【南京环球雅思阅读机经】2013年6月8日雅思阅读机经分析

2013年6月8日雅思阅读机经分析南京环球雅思名师：李冠群考试日期：2013年6月8日（本次考试解析题源来自于澳洲悉尼考场）Reading Passage 1Title: Indoor Air PollutionQuestion types:Short Answer SummaryTRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN文章内容回顾本篇文章为新文章，首次出现在雅思考试中。

内容：室内污染的一大来源为做饭产生的空气污染。

建议参考：剑桥真题5：The truth about environment了解污染类话题的背景词汇。

剑桥真题9：The history of the tortoise本篇真题的三个题型与本次考试的这一篇高度相似，建议参考解题规划。

原文拓展阅读1：DEVELOPMENT REPORT - Breathing Easier: The Art of Stove MakingMore than three billion people are at risk from indoor air pollution because of the heating or cooking fuels they use. Most live in Africa, India and China. They use biomass fuels like wood, crop waste, animal waste or coal. These solid fuels may be the least costly fuels available. But they are also a major cause of health problems and death.For more than thirty years, the Aprovecho Research Center has been designing cleaner, low-cost cooking stoves for the developing world. Dean Still is the director of the group which is based in the United States. He notes a World Health Organization estimate that more than one and a half million people a year die from breathing smoke from solid fuels. DEAN STILL: "And half of the people on planet Earth every day use wood or biomass for cooking. These are the people on Earth who have less money, and the richer people use oil and gas. It's been estimated that wood is running out more quickly than oil and gas. And so it is very important for the poorer people tohave very efficient stoves that protect their forests and that protect their health."Every year Aprovecho holds a "stove camp" at its testing station in Cottage Grove, Oregon. Engineers, inventors, students and others come together to design and test different methods and materials for improving stoves.Over the years, the group has made stoves using mud, bricks, sheet metal, clay, ceramics and old oil drums. Most of the stoves look like large, deep cooking pots. They have an opening at the bottom for the fire and a place on top to put a pot.In the late nineteen seventies, Aprovecho produced a popular stove called the Lorena. The Lorena was very good at reducing smoke and warming homes. But new tests years later found that it was not very efficient. The Lorena used twice as much wood as an open fire, and took much longer to heat food.Since then, Dean Still says they have experimented with countless other designs.DEAN STILL: "Our goal is to make a very inexpensive stove -- let's say five dollars -- that makes very, very little smoke, so it's safe for health, diminishes global warming and diminishes deforestation. And so it's an ongoing problem to work on." Aprovecho has now partnered with a stove manufacturer in China. The company is making Aprovecho's first mass produced stoves. They are said to use forty to fifty percent less wood than an open fire, and produce fifty to seventy-five percent less smoke. A company called StoveTec is selling them through its Web site for less than ten dollars. Dean Still says that more than one hundred thousand have been sold so far.原文拓展阅读2：Indoor Pollution from Cooking Fires Kills 1.5 Million People AnnuallyMore than half the world’s population—about 3 billion people—cook their meals with wood, dung, coal and other solid fuels over open fires or on primitive stoves inside their homes, and that simple act is killing 1.5 million people every year, according to a report by the World Health Organization. Indoor Pollution Kills Millions Every YearCooking with solid fuels on open fires or traditional stoves creates high levels of indoor air pollution, which is a major riskfactor for pneumonia among children and chronic respiratory disease among adults. Indoor smoke contains many pollutants that can damage health, such carbon monoxide and particulate pollution levels that may be 20 times higher than accepted guidelines.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), indoor air pollution is responsible for 2.7 percent of the global burden of disease, and pneumonia accounts for the deaths of two million children every year. In 2002, cooking with solid fuels was responsible for nearly 800,000 deaths among children and more than 500,000 deaths among women.Cleaner Fuels, Modern StovesThe solution is to help low-income families and developing countries switch to better stoves that burn liquefied petroleum gas, biogas, or other cleaner fuels. Switching from a traditional stove to an improved stove substantially reduces indoor smoke and immediately creates a healthier environment."Making cleaner fuels and improved stoves available to millions of poor people in developing countries will reduce child mortality and improve women's health," said Dr LEE Jong-wook, WHO Director-General, in a press release announcing the report. "In addition to the health gains, household energy programs can help lift families out of poverty and accelerate development progress."Low Investment for Big Health and Economic BenefitsOn average, it would cost as little as $6 for families to install stoves that are better ventilated and more fuel-efficient. Halving the number of people worldwide still cooking with solid fuels by 2015 would cost $13 billion, but the economic benefit would be $91 billion annually, largely owing to reduced illness, fewer deaths, shorter cooking times, and less time spent collecting firewood and other fuel. With more time available, the report says, children would do better in school, while their mothers could engage in childcare, agriculture or other income-generating activities to help break the cycle of poverty.Making improved stoves available to half of those still burning biomass fuels and coal on traditional stoves also would save $34 billion in fuel expenditures every year, and generate an annual economic return of $105 billion over a 10-year period.About 90 percent of the costs of switching to better stoves andcleaner fuels would be borne by families that installed the new stoves, but investments in new technologies, local businesses, and micro-credit systems to help with financing also would be required to carry out the plan.Direct Cause and EffectThe report demonstrates that if 100 million more homes were using liquefied petroleum gas or other cleaner fuels for cooking, then 473 million fewer people would be exposed to harmful indoor air pollution, and respiratory diseases would cause 282,000 fewer deaths each year."It is a travesty that 1.5 million lives a year—many of those of children whose lives have not even started—are snuffed out every year because of needless exposure to indoor smoke," said Dr Maria Neira, WHO's Director for Public Health and Environment. “We have simple, affordable solutions; let us ensure that they reach the people who can benefit from—and live by—using them.”建议关注题型：填空类，主要考察考生的细节定位能力和词汇短语搭配的掌握力度，解题时应该从段落主体决定细节的角度出发，通过理解每段的主题句把握段落中细节内容的走向，进一步进行二次定位，从而更好的对此类题目做出解答。