中医专业英语课后术语汉译英练习全部题库
中医专业英语课后短语及句子翻译
Unit1Test A1.differentiating syndromes and treatment 辨证论治2.syndrome differentiation with eight principles 八纲辨证3.location of diseases 病变部位4.tendency of pathological changes 病势5.external disease factors 外感病邪6.duration of a disease 病程7.aversion to cold 恶寒8.nasal congestion 鼻塞9.sore,itchy throat 喉痒咽痛10.penetrate from the superficial layers to the interior of the body 由表传里11.changes in tongue coating 舌苔变化12.cold limbs 四肢厥冷13.pallor/pale face 面色苍白14.clear and copious urine 小便清长15.absence of thirst 口不渴16.primary disease 原发病17.pale tongue with white coating 舌淡苔白18.malar flush 颧红19.struggle between the anti-pathogenic factors and pathogenic factors 正邪相争20.yang/yin depletion/collapse 亡阳/亡阴21.reduced appetite 食欲减退22.abdominal distention 腹部胀满23.qi transformation 气化24.pseudo-cold and real heat 真寒假热二句子翻译1.The clinical manifestations of diseases, though intricate, can be analyzed with the eight principles according to the category, location and nature of disease as well as the conflict between the anti-pathogenic factors and pathogenic factors.疾病的临床表现尽管错综复杂，但基本上都可以用八纲从疾病的类别、病性、邪正盛衰方面进行分析。
中医英语课后句子翻译1-15课
Lesson 11. 中国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结TCM has a history of thousand of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.2. 中医学有完整独立的理论体系。
TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3. 中医学是研究人的生命规律以及疾病的发生、发展和防治规律的一门科学。
TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of disease.4. 《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础Yellow Emperor’s Cannon of Internal Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of TCM.5. 《难经》在许多方面，尤其是在脉学上，补充了《皇帝内经》的不足。
Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’s Cannon of Medicine in many respects,especially in pulse lore.6. 《诸病源侯论》是中医学最早的一部病因症候学专著。
Discussion on the causes and symptom of various diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptom ofdiseases in china.7. 阳常有余，阴常不足。
《中医专业英语》1-10练习答案
Unit oneA 22-year-old male: Last night the pain was colicky in nature, periumbilical, and rather sporadic. The patient had about five episodes of nausea and vomiting associated with this pain last night. He has been anorectic, has had no bowel movements for two days, and has had no episodes of diarrhea. The pain has since migrated to the right lower quadrant and is steady in nature. He has had a temperature of 100 since yesterday. His blood pressure is 110/82. There have been no episodes of coughing with expectoration, shortness of breath, or burning in the epigastrium. The pertinent physical findings are related to the abdomen. His chest is clear. The patient was lying still in bed, trying to avoid movement as much as possible. There is extreme tenderness in the right lower quadrant, and there was no tenderness on rectal examination. Bowel sounds are markedly decreased.Unit 2Outpatient Clinic Medical Records (9parts):Sample:Name: Wang PingSex: maleAge: 12Clinic Record Number: 0001Date: Mar.27th, 2001Chief complaint:aversion to cold, fever, body ache, a sore throat, a stuffy and running nose. All the symptoms have continued for two days since the day before yesterday.Case history: The boy said that he felt aversion to cold and had a fever due to the sudden coldness on Mar, 25th. Then he had an ache all over and a sore throat, he had a stuffy and running nose. His cough was persistent and nonproductive. He was in good health previously.Examinations and investigations:His temperature is 38.4o C. He has a hyperaemia pharynx [ ♒♋✋☐☜♊❒♓❍✋☜]充血[ ♐✌❒✋☠♦]咽. His lung's respiratory sound becomes louder, but has no dry rale. He has a red tongue with slight yellow coating. His pulse is floating and rapid.Syndrome differentiation and diagnosis:common cold due to wind hot evil attacking the lungsMethod of treatment:clearing away heat, scattering wind, dispersing lung qi and removing exterior evilRecipe:Sang Ju Decoction (Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Granule (Beverage)Order: 1) Take the decoction once a day.2) Have a good rest.3) Avoid eating pungent food.UnitFour10. 中药疗效高，大都无毒性，无副作用，是治病强身的良药。
中医英语课后答案1、2、5、7练习答案
第一课一．术语翻译1. tradit ional Chines e medici ne; TCM2. basictheory of tradit ional Chines e medici ne3. clinic al experi ence4. treatm ent basedon syndro me differ entia tion5. miscel laneo us diseas es6. Chines e pharma cy7. four proper tiesand five tastes8. acupun cture and moxibu stion; acumox9. classi cal Chines e philos ophy10. sweati ng therap y; diapho resis11. purgat ion12. vomiti ng therap y; emetic therap y13. the School of Reinfo rcing the Earth14. etiolo gy15. prescr iptio n; formul a16. medica l practi ce17. therap eutic princi ples18. herbscold and cool in nature19. nouris hingyin and reduci ng fire20. diseas es caused by bloodstagna tion二．句子翻译1. TCM has a histor y of thousa nds of yearsand is a summar y of the Chines e people’s experi encein theirstrugg le agains t diseas es.2. TCM has a unique and integr atedtheore tical system.3. TCM is a scienc e that studie s the rulesof life as well as the occurr ence,progre ss, preven tionand treatm ent of diseas es.4. Yellow Empero r’s Canonof Medici ne has laid a solidfounda tionfor the format ion of theore tical system of tradit ional Chines e medici ne.5. Classi c of Diffic ultie s has supple mente d what was unaddr essed in the Yellow Empero r’s Canonof Medici ne in many respec ts, especi allyin pulselore.6. Discus sionon the Causes and Sympto ms of Variou s Diseas es is the earlie st extant monogr aph on the causes and sympto ms of diseas es in China.7. Yang is usuall y excess ive whileyin is freque ntlydefici ent.8. Intern al impair mentof the spleen and stomac h causes variou s diseas es.9. Compen diumof Materi a Medica is recogn izedas a monume ntalwork in the histor y of Chines e materi a medica and a greatcontri butio n to the develo pment of pharma colog y in the world.10. Tradit ional Chines e materi a medica includ es not only medici nal herbs,but also minera ls and animal parts.11. In the Jin and Yuan Dynast ies, thereappear ed the so-called four greatmedica l school s.12. ZhangCongzh eng believ ed that all diseas es were caused by exogen ous pathog enicfactor s and advoca ted that pathog enicfactor s should be driven out by meansof diapho resis, emesis and purgat ion.13. Liu Wansubeliev ed that “fire-heat” was the main causeof a variet y of diseas es and that thesediseas es should should be treate d with drugscold and cool in nature.14. Li Gao held that “intern al impair mentof the spleen and stomac h wouldbringaboutdiseas es” and emphas izedthat the most import ant thingin clinic al treatm ent was to warm and invigo ratethe spleen and stomac h.15. Zhu Danxibeliev ed that “yang is usua ll y excess ive whileyin is freque ntlydefici ent” and advoca ted the remedi es of nouris hingyin and reduci ng fire in treatm ent of diseas es.16. Studyon Warm Diseas e is a clinic al specia lty focusi ng on the occurr ence, progre ss, diagno sis and treatm ent of warm diseas es.17. The School of Warm Diseas e has develo ped the rulesof treatm ent of warm diseas e basedon syndro me differ entia tionin lightof defens ive phase, qi phase,nutrit ive phase, bloodphaseand triple energi zer.18. Wang Qingre n in the late Qing Dynast y correc ted mistak es aboutanatom y made in ancien t medica l booksand advoca ted the theory that diseas es were caused by bloodstagna tion.19. Integr atedtradit ional Chines e and Wester n medici ne has paveda new way for the develo pment and modern izati on of tradit ional Chines e medici ne.20. Greatprogre ss has been made in system aticand experi menta l studyof the basictheory of tradit ional Chines e medici ne.第二课一．术语翻译1. five zang-organs; five zang-viscer a2. six fu-organs3. system of meridi ans and collat erals4. holism5. organi c wholen ss6. social attrib ute7. (of the five zang-organs) open into8. sprout, grow, transf orm, ripenand store9. diagno stics10. relati onshi p betwee n pathog enicfactor s and health y qi11. therap eutic s12. common cold due to wind and cold13. differ ent therap eutic method s used to treatthe same diseas e14. the same therap eutic method used to treatdiffer ent diseas es15. balanc e of watermetabo lism16. cleari ng away heartfire17. nature of diseas e18. treati ng the left side for curing diseas es locate d on the rightside19. drawin g yang from yin20. treati ng the lowerpart for curing diseas es locate d on the upperpart 二．