专四听力之DICTATION
专题一Dictation-专四听写技巧
1
Contents
Part I: Dictation
Part II: Section A Talk
Section B Conversation
A
2
2016年TEM4听力考试题型变化
1. 听写保留，由15个意群, 改为10个; 2. 听力不再考查新闻听力; 3.增加了Talk (gap filling), 与八级mini-lecture一样，但先
A
10
B. Dictation答题步骤
步骤2
1. 注重首句、提纲挈领 短文的首句或首段往往是对短文内容的概括，如讲话目的、主要内容、作者、论点、故事发生 的时间、地点及事由等。因此，听写时抓住首句通常就可以抓住短文的一些提领性信息，进而 把握短文的背景知识，有利于听写。 2. 把握意群、抓关键词 在第二遍朗读录音时，首先要以意群为单位去理解，要抓句子结构和关键词进行记录，然后在 听第三遍时尽量补出其他词。 重要的信息关键词包括：不同形式的动词、表示时间、地点、人物的名词和表示人物情感态度 的形容词以及数字等。
第一遍——听懂大意
步骤2
第二、三遍——边听边写
步骤3
第四遍——纠错补漏
9
A. Dictation答题步骤
步骤1
1. 听懂题目、联想预测 听到题目后，需立即抓住短文正文开始前的时间进行快速的联想预测。预测要有针对性，主要 是利用自己的背景知识和写作经验，联想与题目有关、可能出现的词汇或短语。 1)联想与短文题目相关的近义词，如(08年)career相近且文中出现的词job，work， occupation，position。 2)联想与短文题目相关的曲折变化词，如由(07年)advertising可联想到的且文中出现的词 有advertisement，advertised，advertises等。 3)联想与短文题目相关的上下义关系词，如与(06年)The Internet有上下义关系且文中出现 的词有：websites，online games，chat rooms等。 2. 全面把握、整合文意 第一遍听音时切忌提笔就写，重点在于了解大意；如果不能全部听懂，也可通过抓文中的关键 词语的方式来进行文意整合。例如，在听09年真题New Year's Eve时，根据文中的 friends or family，parties，drinks，fireworks，clock，12，resolution就可推 理串联出短文大意，即：除夕晚上，人们会和朋友、家人团聚，开派对，或出去喝一杯。当晚 还会放烟花，晚上12点时，人们会倒计时数数来迎接新年，许下新年愿望……
英语专四Dictation听力原文
Dictation 听力原文9. Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, His father owned a factory that made electrical devices. His mother enjoyed music and books. His parents were Jewish but they did not observe many of the religion’s rules. Albert was a quite child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to be north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Their answers about magnetism and gravity were difficult for the boy to understand. Y et he spent a lot of time thinking about them. He said later that he felt something hidden had to be behind things.Useful expressions and words:1.device 装置，设备leave to one’s own devices 听任某人自行其是，允许某人按自己的意愿做事She left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon.她允许孩子在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间。
专四听力之DICTATION
语法
在听写过程中，要注意语法规则和句子结构，避免出现语病 和语法错误。这需要平时多积累语法知识，熟悉不同时态、 语态和语气的用法。
拼写
在记录句子时，要注意正确拼写单词。对于不确定的单词拼 写，可以暂时留空或者猜测其拼写方式，等全部听完后再进 行修正。同时，要注意大小写和标点符号的使用，保持原文 的一致性。
专四听力之 Dictation
目录
• 专四听力的基本介绍 • Dictation 听写的技巧 • Dictation 听写的练习方法 • 听写材料的选取和使用 • 听写中的常见问题和解决方法 • 专四听力的备考建议
01
专四听力的基本介绍
听力考试的目的和重要性
目的
检验学生的听力理解能力，包括对英语语音、语调和语 速的识别能力，以及对英语句子和段落的理解能力。
03
Dictation 听写的练习方法
多听多练，提高听力水平
定期收听英语广播、新闻、播客等，提高对英语 01 语音、语调和语速的熟悉度。
寻找不同口音和语速的英语听力材料，以适应不 02 同来源的语音输入。
积极参与听力练习，如听写、多选题、判断正误 03 等，以提高听力理解能力。
注重词汇和语法的积累
01 扩大词汇量，特别注意常用词汇和学科术语的积 累。
02 学习并掌握基本的语法知识，如时态、语态、从 句等，以便更好地理解听力材料。
02 练习识别不同口音和语速下的词汇和语法结构， 提高语言解码能力。
学会合理分配时间和注意力
在听写过程中，合理分配时间 和注意力，注重整体理解和细 节把握。
学会在听录音时做笔记，记录 关键信息和细节，以助于回忆 和整理。
多参加模拟考试，提高应试能力
模拟考试
英语听力dictation
DICTATION 1[00:50.44]Dining Customs in the USA[00:54.14]Americans, like many people elsewhere in the world, [00:58.12]like to invite friends to their homes for an evening of food, [01:02.10]drink and conversation.[01:04.90]Formal dinners in fine homes and hotels in the US[01:08.90]are much the same as formal dinners anywhere in the world. [01:13.50]But as most people in the US have no servants,[01:17.42]their dinner parties at home tend to be informal.[01:21.34]Guests may sit down at a table,[01:23.77]or as many new small homes have no[01:26.25]separate dining room or very small dining space.