川农2010级英语专业本科生毕业论文样本 四川农业大学文法学院英语系 毕业论文各组成部分写作规范
英语专业毕业论文范文
英语专业毕业论文范文AbstractThis paper aims to explore the importance of English language education in today's globalized world. The research was conducted by reviewing literature on the subject and analyzing the current state of English language education in both developed and developing countries. The findings indicate that English language education plays a crucial role in promoting communication, fostering cultural understanding, and enhancing international cooperation. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed, such as the lack of qualified teachers and resources, as well as the unequal distribution of educational opportunities. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for concerted efforts from both policymakers and educators to promote English language education and ensure equal access to quality education for all.IntroductionAs the world becomes increasingly interconnected, proficiency in English has become a key asset for individuals and societies. English is considered the lingua franca of the modern world, with more than 1.5 billion people speaking it as a second language (Crystal, 2018). Therefore, English language education plays a crucial role in facilitating cross-cultural communication and promoting international cooperation. This paper aims to examine the importance of English language education in today's globalized world and discuss the challenges and strategies for its effective implementation.Importance of English Language EducationEnglish language education is instrumental in promoting communication and understanding among individuals from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. In a globalized world, effective communication is essential for personal, academic, and professional growth. English enables individuals to access a wealth of knowledge, literature, and information that is predominantly available in English. Moreover, English language education helps develop critical thinking, analytical, and problem-solving skills, which are essential for success in the 21st-century job market (McKay, 2018).Furthermore, English language education fosters cultural understanding and appreciation. It exposes learners to different cultures, traditions, and perspectives, thereby promoting tolerance and respect for diversity. In today's multicultural societies, the ability to understand and embrace cultural differences is crucial for social cohesion and peaceful coexistence. English language education also acts as a bridge between communities and nations, facilitating international cooperation in various fields, such as trade, science, and diplomacy.Challenges and Strategies for Effective English Language EducationDespite the numerous benefits of English language education, there are several challenges that need to be addressed. One major challenge is the lack of qualified English language teachers andresources, particularly in developing countries. Inadequate teacher training and limited access to teaching materials hinder the quality of language instruction. To overcome this challenge, governments and educational institutions should invest more in training and professional development programs for English language teachers. Additionally, the availability of appropriate teaching materials, such as textbooks, audiovisual resources, and digital tools, should be ensured to enhance the learning experience.Another challenge is the unequal distribution of educational opportunities. In many countries, English language education is primarily available to urban, privileged students, while those in rural or marginalized areas have limited access. This exacerbates social inequalities and hampers national development. To address this issue, governments should focus on providing equal educational opportunities to all learners, regardless of their socio-economic background. This includes expanding English language education in rural areas, providing scholarships to underprivileged students, and adopting inclusive teaching methods that cater to diverse learning needs.ConclusionEnglish language education plays a vital role in today's globalized world. It promotes communication, fosters cultural understanding, and enhances international cooperation. However, there are challenges that need to be tackled, such as the shortage of qualified teachers and resources, as well as the unequal distribution of educational opportunities. To ensure the effective implementation of English language education, policymakers and educators mustwork together to invest in teacher training, provide adequate teaching materials, and ensure equal access to quality education for all. Only through such efforts can societies fully harness the benefits of English language education and thrive in an increasingly connected world.ReferencesCrystal, D. (2018). English as a global language. Cambridge University Press.McKay, S. L. (2018). Teaching English as an international language: Paradigm shifts and pedagogical implications. Routledge.。
英语专业毕业论文范文模板(完整版)
Contrastive Study of Chinese and Western Cultures from the Perspective ofDocumentaries themed in "China'sDevelopment"Wang WeiqianA Thesis Submitted asa Partial Fulfillment for the Degree ofB.A. in EnglishCollege of Foreign LanguagesHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyMay 19th, 2016摘要改革开放以来，中国经济的突飞猛进，一路高歌吸引了世界的眼光。
"中国题材"的纪录片成为世界各国感兴趣的主题。
中国和外国都各自推出了记录中国近些年发展的纪录片。
目前国内外对纪录片的研究，几乎都限于纪录片的理论研究与创作研究，而研究中西纪录片展现的文化差异非常少见。
本文从叙事方法、叙事关注点、叙述者口吻表现出的差异性入手，对比中西方“中国发展”题材纪录片以探究差异的文化渊源。
通过对比发现: 西方“中国发展”题材纪录片叙事方法角度更广泛；叙事更关注于个体情况；叙事口吻平等化。
主要原因在于中西方文化价值观的差异。
中国农耕文化基础上的集中制导致中国人思想具有一元性特征，儒家思想使国人更追求集体主义价值取向。
相反，西方文化属于多元文化，受古希腊文明和两次思想解放运动深刻影响的西方个人主义则根植于西方人头脑中，他们更关注个人思想，注重个人独立。