句子翻译1. The theore tical system of TCM is mainly charac teriz ed by holism and treatm ent basedon syndro me differ entia tion.2. TCM believ es that the humanbody is an organi c whole.3. The consti tuent partsof the humanbody are interd epend ent in physio logyand mutual ly influe ntial in pathol ogy.4. The holism permea tes throug h the physio logy, pathol ogy, diagno sis, syndro me differ entia tionand treatm ent of diseas es.5. Change s in the natura l worlddirect ly or indire ctlyinflue nce the humanbody.6. Qi and bloodin the humanbody tend to flow to the exteri or in spring and summer and to the interi or in autumn and winter.7. The heartopensinto the tongue and is intern allyand extern allyrelate d to the smallintest ine.8. TCM has notice d that the fact that social activi ty psycho logic allyinflue nceshumanbeings.9. Accord ing to TCM, the body and spirit coexis t, intera cting with each otherand influe ncing each other.10. Yang qi in the humanbody tendsto flow to the exteri or in the daytim e and to the interi or at night.11. Region al differ ences, to some extent, influe ncesthe physio logic al activi tiesof the humanbody.12. Syndro me is a genera lizat ion of pathol ogica l change s at a certai n stageduring the course of a diseas e.13. Treatm ent basedon syndro me differ entia tion,one of the charac teris ticsof TCM, is the basicprinci ple in TCM for unders tandi ng and treati ng diseas es.14. Syndro me includ es the locati on, causeand nature of a diseas e as well as the stateof pathog enicfactor s and health y qi.15. Differ entia tionof syndro me and treatm ent of diseas e are two insepa rable aspect s in diagno singand treati ng diseas es.16. Clinic allydoctor s pay greatattent ion to the differ entia tionof diseas es. But therap eutic allythey care more aboutthe differ entia tionof syndro mes becaus e diseas es can be curedby treati ng syndro mes.17. Syndro me can compre hensi velyand accura telyreveal the nature of a diseas e.18. Differ ent diseas es may demons trate the same syndro me becaus e of the simila rityin pathog enesi s.19. If the syndro me of middle qi sinkin g appear s in two differ ent diseas es, they all can be treate d by the therap eutic method for elevat ing middle qi.20. The treatm ent of diseas es in TCM does not only simply concen trate on the differ enceor simila rityof diseas es, but on the differ enceor simila rityof pathog enesi s.第五课一．术语翻译1. 藏象学说 doctri ne of viscer al manife stati ons2. 五脏六腑 five zang-organs and six fu-organs3. 奇恒之腑 extrao rdina ry fu-organs水谷精微 nutrie nts of waterand food传化水谷 transm ittin g and transf ormin g waterand food贮藏精气 storin g essenc e表里关系 intern al and extern al relati onshi p治疗效应 therap eutic effect s临床实践 clinic al practi ce藏而不泻 storag e withou t discha rge泻而不藏 discha rge withou t storag e形体诸窍 physic al buildand variou s orific es开窍(of five zang-organs) open into精神情志 spirit and emotio ns心藏神 the heartstorin g spirit肺藏魄 the lung storin g corpor eal soul肝藏魂 the liverstorin g ethere al soul脾藏意 the spleen storin g consci ousne ss肾藏志 the kidney storin g will其华在面 the luster manife sting upon the face二．句子翻译1. 藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及相互关系的学说。
中医英语英译汉练习答案
第一课一．术语翻译1.traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2.basic theory of traditional Chinese medic ine3.clinical experience4.treatment based on syndrome differentiation5.miscellaneous diseases6.Chinese pharmacy7.four properties and five tastes8.acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9.classical Chinese philosophy10.sweating therapy; diaphoresis11.purgation12.vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13.the School of Reinforcing the Earth14.etiology15.prescription; formula16.medical practice17.therapeutic principles18.herbs cold and cool in nature19.nourishing yin and reducing fire20.diseases caused by blood stagnation二．句子翻译1.TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experiencein their struggle against diseases.2.TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3.TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, preventionand treatment of diseases.4.Y ellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation oftheoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.5.Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Y ellow Emperor’sCanon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore.6.Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of V arious Diseases is the earliest extant monographon the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.7.Y ang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.8.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.pendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history ofChinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10.Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals andanimal parts.11.In the Jin and Y uan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.12.Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors andadvocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.13.Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that thesediseases should should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.14.Li Gao held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about diseases”and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach.15.Zhu Danxi believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently defic ient”andadvocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases.16.Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosisand treatment of warm diseases.17.The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease based onsyndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.18.Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancientmedical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.19.Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for thedevelopment and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.20.Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory oftraditional Chinese medicine.第二课一．术语翻译1.five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2.six fu-organs3.system of meridians and collaterals4.holismanic wholenss6.social attribute7.(of the five zang-organs) open into8.sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9.diagnostics10.relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11.therapeuticsmon cold due to wind and cold13.different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14.the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases15.balance of water metabolism16.clearing away heart fire17.nature of disease18.treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side19.drawing yang from yin20.treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part二．句子翻译1.The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based onsyndrome differentiation.2.TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.3.The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutuallyinfluential in pathology.4.The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiationand treatment of diseases.5.Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.6.Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to theinterior in autumn and winter.7.The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.8.TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings.9.According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencingeach other.10.Y ang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior atnight.11.Regional differences, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the humanbody.12.Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of adisease.13.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basicprinciple in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.14.Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state ofpathogenic factors and healthy qi.15.Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects indiagnosing and treating diseases.16.Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. But therapeuticallythey care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.17.Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.18.Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity inpathogenesis.19.If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treatedby the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi.20.The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference orsimilarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.第五课一．术语翻译1.doctrine of visceral manifestations2.five zang-organs and six fu-organs3.extraordinary fu-organs4.nutrients of water and food5.transmitting and transforming water and food6.storing essence7.internal and external relationship8.therapeutic effects9.clinical practice10.storage without discharge11.discharge without storage12.physical build and various orifices13.(of five zang-organs) open into14.spirit and emotions15.the heart storing spirit16.the lung storing corporeal soul17.the liver storing ethereal soul18.the spleen storing consciousness19.the kidney storing will20.the luster manifesting upon the face二．句子翻译1.The theory of visceral manifestation studies the physiological functions and pathologicalchanges of viscera and their relations.2.The theory of visceral manifestation plays an important role in the theoretical system of TCM.3.The common physiological function of the five zang-organs is to transform and store essence.4.The common physiological function of the six fu-organs is to receive, transport and transformwater and food.5.Diseases of the zang-organs are often of deficiency in nature while diseases of the fu-organsare frequently of excess in nature.6.Excess of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs while defic iencyof fu-organs can be treated by reinforcing the related zang-organs.mon cold due to invasion of cold into the skin is often characterized by stuffy nose,running nose and cough.8.Kidney essence is helpful for promoting the growth of skeleton.9.The heart and the small intestine are internally and externally related to each other.10.The five zang-organs, the body and all the orifices form an organic whole.11.The spleen open into the mouth and its luster is manifested over the lips.12.The physiological functions of the five zang-organs are closely associated with the state ofspirit and mind.13.The physiological functions of the five zang-organs play a leading role in the physiologicalfunctions of the whole body.14.The normal relationship between the five zang-organs and the body and all the orifices is keyto the relative stability of the internal environment of the body.15.The normal relationship between the five zang-organs and the body and all the orificesmaintains the relative balance between the internal environment and external environment of the body.16.Disorder of spirit, emotions and mental activity affects the physiological functions of the fivezang-organs.17.The formation of the doctrine of visceral manifestation was, to a certain extent, based on theknowledge of anatomy in ancient times.18.The state of the internal organs must be manifested externally.19.The knowledge about the viscera in the doctrine of visceral manifestation has exceeded thescope of that in modern anatomy.20.The viscera in the doctrine of visceral manifestations are not simply anatomic concepts, butthe concepts that are used to generalize the physiological functions and pathological changes in the whole body.第六课一．术语翻译1.the heart governing blood and vessels2.sufficiency of heart qi3.rosy complexion4.sufficiency of blood5.unsmooth vessels6.lusterless complexion7.thin and weak pulse8.the heart storing spirit9.sweat and blood sharing the same origin10.ascending, descending, going out and going in11.dispersion, purification and descent12.regulating water passage13.the spleen governing transportation and transformation14.nutrients of water and food15.stoppage of water and fluid16.acquired base of life17.regulating qi activity18.upward adverse flow of liver qi19.innate essence20.the kidney receiving qi二．句子翻译1.The main physiological function of the heart is to control blood vessels and govern the mind.2.The vessels are the passages in which blood flows.3.Sufficient heart qi, abundant blood and smoothness of vessels are prerequisite to normalcirculation of blood.4.Pathological changes of the heart can be observed from the tongue.5.The respiratory function of the lung directly influences the production of thoracic qi.6.Failure of the lung to disperse inevitably leads to dyspnea, chest oppression, cough andpanting.7.Hypofunction of the lung in regulating water passage will lead to production of phlegm andretained fluid due to stagnation of water.8.The pathological changes of the lung are mainly manifested in the nose and throat.9.Transportation and transformation of water and food means to digest food and absorbnutrients from food.10.Failure of the spleen to transport normally refers to hypofunction of the spleen in transportingand transforming the nutrients of water and food.11.The spleen is the acquired base of life and the source of qi and blood production.12.All diseases are caused by weakness of the spleen and stomach.13.The main physiological function of the liver is to control free flow of qi and store blood.14.Stagnation of qi will affect blood circulation as well as distribution and metabolism of bodyfluid.15.Insufficiency of blood or failure of the liver to store blood will cause scanty menstruation oreven amenorrhea.16.Sufficient blood stored in the liver and normal function of the liver to regulate blood enablethe limbs to get necessary energy for their movement.17.The kidney governs growth, development and reproduction.18.The essence stored in the kidney includes innate essence and acquired essence.19.If the function of the kidney to receive qi is normal, breath will be smooth and even.20.Though urine is discharged from the bladder, it depends on qi transforming activity of thekidney to accomplish such a discharge.第七课一．术语翻译1.extraordinary fu-organs2.isolated fu-organ3.digest water and food4.anus5.remaining part of liver qi6.upper energizer7.separating the lucid from the turbid8.residue of foods9.The large intestine governs thin body fluid10.bile11.The small intestine governs thick body fluid12.primary digestion13.essential qi14.the seven important portals15.The gallbladder is responsible for making judgment16.discharge waste17.occurrence of menstruation18.epiglottis19.morphological hollowness20.transporting and transforming water and food二．句子翻译1.The gallbladder excretes bile to promote the small intestine to digest food2.The main physiological function of the gallbladder is to store and excrete bile.3.Bile is transformed from the essence in the liver.4.The main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and digest water and food.5.After primary digestion, the food in the stomach is transferred to the small intestine. Thenutrient of food is then transported and transformed to nourish the whole body by the spleen.6.Food is further divided into nutrient and residue after further digestion in the small intestine.7.The small intestine also absorbs large quantity of liquid when it absorbing nutrients fromfood.8.The so-called “lucid”refers to the nutrients of water and food while the so-called “turbid”refers to the residue of food.9.If the function of the small intestine to separate the lucid from the turbid, the activity ofdefecation and urination will be normal.10.The main physiological function of the large intestine is to receive the waste part of foodstufftransmitted down from the small intestine, absorb part of the liquid from the waste and transform the rest part into feces to be discharged from the anus.11.The bladder stores and discharge urine through the function of qi transformation of the kidney.12.The stomach and the spleen are internally and externally related to each other.13.The upper energizer functions as a sprayer.14.The middle energizer functions as a fermentor.15.The lower energizer functions as a drainer.16.The extraordinary fu-organs are morphologically similar to the fu-organs and functionallysimilar to the zang-organs.17.The common function of the six fu-organs is to transport and transform water and food anddischarge waste.18.The intelligence and memory of man are associated with the function of the brain.19.The brain is the house of the primordial spirit.20.The uterus is the organ where menstruation takes place and fetus is conceived.。
中医药常用名词术语英译
中医药常用名词术语英译1. 嘿，你知道“阴阳”在中医药里怎么英译不？“Yin - Yang”呀。
就好比白天和黑夜，一个是阳，一个是阴，它们相互对立又相互依存呢。
