2015年6月大学英语四级考试及答案——模拟题三

模拟题三Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Dormitory Life . You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:Dormitory Life1. 大学宿舍的集体生活是全新的体验。

2. 宿舍生活与在家生活的不同之处。

3. 宿舍生活利与弊。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1.Testing TimesResearchers are working on ways to reduce the need for animal experiments, but new laws may increase the number of experiments needed. The current situation In an ideal world, people would not perform experiments on animals. For the people, they are expensive. For the animals, they are stressful and often painful.That ideal world, sadly, is still some way away. People need new drugs and vaccines. They want protection from the toxicity of chemicals. The search for basic scientific answers goes on. Indeed, the European Commission is forging ahead with proposals that will increase the number of animal experiments carried out in the European Union, by requiring toxicity tests on every chemical approved for use within the union's borders in the past 25 years.Already, the commission has identified 140,000 chemicals that have not yet been tested. It wants 30,000 of these to be examined right away, and plans to spendbetween ~ 4 billion —8 billion ($5 billion—10 billion) doing so. The number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will thus, experts reckon, quintuple (翻五倍) from just over lm a year to about 5m, unless they are saved by some dramatic advances in non-animal testing technology. At the moment, roughly 10% of European animal tests are for general toxicity, 35% for basic research, 45% for drugs and vaccines, and the remaining 10% a variety of uses such as diagnosing diseases.Animal experimentation will therefore be around for some time yet. But the search for substitutes continues, and last weekend the Middle European Society for Alternative Methods to Animal Testing met in Linz, Austria, to review progress.A good place to start finding alternatives for toxicity tests is the liver--the organ responsible for breaking toxic chemicals down into safer molecules that can then be excreted. Two firms, one large and one small, told the meeting how they were using human liver cells removed incidentally during surgery to test various substances for long-term toxic effects.One way out of the problemPrimeCyte, the small firm, grows its cells in cultures over a few weeks and doses them regularly with the substance under investigation. The characteristics of the cells are carefully monitored, to look for changes in their microanatomy.Pfizer, the big firm, also doses its cultures regularly, but rather than studying individual cells in detail, it counts cell numbers. If the number of cells in a culture changes after a sample is added, that suggests the chemical in question is bad for the liver.In principle, these techniques could be applied to any chemical. In practice, drugs (and, in the case of PrimeCyte, food supplements) are top of the list. But that might change if the commission has its way: those 140,000 screenings look like a lucrative market, although nobody knows whether the new tests will be ready for use by 2009, when the commission proposes that testing should start.Other tissues, too, can be tested independently of animals. Epithelix, a small firm in Geneva, has developed an artificial version of the lining of the lungs. According to Huang Song, one of Epithelix's researchers, the firm's cultured cells have similar microanatomy to those found in natural lung linings, and respond in the same way to various chemical messengers. Dr. Huang says that they could be used in long-term toxicity tests of airborne chemicals and could also help identify treatments for lung diseases.The immune system can be mimicked and tested, too. ProBioGen, a company based in Berlin, is developing an artificial human lymph node (淋巴结) which, it reckons, could have prevented the neardisastrous consequences of a drag trial held in Britain three months ago, in which (despite the drag having passed animal tests) six men suffered multiple organ failure and nearly died. The drug the men were given made their immune systems hyperactive. Such a response would, the firm's scientists reckon, nave teen identified by their lymph node, which is made from cells that provoke the immune system into a response. ProBioGen's lymph node could thus work better than animal testing. A second alternativeAnother way of cutting the number of animal experiments would be to change the way that vaccines are tested, according to Coenraad Hendriksen of the Netherlands Vaccine Institute. At the moment, all batches of vaccine are subject to the same battery of tests. Dr. Hendriksen argues that this is over-rigorous. When new vaccine cultures are made, belt-and-braces tests obviously need to be applied. But if a batch of vaccine is derived from an existing culture, he suggests that it need be tested only to make sure it is identical to the batch from which it is derived. That would require fewer test animals.All this suggests that though there is still some way to go before drugs, vaccines and other substances can be tested routinely on cells rather than live animals, useful progress is being made. What is harder to see is how the use of animals might be banished from fundamental research. Weighing the balanceIn basic scientific research, where the object is to understand how, say, the brain works rather than to develop a drug to treat brain disease, the whole animal is often necessarily the object of study. Indeed, in some cases, scientific advances are making animal tests more valuable, rather than less. Geneticmodification techniques mean that mice and rats can be remodelled to make them exhibit illnesses that they would not normally suffer from. Also, genes for human proteins can be added to them, so that animal tests will more closely mimic human responses. This offers the opportunity to understand human diseases better, and to screen treatments before human trials begin. However, the very creation of these mutants (突变异种) counts as an animal experiment in its own right, so the number of experiments is increasing once again.What is bad news for rodents, though, could be good news for primates. Apes and monkeys belong to the same group of mammals as humans, and are thus seen as the best subjects for certain sorts of experiment. To the extent that rodents can be "humanised", the number of primate experiments might be reduced.Some people, of course, would like to see them eliminated altogether, regardless of the effect on useful research. On June 6th the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection, an animal-rights group, called for the use of primates in research to be banned. For great apes, this has already happened. Britain, Austria, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Sweden have ended experiments on chimpanzees, gorillas, bonobos and orang-utans. Experiments on monkeys, though, are still permitted. And some countries have not banned experiments on apes. In America, for example, about 1,000 chimpanzees a year are used in research.This is a difficult area. Great apes are man's closest relatives, having parted company from the human family tree only a few million years ago. Hence it can be (and is) argued that they are indispensable for certain sorts of research. On the other hand, a recent study by Andrew Knight and his colleagues at Animal Consultants International, an animal-advocacy group, casts doubt on the claim that apes are used only for work of vital importance to humanity. Important papers tend to get cited asreferences in subsequent studies, so Mr. Knight looked into the number of citations received by 749 scientific papers published as a result of invasive experiments on captive chimpanzees. Half had received not a single citation up to ten years after their original publication.That is damning. Animal experiments are needed for the advance of medical science, not to mention people'ssafety. But if scientists are to keep the sympathy of the public, they need to do better than that.1. The passage summarizes harmful effects of animal experiment. However, as animal experiment is indispensable in a number of areas, it might not be stopped or replaced by other alternatives.2. Animal experiments are needed in research to find new drugs and vaccines, and to find ways of protection from the toxicity of chemicals.3. It is predicted by experts that the number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will quintuple due to a plan to have a large variety of chemical tested.4. People are trying to find alternatives to animal testing, and they started with liver.5. PrimeCyte and Pfizer began to find alternatives to animal testing because they were advocates of animal protection.6. It is found that tissues from liver, lung, and immune system can all be tested independently of animals.7. Although there is more than one alternative to animal experiment, there is still concern over how to eliminate animal testing in fundamental research.8. In basic scientific research, the object is to understand how, say, the brain works rather than to develop a drug to ______ brain disease.9. Indeed, in some cases, scientific advances are making animal tests___________10. Recently, an animal-advocacy group casts doubt on the scientists' claim that apes are used only for __________Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. What is suburbanization? If by "suburb" is meant an urban (47) that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the (48) of the industrial city in the second quarter of the 19th century. Before that period the city was a small highly (49) cluster in which people move about on foot and goods were (50) by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830s and 1840s were (51) along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment.In time, the factories were (52) by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense (53) this encroachment and to enlarge their tax base, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia (54) most of Philadelphia County. Similar things (55) place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States (56) such status only by annexing the communities along their borders.A) locatedB) marginC) conveyedD) compactE) centerF) emergenceG) spaciousH) surroundedI) abandonedJ) plummetK) achievedL) tookM) againstN) forO) incorporatedSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneAs you make your way through the crowded stalls of Beijing's food markets nowadays, you may sometimes be confused as to just what you should be looking for. There is a profusion of fresh vegetables laid out for sale, so much celery, so many Dutch beans, tomatoes, even broccoli and parsley. How different things were only a scant 15 years ago. At that time there was no variety in the selection of vegetables.Today, with bread, jam, milk and eggs available for breakfast instead of porridge, deep-fried dough strips and pickles, more and more people can afford the indulgence of eating whatever they want.It is all the rage for fashionable teenagers to go to a Western restaurant for spaghetti, a hamburger, filed chicken, pizza or a sandwich. Older folks in China have not quite caught on to these trends, as their younger counterparts have, and tend to be more practical, focusing their attention on simple but sensible food. The purpose of eating is not simply to fill one's stomach, they mason, but also to maintain one's mind and body. Products like low-fat foods, vegetables, bean products and "black food" (foods dark in color, believed to be highly nutritious) have all won over many older consumers who would probably blanch at the thought of a McDonald's Happy Meal for lunch.It is an old Chinese tradition to attach great importance and ceremony to the art of dining. When friends come for dinner, they are often treated to a sumptuous banquet, which results in a lot of wasted food. Young people nowadays pay more attention to quality than quantity, though, and innovative contraptions like chafing dishes are starting to appear on Chinese tables instead of the old "eight courses (usually four meat dishes and four vegetable dishes) and one soup" allowing diners to chat while they eat. Some companies are now beginning to treat guests to buffets instead of the traditional big banquet, which helps in turn to cut costs.China is well-known for its food, and that is saying a lot. The famous "eight cuisines" of Chinese kitchens have won accolades from customers as far afield as Capetown and Salt Lake City. But preparing Chinese dishes is no easy job, and it takes one or two hours to serve up one dish with the right flavor, color, taste and shape to satisfy demanding Chinese palates. People of the 1990's just don't have the time any more. Affluence brings more fast food and instant meals in a box, especially frozen food, and the introduction of electric steamers, microwave ovens and electric ranges gives many people an excuse to spend fewer and fewer hours in the kitchen preparing a decent meal.57. What did Chinese people usually have for breakfast 15 years ago?[A] Beans, tomatoes, broccoli and parsley. [B] Bread, jam, milk and eggs.[C] Porridge, deep-filed dough strips and pickles. [D] Bread, milk, porridge and pickles.58. According to the Chinese tradition, dining is not only a way to fill one's stomach but also a[A] revolution [B] trend [C] ceremony [D] waste59. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that Chinese people are spending less time in the kitchen now than in the past?[A] They are much busier than before. [B] They care less about eating than before.[C] More fast food and instant meals are available than before. [D] More modem electric appliances are available than before.60. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?[A] A large variety of foods are available in the Chinese market now.[B] Chinese people like to go to Western restaurants.[C] Traditional Chinese people pay more attention to quantity than to quality.[D] A traditional Chinese dish that presents the right taste, flavor, and color is regarded as an excellent dish.61. What is the author's attitude toward China's gastronomic revolution?[A] In favor of. [B] Indifferent. [C] Against. [D] Holds a balanced view.Passage TwoThe Language Learning Theory course is an option during the third semester of your program. It is an introduction to aspects of Psycholinguistics and SecondLanguage Acquisition Research. The course will deal specifically with those aspects of recent research that are relevant to the comprehension and production of spoken language. Most of the course will, in other words, be spent considering the processes involved in understanding and producing spoken language. At each stage, we shall be relating the implications of recent research and theories to the practice of foreign language teaching. The course aims to provide relevant background for all language teachers who are interested in WHY and HOW current teaching approaches have been developed.The course will be held during the first ten weeks of this semester from 8: 30 to 10: 30 on Tuesday mornings. A handout giving an outline of the topics of each of the ten sessions is available for those who wish to consider the course in more detail.The course will be principally conducted through lecture and seminar. Learners will, at times, be asked to take part in small language experiments. Handouts and worksheets will be distributed each week. Preparatory reading and follow-up reading will be required for each session.Learners' participation in class activities will be taken into consideration. Attendance at classes is essential. There will be four short, assessed assignments during the course. Participation in classes will account for 10% of the final mark. Assignments will account for 60%. The remaining 30% is for the final test—which will be held one week after the end of the course.You may collect the handout (covering the information I have given you today) from me at the end of this session. If you need further details, you are welcome to ask me personally or see the secretary in Room 513. The course code is LLT 96.62. Students who are interested in______ are most UNLIKELY to take this course?[A] Linguistics (language studies). [B] Language teaching. [C] Improving oral skills.[D] Psychology.63. According to the passage, when will the final test of the course be given?[A] The 11th week. [B] The 10th week. [C] The 9th week. [D] The 18th week.64. If a student never skips a class and gets an overall mark of 80 (out of 100) for assignments, what is the minimum mark that the student must obtain in the final exam in order to get 85 (out of 100) as the final mark of the course?[A] 80. [B] 85. [C] 90. [D] 95.65. Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?[A] Language teaching theory is a compulsory course. [B] Each session of this course will last 2 hours.[C] Reading will be required both before and after each session of this course.[D] Students interested in more details about this course may see the speaker in person.66. This passage is the transcript of a speech most probably given by _____.[A] a teaching secretary [B] a teacher [C] a school director [D] a studentPart ⅤClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born (67) . Human brains differ "considerably, (68) being more capable than others. (69) no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has (70) to learn. So the second factor is what (71) to the individual -the sort of environment in which he is brought (72) .If an individual is handicapped (受阻碍) (73) , it is likely that his brain will (74) to develop and he will never (75) the level of intelligence of which he is (76) .The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be (77) by the case history of the (78) twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in (79) fostered (寄养的) homes. Peter was (80) by parents of low intelligence in an (81) community with poor educational opportunities. John, (82) , was educated in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental (83) continued until the twins were (84) their late teens, When they were given tests to (85) their intelligence. John's IQ(智商) was 125, twenty-five, points higher than the (86) and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.67. [A] for [B] by [C] with [D] in68. [A] most [B] some [C] many [D] few69. [A] But [B] For [C] Still [D] And70. [A] necessities [B] realities [C] probabilities [D] opportunities71. [A] refers [B] applies [C] happens [D] concerns72. [A] about [B] up [C] on [D] Out73. [A] relatively [B] intelligently [C] regularly [D] environmentally74. [A] help [B] manage [C] fail [D] perform75. [A] assume [B] attain [C] accomplish [D] accumulate76. [A] capable [B] sensible [C] adequate [D] acceptable77. [A] demonstrated [B] implemented [C] released [D] revealed78. [A] equivalent [B] parallel [C] similar [D] identical79. [A] separate [B] independent [C] remote [D] individual80. [A] grown [B] reared [C] cultivated [D] tamed81. [A] conservative [B] enclosed [C] isolated [D] occupied82. [A] moreover [B] otherwise [C] therefore [D] however83. [A] exception [B] division [C] difference [D] alteration84. [A] in [B] by [C] at [D] for85. [A] estimate [B] evaluate [C] assess [D] measure86. [A] average [B] normal [C] regular [D] ordinaryPart ⅥTranslation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.87. He was almost hurt _________________________________(当公共汽车突然停止的时候).88. I didn’t travel much when I was younger, but I’m certainly_____________________________(弥补失去的时间).89. Only those species __________________________________(能适应并应付变化的环境的) survived; the others died out.90. Chinese Government declares that _______________________________(任何情况下中国都不首先使用) nuclear weapons.91. __________________________ (针对你的呼吁)，we have made effective measures to stop such terrible accident.参考答案Part I Writing [范文]Measures to Relieve Traffic JamAlthough it is convenient and enjoyable to own a car, people have to suffer troubles caused by traffic jam. Today, cars are considered as an important transportation means, especially for those who have to commute between their offices in downtown area and their home in the outskirts of the city. ( 引出文章的主题。