[01:30.48]Guests can also serve themselves and eat in the living room, [01:34.65]holding their plates or trays on their knees.[01:37.76]A more enjoyable form of entertainment is the picnic. [01:41.79]Americans are great picnickers and[01:44.23]almost every family has a picnic basket.[01:47.90]Summer invitations are often for[01:49.96]a picnic at a park or in the open countryside,[01:53.63]and less hamburgers or hot dogs are cooked over a fire. [01:57.86]Picnic food is usually cold.DICTATION 2[00:50.31]Costs in Colleges and Universities[00:54.66]Nearly all American students in colleges and[00:57.71]universities pay for their educations.[01:01.07]There are many costs.[01:03.44]First of all, there is tuition.[01:06.31]At some schools, the tuition is very high,[01:09.67]ten thousand dollars a year or more.[01:12.80]At other schools,[01:14.18]it may only be a few hundred dollars a year.[01:17.74]At some community colleges, tuition is free.[01:22.11]There are other costs as well.[01:24.85]Many students leave their homes to[01:26.86]go to schools in other cities.[01:29.84]They may live in dormitories or apartments,[01:32.83]and they must pay for it.[01:35.13]Finally, students must buy textbooks for their courses. [01:39.80]Going to college or university can be a big expense. [01:44.67]Some families start saving money for[01:47.25]their children's education when the children are small. [01:51.67]Many students work to save money for tuition.[01:55.71]They can also get loans from the government.[01:58.95]They pay the money back to the government[02:01.12]when they finish their education.DICTATION 4[00:49.96]Rainbow[00:51.51]You will not always see a rainbow[00:53.63]when it rains while the sun shines.[00:56.62]The sun must be in the right position over the horizon. [01:00.72]And remember to turn your back to the sun[01:03.85]when you look toward the sky.[01:05.90]A rainbow will never appear[01:07.92]in the path between you and the sun.[01:10.91]If you are on the ground,[01:13.08]you will only see a part of the rainbow.[01:16.27]This is because the earth blocks the rest of the circle. [01:20.07]You can see the whole circle[01:21.94]if you are flying high in a plane when a rainbow happens. [01:26.43]The shadow of the plane would be in the center.[01:30.22]Rainbows hold an important place[01:32.85]in the traditional stories and beliefs[01:35.75]that make up many cultures.[01:37.94]For example, some cultures say the rainbow[01:40.74]represents a bridge between life and death.[01:44.28]Still others see the rainbow as a sign of good things to come.PART I DICTATION text 1[01:02.23]Plastic[01:03.41]We use plastic wrap to protect our foods.[01:06.40]We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans.[01:10.55]We sit on plastic chairs, play with plastic toys,[01:14.30]drink from plastic cups,[01:16.43]and wash our hair with shampoo from plastic bottles.[01:20.62]Plastic does not grow in nature.[01:23.51]It is made by mixing certain things together.[01:27.01]We call it a produced or manufactured material.[01:31.52]Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants,[01:35.41]such as wood and cotton.[01:37.72]That plastic was soft and burned easily.