比如说，一个人身体太“阳”了，可能就容易上火，就像夏天太阳太猛，大地都干涸了。
2. 咱来聊聊“气”这个词的英译，“Qi”。
这“气”啊，就像身体里的小发动机。
我有个朋友，老是没精打采的，中医就说他“气”不足。
这“气”在身体里到处跑，推动着身体各个机能运转呢。
3. “经络”的英译是“Meridian”。
这经络就像身体里的高速公路网哦。
我上次去看中医，医生说经络不通会导致很多毛病。
就像高速公路堵了，车就没法顺畅地跑，身体里的气血也一样。
4. “穴位”的英语是“Acupoint”。
穴位就像身体上的一个个小开关。
有次我头疼，中医在我头上的一个穴位按了几下，哎呀，就像打开了止痛的开关一样，立马感觉好多了。
5. “中药”的英译是“Chinese materia medica”。
这中药可神奇啦，就像大自然赐给我们的医药宝藏。
我奶奶生病就爱喝中药，那些草药熬出来的汤，感觉就像把大自然的力量都喝进肚子里了。
6. 你了解“方剂”的英译吗？是“Prescription”。
方剂就像是一个医药团队。
比如说一个治疗感冒的方剂，里面有好几味中药，就像团队里不同的成员，各自发挥着作用，一起把感冒这个“敌人”打败。
7. “炮制”的英语是“Processing”。
这炮制就像给中药做一场精心的改造。
我见过中药师傅炮制药材，把原本普普通通的药材，经过各种工序，就像把一个灰姑娘变成公主一样，药效都变得更厉害了。
8. “辨证论治”的英译是“Treatment based on syndrome differentiation”。
这就像医生当侦探呢。
我去看中医，医生又是看舌头，又是把脉，然后判断我的“证”，再根据这个来治疗。
就像侦探根据线索破案一样精准。
9. “四气五味”的英语是“Four natures and five flavors”。
中医英语基础教程课后习题
English Translation of TCM Medical TermsUnit 1 A brief introduction to traditional Chinese medicine1. traditional Chinese medicine2 .syndrome differentiation and treatment3. holism4. correspondence between man and nature5. returning to the original purity and simplicity/ returning to nature6. symptoms and signs7. syndrome8. dialectical materialism and historical materialism9. side-effect/ adverse-effect10. therapeutic effect/ efficacy/curative effect11. diagnosis and treatment12. symptomatology13. integrated/ combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine Pivot15. Plain Questions16. Huangdi’s Internal Classic17. Treatise on Cold-damage and Miscellaneous diseases18. Compendium of Materia Medica19. A-B Classic of Acupuncture and MoxibustionPrescriptions for Emergencies21 Supplement to Essential Prescriptions for Emergencies22 Classic on Difficult Issues of Medicine Unit Two Yin-yang TheoryUnit 2 Yin-yang Theory1. the opposition and unity of yin and yang2. restriction and transformation of yin and yang3. excess/ predominance of yin leading to/ causing disorder of yang and excess /predominance of yang causing disorder of yin4. interdependence of yin and yang5. There would be impossible survival with solitary yin and vice versa.6. waning and waxing of yin and yang7. dynamic change8. quantitative change9. qualitative change10. yin-yang figure/ Taiji figure11. Excess of yin leading to deficiency of yang, or excess of yang leading to deficiency of yin.12. yin within yang, and yang within yin13. materialism14. dynamic balance15. inter-transformation between yin and yang/mutual transformation of yin and yang16. infinite divisibility of yin and yang17. tissues and structure18. physiological function19. the opposition and restriction of yin and yang20. Severe cold will give birth to heat, and severe heat will give birth to cold.Unit 3 Ying -yang Theory in TCM1. The lung has the function of dominating qi and controlling breath.2. the balance/ equilibrium between yin and yang3. The harmony of yin and yang ensures the harmonious life activities while the disassociation of yin and yang will exhaust essence, and eventually, death occurs.4. healthy qi5. pathogenic qi / pathogen/ pathogenic factor6. cold deficiency syndrome /cold syndrome of deficiency7. dry-heat syndrome8. mutual impairment of yin and yang / mutual detriment to yin and yang9. deficiency of yin affecting yang or deficiency of yang affecting yin10. Yin deficiency fails to control yin.11. differentiation according to the eight principlesUnit 4 Five Phase Theory1. five phase theory / five elements theory2. generating, generate /engendering3. restraining , restrict , restriction4 . restriction and transformation5. overwhelming/ over-restriction /over-acting /subjugation6. rebellion / counter-restriction/ reverse-restriction7. Fire is characterized by flaming (up).8. Wood is characterized by growing freely.9. Water is characterized by moistening and flowing downward.10. Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.11. Metal is characterized by change.12. five flavors, five colors, five growth and development , five seasons and five notes13. five sense organs, five body constituents, five emotions and five voices14. generated/ being generated generating/ to generate15. restricted/ being restricted restricting/ to restrict16 .The “generating” element is thought of as the “mother”.17. The “generated’ element is as the “child”.18. The disorder of mother-organ affecting/involving the child-organ; the disorder of child-organ affecting/ involving mother-organ19. ecological equilibrium20. mother-child relationshipUnit 5 Five Phase Theory in TCM1 The kidney stores vital essence.2. The kidney controls water metabolism.3. The heart-yang has warming function.liver has the function of smoothing and regulating flow of qi and blood.5. transmission and change6. The liver-fire impairs the lung.7. excessive heart-fireexcess of the heart and liver fire9. nourishing the kidney and liver10. the failure of the spleen in transportation and transformation (脾失运化)face and blood-shot ( red) eyesmethod for deficiency syndromemethod for excess syndrome14 to reinforcing the mother-organ in case of asthenia or deficiency15. to purge or reduce excess of the child-organ in case of sthenia or excess water to nourish wood is a therapeutic method used to nourish kidney yin to supplement liver yin.earth to generate metal is a therapeutic method to reinforce the spleen qi for the purpose of nourishing lung qi18. Supplementing fire to reinforce earth is a therapeutic method used to warm kidney-yang to invigorate spleen-yang.earth to control watermetal to suppress woodUnit 6 Meridian and Collateral Theory1. meridian and collateral theory2. the twelve regular meridians3. the eight extra meridians4. the fifteen collaterals / collateral vessels5. the twelve divergent meridians/ meridian divergences6. the twelve meridian sinews7. the twelve cutaneous regions8. the lung meridian of hand Taiying (LU)9. the large intestine meridian of hand Yangming (LI)10. the stomach meridian of foot Yangming (ST)11. the spleen meridian of foot Taiyin (SP)12. the heart meridian of hand Shaoyin (HT)13. the small intestine of hand Taiyang (SI)14. the bladder meridian of foot Taiyang (BL)15. the kidney meridian of foot Shaoyin (KI)16. the pericardium meridian of hand Jueyin (PC)17. the triple energizer meridian of hand Shaoyang (TE)18. the gallbladder meridian of foot Shaoyang (GB)19. the liver meridian of foot Jueyin (LR)20. Governor Vessel GV21. Conception Vessel CV22. Thoroughfare Vessel TV23. Belt Vessel BV24. Yin Heel Vessel Yin HV25. Yang Heel Vessel Yang HV26. Yin Link Vessel Yin LV27. Yang Link Vessel Yang LV28. tertiary collaterals29. the superficial collaterals30. the convergence of yang meridians31. Chong meridian/ Thoroughfare Vessel TVhave an interior-exterior relationshipand longitudinally, the meridians and collaterals cross with each other in both the interior and exterior of the body.qi and blood and regulating yin and yangpassage for pathogen transmissionneedling sensationdeficiency and excess conditionstropism of herbsUnit 7 Viscera Manifestations Theory1. the theory of viscera manifestationsfive zang-organs the six fu-organs the extraordinary organsheart，the liver，the spleen ，the lung，the kidney4. the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, urinary bladder andtriple energizers5. Classic on Difficult Issues of Medicine6. the brain, marrow, bones, blood vessels, gallbladder, and uterus7. the dysfunction of viscera8. the meridians and collaterals9. the interior-exterior relationship10. to transport and digest water and food11. The kidney stores vital essence.12. The liver stores blood.13. the deficiency/ asthenic syndrome14. .Excess syndrome of the zang-organ can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organ. /The sthenia syndrome of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs.15. receiving16. Deficiency syndrome of the fu-organ can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organ. /The asthenia syndrome of fu-organs can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organs.17. syndrome differentiation and treatment18. The internal organs are bound to give outward manifestations.19. Fu-organs function well when unobstructed.20. Anger impairs the liver; over-joy impairs the heart; thought impairs the spleen; sorrow impairs the lung; fear impairs the kidney.Unit 8 The Five Zang Organs Section (A)1. control /govern/dominate/be responsible for/in charge of2. opening