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2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题第三套

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题第三套全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The June 2015 College English Test (CET) Band 4 exam was held on June 13th, 2015. This exam is widely recognized as a challenging test of English proficiency for non-native English speakers in China. The third set of the exam featured a variety of question types, including reading comprehension, cloze test, vocabulary, and writing.The reading comprehension section consisted of multiple passages on topics ranging from environmental issues to technology and cultural differences. These passages required test takers to demonstrate their ability to understand complex written English and answer questions about the main ideas, supporting details, and author’s tone.The cloze test portion of the exam presented a passage with several gaps, which test takers needed to fill in with appropriate words. This section tested students’ knowledge of vocabulary and grammar, as well as their ability to use context clues to determine the correct word for each blank.The vocabulary section tested students’ knowled ge of synonyms, antonyms, and idiomatic expressions. Test takers were required to choose the word or phrase that best fit the context of each sentence.The writing section of the exam asked students to write an essay on a given topic. Test takers were expected to present their opinions clearly and support them with relevant examples and arguments. This section tested students’ ability to organize their thoughts, write coherently, and use appropriate language and grammar.Overall, the June 2015 CET Band 4 exam was a comprehensive test of English proficiency that challenged students’ reading, writing, and vocabulary skills. It served as an important evaluation of students’ English language abilities and provided valuable feedback for both students and educators.篇22015年6月大学英语四级考试真题第三套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on the Sharing Economy. Youshould write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 当前共享经济的兴起2. 共享经济给我们带来了哪些好处3. 我对共享经济的看法My View on the Sharing EconomyIn recent years, the sharing economy has gained increasing popularity and has revolutionized the way we live and do business. The sharing economy, also known as collaborative consumption, refers to the sharing of goods, services, and resources among individuals through online platforms. This trend has brought about a number of benefits to both consumers and the environment.First and foremost, the sharing economy promotes efficiency and sustainability. By sharing resources such as cars, bikes, and accommodation, individuals can reduce waste and lower their carbon footprint. This not only benefits the environment but also saves money for consumers. Furthermore, the sharing economy provides opportunities for individuals to earn extra income by renting out their underutilized assets, such as spare rooms or idle vehicles.Personally, I believe that the sharing economy is a positive development that fosters community and collaboration. It encourages trust and reciprocity among strangers, creating a sense of belonging and connection in an increasingly individualistic society. Additionally, the sharing economy promotes a more equitable distribution of resources and addresses issues of income inequality.In conclusion, the sharing economy represents a shift towards a more sustainable and inclusive economic model. While there are challenges and concerns associated with this trend, such as regulatory issues and potential exploitation, I am hopeful that with proper oversight and safeguards, the sharing economy has the potential to create a more just and environmentally conscious society.篇32015年6月大学英语四级考试真题第三套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Should College Students Hold a Part-time Job?Nowadays, more and more college students choose to hold a part-time job during their college years. Some people believe that holding a part-time job not only enables students to earnsome extra money, but also helps to cultivate their work experience and character. However, others argue that college students should focus on their studies and should not be distracted by part-time jobs. In my opinion, college students should hold a part-time job for the following reasons.To begin with, holding a part-time job can help students gain work experience and cultivate various skills that are necessary for their future career. By working in a real-world setting, students can learn how to communicate effectively, solve problems, and work with others as a team. These practical skills are often not taught in the classroom, and can greatly benefit students in their future endeavors.Furthermore, holding a part-time job can help students become more independent and responsible. When students have to balance their work schedule with their schoolwork, they learn time management skills and become more organized. They also learn the value of hard work and the importance of being punctual and reliable, qualities that are highly valued in the workplace.In addition, holding a part-time job can help students develop a strong work ethic and a sense of responsibility towards their obligations. When students are held accountablefor their performance at work, they learn to take their responsibilities seriously and strive to do their best. This sense of responsibility can also extend to their academic studies, as students understand that they need to fulfill their obligations in all aspects of their life.In conclusion, I believe that college students should hold a part-time job during their college years. By working part-time, students can gain valuable work experience, cultivate essential skills, become more independent and responsible, and develop a strong work ethic. These benefits can greatly enhance students' personal and professional growth, and prepare them for a successful future career.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on answer sheets. For questions 1-7, choose the correct answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Cate Blanchett: The Best Actress in Hollywood?Whether or not Cate Blanchett is the greatest actress of her generation is up for debate. What is not up for debate is that in 2014 she received her second Academy Award for Best Actress, the first was for The Aviator in 2004, for her lead role in the Woody Allen film "Blue Jasmine". To top it off, she was also named the Most Stylish Actress in Hollywood by People magazine because she wore such fashion brands as "Armani" and "Givenchy". Yet, she still retains her status as an indie actress by maintaining a low profile between films.Blanchett however, doesn't consider her image as being that of a chic (时髦) movie star. She calls herself "a character actress at heart. I'll go wherever the challenge is --I'm mt interested in being a movie star." She is embodied by a deep and wide range of roles throughout her career. She played the Queen o Elizabeth I twice in "Elizabeth" and "Elizabeth:The Golden Age" and costarred in the Lord of the Rings trilogy (三部影片的集成体), an adaptation of the Tolkien book. She also played Queen Elizabeth V, the Virgin Queen, in "The Golden Age" (2007).Her interpretations of classic ch abe acures from literature have also made her stand out. In 2012, she performed the role of Blanche DuBois in the Sydney Theatre Company's production of Tennessee Williams' "A Streetcar Named Desire". She gainedparticular acclaim for that role; a critic for the Sydney Morning Herald called it "the role of her life", while another critic said she surpassed even Vivien Leigh in the role, adding, "This is Blanche as you've never seen her before.Blanchett's interview style can be confrontational and aggressive, always involving a dash of the Australian sense of humor. She is known for more than being an actress; she is a wife and a mother; before each of her Oscar-winning performances she gave birth, and now dicbes Rabelais' "Gargantuan feast with her children. She is also known for her work with the environment and was on the Board for the Australian Conservation Foundation, which would suggest that she has a long future of Oscars and environmental awards to come.Blanchett is a shining jewel among actresses and stars -- she is arguably the best in industry today. She just won the BAFTA Award for her role in "Blue Jasmine" and is predicted to win a handful of awards within the next month. So, is Cate Blanchett the best actress in the world? Perhaps. However, we can all agree that she is a supernova among stars.1. In 2014, Cate Blanchett won her second Academy Award for Best Actress for her lead role in __________.A) The AviatorB) Blue JasmineC) ElizabethD) The Golden AgeAnswer: B) Blue Jasmine2. In the film Blue Jasmine, Blanchett portrays a __________.A) queenB) character actressC) movie starD) fashion brandAnswer: B) character actress3. Cate Blanchett played Queen Elizabeth I in the film__________.A)The AviatorB) ElizabethC) Elizabeth: The Golden AgeD) Blue JasmineAnswer: C) Elizabeth: The Golden Age4. In 2012, Cate Blanchett performed the role of Blanche DuBois in a production of __________.A) The AviatorB) A Streetcar Named DesireC) Blue JasmineD) The Golden AgeAnswer: B) A Streetcar Named Desire5. Critics have praised Cate Blanchett's performance in "A Streetcar Named Desire" as __________.A) not up to parB) a role requiring further improvementC) the role of her lifeD) better than Vivien Leigh's versionAnswer: C) the role of her life6. Before giving her Oscar-winning performances, Blanchett __________.A) appeared in the Sydney Morning HeraldB) gave birth to her childrenC) appeared as a character actressD) appears in moviesAnswer: B) gave birth to her children7. In addition to acting, Cate Blanchett is also known for her work __________.A) as a modelB) with the environmentC) in the fashion industryD) as a wife and motherAnswer: B) with the environment8. Cate Blanchett is known for maintaining