玻璃制造过程。
第 5 段 :浮法玻璃制造方法投入生产终至成功。
第 6 段 :浮法玻璃制造过程在现代得到改进。
第 7 段 :现代技术在生产过程的应用,产品质量大大提高。
第 8 段 :浮法玻璃切割由技术控制。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：Questions 1-5 ●题型归类 :Table名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：Questions 6-8 ●题型归类 :Diagram名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：题目解析 可先通过图中的 cooling zone 一词定位至文章第四段倒数第 4 行。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：考题解析Questions 9-13●题型归类 :TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 此题型可先看题目,将其中关键词划出,回到文章查找相关信息。
如果关键词只进行了同义替换,而逻辑未发生改变,则句子为 TRUE ;如果关键词中有一个词性质错误或者意义相反, 则为 FALSE ;如果关键词有一个消失,则为 NOT GIVEN。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：题目解析名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：玻璃片的生产 :浮法工艺玻璃是由沙子、苏打灰和石灰混合而成的,而且玻璃制造从美索不达米亚人和埃及人时期就已经开始了。
玻璃加热到 1500 摄氏度(°C)左右时变成了熔融体,慢慢冷却后就硬化了。
制成透明平板玻璃的第一个成功方法包括了旋转。
这种方法效果非常好,因为玻璃在软化和硬化的过程中没有接触任何外表,所以在火抛光时也毫无瑕疵。
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雅思阅读机经类8
考试日期： 10月27日
Reading Passage 1
Title: Intelligence
Question types:
TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN
Table completion
文章内容回顾智力的分类
题型难度分析
难度偏低，本文只有两种题型，且都是有顺序的题目，降低了做题难度。
是非无判断的
题量较大，在一定程度上降低了定位的难度。
题型技巧分析是非无判断题：
解题思路：
1. 关键词定位到原文中与题目出现重复的段落
2. 判断方式不包含任何逻辑推理
TRUE: 是原文中同义近义改写
FALSE: 对于原文信息的直接改写
NOT GIVEN: 原文没有信息，或经过原文信息不能直接推理出来3. 书写应该规范，大写全拼。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑桥5-3-2 Disappearing Delta 话题相似剑桥6-2-3 题型相似
Reading Passage 2
Title: Perfume hunting（重复 5月16日雅思考题）
Question types: Which paragraph contains the following information? TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN
填空
文章内容回顾讲香水的制作，科学家去马达加斯加发现新的香味，用于香水制造业。
英文原文阅读The Perfume Hunters
Sniffing out new smells for use in cosmetics and household products involves blood, sweat and plenty of insect repellent.
Tired, scratched and soaked in sweat, the hunters begin to think of turning back. Time is running out. Dusk is falling and they still haven't caught sight of their quarry. Suddenly they stop. One of the men lifts his head and sniffs. He knows they are close. He scans the undergrowth in the deepening gloom--and suddenly he spots what they have been looking for. There, hidden beneath some leaves at nose height is a tiny spike of flowers, the whole bunch no bigger than a thumbnail. Within minutes, the hunters have set their trap. All they have to do now is wait.
The hard work was worth it. The next morning, there in the trap is a rare
catch--a new sort of smell. For the men in the Madagascan forest are perfume hunters. And instead of rifles, they are armed with nothing more sinister than a few glass jars, a couple of pumps and some tubing which they will use to capture new and exciting fragrances to make our lives smell sweeter.
Ever since the unguentari plied their trade in ancient Rome, perfumers have had to keep abreast of changing fashions. These days they have several thousand ingredients to choose from when creating new scents, but there is always a demand for new combinations. The bigger the "palette" of smells, the better the perfumer's chance of creating something new and fashionable. Even with everyday products such as shampoo and soap, consumers are becoming increasingly fussy. Cheap, synthetic smells are out. Fresh, natural smells are in. And many of today's fragrances have to survive tougher treatment than ever before, resisting the destructive power of bleach or a high temperature wash cycle.
Chemists can now create new smells from synthetic molecules, but nature has been in the business far longer. Plants produce countless fragrant chemicals. Many are intended to attract pollinators. Others are produced for quite different purposes. The fragrant resins that ooze from wounds in a tree, for example, defend it against infection.
The island of Madagascar is an evolutionary hot spot; 85% of its plants are unique, making it an ideal source for novel fragrances. So last October an expedition, including Robin Clery, a chemist, and Claude Dir, a perfume company director, explored two contrasting landscapes in northern Madagascar. Their first stop was a remnant of rainforest in the national park of Montaigne d'Ambre. The second was the tiny uninhabited island of Nosy Hara off the northwest coast.
With some simple technology, borrowed from the pollution monitoring industry, and a fair amount of ingenuity, the perfume hunters bagged 20 promising new aromas in the Madagascan rainforest. Each day the team set out from their "hotel"--a wooden hut lit by kerosene lamps, and trailed up and down paths and animal tracks, exploring the thick vegetation up to 10 meters on either side of the trail. Some smells came from obvious places, often big showy flowers within easy reach. Others were harder to pin down. "Often it was the very small flowers that were much more interesting," says Clery.
In fact, some of the most promising fragrances were given off by resins that oozed from the bark of trees. Resins are the source of many traditional perfumes such as frankincense and myrrh. The most exciting resin that the。