into3 having its outward manifestation on / flouri shing on /some organ’s conditions are manifested/ reflected onheart controls blood and vessels.5 The tongue is the mirror of the heart.6 the insufficiency of the heart blood7. There is an interior-exterior relationship between the heart and small intestine. The spleen controls blood.8. rosy complexion9. Liver qi is in communication with the eyes.10. disharmony between the liver and spleen11. The liver stores blood.12. the liver-qi invading the stomach13. stagnation of liver-qi14. innate essence15. acquired essence16. The kidney stores essence and controls human reproduction, growth and development.17. The kidney controls the reception of qi.18. The deficiency of kidney essence19. metabolism20. insomniaUnit 9 The Five Zang Organs Section (B)1. The lung governs diffusion and depurative downbearing.2. The lung is a convergence of all the vessels.3. The qi in autumn is in communication with the lung.4. The lung dominates qi of the whole body.5. the lung regulating the water passages6. failure of the lung in dispersing and descending7. The lung opens at the nose.8. The lung has an exterior and interior relationship with the large intestine.9. the upper source of water10. external pathogenic factors11. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh.12. food essence13. governing transportation and transformation14. The spleen controls blood.15. The spleen dominates the muscles.16. the four extremities17. The spleen opening at the mouth and flourishing on the lips18. source of qi and blood19. haemorrhage20. The spleen has an exterior and interior relationship with the stomachUnit 10 The relationships among the Zang and Fu organs1. Zang has an exterior and interior relationship with fu organs.2. fire of excess type in the heart meridian3. Excess heat in the small intestine may ascend via its meridian to burn the heart4. The meridians of the lung and large intestine are connected to form the interior-exterior relationship.5. difficulty in defecation/in discharging faces6. asthmatic cough7. The spleen governing transportation and transformation8. fullness and distention in the epigastrium9. The kidney is known as “the water zang viscus”, the bladder is known as “the water fu viscus”, 10. The urinary bladder governs storing and excreting urine.11. The normal/proper opening and closing of the bladder12. The bladder has the power to control urination.13. urinary incontinence14. frequent urination stagnation of heat15. alternating between states of fullness and emptiness16. the dysfunction of the stomach in descent and that of the spleen in transportation and transformation17. Purgative therapy plays a reinforcing role in treatment of dysfunction of the six fu-organs.18. consumption of body fluid19. causing overflow of bile and jaundice20. separating the clear from the turbidUnit 11 Qi, Blood and Body Fluid1. qi, blood, body fluid and vitality2. primordial qi3. pectoral qi4. nutrient/nourishing qi5. defensive qi6. qi transformation7. functional activities of qi8. innate/congenital essence9. congenital deficiency10. consumption of primodial qi due to a prolonged illness11. Pectoral qi is known as promoting qi12. defending the body against external pathogenic factors13. Qi dominates warmth .14. Qi produces blood.15. Qi acts as the commander of blood, and blood as the mother of qi16. Qi promotes the blood circulation.17. Blood dominates nourishment and moisture.18. Qi can consolidate body fluid.19. acquired essence20. consolidating function of qi21. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh22. ascending, descending, entering and exiting 升、降、出、入23. Body fluid and blood have the same source.24. Harmonious circulation of blood ensures the vigorous spirit25. Those who suffer from blood loss hardly perspire and those who perspire a lot have less blood than normal26. Heavy loss of body fluid is followed by exhaustion of qi.Unit 12 Etiology1. etiology2 six climatic pathogenic factors (six excesses)3. six natural factors4. vaccination5. a life long immunity6. improper diet7. parasitology8. internal damage by intemperance of the seven emotions9. Excessive joy impairs the heart.10. Excessive anger impairs the liver.thought impairs the spleen.sorrow impairs the lung.13. Excessive fear impairs the kidney.14. unhygienic diet15. physical overstrain16. mental overstrainoverstrain18. maladjustment of work and rest19. incised wound20. phlegm-fluid retentionflow of bloodcause, external cause, and cause neither internal nor /endopathogens ,exophathogens, non-exoendopathogens23 trauma24. artificial immunityUnit 13 Pathogenesis external.1. pathogenesis2. excess/sthenia; deficiency/asthenia3. excess syndrome ;deficiency syndrome4 complicated syndrome of excess and deficiency5. excess complicated with deficiency6. struggle between vital-qi (healthy qi) and pathogenic factors7. Failure of healthy-qi in conquering pathogenic factors8. domination of vital-qi over pathogenic factors9. transforming from excess syndrome to deficiency one10. relative excess (predominance) of yin or yang11. relative decline (deficiency) of yin or yang12. exhaustion of vital- essence resulting in deficiency syndrome13. mutual consumption of yin and yang14. yin deficiency involving (affecting) yang15. mutual rejection between yin and yang16. Yin is kept externally by yang-excess in the interior.17. real cold syndrome with pseudo-heat symptoms18. excess in reality with pseudo-deficiency symptoms19. depletion of yin and yang20. disorder of functional activities of qiUnit 14 General Description of TCM Diagnostics1. diagnostics2. clinical diagnosis3. diagnostic methods4. observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, pulse-taking and palpation5. complexion6. constitution/physique7. tongue conditions (conditions of the tongue); tongue fur (coating)8. secretion (secreta)9. excretion (excreta)10. history of present illness (PI) (present illness)11. past history (PH)12. chief complaint (CC)13. duration(course) of disease14. menstruation/ menses15. leucorrhea16. pregnancy and delivery of baby17. auscultation and olfaction18. palpation and pulse-taking19. to survey hard mass/lump20 eight-principle syndrome differentiation/syndrome differentiation according to eight-principles 21 qi, blood and body fluid syndrome differentiation22. visceral syndrome differentiationsyndrome differentiation24. triple-energizer syndrome differentiation25 wei-qi-ying-xue differentiation26. concept of holism27 combination of four diagnostic methods/synthetic use of four diagnostic methods /four diagnostic methods in combination28. combination of differentiation of disease with syndrome differentiation/ combining disease differentiation with syndrome differentiation29. differential diagnosis30. pathological and physiological characteristics31. location of disease nature of diseaseUnit 17 TCM Life Cultivation1. TCM life cultivation and rehabilitation2. adaptation to naturebetween man and natureto seasons5. nourishing yang in spring and summer and yin in autumn and winter.6. conforming to geography7. conforming to society8. One is always happy if one is content with one’s lot.9. unity of physique and spirit10. simultaneous cultivation of spirit and physiqueof motion and motionlessness12. healthy qi as the base13. Relative excess of qi and blood exists in the liver in spring emotions15. health and longevity17. life cultivation and health care18. tissues and organs19. lost spirit20. regulation of the mindUnit 18 The Characters and Actions of Chinese Medicinals1. Chinese materia medica2. pharmacology3. four natures /properties and five flavors4. a drug of cold nature / a drug cold in nature/ a cold-natured drug5. clearing heat and purging fire6. detoxication/ removing/ eliminating toxic substances7. dispersing cold8. warming up the interior9. supporting/reinforcing yang10. treating collapse/recuperating depleted yang to rescue patients from collapse11. pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty12. dispersing qi and promoting the circulation of qi and blood13. relieving superficies/superficial syndrome by means of diaphoresis14. nourishing, replenishing, tonifying and enriching15. harmonizing the natures of different drugs16. relieving spasm and pain17. constipation due to dry intestine18. astringing to arrest