a low profile between films, thus retaining her status as __________.Answer: an indie actress9. Cate Blanchett has played Queen Elizabeth I multiple times, including in the film____________.Answer: Elizabeth: The Golden Age10. Critics have praised Cate Blanchett's performance as Blanche DuBois, calling it____________.Answer: the role of her lifePart III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A (15 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. Speaker A) How does the man respond?A) He is unsure.B) He has already visited the museum.C) He has not yet visited the museum.D) He is planning to visit the museum soon.12. Speaker A) What does the woman ask the man to do?A) to close the doorB) to take the groceries from the carC) to feed the babyD) to open the window13. Speaker A) How does the man respond when asked for help?A) He is willing to help.B) He cannot help.C) He is too busy to help.D) He needs more information on how to help.14. Speaker A) What is the woman doing?A) She is reading a book.B) She is writing a letter.C) She is making a phone call.D) She is watching TV.15. Speaker A) What does the man ask?A) For directions to the train stationB) For a way to get to the nearest restaurantC) For the best way to the stationD) For directions to a bus stopSection B (20 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One16. What time does the library close on Tuesdays?A) at 7:30 pmB) at 5:00 pmC) at 8:00 pmD) at 10:00 pm17. Where is the library located?A) on Maple StreetB) on Third AvenueC) on Elm AvenueD) on Fifth Street18. Why can't the speaker help the listener with the grade he is seeking?A) The man's grade is too low.B) The speaker doesn't know the grade.C) The man is a new student.D) The speaker cannot access the grade book.Passage Two19. What does the woman suggest the man do?A) Go to the birthday party.B) Talk to the professor.C) Study over the weekend.D) Find a study group.20. Why can't the man hear well?A) He is busy with work.B) He is overwhelmed with schoolwork.C) He has a bad cold.D) He has a dental issue.21. What is the main purpose of the birthday celebration?A) To commemorate the man's achievements.B) To celebrate the beginning of the school year.C) To recognize the woman's achievements.D) To enjoy a day off.Passage Three22. What is the man concerned about?A) The poor quality of the breakfast.B) The high cost of the breakfast.C) The cold temperature of the breakfast.D) The small portion size of the breakfast.23. What does the man plan to do after breakfast?A) Go for a run.B) Take a nap.C) Go to the gym.D) Work at home.24. How does the man refer to the breakfast overall?A) Unpleasant.B) Impressive.C) Mediocre.D) Satisfactory.Section C (10 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Conversation One25. Why is Mark so tired?A) He has not slept well lately.B) He has been working long hours.C) He has a medical condition.D) He has been exercising too much.26. What type of exercise does Mark do?A) Running on a treadmill.B) Lifting weights.C) Swimming laps.D) Riding a bike.27. How does Joe feel about exercise?A) He doesn't like to exercise.B) He loves to exercise.C) He finds it rewarding.D) He only exercises occasionally.28. What does Joe suggest Mark do after work?A) Watch TV.B) Take a nap.C) Go swimming.D) Have a meal.Conversation Two29. What has just happened at the table?A) A drink has been spilled.B) Someone has fallen.C) Food has been dropped.D) A plate has broken.30. Who finally volunteers to help clean up?A) The waiter.B) The woman.C) The man.D) The busboy.31. What will likely happen to the bill?A) It will be reduced.B) It will be increased.C) It will be paid by the man.D) It will be ignored.32. What food has been ordered?A) Pasta.B) Pizza.C) Salad.D) Soup.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A (10 minutes)Directions: In this section, there is one passage with 5 statements. After reading the passage, you should match each statement with the paragraphs from the passage. Mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.A. Green exercising is a term that specifically refers to activities and exercise in natural environments. Recent studies show that it helps reduce stress, improve mood, and enhance overall mental well-being.B. The concept of green exercising is based on the belief that exercises done in natural surroundings have additional health benefits beyond those of traditional exercise. Green exercise includes activities such as hiking, running, and cycling in parks.C. The idea of green exercising is based on the benefits of spending time outdoors and breathing fresh air. It is believedthat being in nature positively affects mental well-being and physical health.D. Doctors and psychologists increasingly recommend green exercising as a way to treat and prevent conditions such as anxiety, depression, and stress. Spending time in nature is considered beneficial to both mental and physical health.E. Green exercisers have reported that they feel more energized, happier, and less anxious after their outdoor activities. This is consistent with the idea that spending time in natural environments has a positive effect on mental well-being.33. Studies have shown that green exercising can reduce stress, enhance mood, and improve overall mental well-being.34. Doctors and psychologists view green exercising as a valuable way to prevent and treat anxiety, depression, and stress.35. According to research, the benefits of green exercising go beyond traditional exercise activities.36. Green exercisers have reported feeling happier, more energized, and less anxious after their outdoor activities.37. Spending time in nature is believed to positively impact both mental well-being and physical health.Section B (10 minutes)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Music and EmotionA. While music has been an important part of human culture for thousands of years, its exact function remains unknown. Is music simply a form of entertainment, or does it serve a deeper purpose in the human experience? Recent research indicates that music can profoundly influence human emotions and behavior.B. One key finding of recent research is that music has the ability to evoke strong emotions in listeners. Certain pieces of music can make people feel happy, sad, or anxious, depending on their emotional state and the context in which the music is heard.C. It is well known that people often turn to music in times of emotional distress or celebration. Songs can serve as a form of therapy, helping individuals to process their emotions and find comfort in difficult times. In this way, music plays a vital role in emotional regulation.D. Music has also been shown to impact human behavior. Studies have found that background music in stores can influence shoppers' purchasing decisions, while music in gyms can motivate people to exercise. In addition, music is commonly used in advertising to create a certain mood and enhance the appeal of products.E. The potential of music to influence human emotion and behavior has caught the attention of researchers in various fields. Understanding how music affects the brain and emotions may lead to new therapies for conditions such as anxiety, depression, and chronic pain.38. Recent research has shown that music can have a profound impact on human emotions and behavior.39. Music is commonly used as a form of therapy to help individuals cope with emotional distress.40. Background music in stores and gyms has been found to influence shoppers' purchasing decisions and motivate people to exercise.41. Researchers from different fields are interested in studying how music affects the brain and emotions.42. Studies have found that certain pieces of music can evoke strong emotions in listeners, such as happiness, sadness, or anxiety.Section C (5 minutes)Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneIf you want to succeed in business, networking is a key skill to develop. Networking involves building and maintaining relationships with others in your industry, as well as potential clients and customers. By expanding your network, you can gainvaluable connections, insights, and opportunities that can help you grow your business.43. What is the main purpose of networking in business?A) To increase sales revenue.B) To build and maintain relationships.C) To gain insights into competitors.D) To expand product lines.44. How can networking benefit a business?A) by increasing competitionB) by reducing expensesC) by creating valuable connections and opportunitiesD) by eliminating the need for advertisingPassage TwoAs the world becomes increasingly digital, cybersecurity has become a top priority for businesses of all sizes. Cyber attacks can pose a serious threat to a company's data, financial security, and reputation. To protect against cyber threats, businesses must invest in robust cybersecurity measures and ensure that their employees are trained in best practices for online security.45. What is a major concern for businesses in the digital age?A) competitionB) reputation managementC) online advertisingD) employee productivity46. What can cyber attacks threaten for a company?A) employee moraleB) financial securityC) product developmentD) customer serviceAnswers:Part I Writing (sample answer):Nowadays, holding a part-time job during college can be a beneficial experience for students. Not only does it provide students with the opportunity to earn extra money, but it also allows them to gain valuable work experience and develop important life skills. In my opinion, college students should consider holding a part-time job for the following reasons.Firstly, holding a part-time job can help students develop essential skills that are necessary for their future careers. By working in a real-world setting, students can learn how to communicate effectively, solve problems, and work as part of a team. These practical skills are often not taught in the classroom and can greatly benefit students in their future endeavors.Additionally, holding a part-time job can help students become。