关键词：中国发展；纪录片；文化差异AbstractSince the reform and opening up, the economy in China develops so quickly that it draws the eyes of the world. And documentaries themed in China have become very popular. China and the West both have launched the documentaries which narrate and elaborate the development of China because of the great achievement China made recent years .At present, domestic and foreign researches on documentary are almost about the theory of documentary and creation research while the contrastive studies of the Western and Chinese cultures from the perspective of documentary are relatively rare. This thesis intends to compare the western documentaries themed in "China's Development" to Chinese ones to analyze the culture diversity between the West and China from the aspect of narrative method, narrative focus and narrative tone. Based on contrastive study, it can be found that the western ones are more diverse in narrative method; they stress individualism and their narrative tones are equality-based while that of Chinese are authority-based. That can be accounted for the differences of Chinese and Western cultures. Chinese centralism based on the farming culture leads to monism in Chinese mind, and due to ancient clan and Confucianism, people pursue collectivism. On the contrary, the Western culture is characterized by multiculturalism, and individualism influenced by the ancient Greece thoughts and two ideological liberation movements is deeply rooted in westerners' minds. They attach importance to personal ideas and individual's independence.Key words:China's development; documentary; culture differenceTable of ContentsAbstract in Chinese (i)Abstract in English (ii)I Introduction (1)1.1 Statement of the problem (1)1.2 Significance of the study (1)1.3 Outline of the thesis (2)II Literature Review (3)2.1 Researches abroad (3)2.1.1 Definition of culture (3)2.1.2 Studies of cultural values (3)2.2 Researches in China (4)2.2.1 The studies of Chinese and Western cultures (4)2.2.2 Studies of documentary from the perspective of culture (5)III Contrastive Study of Chinese and Western Documentaries (7)3.1 Narrative method (7)3.1.1 Mono-angle (7)3.1.2 Multi-angle (8)3.2 Narrative focus (9)3.2.1 Social group (9)3.2.2 Personal situation (9)3.3 Narrative tone (10)3.3.1 Authority-based (10)3.3.2 Equality-based (11)IV Cultural Analysis of Chinese and Western Documentaries (12)4.1 Monocuturalism/ multiculturalism (12)4.1.1 Monoculturalism (12)4.1.2 Multiculturalism (13)4.2Collectivism/ Individualism (13)4.2.1 Collectivism (14)4.2.2 Individualism (14)V Conclusion (16)Bibliography (18)Acknowledgements (19)Chapter One Introduction1.1 Statement of the problemDocumentary is not only a kind of television art form which records the rich and splendid culture, but also regarded as a part of human culture. Scholars have made a lot of contributions to the researches on documentary, and promoted the further prosperity of the documentary during the process of its naissance, development and evolution. However, the researches on the influence of cultural backgrounds and the national culture on the documentary are not sufficient, and even less concerning the contractive study of the Western and Chinese documentary culture.Nowadays, with the rapid development of economy, China stands in the eyes of the world with the image of a giant, and a number of documentaries that themed in China's development are made. For the differences of the values and diverse culture patterns, there are great differences between Western and Chinese documentaries. That provides the question for this thesis: What are the distinctive culture differences from the perspective of Western and Chinese documentaries? The thesis takes two Chinese documentaries and two Western documentaries as examples to explore the cultural differences in aspects of narrative method, narrative focus and narrative tone.1.2 Significance of the studyThe contrast between Chinese and Western culture has always been the problems for scholars to study, while it is original to explore the contrast from the angel of the documentary. Chinese mainstream media records and praises every aspect of the development in contemporary China. Meanwhile the West also shows an increasingly powerful China from its own perspective. And viewers can know the image of China in eyes of the Westerns, and have a preliminary understanding of the influence brought by cultural values on documentary. They can acquire a better understanding of differences Chinese and Western culture.1.3 Outline of the thesisThis thesis intends to study the Western and Chinese documentary from the perspective of cultural values. The whole passage can be divided in to five parts: The first chapter is the introduction, which involves the statement of the problem, the significance of the study and the outline of the thesis.In chapter two, it is the literature review which elaborates the studies on the value orientations, the contrastive researches on Western and Chinese culture and values and some cultural studies on documentary.Chapter three is to study the differences of Chinese and Western documentaries themed in "China Development" from the perspective of narrative method, narrative focus and narrative tone.In the fourth chapter, the author explores the cultural reasons of Chinese and Western documentaries.The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the whole thesis, which involves the main findings and some questions requiring further studies.Chapter Two Literature ReviewThis chapter gives a general overview of the studies of Western and Chinese cultures and documentaries. It begins with western scholars' studies of culture. Then, it shows Chinese scholars' studies of the differences between Western and Chinese culture patterns and some cultural studies on the documentary.2.1 Researches abroadThe connotation and function of culture is the focus of culture studies. And this is a proposition in the face of all the comparative cultural studies. What is more, for Chinese and Western scholars, value dimensions are used to measure the differences when comparing the Western and Chinese cultures.2.1.1 Definition of cultureEdward. B. Taylor, Britain's famous anthropologist, is the first scholar to summarize and epitome the cultural phenomena from the angle of anthropology. In his Primitive Culture, he (1871) defines culture is "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society"(qtd in Xu, 2009:17). Taylor's definition of culture is of great significance in the academic field, which opens up a broader field of vision for the study of culture.2.1.2 Studies of cultural valuesValues are closely related to culture. Therefore, unique values and orientations can be explored from different cultures. The study of values began in 1930s. So far, the research on the values of foreign scholars has been very rich. One classification of cultural patterns which has been very influential, is that of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's.Kluckhohn and Strodbeck singled out five values orientation from different cultures: Human Nature (people are regarded as basically good, evil, or mixed); Relationship to Nature (the relationship can be classified into three kind that humans over nature, nature over human, or harmony with nature); Sense of Time(primary value placed on past/tradition, present/enjoyment, or future/posterity/delayed gratification); Activity (being, becoming/inner development, or doing/striving/industriousness); and Social Relationships (hierarchical, collateral/collective-egalitarian, or individualistic) (Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck, 1961). In Annals of Tourism Research, Leah Watkins & Juergen Gnoth (2011) presents explanation about the five values orientations: "Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's five cultural assumptions together constitute a framework for understanding world-views. A world-view is a culture's orientation towards humanity, nature, the universe, life, death, and other philosophical issues that influence how we see the World."