discharge19. sending down adverse flow of qi20. relieving constipation by purgation21. softening and resolving hard mass22. exterior wind-heat syndrome23. ascending, descending, floating and sinking24. inducing vomiting25. checking exuberance of yang26. improving digestion by removing stagnated food(retention of food)27. tranquilization with heavy material28. in correspondence with the location of disease but in opposition to the tendencies of disease29. calming down and suppressing hyperactivity of the liver yang30. hyperactivity of the liver-yang31. modification according to symptoms32. texture33. processing drugs34. compatibility35. meridian tropism36. toxicity37 toxic38. slightly toxic39. extremely poisonous40. deadly poisonous41. dose (一次量) ；dosage42. obstinate disease43. to fight poison with poison/to counteract one toxin with another44. Chinese patent drug45. ingredients and actions46. indications47. administration and dosage48. contraindications49. side-effect/ adverse effect /unhealthy effect50. expiry to/ validityUnit 19 Science of Formulas1. theory of prescriptions2. common forms of prescriptions/formula3. routes of administrationfunctions of the formula5. oral administration6. fumigation and steaming ；gargling7. porwder8. taken orally with warm boiled water9. sprinkling on a sore10. bolus11. drug aromatic in flavor12. honeyed bolus13. water-paste pill。
中医英语课后答案9.10.11.12.13.15
第十课一．术语翻译1.theory of meridians and collaterals2.system of meridians and collaterals3.transporting qi and blood to the whole body4.being connected with the viscera and limbs5.running routes6.twelve regular meridians7.the regions through or along which the meridiansrun and the order by which the meridians are connected with each other8.(of a collateral) pertaining to a certain meridian9.eight extraordinary vessels (meridians)10.branches of the twelve regular meridians 11.divergent collaterals12.skin divisions of the twelve regular meridians13.tendons of the twelve regular meridians14.qi of meridians15.syndrome differentiation of meridians andcollaterals16.meridian conduction17.meridian manifestations18.blockage of meridians19.soothing meridians and activating collaterals20.collateral pricking and cupping therapy二．句子翻译1.Meridians are the pathways for qi to circulate in the whole body.2.The meridians, which are the major trunks in the system of meridians and collaterals, mainly run in the deepregions of the body. The collaterals, which are the branches of the meridians, run in the shallow regions of the body or just beneath the skin.3.The twelve regular meridians start from and end at certain points, run through or along certain regions, followcertain orders to connect with each other, distribute in the limbs with rules and are directly associated with the internal organs.4.The eight extraordinary vessels include the governor vessel, conception vessel, thoroughfare vessel, beltvessel, yin heel vessel, yang heel vessel, yin link vessel and yang link vessel.5.The twelve branches of meridians, which stem from the twelve regular meridians, start from the four limbs,run deep in the viscera and emerge from the shallow region of the neck.6.The branches of the yang meridians stem from the meridians proper, run inside the body and finally mergeinto the meridians proper. The branches of the yin meridians stem from the meridians proper, run inside the body and merge into the yang meridians that are internally and externally related to the yin meridians.7.Collaterals can be divided into three categories, i.e. divergent collaterals, superficial collaterals and minutecollaterals.8.The minute collaterals are the smallest collaterals. That is why they are literally called grandson-collaterals.9.According to the theory of meridians, tendons of meridians where qi of the meridians stays, accumulates,dissipates and associates with other parts of the body in the musculature and joints.10.Similarly pathological changes of the viscera can manifest over the surface of the body through meridians.11.The Plain Conversation says, “Liver disease is characterized by hypochondriac pain involving the lowerabdomen…and lung disease is characterized by panting, cough, adverse flow of qi and pain in the shoulders and back.”12.Generally speaking, cough due to disorder of the lung meridian is accompanied by lung distension, chestoppression and pain in the superclavicular fossa; cough due to disorder of the kidney meridian is often accompanied by throbbing sensation in the heart like being hungry and frequent fear.13.The theory of meridians studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of meridians and theirrelationships with the viscera.14.The main physiological function of the twelve meridians is to strengthen relationship between the twomeridians that are internally and externally related to each other.15.The skin of the whole body is the region over which the functional activities of the twelve meridians aremanifested.16.Since the three yang meridians of hand and the three yang meridians of foot are connected with each otherover the head, the head is the place where all kinds of yang meets.17.Therapeutically, the acupoints located in the meridians that are internally and externally related to each othercan be used alternately.18.Qi and blood in the meridians circulate in cycles.19.Under pathological condition, meridians become the pathways that transmit pathogenic factors and manifestpathological changes.20.Clinically the places where symptoms manifest and the regions through or along which the meridians run andassociate with the viscera are taken as the evidences for diagnosing diseases.Lesson 11ⅰ.1.six exogenous pathogenic factors2.improper diet and overstrainmon cold due to wind-cold4.diarrhea due to damp-heat/damp-heat diarrhea5.five endogenous pathogenic factors6.pathogenic wind attacking the exterior7.migratory arthralgia/joint pain8.wind being the leading pathogenic factor9.attacked/invaded by pathogenic cold10.decline of yang qi11.cold tending to stagnate by nature 12.stagnation of interstitial space13.spasm and contraction of muscles and tendons14.pathogenic dampness obstructing the spleen15.inactivation of spleen-yang16.production of endogenous heat due to yindeficiency17.extreme heat producing wind18.internal impairment due to yin deficiency19.improper diet20.engorgementⅱ.1. Etiology refers to the cause of diseases resulting from imbalance (between yin and yang) within the body.2. The six pathogenic factors are a collective term for exogenous pathogenic wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire.3. Exogenous pathogenic wind invades the body through the skin, hair and muscles, producing syndrome of exogenous wind.4. The exogenous diseases caused by pathogenic wind are characterized by sudden onset and rapid transmission.5. Pathogenic cold attacks the skin and muscles and leads to the stagnation of defensive-yang, which is called “cold damage”.6. Endogenous cold is a pathological manifestation of insufficient yang qi failing to warm the body.7. The attack of pathogenic summer-heat on the body usually leads to a series of yang symptoms, such as high fever, dysphoria, flushed cheeks and full pulse.8. Pathogenic summer-heat usually accompanies pathogenic dampness to invade the body.9. Exogenous dampness is primarily caused by such external pathogenic factors as humid climate, moist location and drenching or wading.10. Endogenous dampness is a morbid state due to dysfunction of the spleen and retention of water and fluid.11. Attack of exogenous dryness on the body tends to consume body fluid and leads to deficiency of yin-fluid.12. Pathogenic dryness tends to attack the body through the mouth and nose, so it is liable to damage lung fluid.13. Pathogenic fire-heat tends to consume the body fluid and leads to deficiency of it.14. Pestilence is a kind of highly contagious pathogenic factors, characterized by sudden onset, severe conditions, fulminating infection and widespread transmission.15. The seven abnormal emotions often directly impair their related internal organs, leading to disorder of visceral qi, disharmony between qi and blood, and consequently bringing on diseases.16. Improper diet mainly impairs the spleen and stomach, leading to dysfunction of them.17. Overstrain will impair qi, and eventually lead to deficiency of qi, fatigue and weak constitution.18. Phlegm and fluid are both pathological substances caused by retention of water and fluid.19. The diseases caused by blood stasis vary according to the location and cause of the stasis.20. Pain caused by blood stasis is usually marked by stabbing, fixed and unpalpable pain that worsens in the night. Lesson 12ⅰ.1.occurrence, development, and changes ofdisease2.