2015年6月大学英语四级考试及答案——模拟题三范文

2. 宿舍生活与在家生活的不同之处。

3. 宿舍生活利与弊。

最全的2015年6月英语四级(三套)真题及答案分析

2015年6月英语四级真题答案完整版(试卷一)作文真题听力真题Short conversations1.W: I’m going to give up playing chess. I lost again today.M: Just because you lost? Is that any reason to quit?Q: What does the man imply?2.M: Do you know Sally’s new address? She’s got some mail here, and I’d like to forward it to her.W: Well, we’ve not been in touch for quite a while. Let’s see. Mary should know it.Q: What does the woman mean?3.W: I missed classes this morning. Could you please lend me your notes?M: My notes? You’ve never see my handwriting, have you?Q: What does the man imply?4.M: I’m taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight.W: I went there last weekend, I found it rather disappointing.Q: What does the woman mean?5.W: Winter is over at last. Time to put away my gloves and boots.M: I’ve been waiting for this for months.Q: What does the man mean?6.W: Thank you for bringing the books back.M: I thought you need them over the weekend. Many thanks for letting me use them.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?7.W: Are you working flexible hours?M: No, I’m not. The weather today is so nice, so I decided to walk to work, and that meant I had to leave an hour earlier than usual.Q: What did the man decided to do?8.W: Our plane has been circling for a long time. Why the delay?M: The airport is closed for a while this morning, and things are still not back to normal.Q: What does the man mean?Long conversation长对话一Woman: Morning, this is TGC!Man: Good morning, Walter Barry here, calling from London. Could I speak to Mr. Grand, please?Woman: Who’s calling, please?Man: Walter Barry, from London.Woman: What is it about, please?Man: Well, I understand that your company has a chemical processing plant. My own company LCP, Liquid Control Products, is a leader in safety from leaks in the field of chemical processing. I’d like to speak to Mr. Grand to discuss ways in which we could help TGC to protect itself from such problems and save money at the same time.Woman: Yes, I see. Well, Mr. Grand is not available just now.Man: Can you tell me when I could reach him?Woman: He’s very busy for the next few days. Then he’ll be away in New York. So it’s difficult to give you a time.Man: Could I speak to someone else, perhaps?Woman: Who, in particular?Man: A colleague, for example?Woman: You are speaking to his personal assistance. I can deal with calls for Mr. Grand.Man: Yes, well, could I ring him tomorrow?Woman: No, I’m sorry, he won’t be free tomorrow. Listen, let me suggest something. You send us details of your products and services, together with references from other companies. And then we’ll contact you.Man: Yes, that’s very kind of you. I have your address.Woman: Very good, Mr…?Man: Barry. Walter Barry, from LCP in London.Woman: Right, Mr. Barry. We look forward to hearing from you.Man: Thank you, goodbye.Woman: Bye.9. What do we learn about the woman’s company?10. What do we learn about the man?11. What’s the woman’s position in her company?12. What does the woman suggest the man do?Long conversation长对话二Man: Miss Yamada, did you ever think that you would find yourself living and working in the western world?Woman: No, not really, although I’ve always listened to recordings of great orchestras from Europe.Man: So you enjoyed classical music even when you were very young?Woman: Oh, yes. I was an only child.Man: You were born in 1955, is that right?Woman: Yes, I began violin lessons at school when I was 6.Man: As young as that, did you like it?Woman: Oh, yes, very much.Man: When did you first play on your own? I mean, when did you give your first performance?Woman: I think I was 8…? No, Nine. I just had my birthday a week before, and my father had bought me a new violin. I played a small piece at the school concert.Man: Did you know then that you would become a professional violinist?Woman: Yes, I think so. I enjoy playing the violin very much, and I didn’t mind practicing, sometimes three or four hours a day.Man: And when did you first come to Europe?Woman: I was very lucky. When I was fifteen, I won a scholarship to a college in Paris. That was for a three-year course.Man: How did your parents feel about that?Woman: I think they were pleased and worried at the same time. It was the chance of a lifetime. But of course I would be thousands of miles from home. Anyway, I studied in Paris for three years and then went back to Tokyo.13. What do we know about the woman before she went to Europe?14. What does the woman say about her music experience?15. What does the woman say about her study in Paris?Spot DictationLooking at the basic biology systems, the world is not doing very well. Yet economic indicators show the world is prospering. Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the decade. The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created. How can biological indicators show the opposite of economic indicators?The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resources uses that sustain progress and those uses that will hurt it. The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). In simple terms, this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment. Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped establish a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output. For some time, this seemed to work reasonably well, but serious weakness are now appearing. As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not take into account the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.This basic fault can produce a misleading sense of national economic health. According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forest actually do better than those that preserve their forest. The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for using up the forests.Passage OneWhat makes a person famous? This is a mystery that many people have carefully thought about. All kinds of myths surround the lives of well-known people.Most people are familiar with the works of William Shakespeare, one of the greatest English writers of the 16th and 17th centuries. Yet how many know Shakespeare the person, the man behind the works?After centuries of research, scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history. It is not easily found in his writings. Authors of the time could not protect their works. An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to. Nowadays, writers have copyrights that protect their work.Many myths arose about Shakespeare. Some said he had no formal education. Others believe that he began his career by tending the horses of wealthy men. All of these myths are interesting, but are they true? Probably not. Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-on-Avon, a member of the town council. He sent young William to grammar school. Most people of Elizabethan times did not continue beyond grammar school; so, Shakespeare did have, at least, an average education.Some parts of Shakespeare's life will always remain unknown. The Great London Fire of l666 burned many important documents that could have been a source of clues. We will always be left with many questions and few facts.Question16 What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare?Question 17 What do we learn about Shakespeare's father?Question 18 Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeare's life will remain a mystery? Passage TwoWherever you go and for whatever reason, it's important to be safe. While the majority of people you will meet when travelling are sure to be friendly and welcoming, there are dangers-theft being the most common.Just as in your home country, do not expect everyone you meet to be friendly and helpful. It's important to prepare for your trip in advance and to take precautions while you are travelling. As you prepare for your trip, make sure you have the right paperwork. You don't want to get to your destination only to find you have the wrong visa, or worse, that your passport isn't valid any more. Also, make sure you travel with proper medical insurance, so that if you are sick or injured during your travels, you will be able to get treatment. If you want to drive while you are abroad, make sure you have an international driver's license.When you get to your destination, use official transport. Always go to bus and taxi stands. Don't accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift. If there is no meter in the taxi, agree on a price before you get in. If you prefer to stay in cheap hotels while travelling, make sure you can lock the door of your room from the inside. Finally, remember to smile. It's the friendliest and most sincere form of communication, and is sure to be understood in any part of the world!Question 19 What is mentioned as a most common danger when people go travelling abroad?Question 20 What is the most important thing to do when you prepare for your trip abroad?Question 21 What does the speaker suggest you do when you arrive at your destination? Passage 3The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves, but even their sense of humour has a limit, as the British retailer Gerald Ratner found out to his cost. When Ratner took over his father's chain of 130 jewelry shops in 1984, he introduced a very clear company policy. He decided that his shops should sell down market products at the lowest possible prices. It was a great success. The British public loved his cheap gold earrings and his tasteless silver ornaments. By 1991, Ratner's company had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds. But in April of that year, Gerald Ratner made a big mistake. At a big meeting of top British businesspeople, he suited up and explained the secret of his success. People say "How can we sell our goods for such a low price?" I say "Because they are absolute rubbish." His audience roared with laughter. But the British newspapers and the British public were not so amused. People felt insulted and stayed away from Ratner's shops. Sales fell and 6 months after his speech, Ratner's share price had fallen by 42%. The following year, things got worse and Gerald Ratner was forced to resign. By the end of 1992, he lost his company, his career and his house. Even worse, 25,000 of his employees had lost their jobs. It had been a very expensive joke.Question 22 What did Gerald Ratner decide to do when he took over his father's shops?Question 23 On what occasion did Gerald Ratner explained the secret of his success?Question 24 How did people feel when they leaned of Gerald Ratner's remarks?Question 25 What does the story of Gerald Ratner suggest?翻译真题在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。

2015年6月英语四级真题答案及解析(卷三)

12015年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解Part Ⅰ Writing审题思路这是一篇四级考试中常见的图画作文。