(p.1293).When comparing Chinese and western value orientations, it is generally considered that "the traditional Western belief about Social Relationship is each person is seen as autonomous and separate" and "Members of individualist cultures value self-reliance" (Davis, 2006:191-192).2.2 Researches in ChinaMany Chinese scholars trend to directly apply the Kluckhohn and Strodbeck's Social Relationship value orientations to cross-cultural studies. Some studies investigate the diverse values in the contrast of Chinese and Western cultures. People who study the documentary gradually shift their attention from pure history and creation skills to the cultural elements contained in documentaries.2.2.1 The studies of Chinese and Western culturesAccording to Professor Xu Xingyan, on the cultural form, Chinese culture is unified while western culture is diversified. China has been a strong independent agricultural nation from ancient times. Although there was nomadic culture at the same times, however, "It is only one side of the Chinese culture which can not change the basic nature of the Chinese culture based on farming". And ancient authoritarian rule was based on this kind of economy. Under the kind of economy and the ancient despotism, the unity of ideology is deeply rooted in the minds of people (Xu, 2009: 36-37).The western culture origins from ancient Greek and Roman culture, concentrated in the Mediterranean. And the territories of them are composed ofmany isolated islands. Agriculture in the islands is not as developed as the East River Basin, because of the lack of food, people need to buy from the coast of Egypt and the Black Sea, so the western commercial civilization developed. And the non slavery democratic politics was formed under this geographical conditions (ibid, :40) .According to Zhu Zhixian (1989) in Psychology Dictionary, values is defined as logic, science, art, moral, aesthetic, religious principles, beliefs and standard which promote and guide a person to take decisions and actions, and the core of a personal ideology (qtd. in Du, 2009:2). Professor Xu compares different concepts about human between Chinese and western cultures: Chinese culture adds importance to the social values of people and regards human as a member of a group. Whereas, the wills and value of the individual are emphasized in western culture. Jia Yuxin compares Chinese and Western values from the perspective of intercultural communication: "The unity of heaven and man is bound to lead to the group orientation as Dividedness Between Man and Nature definitely results in the orientation of individualism" (Jia, 1997:61)2.2.2 Studies of documentary from the perspective of cultureSome scholars such as Hou Hong (2006) and Zhu Jinghe (2002) study the production or content of documentary. Differing from them, Zhang Hongjun (2006) discusses the documentary in point of culture. As a special cultural phenomenon, the image recording contains the material level, theoretical system and spiritual core. People determine their own pursuit, faith, and ideals with certain values, and judge their own behaviors with these values to determine their relationship with the world. So value orientation is an important standard to explore the culture of documentary.The documentary, which is dominated by the official consciousness and elite consciousness, is still a major part of China's image recording. And Zhang (2006) tries to give the cultural explanation to that phenomenon: The elite and privileged person are valued, whereas the commonage and the populace are not put stress on because of the sense of hierarchy rooted in patriarchal clan system of traditional society, which has influenced Chinese society for a long time. What is more, the authoritarian nature of the social structure in ancient China brought about the political paradigm of Chinese culture. The elite and the privilege awareness of traditional consciousness affect mentality of Chinese butalso the characteristics of the Chinese documentary (p. 93). As for the implication of kindheartedness to Chinese documentary, the author regards humanism as the basic spirit of Chinese culture. But differing from Western humanism which emphasizes the individuals, Chinese humanism "To put people in the state of harmony between man and nature... and to attach importance to the spiritual world of people" (ibid.:102)Chapter Three Contrastive Study of Chinese and WesternDocumentariesThis chapter chooses two Chinese documentaries The Great Course and The Road to Revival and two Western documentaries China, A New Super Power and China on Four Wheels as the research subjects to study the differences of Western and Chinese documentaries from the points of narrative method, narrative focus and narrative tone.3.1 Narrative methodThe Chinese documentaries promote the image of China by displaying China's achievements, taking a sense of social responsibility and promotion of the theme as the main guiding ideology. Because of the impact of this concept, the Chinese documentaries which the thesis studies record the theme from a unitary perspective. On the contrary, the western documentaries themed in "China's development" are relatively concerned about more extensive perspectives and pay more specific attention to the content, so diverse ideas can be seen in the documentaries.3.1.1 Mono-angleThe Chinese documentaries themed in "China's development" are in keynote of praise. As national spokespeople, they usually use the magnificent frame, exciting events in China and infectious music to show the hardships of the development process and the splendid state of contemporary China from the view of the country. The main theme documentaries usually bear the responsibility of publicizing the achievement of the government to encourage people to contribute to the country. For example, The Great Course is connected with a voiceover commentary spoken by one person and several interviews, showing few different ideas from common people. It introduces how the whole country took actions when China encountered SARS epidemic: "Facing the sudden outbreak of SARS, under leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, the whole Party and the people unite as one, win the fight against SARS." That commentary