(body )constitutional state3.dysfunction of qi and blood4.various pathological changes5.exuberance or decline of pathogenic factorsand healthy qi/ strength contrast between pathogenic factors and healthy qi6.deficiency or excess changes of disease/transformation between deficiency andexcess during a disease7.the human body’ resistance against diseases8.feverish sensation over the five centers(palms, soles, and chest)9.deficiency complicated with excess 10.turnover of disease/prognosis of disease11.relative predominance of yin or yang12.extreme changes of five emotions13.depletion of essence causing deficiency14.mutual consumption of yin and yang15.true heat and false cold; false cold and trueheat16.stagnation of qi activity17.disorder of fluid metabolism18.endogenous cold/ cold originating from theinterior19.fluid consumption producing dryness20.stirring of endogenous wind/disturbance ofendogenous windⅱ.1.The course of many diseases is a process of combat between pathogenic factors and healthy qi as well asthe ebb and flow of their strengths.2.Predominance of pathogenic factors leads to excess while depletion of essence results in deficiency.3.Healthy qi triumphs over pathogenic factors, leading to improvement of or recovery from an illness.4.Yang deficiency refers to the morbid state of insufficient or hypofunctional yang qi failing to warm thebody.5.Yin deficiency refers to the morbid state of depleted essence, blood and fluid leading to relativehyperactivity of yang.6.Loss of yin or yang refers to the critical state of sudden, profuse loss of yin-fluid or yang-qi.7.The disorders of qi include insufficient production of qi, excessive depletion of qi, hypofunction of qiand abnormal movements of qi.8.The topical stagnation of qi may lead to such symptoms as distension, pain, or even blood stasis andretention of water, fluid, or phlegm9.Qi adverseness refers to the morbid state of abnormal ascending and descending of qi and adverse,upward flow of visceral qi.10.Blood deficiency refers to the morbid state of insufficient blood failing to nourish the body.11.Blood stasis refers to the morbid state of slow and unsmooth flow of blood.12.Blood heat refers to the morbid state of heat in the blood hastening the blood flow.13.Blood stasis due to qi stagnation means that the unsmooth flow of qi leads to disturbance of bloodcirculation.14.Impairment of thin-fluid often develops to depletion of thick-fluid, and depletion of thick-fluid is a resultof insufficient thin-fluid.15.Qi stagnation due to fluid retention refers to the morbid state of disturbance of fluid metabolism andretention of water, dampness, phlegm and fluid lead to stagnation of qi.16.Stirring of endogenous wind refers to a morbid state due to hyperactivity of yang qi within the body.17.Endogenous dampness is mostly caused by deficiency of the spleen, so it is also called “dampness due tospleen deficienc y”.18.Endogenous dryness can be manifested in any organs or tissues, especially the lung, stomach and largeintestine.19.The prolonged deficiency of yin-fluid of the lung often involves the kidney and results in simultaneousdeficiency of the lung-yin and kidney-yin.20.The obstruction of the urinary bladder is called “uroschesis”and the incontinence of urine is called“enuresis”.Lesson 13ⅰ.1.spirit, complexion, and physical conditions2.mental activities3.sufficient essence and abundant qi4.apathetic facial expressions5.normal complexion and varied normalcomplexion6.convulsion of the limbs7.stirring of wind due to damp-heat8.interior sinking of pathogenic toxin9.scaly skin/ squamous and dry skin10.hunger without appetite bined use of the four diagnostic methods12.facial expressions13.favorable prognosis14.dispiritedness15.five colors indicating diseases / diagnosticsignificance of five colors16.facial distortion17.flaming of deficient fire18.retention of heat in the large intestine19.uncoated tongue/ mirror-like tongue20.pulse manifestationsⅱ.1.Inspection is a diagnostic method of observing general or local changes of spirit, complexion and physicalconditions.2.The listening-smelling method refers to an approach to diagnosis by listening to the voices of the patients andsmelling the odors emitted from the patients.3.Inquiry is a diagnostic method used to understand the occurrence, development, present subjective symptomsand other things concerning the diseases by asking the patients or their companions.4.Pulse-taking and palpitation refer to the diagnostic method of feeling the pulse and palpating the stomach andabdomen, foot and hand as well as other regions of the patients.5.Local pathological changes may involve the whole body and the viscera, which can be manifested in variousaspects.6.The four diagnostic methods were developed gradually in the long-term medical practice.7.“With spirit” is a manifestation of sufficient essence, abundant qi, and full vitality.8.“Without spirit” is a manifestation of impaired essence, deficient qi, and dispiritedness.9.“False spirit” is a false manifestation of temporary vitality during the critical stage of a disease.10.Normal complexion refers to the facial colors under physiological conditions.11.Bluish color indicates cold syndrome, pain syndrome, blood stasis and infantile convulsion.12.Inspection of physical conditions can provide information about the state of visceral qi and blood, strengthcontrast between yin and yang or pathogenic factors and healthy qi, as well as prognosis and location of the diseases.13.V omiting is caused by adverse rising of stomach qi.14.Bulgy tongue is usually caused by retention of water, dampness, phlegm and fluid.15.Mirror-like tongue is primarily caused by depletion of stomach yin and impairment of stomach qi.16.Yellow tongue coating is caused by fumigation of pathogenic heat and usually indicates interior syndrome andheat syndrome.17.Greasy tongue coating, usually caused by interior accumulation of damp-turbidity and stagnation of yang qi,mainly indicates retention of phlegm-fluid, damp-turbidity, food, damp-heat and obstinate phlegm, etc.18.Pressing diagnosis includes pulse-taking and palpation.19.The variation of pulse that reflects the state of a disease is known as morbid pulse.20.Clinically, only combined use of the four diagnostic methods can enable one to perform the correct diagnosis.Lesson 15ⅰ.1.辨证论治treatment with syndromedifferentiation/ treatment according to syndrome differentiation2.表里同病disease involving both exterior andinterior/ simultaneous disorder of exterior and interior3.寒热错杂simultaneous occurrence of cold andheat/ mixture of cold and heat4.里邪出表regression of interior pathogenicfactors to the exterior5.真寒假热true cold and false heat6.恶寒与恶热aversion to cold and aversion to heat7.口淡不渴tasteless sensation in the mouthwithout thirst8.寒邪郁而化热transformation of stagnatedpathogenic cold into heat9.外感表虚exterior-deficiency syndrome due toexogenous pathogens10.五心烦热feverish sensation over five centers11.病位与病性location and nature of disease12.虚实夹杂mixture of deficiency andexcess/co-existence of deficiency and excess 13.外邪入里invasion of exterior pathogenic factorsinto the interior14.寒证化热cold syndrome transforming into heatsyndrome15.真假寒热true heat and false cold16.热证转寒heat syndrome transforming into coldsyndrome17.舌淡苔白而润滑pale tongue with white, moistand slippery fur18.脉数无力rapid and weak pulse19.潮热盗汗tidal fever and night sweating20.神昏谵语coma with deliriumⅱ.1.疾病的表现尽管极其复杂，但基本上都可以用八纲加以归纳。
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1.中国医药学;
2.中医基础理论
3.临床经验
4.辨证论治
5.杂病
6.中药学
7.四气五味
8.针灸;
9.古代中国哲学
10.汗法;
11.下法
12.吐法;
13.补土派
14.病因学
15.方剂;
16.医疗实践
17.治疗原则
18.寒凉药物
19.滋阴降火
20.瘀血致病
1.五脏;
2.六腑
3.经络系统
4.整体观念
5.有机整体
6.社会属性
7.开窍( )
8.生长化收藏, , ,
9.诊断学
10.邪正关系
11.治疗学
12.风寒感冒
13.同病异治
14.异病同治
15.水液代谢平衡
16.清心火
17.疾病本质
18.以左治右
19.从阴引阳
20.病在上者下取之
1.哲学概念
2.相互转化
3.阴平阳秘
4.阴阳转化
5.寒极生热
6.病理变化
7.绝对偏盛
8.病机总纲
9.补其不足
10.祛风散寒
11.相互消长
12.相互制约
13.相互依存
14.阴胜则阳病
15.相反相成
16.有机整体
17.阳损及阴
18.阴阳两虚
19.虚寒证
20.潜阳熄风
1.五行学说;
2.条达舒畅
3.生我、我生
4.生中有制
5.木曰曲直.