图片中展现的是一个女孩告诉妈妈她考入了妈妈心中理想的学校，其寓意是揭露现如今的家长为孩子做重大决定的普遍现象。

写作提纲一、描述图片：描述图片：女孩考人了妈妈心中的理想大学(was accepted to the college of your choice). 二、分析现象：1、家长为孩子做决定的普遍性（It is such a common thing nowadays that parents make a lot of decisions for their children...)2、诸多原因（a wiser choice, only child, unfulfilled dreams)三、提出建议：l 、年轻人应该自己做决定(make decisions by themselves )2、成为自己命运的主人（to be master of their own fate)范文点评高分范文精彩点评Being Master of Your Own Fate ① As is vividly depicted in the picture, a young girl is telling her mother, “Good news, I was accepted to the college of your choice. ” ② But ironically ，the three words “ of your choice ” reveal the truth that the dream which has just come true does not belong to the girl at all. ③ It is such a common thing nowadays that parents make alot of decisions for their children ，even at the major turning points of their life, including choosing colleges and majors, hunting for ajob or getting married. ④ Several reasons account for thisphenomenon. ⑤ First of all, parents always think that they areable to make a wiser choice than teenagers .⑥ Also ，they attach too much attention to their only child in the family.⑦ Whafs more, it seems to be the only way to realize their unfulfilled dreams by letting their children do things that they want them to. ⑧ For teenagers, there is a long way to go in their life. They will finally make decisions by themselves. ⑨ To be master of their own fate is a great step in their growth.① ②描述图片内容:女孩实现了妈妈的理想。

2015年6月四级真题及答案解析（三套全）

2015年6⽉四级真题及答案解析（三套全）2015年6⽉四级第⼀套Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A) He is pleased to sit on the committee. B) He is willing to offer the woman a hand.C) He will tell the woman his decision later. D) He would like to become a club member.2. A) Their planned trip to V ancouver is obviously overpriced.B) They should borrow a guide book instead of buying one.C) The guide books in the library have the latest information.D) The library can help order guide books about Vancouver.3. A) He regrets having taken the history course.B) He finds little interest in the history books.C) He has trouble finishing his reading assignments.D) He has difficulty writing the weekly book report.4. A) The man had better choose another restaurant.B) The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.C) The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.D) The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.5. A) He has been looking forward to spring. B) He has been waiting for the winter sale.C) He wi ll clean the woman’s boots for spring. D) He will help the woman put things away.6. A) At a tailor’s B) At Bob’s home.C) In a clothes store. D) In a theatre.7. A) His guests favor Tibetan drinks. B) His water is quite extraordinary.C) Mineral water is good for health. D) Plain water will serve the purpose.8. A) Report the result of a discussion. B) Raise some environmental issues.C) Submit an important document. D) Revise an environmental report.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) They pollute the soil used to cover them. B) They are harmful to nearby neighborhoods.C) The rubbish in them takes long to dissolve. D) The gas they emit is extremely poisonous.10. A) Growing population. B) Packaging materials.C) Changed eating habits. D) Lower production cost.11. A) By saving energy. B) By using less aluminum.C) By reducing poisonous wastes. D) By making the most of materials.12.A) We are running out of natural resources soon.B) Only combined efforts can make a difference.C) The waste problem will eventually hurt all of us.D) All of us can actually benefit from recycling.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) Miami. B) Vancouver. C) Bellingham. D) Boston.14. A) To get information on one-way tickets to Canada.B) To inquire about the price of “Super Saver” seats.C) To get advice on how to fly as cheaply as possible.D) To inquire about the shortest route to drive home.15. A) Join a tourist group. B) Choose a major airline.C) Avoid trips in public holidays. D) Book tickets as early as possible.Section BPassage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) There are mysterious stories behind his works.B) There are many misunderstandings about him.C) His works have no match worldwide.D) His personal history is little known.17. A) He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.B) He failed to go beyond grammar school.C) He was a member of the town council.D) He once worked in a well-known acting company.18. A) Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.B) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.C) His works were adapted beyond recognition.D) People of his time had little interest in him.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It shows you have been ignoring you health.B) It can seriously affect your thinking process.C) It is an early warning of some illness.D) It is a symptom of too much pressure.20. A) Reduce our workload. B) Control our temper.C) Use painkillers for relief. D) Avoid masking symptoms.21. A) Lying down and having some sleep. B) Rubbing and pressing one’s back.C) Going out for a walk. D) Listening to light music.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Depending heavily on loans. B) Having no budget plans at all.C) Spending beyond one’s means.D) Leaving no room for large bills.23. A) Many of them can be cut. B) Alt of them have to be covered.C) Their payment cannot be delayed. D) The eat up most of the family income.24. A) Rent a house instead of buying one. B) Discuss the problem in the family.C) Make a conservation plan. D) Move to a cheaper place.25. A) Financial issues plaguing a family. B) Difficulty in making both ends meet.C) Family budget problems and solutions. D) New ways to boost family income.Section CPerhaps because going to college is so much a part of the American dream, many people gofor no(26)_____reason. Some go because their parents expect it, others because it’s what their friends are doing. Then, there’s the belief that a college degree will(27)____ensure a good job and high pay.Some students (28)____ through for years ,attending classes, or skipping(逃课) them as the case may be, reading only what can’t be avoided, looking for less(29)_____courses, and never being touched or changed in any important way. For a few of these people, college provides no (30)____, yet because of parental or peer pressure, they cannot voluntarily leave. They stop trying in the hope that their teachers will make the decision for them by (31)____ them.To put it bluntly(直截了当地)，unless you’re willing to make your college years count, you might be (32)_____ doing something else. Not everyone should attend college, nor should everyone who does attend begin right after high school. Many college students (33)_____ taking a year or so off. A year out in the world helps some people to (34)_____their priorities and goals. If you’re really going to get something out of going to college, you have to make it mean something, and to do that you must have some idea why you’re there, what you hope to get out of it, and (35)_____even what you hope to become.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.It’s our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common eve ryday activity, after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting 36 can lead to obesity(肥胖症) and other diseases, researchers have now quantified just how 37 being a couch potato can be.In an analysis of data from eight large 38 published studies, a Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel 39 , the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a 40 , and the odds of dying prematurely 41 13% during a seven-year follow-up. All of these 42 are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary(久坐的) activities, like knitting, viewing TV may be especially 43 at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to 44 them.Even so, the authors admit that they didn’t compare different sedentary activities to45 whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes, heart disease or early deathSection BEssay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break[A] Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and getting a gradefrom a professor a few weeks later, clicking the “send” button when you are clone and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being clone with that exam, imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade.[B] EdX, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology (MIT) to offer courses on the Internet, has just introduced such a system and will make its automated (⾃动的) software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers, fleeing professors for other tasks.[C] The new service will bring the educational consortium (联盟) into a growing conflict over therole of automation in education. Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics. [D] Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of EdX, predicted that the instant-grading software would be a useful teaching tool, enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers. He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks for grades. “There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback,” Dr. Agarwal said. “Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback.”[E] But skeptics (怀疑者) say the automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtimecritic, Les Perelman, has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human graders.[F] He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition (呼吁) opposingautomated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly 2,000 signatures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky.[G] “Let’s face the realities of automatic essay scoring,” the group’s statement reads in p art.“Computers cannot ‘read.’ They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical(伦理的) position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others.”[H] But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities. It offers freeonline classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley; this fall, it will add classes from Wellesley, Georgetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools.[I] The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders, to first grade 100 essays or essayquestions. The system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical (数字的) rank.[J] EdX is not the first to use the automated assessment technology, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states—Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West Virginia—are using some form of the technology in secondary schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimented with it. In some cases the software is used as a “second reader,” to check the reliability of the human graders.[K] But the growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to developa joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology.[L] Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create “massive open online courses,” or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. “It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally gravitating (吸引) to ward resubmitting the work until they get it right,” said Daphne Koller, a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera.[M]Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100,000 prizes aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contests, Vik Paruchuri, was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software.[N] “One of our focuses is to help kids learn how to think critically,” said Victor Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. “It’s probably impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time.”[O] Mark D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundation’s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. I n his view, the technology—though imperfect—has a place in educational settings.[P] With increasingly large classes, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’s best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools.[Q] “Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a mac hine ever could,” Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world.”46. Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition toautomated essay grading.47. Using sof tware to grade students’ essays saves teachers time for other work.48. The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.49. Though the automated grading System is widely used in multiple-choice tests, automatedessay grading is still criticized by many educators.50. Some people don’t believe the software grading system can do as good a job as humangraders.51. Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famousuniversities.52. Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured by computerrating programs.53. As class size grows, most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how toimprove their writing.54. The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of humangraders.Section CPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yieldsof some of the world’s major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat, corn and soyabeans (⼤⾖). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous (⼈⼝多的) countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Com and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert (回返) to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.56. What does the author try to draw attention to?A) Food riots and hunger in the world. B) News headlines in the leading media.C) The decline of the grain yield growth. D) The food supply in populous countries.57. Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A) Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B) Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C) Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D) Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.58. What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A) They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B) They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C) They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.59. What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in thecoming decades?A) The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B) The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C) The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.60. How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation?A) It is built on the findings of a new study.B) It is based on a doubtful assumption.C) It is backed by strong evidence.D) It is open to further discussion.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.The endless debate about “work-life balance” often contains a hopeful footnote about stay-at-home dads. If American society and business won’t make it easier on future female leaders who choose to have children, there is still the ray of hope that increasing numbers of full-time fathers will. But based on today’s socioeconomic trends, this hope is, unfortunately, misguided.It’s true that the number of men who have left work to do their thing as full-time parents has do ubled in a decade, but it’s still very small: only 0.8% of married couples where the stay-at-home father was out of the labor force for a year. Even that percentage is likely inflated by men thrust into their caretaker role by a downsizing. This is simply not a large enough group to reduce the social stigma (污名) and force other adjustments necessary to supporting men in this decision, even if only for a relatively short time.Even shorter times away from work for working fathers are already difficult. A study found that 85% of new fathers take some time off after the birth of a child—but for all but a few, it’s a week or two at most. Meanwhile, the average for women who take leave is more than 10 weeks.Such choices impact who moves up in the organization. While you’re away, someone else is doing your work, mak ing your sales, taking care of your customers. That can’t help you at work. It can only hurt you. Women, of course, face the same issues of returning after a long absence. But with many more women than men choosing to leave the workforce entirely to raise families, returning from an extended parental leave doesn’t raise as many eyebrows as it does for men.Women would make more if they didn’t break their earning trajectory (轨迹) by leaving the workforce, or if higher-paying professions were more family-friendly. In the foreseeable future, stay-at-home fathers may make all the difference for individual families, but their presence won’t reduce the numbers of high-potential women who are forced to choose between family and career.61. What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work-life balance?A) More men taking an extended parental leave.B) People’s changing attitudes towards family.C) More women entering business management.D) The improvement of their socioeconomic status.62. Why does the author say the hope for more full-time fathers is misguided?A) Women are better at taking care of children.B) Many men value work more than their family.C) Their number is too small to make a difference.D) Not many men have the chance to stay at home.63. Why do few men take a long parental leave?A) A long leave will have a negative impact on their career.B) They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work.C) The economic loss will be too much for their family to bear.D) They are likely to get fired if absent from work for too long.64. What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?A) Jealousy. B) Surprise. C) Admiration. D) Sympathy.65. What does the author say about high-potential women in the not-too-distant future?A) They will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at home.B) They will find high-paying professions a bit more family-friendly.C) They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family.D) They will still face the difficult choice between career and children.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)据报道，今年中国快递服务(courier service)将递送⼤约120亿包裹。