intends to showfirm and great confidence of the whole country to fight with the disease. But it does not dig out from more angles such as doctors' efforts or people's recovery. Actually, in most part of the two documentaries, general state of national development is introduced, showing the theme: "China's prosperity".3.1.2 Multi-angleThe western documentaries, differing from the Chinese ones, choose richer angle of views and themes. With a similar theme, voiceover and site soundbite intersperses with each other in the documentary China: A New Super Power.In addition to the collection of literature, this German documentary also interviews Chinese people from all walks of life, asking economists, military experts, political commentators, sociologists, writers, journalists, artists, engineers, businessmen and workers and so on about some of the issues in China's development. It affirms China's rapid economic growth: "China has become a recognized power" and "being the second largest economy in the world". Meanwhile, it points out some problems in the development: The modernization of rural area construction lags behind the city. And the protection of rights and interests of migrant workers are still needed to improved, and Guo Yuhua, a socialist, expresses her worries about this phenomenon in the documentary.The documentary also points out that China has made a huge effort to enhance education and scientific research: "China is becoming one of the world's leading think-tank step by step. Though education level is improved, the children of migrant workers do not enjoy equal right to receive education." In summary, the Western documentaries not only explain the development from the aspect of economy, but also from aspects of politics, military, education, science and technology and so on. What's more, both documentaries --- China,A New Super Power and China on Four Wheels choose to interview many Chinese to realize the sate of China and describe the development with diverse angles to show the objectivity. In this way, the subject is enriched with plentiful materials, so the objectivity and diversity of perspectives increase. Indeed, there are some unjust comments and prejudice in the whole video, but they are not discussed in this thesis.3.2 Narrative focusThe two Chinese documentaries are also distinct from the western one in terms of the narrative focus. The Chinese ones trends to show the concern to the whole society while the Western ones tend to focus on personal situation. "Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings" according to Wiki, and generally, it emphasizes people's dignity, encourages liberal views and advocates the equality. Blue ocean civilization gives birth to the Western independence, equality, individual spirit, while the farming civilization has made the Chinese people form a collective ideology of unity and struggle.3.2.1 Social groupIn terms of value orientation, China, as an eastern country, belongs to collectivism which pays attention to the interests of the group and individual social value. Clan, country, the thought of collectivism affects the creation of documentary in the country. In terms of the theme of "China's development", the Chinese documentaries stress on social responsibility, the sense of belonging to the organization and the spirit of collectivism. There are only a few interviews of the common people in the documentaries. And when one is interviewed, he is not the representative of himself but the spokesman of his group. Taking an example, when talking about developing rural area, a farmer Hua Fangping in Pinghu Village being interviewed in The Great Course said: "Now the urban and rural areas are integrating, I think we live in the same level as citizens, and we have been able to catch up with them". What he said is not only about the life of himself, but also represents the entire villager of Pinghu. And it even indicates that many rural areas are showing a new look. This is a typical "group" value: To show a group through the individuals.3.2.2 Personal situationWestern directors focus on the personal liberal spirit, emphasizing the ideas of the individuals. In the Western documentaries, people from all walks of life are interviewed, and each is the representative of himself. In the British documentary China on Four Wheels,the situation after the earthquake in Sichuan is recorded. It focuses on the living situation and emotional state of Mrs. Li andher students after the earthquake in Wenchuan, paying attention to the change of their feelings to show their personal situations. There is neither evaluation of post disaster reconstruction nor the life state of the whole victims after Wenchuan earthquake. China, A New Super Power comprises a series of interviews with more than 20 Chinese people. It is the personal ideas but not the mass views that occupy an important position. These examples show the narrative focus of the Western documentaries trend to single person instead of a group.3.3 Narrative toneThe Chinese documentaries recording the development are also distinct from the western ones in terms of tone of the narrator. The Chinese narrator is in an authoritative tone while the Western one is based on equality.3.3.1 Authority-basedIt is easy to find out that when narrating the serious theme of the development of contemporary China, the Chinese narrators maintain an official, authoritative image in the documentary. And the documentary publicizes its mainstream ideology and manages to educate the audience. There is part of the reason that documentary is influenced by a concept named "Visual Politics" which derives from the Soviet Union. Besides, Chinese collectivism which attaches importance to authority, can also account for the authority-based tone. On study of the two Chinese documentaries The Road to Revival and The Great Course, the producers describe the development of China with a convincing and earnest attitude in an authoritative tone, especially in The Great Course. When it introduces the accomplishments of China's aerospace industry, the narrator says: "‘Shenzhou' and ‘Chang E' symbolize the new state of the Chinese nation on the way to the revival; It shows the world that the independent innovation is the soul of the national progress in a convincing way; Science and technology progress is the powerful engine to promote the country to take off." This truth is told to the audience directly by the narrator rather than found by the audience. Therefore, the audience is placed in the position of listeners. Based on the tone of authority, both documentaries manage to mould their audience with the patriotism feelings and social responsibility.3.3.2 Equality-basedAudience