英语人教版八年级下册“一般过去时

4.自从Lucy来中国以来，她就结交了许多朋友。 since ___ she came to China has made Lucy___ ___ many friends____ ____ ___ ___.
三、延续性动词和终止性(瞬间)动词
英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是 延续性的动词，二是终止性(瞬间)动词。 延续性动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成， 而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：work, read, write, study等。 这些动词的完成时可以和一段时间状语连用。 eg: I have studied for two hours.
4. 另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分 瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续 的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介 词短语等。
1). 直接转化成延续性动词
buy
borrow
have
catch (get) a cold
have a cold be
keep come/go /become
4).转换成 be+介词短语
go to school
join the army
be in/at school
be in the army
终止性动词完成时的否定式表示一种否定 状态是可以延续的，所以其否定式可以和 段时间状语连用。 如：I haven’t seen him for ages.我好久 没见到他了。（现在仍没见到他）
He caught _______ a cold three days ago.
③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.
have kept I ___________the book since last week. borrowed I _________the book last week.
④我成为一个学生两年多了.
1. 用含ago等过去时间状语的一般过去时。 1) He left here three years ago. 2) She came back two days ago. 2. “It is +一段时间＋since ＋一般过去时从句 ” 1) It is three years since he left here. 2) It is two days since he came back. 3.一段时间＋has passed + since + 一般过去时从句 1) Three years has passed since he left here. 2) Two days has passed since she came back. 以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。
一段时间的表达方法有两种: for a year 1） for + 一段时间 for two weeks for three years
eg:
for two years have studied I ____________English______________. 我学英语已经两年了。
过去的某一时刻 since last week, since 3 years ago since nine, since 2008 … 2) since + 一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came to China since you got home since 1980 have lived They __________in Beijing____________. 他们自１９８０年就一直住在北京。 We’ve known each othersince _____we were ______children. 我们从小就认识。
终止性(瞬间)动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能 延续的动词。如：come, go, buy, die, join, begin等. 这些动词的肯定式不能和段时间状语连用。 终止性(瞬间) 动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能 和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如可说“He has left.” “She has come back” 但不能说“He has left for three years.” “She has come back for two days” 如果要表达: 1) 他已走了三年了. 2) 她已经回来两天了 可用以下几种表达法：
注意: for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段 时间.有时可进行转换。 对它们提问都用短语： How long 如：
1. He has lived here since 2004. （同义句） for ten He has lived here ____ ___ years ______． He has lived here___ ____ ____ _____. since ten years ago How _____long ____has he lived here? 2. I have studied English for 3 years. since 3 years ago I have studied English___ ____ ____ _____. ＿＿ ＿＿＿have you studied English? How long
1.我学习英语达到3年了。 for__ 3 _____. years I have learned English___ 2.自从9点钟以来，我们就在这儿等他。 since 9:00 We have waited for him____ ______. 3.自从两周前以来，他就在练习打篮球。
since 2 weeks ago He has practiced basketball___ __ ____ ____.
wrote--written drove--driven came--come bought--bought brought--brought took--taken made--made sat--sat fed--fed
already 和 yet的用法 already 已经 通常用于肯定句中或句末 yet 已经，还 通常用于疑问句和否定句末 我已经找到了我的尺子。 I have already ______ found my ruler. already . I have found my ruler________ yet 否定句:I haven’t found my ruler______. yet ？ 一般疑问句:Have you found your ruler ____
(对划线部分提问)
练习 一、 选用 for和 since填空: for 1. We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time. 2. His father has been in the Party since ______ 10 years ago. for 3. The film has been on ______ 20 minutes. 4. Mr Green has worked here ______ since he came to China. 5. His grandparents have been dead ______ several for years. since we met last time. 6. It’s five years _____or over two years. became I _________a student two years ago.
2.不规则变化 am,is was--been write are were--been drive become became— come become buy cut cut-cut bring do did--done take fly flew--flown make go went--gone sit keep kept--kept feed run ran--run
五、一般过去时与现在完成时之比较
1. 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或 单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现 在不发生关系。 而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现 在的情况。
现在完成时
一、基本结构：
肯： 主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词 e.g He (She, It) has studied. We(You,They) have studied.
2). 转换成be+名词 join→ be in …（be a member of … ） join the army be a soldier join the Party be a Party member go to school be a student 3). 转换成 be+形容词或副词 die be dead open be open leave be away close be closed begin be on fall sleep be asleep finish be over
练一练
1.我已经看过这部电影。 already _______the I _____ film. have ________ seen 2.你已经浇过花了吗？ Have you watered the flowers______? yet ______ 3.他刚刚完成了家庭作业。 just finished He ____ ______his homework. has _____ 4.我们曾经去过五仙山。 ever We ____ ____ ______to have been the Wuxian Hills. 5.李雷从不抽烟。 Li Lei _____ _____smoked _______. has never
同义句转换 ①.我们买这本书三年了. have had We __________the book for three years. We __________the book three years ago. bought