2015年6月英语四级答案完整版

2015年6月英语四级答案完整版一、听力（35题，35分）Short Conversations 1. A. The woman should go on playing chess. 2. D. Mary probably knows Sally’s new address. 3. B. His notes are not easy to read. 4. D. The man had better choose another restaurant. 5 .C. He has been looking forward to spring. 6. B. The man appreciates the woman’s help. 7. B. Go to work on foot. 8. A. Temporary closing has disturbed the airport’s operation. Conversion one 9. C. It has a chemical processing plant. 10. D. He’s a salesman. 11.C. Mr. Grand’s personal assistance. 12. B. Provide details of their products and services. Conversion two 13. A. She listened to recordings of many European orchestras. 14. D. She began taking violin lessons as a small child. 15. A. It was the chance of a lifetime. Passage One 16. B) His personal history is little known. 17. D) He was a member of the town council. 18. C) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. Passage Two 19. A) Theft. 20. B) Have the right documents. 21. B) Use official transport. Passage 3 22. C) Sell inexpensive products. 23. A) At a meeting of top British businesspeople. 24. D) Insulted. 25. B) There should be a limit to one's sense of humour 填空: 26. prospering 27. decade 28. opposite 29. sustain 30. In simple terms 31. establish 32. reasonably 33. take into account 34. misleading 35. using up 分）二、选词填空（10题，5分）第一套选词填空：第一套选词填空：36 announcing 37 entitled 38 critically 39 potential 40commitment 41develop 42enhance 43retain 44component 45challenges 第二套选词填空：第二套选词填空：36 assets 37 excellent 38 origin 39 up-to-date 40 attend 41 guidelines 42 aware 43 involved 44 especially 45 volunteering 三、匹配和阅读(各1分，共10分) 第一套段落信息匹配：第一套段落信息匹配：文章是：essay-grading software offers professors a break. 46-55 FBMCE QGPJD 四、仔细阅读(（各2分，共20分) 第一套仔细阅读：第一套仔细阅读：56. B) It will protect them from sunburn 57. A) It is ineffective in preventing melanomas 58. 58. D) D) D) Daily Daily Daily application application application of of of sunscreen sunscreen sunscreen helps helps helps reduce reduce reduce the the the incidence incidence incidence of of melanomas 59. C) It is not based on direct observation of the subjects 60. A) A Using both covering up and sunscreen. 61. B) Well-educated people tend to work longer. 62. B) A rapid technological advance. 63. A) Economic growth will slow down. 64. 64. C) C) C) Even Even Even wealthy wealthy wealthy people people people must must must work work work longer longer longer to to to live live live comfortably comfortably comfortably in in retirement. 65. D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age. 第二套仔细阅读：第二套仔细阅读：61. A ）More men taking an extended parental leave. 62. C) Their number is too small to make a difference. 63. A) A long leave will have a negative impact on their career. 64. C) Surprise 第三套仔细阅读第三套仔细阅读61. C) The decline of the grain yield growth. 62. 62. A) A) A) Their Their Their self-sufficiency self-sufficiency is is vital vital vital to to to the the the stability stability stability of of of world world world food food markets. 63. D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains. 64. D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland. 65. B) It is based on a doubtful assumption. 五、翻译（整体给分，共15分）分）第一套第一套中国是世界上最古老的文明之一.构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国.中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济,并正经历着一次新的工业革命中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划,其中包括到2020年建成一个太空站. 目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。

2015英语专四词汇语法模拟题练习及答案解析(三)

2015英语专四词汇语法模拟题练习及答案解析（三）2015年英语专业英语四级考试已进入冲刺阶段，适当做些模拟练习题有助于同学们在考前着重复习自己的弱项，希望百度文库整理的2015英语专四词汇语法模拟题练习及答案解析能给同学们带来帮助。

8. From the top of the building, we can see the bridge____construction.A. byB. inC. underD. below9. “When did Gertrude finally get to the theatre?”“Just before the end of ____.”A. the act secondB. act secondC. Act TwoD. the act two10. Though he views himself as a realist, Michael says that his findings make him very ____about future.A. optimisticB. objectiveC. precautiousD. sympathetic11. “Have you flown very much?”“As a matter of fact, this trip is ____.”A. my firstB. the first to meC. the first one of mineD. my one to be the first12. In Boston, as in the rest of the United States, ____ schooling begins at age 5 and ends at 16.A. oblidgedB. compulsoryC. compellingD. forced13. “Let’s take a walk before we start to study.”“Oh, I think it’s ____ for walking.”A. much too hotB. very much hotC. too much heatD. very much heat14. China started its space industry only in recent years, and should ____ no time in catching up.A. delayB. lagC. lessenD. lose15. It’s quite late now and Mr. White____hasn’t left his office.A. stillB. alreadyC. sinceD. yet答案及解析：8. 答案 C【参考译文】从这座建筑物顶部，我们可以看到在建筑中的桥梁。

2015年6大学英语四级考试真题及详细答案

Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kid's understanding of going to should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything?”Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was theconversation and the questions will be spoken only each question there will bea the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B), D),and decide which is the best mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. will give the woman some tips on the game.woman has good reason to quit the game.is willing to play chess with the woman.woman should go on playing chess.2. man can forward the mail to Mary.can call Mary to take care of the mail.probably knows Sally's new address.would like to resume contact with Sally.3. handwriting has a unique style.notes are not easy to read.did not attend today's class.is very pleased to be able to help.man had better choose another restaurant.new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.5. has been looking forward to spring.has been waiting for the winter sale.will clean the woman's boots for spring.will help the woman put things away.6. woman is rather forgetful.man appreciates the woman's help.man often lends books to the woman.woman often works overtime at weekends.7. to work on foot.a sightseeing trip.work earlier than usual.a walk when the weather is nice.plane is going to land at another airport.flights have been delayed due to bad weather.closing has disturbed the airport's operation.airport's management is in real need of improvement.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. specializes in safety from leaks.is headquartered in London.has a partnership with LCP.has a chemical processing plant.10. is 's friend.is a safety inspector.is a salesman.is a chemist.11. of the safety department.'s personal assistant.of the personnel department.public relations officer.12. for to call back.a message for .details of their products and services.a comprehensive description of their work.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.dreamed of working and living in a European country.read a lot about European musicians and their music.listened to recordings of many European orchestras.began taking violin lessons as a small child.was a pupil of a famous European violinist.gave her first performance with her father.became a professional violinist at fifteen.gave her a chance to explore the city.was the chance of a lifetime.was a great challenge to her.helped her learn classical French music.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short the end of each passage, you will hearsome the passage and the questions will be spoken only youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B), D ).Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre. Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.are mysterious stories behind his works.are many misunderstandings about him.works have no match worldwide.personal history is little known.moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.failed to go beyond grammar school.was a member of the town council.once worked in a well-known acting company.18. of his time had no means to protect their works.sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.works were adapted beyond recognition.of his time had little interest in him.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19...crash.accidents.20. the local customs.hotel reservations.tickets well in advance.the right documents.21. your agent.a lift if possible.official transport.a friend meet you.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. down production cost.inexpensive products.in gold ornaments.the taste of his goods.a national press conference.a live television interview.a local sales promotion campaign.a meeting of top British businesspeople.24.....words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.who never learns from the past is bound to fail.should be a limit to one's sense of humour.is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have , when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written. Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very economic indicators show the world is 26 Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties,global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the 27 The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were can biological indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that 29 progress and those uses that will hurt main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). 30 , this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and a half-century ago, GNP helped 31 a common way among countries of measuring change in economic some time, this seemed to work 32 well, but serious weaknesses are now indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not 33 the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.This basic fault can produce a 34 sense of national economic to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for 35 the forests. Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students whoneed them most."All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ," of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our have to do leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A.AnnouncingSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to contains information given in one of the the paragraph from which the information is may choose a paragraph more than paragraph is marked with a the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast Foodfirms have to be a thick-skinned experts regularly criticise them severelyfor selling food that makes people even complain that McDonald's, whose logosymbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope not perhaps for much burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.B)Fast food was once thought to be consumers need to cut spending, the logicgoes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more "trading down"proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D)But not all fast-food companies have been as , such as Burger King, have seen salesa severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive in many cases that strategy did not year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$ to May a judge ruled in favour of Burger , the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 , a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $ in May Burger Kingintroduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including 's started selling better coffee as a challenge to " McCafe" line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in has sold rights to its Seattle's Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the see breakfast as a big opporttmity, and not just for fatty 's will start selling porridge (粥)in America next has the potentialto bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumersproducts they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a customers cannot be forced to ordersalads instead of fries.the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says of 's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell more vegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie"Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lotmore left to do.people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future. King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.50.During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this passage is followed by some questions orunfinished each of them there are four choices marked A., B), ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent are the most aggressive skin have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blueor green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.will protect them from sunburn.will keep their skin smooth and fair.will work for people of any skin color.does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?is ineffective in preventing melanomas.is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.is ineffective with long-term exposure.is ineffective for people with fair skin.do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?should be applied alongside other protection measures.people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.does the author say about the second Australian study?misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.is not based on direct observation of the subjects.confirms the results of the first Australian study.does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?both covering up and sunscreen.in the shade whenever possible.covering up instead of sunscreen.the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the % of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defmed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable the changing nature of work also plays a big has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.is happening in the workforce in rich countries?people are replacing the elderly.people tend to work longer.rates are rising year after year.with no college degree do not easily find work.has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?life expectancies.rapid technological advance.changes in the workforce.growing number of the well-educated.do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?growth will slow down.budgets will increase.people will try to pursue higher education.will be more competition in the job market.is the result of policy changes in European countries?workers may choose to retire early.people have to receive in-service training.wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.is characteristic of work in the 21st century?will do more complicated work.will be taken by the educated young.jobs to be done will be the creative ones.are highly valued regardless of age.Part Ⅳ Translation ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。