and narrator usually have equal status in western documentaries. The Western documentary producers usually regard themselves as participants in the event during the process of shooting. They are more like explorers and discoverers, intending to explore the secrets and let the life speak itself naturally and sincerely. So western documentaries are closer to audience and appeal to them to show their respect for the viewers. The China on Four Wheels is a typical western documentary which is very different from the Chinese one. In the lens of the documentary, the narrators do not take an official view to observe China. Justin and Anita, the presenters, drive themselves throughout China in order to experience the great changes China has made. Anita walks along the eastern part of China to observe the prosperous side of China while Justin walks along the western to experience the poor side. They attempt to talk with native people to realize the current situation of their lives. Justin goes around ancient Feng Huang Town to capture what Miao, a minority nationality's life is like. In his lens, Feng Huang has been a tourist resort where many tourists flood in for its characteristic culture. According to his native tour guide, tourism improves Miao People's lives' level here: "We are much better now". But he wonders what life is like in remote neither interviews any officials nor uses official literature but just record what they see and experience. In this way, the documentary satisfies the audience's curiosity with an equality-based tone. And the audience can see a real China through the recorders' eyes.Chapter Four Cultural Analysis of Chinese and WesternDocumentariesIn this chapter, the author analyzes the culture origins that lead to the differences of the Chinese and Western documentaries themed in "China's Development".4.1 Monocuturalism/ multiculturalismChina culture is unified, while western culture is diversified (Xu, 2009). Monoculturalism is the practice of actively preserving a national culture via the exclusion of external influences while Multiculturalism describes the existence, acceptance, or promotion of multiple cultural traditions within a single jurisdiction according to Wiki. These two different forms of culture lead to different narrative methods.4.1.1 MonoculturalismChinese civilization was originated from the Yongzi River and Huanghe River. In the vast land, "the river crisscross, the climate is damp and warm, the product is abundant..." (Xu, 2009:34). It provides great soil to develop agriculture which dominated the ancient Chinese economy. What is more, there is extensive desert in the northern frontier, high mountain chains and forest in the southwest being the obstruction which made it difficult to contact with other countries in ancient time. What is more, the ancient rulers advocated physiocracy, which led to the poor exchanges between our country and other countries. Therefore, traditional culture develops along the direction of its own, having a style of its own. China is basically in a unified and centralized state since it entered the civilized society, and the period was very short when there was a split. Under the despotism, the thinking "The land belongs to the king, people all over the word are the king's servants" rooted in people's minds and the Confucianism which advocated the authority dominated people's thought. Generally speaking, monoculturalism is formed because of the monism of economy, politics and thinking in ancient China. So in the Chinese documentaries, the current development is introduced from a general view,introducing the prosperous or positive aspects. As is recorded in Road to the Revival,the commentary makes a general introduction to the fight with the SARS without details from other angles. Both Chinese documentaries publicize one theme: China's power and prosperity.4.1.2 MulticulturalismWestern civilization is different from Chinese civilization. Xu says: "ship of the Western culture was born in the blue sea." The main representative of Western civilization, Roman and Greece are located in Mediterranean, and their territories were dotted with Islands. The narrow land, poor soil and the dry and hot climate in the summer form the environment which is not suitable for growing grain, so the food production are not even self-sufficient. Some densely populated cities such as Athens, purchased grain from the Black Sea coast and Egypt. Thus, business culture was developed in the West. Due to the geographical and economic features of the place, the West formed democracy which was applied to citizens. Owing to the commercial foundation and democratic political conditions, cultural diversity came into being. The world is divided, showing plural patterns to the islands residents. The influence of the multiculturalism can be found in the Western documentaries: They collect the views of Chinese people from all walks of life in order to show a current situation of China. They manage to record China's development from richer angles: economy, politics and so on. It is no doubt that the massive materials and the various perspectives are influenced by the cultural diversity in the West.4.2Collectivism/ IndividualismDocumentary, as a kind of image culture, is bound to imply some values. Kluckhohn (1961) defined value as: "A conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual or characteristic of a group, of the desirable which influences the selection from available modes, means and ends of action. People's attitudes are based on the relatively few, stable values they hold". Kluchohn and Stodtbeck advanced five values orientations. In aspect of social relationship, they classify it into three types: Hierarchy, Group and Individual. "Generally speaking, the most apparent difference between Western and Eastern。
四川农业大学学位英语作文