6.土爰稼穑.
7.水曰润下.
8.相乘相侮
9.土虚木乘.
10.生克制化, ,
11.母病及子 a
12.肝肾精血不足
13.心肝血虚
14.心火亢盛
15.肝阴不足
16.肾阳式微
17.脾胃虚弱
18.平肝和胃
19.肾阴不足
20.水火不济
1.藏象学说
2.五脏六腑
3.奇恒之腑
4.水谷精微
5.传化水谷
6.贮藏精气
7.表里关系
8.治疗效应
9.临床实践
10.藏而不泻
11.泻而不藏
12.形体诸窍
13.开窍( )
14.精神情志
15.心藏神
16.肺藏魄
17.肝藏魂
18.脾藏意
19.肾藏志
20.其华在面
1.心主血脉
2.心气充沛
3.面色红润
4.血液充盈
5.脉道不利
6.面色无华
7.脉象细弱
8.心藏神
9.汗血同源
10.升降出入, ,
11.宣发肃降,
12.通调水道
13.脾主运化
14.水谷精微
15.水液停滞
16.后天之本
17.调畅气机
18.肝气上逆
19.先天之精
20.肾主纳气
1.奇恒之腑
2.孤腑
3.腐熟水谷
4.魄门
5.肝之余气
6.上焦
7.泌别清浊
8.食物残渣
9.大肠主津
10.精汁
11.小肠主液
12.初步消化
13.精气
14.七冲门
15.胆主决断
16.排泄糟粕
17.月经来潮
18.吸门
19.形态中空
20.传化水谷
1.先天禀赋
2.精微物质;
3.血液运行
4.水液代谢
5.气的运动形式
6.气的升降出入运动, ,
7.气机调畅
8.生命的原动力
9.温养脏腑
10.脏腑经络之气
11.气机
12.气化
13.先天之气
14.后天之气
15.正气
16.邪气
17.元气
18.宗气
19.营气
20.卫气
1.气生血
2.气行血
3.气摄血
4.血载气
5.血生气
6.气生津液
7.气行津液
8.气摄津液
9.津液载气
10.津液生气
11.津血同源
12.气随液脱
13.气随血脱
14.气随津泄
15.气行则血行，气滞则血瘀.
16.气为血帅，血为气母.
17.气行则水行，气滞则水滞.
18.益气固脱
19.亡血家不可发汗.
20.夺血者无汗.
1.经络学说
2.经络系统
3.运行全身
4.联络脏腑肢节
5.循行路线
6.十二正经
7.循行部位和交接顺序
8.络属关系( a ) a
9.奇经八脉()
10.十二经别
11.别络
12.十二皮部
13.十二经筋
14.经络之气
15.经络辨证
16.经络感传
17.经络现象
18.经络阻滞
19.舒经活络
20.刺络拔罐
1.外感六淫
2.饮食劳倦
3.风寒感冒
4.湿热泄泻
5.内生五邪
6.风邪外袭
7.游走性关节疼痛
8.风为百病之长
9.感受寒邪
10.阳气衰退
11.寒性凝滞
12.腠理闭塞
13.经脉拘急收引
14.湿邪困脾
15.脾阳不振
16.阴虚生内热
17.热极生风
18.七情内伤
19.饮食不节
20.暴饮暴食
1.疾病的发生、发展与变化, ,
2.体质强弱( )
3.气血功能紊乱
4.多种多样的病理变化
5.邪正盛衰
6.病症的虚实变化 a
7.人体的抗病能力’
8.五心烦热(, , )
9.虚实夹杂
10.疾病转归
11.阴阳偏盛
12.五志过极
13.精气夺则虚
14.阴阳互损
15.真热假寒或假寒真热;
16.气机郁滞不畅
17.津液代谢失常
18.寒从中生
19.津伤化燥
20.风气内动
1.神色形态, ,
2.精神活动
3.精充气足
4.表情淡漠
5.主色与客色
6.四肢抽搐
7.湿热动风
8.邪毒内陷
9.肌肤甲错
10.饥不欲食
11.四诊合参
12.面部表情
13.预后良好
14.精神不振
15.五色主病/
16.口眼歪斜
17.虚火上炎
18.大肠热结
19.光剥舌
20.脉象
1.辨证论治
2.表里同病
3.寒热错杂
4.里邪出表
5.真寒假热
6.恶寒与恶热
7.口淡不渴
8.寒邪郁而化热
9.外感表虚
10.五心烦热
11.病位与病性
12.虚实夹杂
13.表邪入里
14.寒证化热
15.真热假寒
16.热证转寒
17.舌淡苔白而润滑,
18.脉数无力
19.潮热盗汗
20.神昏谵语
1.中草药
2.四气五味
3.入药部分
4.药物采集
5.炮制
6.清除杂质
7.作用和缓
8.发散解表
9.收敛固涩
10.软坚润下
11.燥湿健脾
12.升降沉浮, ,
13.归经
14.用药禁忌
15.药物用量
16.辛温解表药
17.祛风湿药
18.十八反、十九畏
19.清热凉血药
20.祛痰止咳药
1.方剂学
2.配伍关系
3.组成规律
4.方剂的加减
5.剂型与剂量
6.君臣佐使, ,
7.药物毒性
8.缓和药性
9.引经报使
10.调和诸药 a
11.温经散寒
12.宣肺平喘
13.灵活化裁
14.清散郁热
15.随症加减
16.药物饮片
17.内服散剂
18.外用膏剂
19.开水冲服
20.浓缩浸膏。