2015年6月四级真题3

Part III Reading ComprehensionSection AQuestion 37 to 46 are based on the following passage.It's our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday activity, after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting(37)_____ can lead to obesity(肥胖症)and other disease, researchers have now quantified just how(38)_____ being a couch potato can be.In an analysis of data from eight large(39)_____ published studies, a Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel(40)_____, the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a(41)_____, and the odds of dying prematurely(42)_____ 13% during a seven-year follow-up. All of these(43)_____ are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary(久坐的)activities, like knitting, viewing TV may be especially(44)_____ at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to(45)_____ them.Even so, the authors admit that they didn't compare different sedentary activities to(46)_____ whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes, heart disease or early death compared with, say, reading.A.climbedB.consumeC.decadeD.determineE.effectiveF.harmfulG.outcomesH.passivelyI.previouslyJ.resumeK.sufferedL.surfingM.termN.terminalsO.twistingSectionBEssay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break[A] Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professor a few weeks later, clicking the "send" button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being done with that exam, imagine that the system would immediately let your rewrite the test to try to improve your grade.[B] EdX, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to offer courses on the Internet, has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自动的)software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers, freeing professors for other tasks.[C] The new service will bring the education consortium into a growing conflict over the role of automation in education. Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade easy answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and hasmany critics.[D] Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of EdX, predicted that the instant-grading software would be a useful teaching tool, enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers. He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks for grades. "There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback," Dr. Agarwal said, "Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback."[E] But skeptics say the automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtime critics, Les Perelman, has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human graders.[F] He is among a group of educators who last month began circulation a petition opposing automated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly 2000 signatures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky.[G] "Let's face the realities of automatic essay scoring," the group's state ment reads in part, "Computers cannot ‘read.' They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical(伦理的)position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others."[H] But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities. It offers free online classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley; this fall, it will add classes from Welleslley, Georgetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, which offers certificates for course completion and said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools.[I] The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or grades, to first grade 100 essays or essay questions. The system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical(数字的)rank.[J] EdX is not the first to use the automated assessment technonogy, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. There is now use the automated assessment technology, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states-Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West Virginia-are using some form of the technology in secondary schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimented with it. In some eases the software is used as a "second reader," to check the reliability of the human graders.[K] But the growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology.[L] Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create "massive open online courses," or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. "It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally gravitating(吸引)toward resubmitting the work until they get it right," said Daphne Koller, a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera.[M] Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders andhis wife, sponsored two $100000 prizes aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contests. Vik Paruchuri, was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software.[N] "One of our focuses is to help kids learn how to think critically," said Victor Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. "It's probably impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time."[O] Mark D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundation's contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about about the experiment. In his view, the technology-though imperfect-has a place in educational settings.[P] With increasingly large classes, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation's best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools.[Q] "Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could," Dr. Shermis said. "There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world."47.Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their oppositionto automated essay grading.【答案】Fing software to grade students' essays saves teachers time for other work.【答案】B49.The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.【答案】M50.Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple-choice tests, automated essay grading is still criticized by many educators.【答案】C51.Some people don't believe the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders.【答案】E52.Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famous universities.【答案】Q53.Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured by computer rating programs.【答案】G54.As class size grows, most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how to improve their writing.【答案】P55.The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders.【答案】J56.Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably.【答案】DDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.It's no secret that some of the resolutions that many of us vowed to pursue in the new year-eat healthy, lose weight, quit smoking, save more money一have already fallen by the wayside.Many of them are likely the same resolutions that we abandoned last January. And it's a good thing for those who sell health club memberships, quit-smoking programs and other products that help us think we can improve our lives.Many gyms see new memberships double in January, making up for the third of their members who do not renew each year.And many who sign up in January will be no-shows by February."If I try one quick fix and it doesn't work, I may be more likely to try the next quick fix," Lisa Lahey, who coaches executives how to sustain behavior change, told The Times.The Biggest Loser Resort at Fitness Ridge doesn't offer any quick fixes, just a 12-hour schedule full of exercise, a 1 200-calories-a-day diet and a fee of $2000 a week. The resort teaches its clients that "weight management" is a combination of fitness, diet and emotional health."Given my recent weight gain, and the fact that I was turning 50," Jennifer Conlin wrote in The Times,'' I wanted to start a program that would make 2012 the year I finally got in shape.""For years, the advice to the overweight people has been that we simply need to eat less and exercise more," Tara Parker-Pope wrote. "White there is truth to this guidance, it fails to take into account that the human body continues to fight against weight loss long after dieting has stopped. This translates into a sobering（令人清醒的）reality: once we become fat, most of us, despite our best efforts, will probably stay fat."Of course this revelation（揭示）, it proven true by further study, is not good news for the weight-loss industry. But chances are it won't have much impact on the human tendency to resolve to get to the gym more and avoid chocolate cake when the clock strikes midnight on December 31.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答57. What do we learn from the first paragraph about new year resolutions?A) They are hard to sustain. C) They help shed bad habits.B) They test one's strength. D) They promise a good year.58. Who do new year resolutions eventually benefit?A) Society in general. C) Health club members.B) Business executives. D) Health industries.59. What is special about the Biggest Loser Resort's weight management program?A) It gives top priority to emotional health.B) It does not resort to any quick fixes.C) It focuses on one's behavior change.D) It is not cheap but extremely effective.60. What happens when people stop dieting?A) They regain their appetite. C) Their weight bounces back.B) They usually stay in shape. D) Their health is likely to fail61. What do people tend to do about new year resolutions?A) They keep making them year after year.B) They abandon them once progress is made.C) They keep trying until they finally succeed.D) They make them for the sake of making them.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When University of California-Berkeley released a study this month showing alarmingly high teacher turnover (人员流动) rates at Los Angeles charter schools, I wasn't surprised.That's not a slam at local charter schools. It's just that the study echoed something I'd observed many times, starting with my niece.Bright and cheerful, my niece longed to teach high-needs children. She started out in the San Francisco public schools, where she was assigned to the district's toughest elementary school. Fifth-graders threw chairs across the room-and at her. Parents refused to show up for conferences.She wasn't willing to deal with this level of indifference and teacher abuse, so she switched to a highly regarded charter elementary school in the Bay Area where she poured her energy into her job and it showed. Her students' test scores were ashigh as those in a nearby wealthy school district, despite the obstacles these children faced.Yet by her fourth year, my niece was worn out, depleted (耗尽) of the energy it took to work with a classroom of sweet but deeply needy children who pleaded to stay in her classroom when it was time to leave. The principal's offer of a $10000 raise couldn't stop her from giving notice. She went to work at that wealthy school district next door- for less money.Over the years, I've met many impassioned (充满激情的) teachers at charter schools, only to call them the next year and find they've left. The authors of the Berkeley study theorize that the teachers leave because of the extraordinary demands; long hours, intense involvement in students' complicated lives, continual searches for new ways to raise scores. Even the strongest supporters of the reform movement concede that the task of raising achievement among disadvantaged students is hard work.It's unlikely that we can build large-scale school reform on a platform of continual new demands on teachers-more time, more energy, more devotion, more responsibility-even if schools find ways to pay them better. This is the bigger challenge facing schools. We need a more useful answer to the Berkeley study than "Yeah, it's really hard work."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2015年6月大学英语四级考试全真模拟题及答案