四川农业大学学位英语作文Sichuan Agricultural University has long been recognized as one of the leading institutions for agricultural education and research in China. As a student at this prestigious university, I have had the privilege of immersing myself in a rich academic environment that has not only broadened my knowledge but also shaped my personal and professional aspirations.The curriculum at Sichuan Agricultural University is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects of modern agriculture. From the fundamental principles of agronomy and soil science to the cutting-edge technologies in precision farming and sustainable resource management, the coursework covers a wide range of topics that are crucial for addressing the complex challenges facing the agricultural sector.One of the standout features of the university's academic program is the strong emphasis on practical application. Through hands-on laboratory sessions, field trips, and internships, students are given the opportunity to apply the theoretical knowledge they have gainedin the classroom to real-world scenarios. This practical approach not only enhances our understanding of the subject matter but also develops essential skills in problem-solving, critical thinking, and decision-making.Moreover, Sichuan Agricultural University has established strong partnerships with leading agricultural research institutions and industry players, both domestically and internationally. These collaborations provide students with access to the latest research, cutting-edge technologies, and industry best practices, further enriching our educational experience.Beyond the academic realm, the university also fosters a vibrant campus life that encourages students to engage in extracurricular activities and develop well-rounded personalities. From student-led clubs and organizations to sports teams and cultural events, there are numerous opportunities for us to explore our interests, hone our leadership abilities, and build meaningful connections with our peers.One of the most impactful experiences I have had as a student at Sichuan Agricultural University is the chance to participate in various research projects and field studies. These opportunities have not only deepened my understanding of specific agricultural topics but have also instilled in me a passion for scientific inquiry and a desire to contribute to the advancement of the field.For instance, I had the privilege of working on a project that explored the use of precision irrigation techniques to optimize water usage and improve crop yields in arid regions. Through this experience, I gained valuable insights into the complex interplay between water management, soil characteristics, and plant physiology, and I developed a newfound appreciation for the role of technology in sustainable agriculture.Another notable aspect of my time at Sichuan Agricultural University has been the exposure to diverse perspectives and cultural exchange. The university attracts students from all over China, as well as international scholars and researchers, creating a vibrant and inclusive learning environment. This diversity has enriched my understanding of different agricultural practices, sociocultural contexts, and global perspectives, ultimately broadening my horizons and preparing me to navigate the increasingly interconnected world of agriculture.As I near the completion of my studies, I am filled with a deep sense of gratitude and excitement for the future. The knowledge and skills I have acquired at Sichuan Agricultural University have not only equipped me with the technical expertise required for a successful career in the agricultural sector but have also instilled in me a strong sense of social responsibility and a commitment to sustainabledevelopment.Looking ahead, I am eager to apply the lessons I have learned at the university to make a tangible impact on the lives of farmers and communities around the world. Whether it is through innovative research, the development of cutting-edge technologies, or the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices, I am determined to leverage my education to contribute to the global effort in ensuring food security, environmental preservation, and the overall well-being of our planet.In conclusion, my experience at Sichuan Agricultural University has been truly transformative. The rigorous academic curriculum, the emphasis on practical application, the exposure to cutting-edge research, and the vibrant campus life have all played a crucial role in shaping my personal and professional growth. As I embark on the next chapter of my journey, I am confident that the foundation I have built at this esteemed institution will continue to serve me well and enable me to make a meaningful difference in the field of agriculture.。
四川农业大学本科生毕业论文
（4）促进销售团队成员理解行动方向
绩效评价指标体系建立的过程是对各层级、部门目标的细分并制定相应标准。在明确、具体的目标指引下,配合管理人员对绩效实施过程的控制和指导，销售团队的每一位成员都将清楚地了解工作任务和目标，采取正确的行动，有利于组织整体绩效目标的实现。
[9］顾英伟、李颖、贾玉杰。BSC在销售团队绩效考评中的运用［J].现代管理科学,2006，11
[10]张春霞.KPI与团队绩效测评[J]。上海商业,2005，4
[11]史蒂夫。沃特豪斯.团队销售[M]。机械工业出版社，2004
[12] Robert S.Kaplan and David P。Norton，Balanced Scoredcard-Measures That Drive Performance，Boston: Harvard Business School Press，1991。
三、研究方法
（一）文献综述法
在考查前人对团队、团队绩效、销售团队、销售团队绩效评价、平衡计分卡(BSC）等方面的研究中，采用文献综述法。通过了解前人的研究内容及结论，归纳总结出前人研究的不足与值得借鉴之处,确定本文研究的方向及内容。
通过查阅相关文献资料，并结合所学知识，对销售团队绩效评价指标体系进行研究，最终得出如何建立一套可被广大企业销售团队采用和借鉴的、科学完善的绩效评价指标体系的方法，以及一套可供企业参考借鉴的销售团队绩效评价指标体系模板。
（三)现状分析
现有对团队工作绩效的研究，较多的理论是定性方面的。从国外看，主要侧重从定性的团队管理技巧等角度对团队工作加以分析，很少从定量的角度对团队工作绩效进行衡量.同时，对销售团队工作绩效考核的战略性导向不足，忽视了团队工作绩效与组织、个人绩效的相互作用。
2010届英语专业本科毕业论文答辩稿
第七方面 我国的研究概况
[1] 语言与交际
[2] 非语言交际 [3] 中西对比（哲学对比、语言对比、习俗对
比、经营管理模式对比） [4] 国民性研究 [5] 理论与研究方法（较弱）
二 跨文化交际方面的论文
1 关于跨文化研究，国外学者研究的内容基
本集中在以下几个方面，包括 1)词汇、 2)语用、 3)非语言交际、 4)交往习俗、 5)社会心理 6)价值观念(教育、宗教、企业文化等）。
二.2 举例
1）词汇 --Analysis on animal words in English and Chinese culture 汉英 词汇文化内涵对比 2）语用 --Cross-cultural communication A Comparison of Chinese and American Journalism --从比喻语言看汉英两个民族的差异 --从习语看汉英两个民族的差异
要 求
感兴趣 有这方面的知识
交叉方向
1) 跨文化与国际商务谈判 2) 商务英语的词汇特征与翻译
商务英语导师
1) 有多年论文指导经验 2) 有很丰富的国内\国外实践经验 3) 不仅指导论文, 也可作为同学们走上社 会的参谋.
Thank You !
跨文化交际方向的 本科论文写作简介
参考论文话题
Task-based English teaching Vocabulary learning Grammar teaching—how? How much? The teaching of reading 中学生口语教学 课堂教学中的教师语言时间
英语系毕业论文范文参考(2011版)【最新范本模板】
宁德师范学院毕业论文专业应用英语指导教师王某某学生张三思学号2005021142题目建构有中国特色的外语教育体系２０11年５月20日论文题目张三思摘要：本文通过对我国外语教育发展及基础教育、高等教育改革（如大学英语教学、英语专业教学改革等)的讨论,阐明了建构具有中国特色的外语教育体系的重要性.同时针对理论研究、师资教育、人才培养等方面所存在的问题，尝试创设立足我国国情、为我国教育发展服务的外语教育体系。
该体系以本土性、多元性、发展性为原则，涵盖外语教育研究、外语教师教育和外语人才培养等三个维面。
关键词：建构；中国特色；外语教育；体系Abstract：This paper illustrates the importance of establishing the foreign language education system with Chinese characteristics through the discussion of the development and reform of foreign language education at different levels in China．Based upon the current situations，the paper also attempts to develop a foreign language education system to solve problems in theoretical research，teacher education and talents cultivation．Key words:construction；Chinese characteristics；foreign language education;system1．引言随着21世纪知识经济的迅猛发展和我国改革开放的不断深化,对外语人才的需求量越来越大,对我国外语教育的要求也越来越高.在教育部领导下,我国实施了基础教育新课程改革、大学英语教学改革、英语专业本科教学评估等一系列措施,极大地推动了我国外语教育的发展。
四川农业大学本科生毕业论文(设计)开题报告 - 修改
藏飞蝗长期以来能够适应高海拔、高紫外辐射、低氧及低气压的生活环境。
国内对西藏飞蝗的研究仅限于其形态特征、分布及其发生动态等。西藏飞蝗的发生规律 因地域的差别而有所差异，西藏飞蝗在西藏地区一年发生l代,以卵在土壤中越冬[5］。李庆等
人在20０7年报道了对西藏飞蝗的生物学特性的研究，西藏飞蝗蝗蝻喜欢在阳光充足、温度较
[13］ 李庆,吴蕾,杨刚,等.温度和紫外辐射胁迫对西藏飞蝗抗氧化系统的影响.生态学报，2 012，３2（10) : ３１89-3１97． [14] 李周直,沈惠娟，蒋巧根,等.几种昆虫体内保护酶系统活力的研究．昆虫学报,1９94,3 ７( 4):３９９-403. [1５] 孙亚真.乌骨鸡黑色素的测定及其理化性质研究.南昌大学硕士学位论文,200８.
有进化上的重要性，因为它们是保守的，特别是那些亲核性的基团，如巯基（－S~)和氨基（－ Ｎ~2)，使其获得抗生素特性。其三，黑色素光吸收和光衍射的特性，被利用在光受体的屏蔽 上并且被认为对爬行动物体温调节起到一定的作用。据报道鱿鱼墨黑色素具有体外清除自由 基螯合金属离子的特性[９］,鱿鱼墨黑色素还可以保护动物的血清和肝脏中的ＳOＤ和CＳＨ-PX 活性,使动物血清和肝脏中的MＡD和脑脂褐质含量显著降低,起到防止自由基对集体脂质的氧 化和对细胞膜的破坏，从而抑制D－半乳糖所致的衰老，有效地清除体内堆积的自由基，使体 内自由基防护体系的功能得以恢复[10]。同时鱿鱼墨黑色素对皮肤细胞的生长和代谢具有一定 的促进作用，胸腺是T淋巴细胞分化成熟的中枢免疫器官,而在衰老中胸腺衰老较早,T细胞增 殖更新减慢，数量下降，免疫功能降低[11]。鱿鱼墨黑色素能有效防止免疫器官的萎缩，达到 延缓衰老的目的[1２]。
毕业论文开题模板(英语专业)
毕业论文（设计）题目
An Empirical Study into Lexical Inference and Strategy Use into EFL Reading
EFL阅读中的词义推测及策略运用实证研究
选题类型
XXX
课题来源
XXX
学院
语言学院
专业
英语
指导教师
Based on the previous studies, this study goes a step further and attempts to investigate the influence of gender, major and language proficiency in a narrowsense,i.e.at tertiary level, on the lexical strategy use and inferential success based on the previous categorization of various lexical inference strategies.Answers to these questions are of great importance to both thepedagogyand language research, which can shed light on and guide the teaching and learning and make the processes more fulfilling and easier. These answerscan alsohelp practitioners tofind some respective methods tocombinethe two processestogetherand make them harmonious in the long run.
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四川农业大学文法学院英语系毕业论文各组成部分写作规范（一）论文封面页论文封面页采用统一的封面格式，内容包括毕业论文题目（英文）、院系别、专业、年级、学生姓名、指导教师及论文答辩完成日期。
专业统一填：英语语言文学。
（二）论文摘要页论英语的衔接以及对英语写作教学的启示专业：英语语言文学姓名：董敏指导教师：陈认真副教授（空1行）摘要：随着语言研究从句子或小于句子的语言单位向整个语篇的转移，近二十年来，在英语外语教学中，出现了许多关于语篇的研究。
而随着系统功能语法的发展，越来越多的语言学家对语篇的衔接给予重视。
…………（空3行）关键词：语篇，衔接，……，……On Cohesion in English and Its Implication in Composition（空1行）Major:English Language and Literature Name:Dong MinSupervisor:Associate Professor Cheng Renzhen（空1行）小三号，居中三号加粗居中小三号居中小三号加粗小四，200字左右，1.5倍行距小三号，加粗小四，3-5个关键词，各关键词之间用逗号三号加粗居中段首行空2中文字符Abstract :Emma lives in a quite simple environment.When she is a little child,her mother dies and she is spoiled by her father.Having such a background,Emma is dominant,aggressive and imaginative.After she experiences the two major affairs in her life----the relationship with Harriet and her emotion towards Mr.Knightley,she realizes her own faults and acquires self-knowledge of both moral faults and emotion.（空3行）Key words:Emma;Characters;Match-making;Self-knowledge(三)论文目录CONTENTS（空1行）Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1Chapter 1A Historical Survey of Studies of Cohesion in English --------------------21.1Definition of the Concept of Text-----------------------------------------------------21.2Cohesion Theory-----------------------------------------------------------------------61.2.1Historic Review-------------------------------------------------------------------61.2.2Brief Introduction of Cohesion Theory---------------------------7(四)论文正文On Cohesion in English and Its Implication in Composition(空一行)Introduction 小三号，加粗小四号，3-5个关键词，各关键词之间用分号隔开段首行空4英文字符小四，200字左右，1.5倍行距三号，加粗，居中第一级编号小四，1.5倍行距三号，加粗，居中小四加粗，1.5倍行距小三号，加粗，居中.空4英文字符小三号，加粗(空一行)The phenomena of the human language are examined and analyzed by linguists,whose research provides techniques,tools,and concepts that allow people to explore closely how language “works.”……Chapter 1A Historical Survey of Studies of Cohesion in English(空一行)1.1Definition of the Concept of TextA discussion must be made on what a text is in order to discuss text-forming devices in English.What is a text?This question is as difficult as that of what a sentence is.According to Fries,“there are more than two hundred definitions of a sentence.”[1]Cohesion Theory mainly discusses that a text is coherent through the use of cohesive devices,which certainly can partly fulfill the task of providing readers an easy access to the text.[2]。
1.2Cohesion Theory…………Chapter 2…………Chapter 3…………ConclusionCoherence backed by cohesion is one important solution for improving students’小三号，加粗，居中，另起页小三号，加粗，居中，另起页小三号，加粗，居中，另起页小三号，加粗，居中，另起页小四，段首空4英文字符，1.5倍行距小四，段首空4英文字符，1.5倍行距writing in term of ……(五)引用1.论文引用部分（含直接和间接引用）篇幅不能超过论文主体篇幅的四分之一，其中直接引用不得超过论文正文字数的15%，否则以剽窃论。