2015年6月大学英语四级考试模拟题及答案听力原文及答案Part I Writing 写作范文Being connected to some great friends of mine in college is really a wonderful feeling. Like most college undergraduates, I happened to meet a good member of good friends when I set foot on my university’s beautiful campus. They are all helpful, energetic and intelligent. So, I have trouble pointing my finger at one particular friend who is the most inspiring one to me. After long deliberation, I decide to write about Jim, who is such a guy in some sense.I do have my reasons to take him as the most inspiring friend in the past three years of college. Firstly, he has an ability to manage his time and his priorities very well every day, so he is a good example in this sense to me, a lazy guy who is always desperate to fulfill my schedule. Secondly, Jim helps or leads me to success in my study, by encouraging and sometimes pushing me to form good learning habits. Thirdly, he has a positive attitude towards life, never complaining and always seeing thebright sides of things. I really want to learn to be a guy just like that.In the deep of my mind, I take Jim as one of my best friends.I learned a great deal from him. I feel comfortable staying and studying together with him. Rather, I should say, I am immensely motivated and inspired by him, in a serious sense.Part II Listening Comprehension 听力原文Section A1. W: When was the last time you bought me a flower? After our graduation from college and having been working for ten years, do you remember?M: Oh, sorry, darling. Which year did we finish our college?Q: What does the man imply?2. W: Come along, Jack, there’s a taxi coming to us.M: Ok, let’s hurry to catch it before others do. It’s hard to get one at this time of the rush hour in the morning.Q: What does the man most probably mean?3. M: A nita, it seems you’re heading for the library. Do you have much homework to do these days?W: Yes, I can’t complain. But, I have to finish reading those books on my reading list and hand in my term paper on American literature within two days.Q: What do we learn about the woman?4. W: Dealing with the statistics really bores me to death.I hope I can get done with it sooner.M: Relax! You know, we all have the same task. Just do it step by step. It will be done finally.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?5. W: Larry, you said you’d file your article to me before leaving yesterday. I didn’t find it in my inbox.M: I’m awfully sorry. I’m doing the final touch to the article. I promise, it will be good in a few minutes.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?6. M: I’m not surprised that you didn’t take interest in these programs of Spring Festival Gala. I know, you usually don’t like noisy TV programs.W: Don’t talk about me. It appears to me that you enjo yed them very much, indeed.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?7. M: My life experience makes me realize that honesty always is the best policy.W: It seems you have an excessively positive understanding of that word.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?8. M: How many gifts should I prepare for our daughter’s graduation ceremony? She said she’d give one to each of her classmates.W: I think thirty five will do. Wait a second. Let’s get 5 more for her teachers.Q: What are the two speakers talking about? Conversation OneM: Have you heard about the too-pretty-to-work case on TV?A girl who is very pretty is actually fired by her employer. Can you believe that?W: That’s really weird. By law, one can’t be fired for hi s or her appearance. Employers can’t fire someone based on race, gender, age or disabilities.M: But, that happens frequently in our workplace. If one female employee’s clothes are too revealing, and her boss doesn’t like it, she’ll be somehow fired.W: There’s no accounting for tastes. But, it’s illegal to do that, firing someone for inappropriate clothes. I guess, there’re many similar cases like that.M: That’s for certain. It’s unacceptable in the eyes of some employers if one’s too attractive.But, being ugly is also not good by some employers’ standard.W: By the same line of reasoning, being too fat may also be a problem.M: That’s true. Employers refuse to hire or promote overweight people because of their body weight, especially overweight women.W: If that happens, those employers can also be criticized for their discrimination against women, not only for their illegal discrimination based on body weight.M: Other cases may open your eyes further. I have been told three times that someone is fired for his shoes, for being too short, and even for being too young.W: Wow, how can we deal with these sorts of discrimination? Maybe, it’s advisable for us to ask help from an employment lawyer before starting to hunt for a job.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What has law said about employers’ firing employees?10. Why are overweight women more likely to be fired than overweight male employees?11. What’s the woman’s suggestion to one who’s facing workplace discrimination?Conversation TwoW: Cycling in modern cities is very dangerous. A cyclist may run into traffic accidents and get seriously hurt. However, cycling has many potential plus points.M: As far as I know, the increase in the number of people who cycle, rather than drive, could not only reduce air pollution and green gas emissions, but also lower people’s risk of developing a number of diseases.W: Besides that, many studies in Copenhagen also found positive benefits of cycling. They found people who did not cycle to work experienced a 39% higher death rate than those who did. In other words, cycling extends people’s life span.M: That’s true. But, as you mentioned just now, cycling through heavy traffic may be rather dangerous. The question is, how can large cities do to make cycling safer and more attractive to people.W: The first idea occurring to me is that large cities have to do some work on urban design and relevant policies.M: I heard European cities like Paris have done a lot in these fields, to make cycling safe. Though many of the streets in Paris are centuries old, and comparatively speaking, very narrow, bike lanes have been prominently planned and marked. Although some lanes are often crazily disconnected, disappearing and appearing again in a seemingly random, it can be seen that Paris has achieved much in urban design.W: How about relevant policies in Paris? Are there policies established in favor of cycling?M: Yes, Paris did very well in this aspect. For example, by law, cars are required to drive under a speed limit of 30 kph. Otherwise, the driver will be fined heavily for speeding. It makes cyclists feel much safer, even cycling close to cars on the road.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What’s the dangerous side of cycling in modern cities?13. What can cycling help our environment?14. What’s true about bike lanes in Paris?15. What policy does Paris adopt for the benefit of cyclists?Section BPassage OneIt takes time and effort to nurture the parent-child relationship. As is well known, the quality of the relationship between parents and their children is often threatened by long, non-traditional work hours and the influence of social media. Spending more quality time with your child, engaged in activity or conversation, can help mend a troubled relationship.Research shows that effective communication is essential in building a strong parent-child relationship. Effective communication involves both speaking and listening to what others have to say. Parents of young children can effectively communicate with their children by inquiring about events in their lives and using play activities to strengthen communication. Adolescents can benefit from instructional, yet empathetic, discussions with parents, and they may resist parental communication that is overly authoritarian.Besides, improved communication and quality time spent between you and your child can enhance your relationship. On the contrary, a lack of attention can cause problems, including displays of acting-out behaviors, in the parent-child relationship, says child development assistant specialist Deborah Richardson. Acting out includes the demonstration of disruptive behaviors, such as violence toward others and defiance toward authority.What’s more, parents can use disciplinary strategies that teach their teens how to make wise choices as they become more independent, as opposed to simply utilizing strategies designed to keep teens obey their orders. Adolescence can be a frustrating time for both parents and teens, as parents realize that old disciplinary strategies no longer work, and teens struggle to balance their need for independence alongside parental rules.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What may lead up to a bad parent-child relationship?17. How can parents communicate effectively with their children?18. What’s mentioned about disciplinary strategies?Passage TwoDoes exercise slow the aging process? A study in 2008 found a big difference in the cells of those who enjoyed leisure time exercise compared to those who lounged on the couch in their spare time. The most active people showed a slowing of cell changes associated with aging: their cells appeared the same as sedentary people who were 10 years younger. This adds to the growing body of evidence that regular physical exercise cuts risks for aging-related illnesses such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.The study looked at the lifestyles and cells of 2,401 twins. By studying twins, the researchers knew they were looking at people who had similar genetic factors. They charted physical activity, smoking, socioeconomic status, differences in body mass index, weight, smoking and physical activity at work over the past 12 months. Then they looked within twins’ white blood cells. As people age, those cells get ragged and leads to damageof the genes. Previous research leads scientists to believe that the life of white blood cells gets shorter as people age, and it may be used as a marker for aging.The more active a participant was, the longer the life of white blood cells was when compared to those of a similar age who were less active. This finding stood up when comparing twin to twin when one was more active than the other. And, the active twin had healthier white blood cells, which means being 4 years younger, than their inactive twin.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What does the 2008 study tell us about active people?20. What can be concluded from the process of studying twins?21. What is said of white blood cells?Passage ThreeDo you know what the largest desert is in the world? To be considered a desert, an area must have less than 250 millimeters of annual rainfall. By that criterion, the continent ofAntarctica is the largest desert on Earth. Antarctica is the southernmost continent. At 14.0 million square km, it is the fifth-largest continent in area and the smallest by population. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice, which averages 1.6 km. Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent. It is considered a desert because its annual rainfall can be less than 51 millimeters in the interior. And there is little or no tall plants on its surface. There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 researchers inhabit the research stations scattered across the continent. Only cold-adapted plants and animals survive here: penguins, seals, and so on.If you think that a desert cannot be covered in ice and snow, then the Sahara Desert would be the largest desert. The Sahara is what most people imagine when they think of a desert. It is the world’s largest hot weather desert, covering over9,400,000 square km. It is nearly as large as the United States. Some of the sand hills are 180 meters in height. Unlike Antarctica, the Sahara region is heavily populated. It is home to a number of people and languages. Arabic is the most widely spoken language. The Berber people are found from western Egypt to Morocco and the Beja live in the Red Sea Hills.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What’s said about Antarc tic?23. What’s mentioned about human residents on Antarctic?24. What’s true about the Sahara Desert?25. What’s the major difference between Antarctic and the Sahara Desert?Section CAs a parent, you may realize the crucial importance education has in our lives. However, your child may be 26. reluctant to listen to any of your arguments, thoughts, and ideas. A student 27. disinterested in education will miss college lectures and perform extremely poorly in assessments tests. In the worst cases, students may stop attending the school or college, and sit at home without any 28. concern for their career, education, and life. In order to motivate the students back to their college life and career, parents should first find out the 29. root causes of this lack of motivation.As listed below, there are two of the 30. prominent reasons that can cause students to be demotivated.Firstly, poor self-esteem. Low self-esteem in students forces them to 31. quit challenges and accept the path of least resistance. Even if these students try and complete some tasks, they are clouded by many negative thinking patterns that block the flow of confidence in their 32. personalities.Secondly, lack of love at home. Home is the first school for a kid, and every student expects a lot of support and love from parents. The environment of a home shapes a child’s attitude in the 33. initial years of life. A home where curiosity and education is given importance will 34. definitely motivate students to pursue academic challenges. If the parents are away from their kids, and are unaware of what their kid is doing in the school, then even the child feels neglected and 35. steps back from taking responsibilities and challenges. After all, parents are the biggest motivators.答案1. B2. C3. A4. B5. C6. D7. C8. B9. D 10. A11. C12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C16. A 17. B 18. C19. A 20.D21. C22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B26. reluctant 27. disinterested 28. concern 29. root causes 30. prominent31. quit 32. personalities 33. initial 34.definitely 35. steps back from36. J 37. C 38. A 39. N 40. H41. B 42. L 43. D 44.F 45. O46. G 47. F 48. H 49. N 50. I51. L 52. E 53. A 54.D 55. K56. A 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. B61. A 62. C 63. B 64.A 65. DPart IV TranslationThe China National Tourism Administration has deemed 2015 as the Year of Silk Road Tourism, and provinces along the ancient business route are promoting themed tours. Hainan is an important link in the Maritime Silk Road. Many heritages ofthe historic Maritime Silk Road are scattered among the cities in the province. Seven themed tours were recently launched in Hainan province by the local government to provide tourists an alternative to inland Silk Road travel. Starting from Quanzhou, the Maritime Silk Road stretches along the East and South China seas, passes the Malacca Strait, Indian Ocean and enters Europe through the Red Sea.。

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