2.正文中直接引用的原文直接将引文并入正文，并在引用部分的前后使用引号标注，同时在引号之后采用阿拉伯数字，对引文进行注释编号；按引用不同书目出现的先后顺序编号，并将每条注释的详细信息集中放入正文之后的参考文献。
引用自同一本书的都用第一次引用出现时标注的序号，并列入参考文献中的同一序号，只是在信息后面加上对应的页码；注释编号采用上标的方式，数字编号放入方括号内，与引号之间不加空格字符，方括号之后空1个字符。
具体格式：(1)P.C.Shelley held a bold view:“Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.”[1](2)P.C.Shelley thought poets “the unacknowledged legislators of the world.”[1](3)“Poets,”according to Shelley,“are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.”[3](4)P.C.Shelley once wrote in a book that poets were the unauthorized law-makers of the world.[4]3.引文超过4行需另起一段，并左右各缩进2个字符。
字体为5号。
There are many writers who describe their youth life.Once Dickens wrote in his novel Great Expectataions :引号前用冒号，数字采用上标，方括号后空一个字符引号前不加标点直接应用的引文如果被断开，前后用逗号隔开通过阐释、描述或者转述的方式间接引用别人的观点，则不用引号，而在间接引用结束以后用数字编序的方式进行注解同一文献再次引用，依然沿用之前编号I give Pirrip as my father's family name,on the authority of his tombstone and mysister -Mrs.Joe Gargery,who married the blacksmith.As I never saw my father or my mother,and never saw any likeness of either of them (for their days were long before the days of photographs),my first fancies regarding what they were like,were unreasonably derived from their tombstones.[1]（六）论文参考书目1．本科毕业论文的参考文献数目不得少于8本（部、篇），参考文献应具学术性和权威性。
2.参考文献中学位论文的数目原则上不得超过参考文献总数的30%。
3．本科毕业论文的参考书目页应该单独起页。
4．论文参考书目中作者的编排方式采用姓前名后（Last Name First ）的原则，中间用逗号隔开，各意义单元间用实心点标示，如Kennedy,John.（外国人）或Li,Xiaoming.（中国人的拼音拼写），文献中的作者不超过三位时全部列出；超过三位时一般只列前三位，后面加“等”字或“et.al.”；作者姓名之间用逗号分开，结尾不带标点。
4．参考文献按引用不同书目出现的先后顺序编号，并将每条注释的详细信息集中放在正文之后的参考文献。
引用自同一本书的都用第一次引用出现时标注的序号，并列入参考文献中的同一序号，只是在信息后面加上对应的页码的先后顺序编号。
方括号后使用Tab 键加空格，悬挂缩进2字符。
5．参考书目用五号字Bibliography（空一行）[1]Fries,C.C.The Structure of English [M].New York:Harcourt,Brace &Co,1952,p:120[2]皮亚杰.结构主义[M].北京:商务印书馆,1984,p:34(一个作者)[3]Eggins,Suzanne,and Diane Slade.Analysing Casual Conversation [M].London:Cassell,1959,p:20(两个作者)[4]Marquart,James W.,Sheldon Ekland Olson,and Jonathan R.Sorensen.The Rope,the Chair,小三号，加粗，居中出版地后用实心冒号点1．著作类（Books ）专著[M]（包含“编著”）另起一行悬挂缩进2字符and the Needle:Capital Punishment in Texas,1923-1990[M].Austin:University of Texas Press,1994,p:23,p:23,p:33(三个作者)[5]Quirk,Randolph,Sidney Greenbaum,Geoffrey Leech,et al.A Comprehensive Grammar ofthe English Language [M].London:Longman,1985,p:22,p:73,p:19(三个以上作者)[6]Encyclopedia of Photography [Z].New York:Crown,1984现代汉语词典[Z].北京：商务印书馆，1992(无作者署名的书)[7]Hall,David.ed.The Oxford Book of American Literary Anecdotes [M].New York:OxfordUniversity Press,1981（书的主编）[8]American Library Association.Intellectual Freedom Manual (2nd ed)[Z].Chicago:ALA,1983高等学校外语学刊研究会.外国语言研究论文索引（1990-1994）[Z].上海:上海外语教育出版社，1996(机构作者)[9]Blotner,Johnson.Faulkner:A Biography (2vols.)[M].New York:Random,1974张道真，现代英语用法词典（5册）[Z].上海：上海译文出版社，1993(一书多册)[10]Arkush,R.David &Lee,Leo O.trans.&nd without Ghost:Chinese impressions ofAmerica from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Present [M].Berkeley:University of California Press,1989赵元任.中国话的文法[M].丁邦新译.香港：香港中文大学出版社，1968(翻译著作)[11]National Institute of Mental Health.Television and Behavior:Ten Years of Scientific Progressand Implications for the Eighties [Z].(DHHS Publication No.ADM 82-1995).Washington,DC:ernment Printing Office,1982《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》[Z].香港：三联书店有限公司，1991(政府文件)[12]蔡文.从《老人与海》看海明威的人生哲学[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2003,p:22,p:73,p:19(学位论文)[13]How to Save Energy[J].Newsweek,1977(18):p:70-80(杂志期刊上未署名的文章)[14]Littlewood,Ruied.The Affective Factors in Second Language Learning[J].Harper’s ,1997(8):p:123-130(杂志期刊上的署名文章)[15]Messick,S.Validity[A].In:R.Linn(ed.).Educational Measurement [C].New York:Macmillan,1989,p:29(独编论文集中文章,论文题目后的大写In 不能漏掉,要在作者姓名后的圆括号里注明ed.)[16]Weinstein,L.,and M.N.Swartz.Pathogenic Properties of Invading Micro-Organisms[A].In该文献第二、第三次引用，按出现先后顺序将相关页码依次附上，中间用逗号隔开，或引用来自几页。