[01:41.55]The first modern plastics were made in the 1930s.[01:46.00] Most clear plastic starts out as thick, black oil.[01:50.93]That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas.[01:56.53]Over the years,[01:57.79]hundreds of different plastics have been developed.[02:01.15]Some are hard and strong. Some are soft and bendable. [02:05.91]Some are clear. Some are many-colored.[02:09.90]There is a plastic for almost every need.[02:13.79]Scientists continue to experiment with plastics.[02:17.73]They hope to find even more ways to use them.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION1-10 C A D C A C B C B C11-20 A D D D B B B C B D21-30 C B C C C D D C C D[00:16.16]PART I DICTATION text 2[01:01.98]Music[01:02.85]Music is the abstract art of arranging vocal or[01:06.28]instrumental sounds[01:07.62]in a manner that produces a flowing,[01:10.08]unified and thoughtful composition that has melody,[01:14.32]harmony, rhythm.[01:16.25]In contrast to the other arts,[01:18.43]music is not a readily tangible form of expression.[01:22.86]Music may be called both the most mathematical and [01:26.36]the most abstract of the arts.[01:29.30]Unlike words, images, or dance, however,[01:32.82]musical tones in themselves have no concrete associations, [01:37.55]and only gain meaning when they are combined into patterns. [01:42.04]Through the centuries various philosophers have[01:44.79]attempted to integrate theories[01:46.78]on the essence of music with their particular world views. [01:50.92]Many non-Western cultures and some Western writers [01:54.53]as well have perceived it as an inherently mystical force, [01:58.85]able to unlock elemental truths or principles[02:02.27]that cannot be translated into written or graphic form. [02:06.83]Music is an important part of our lives,[02:09.44]and has been an important part of[02:11.50]every civilization known to man.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION1-10 A D C C B C D B A D11-20 C C A B A A C C B A21-30 D C D D C D B D A C。
英语专四听写Dictation评分标准
英语专四听写Dictation评分标准1. 听写共分15小节；每节1分。
2．每节最多扣1分。
3．重复错误，仅扣一次。
4．错误共分两类：小错误(minor mistakes)和大错误(major mistakes)。
A. 小错误：1)单词拼写错一到二个字母。
例：inconvenient—unconvenient，inconvient；originally--origionally, originally；knives———nives。
2)标点符号错误：一when When；To solve this problem，the—To solve this problem the…。
3)冠词，单复数错误：shells—shell；with a solution—with the solution。
4)小错误扣分标准：小错误在一节中出现一次，留作总计；出现两次，扣0．5分；出现三次，扣0．5分后留一小错做总计；出现四次(以上)，扣1分。
5)未扣分小错误的扣分标准：累计2---4个：扣0．5分。
累计5---8个：扣1分。
B. 大错误：漏写、加词、造词、换词(冠词作小错计)，大移位，时态错误，原文一个词变两个词。
每个错误扣0．5分。
例：are still paid—is still paid，still paid，still pay；were used—we used；coins were—coin was；began—begun；goods—good；cloth—ciof，cloths；salt—soit；paid—payed；throughout--allthrough，through of; accepted——an acception；as payment——for payment；for goods——to goods；they——these，there．5．一些特例的扣分标准：1)下列情况不扣分：in the past—in the past,；“now”后加逗号。
专四听力之DICTATION
bottle
popular
odd
shop
box
crop
hot
polish
spot
....
字母o的读音
美音中/t/ 出现在两个元音之间且处于非重读位置的时候，发音近似/d/
letter
01
matter
02
city
03
better
04
pretty
05
waitor
06
winter
07
chapter
08
常见音变现象：弱音
1
弱音指元音的弱化，即一个单词中的元音在口语中，由于说话速度快或在句中处于次要位置而不发标准读音，变为弱化元音的现象。常见的弱音现象： 长原因弱化为短原因 he been 元音前的辅音省略或辅音前的元音弱读 his have 元音弱化成？ us for
英音和美音的几大区别
美音中除了Mrs.中的“r”不卷舌之外，只要含有“r”字母的单词均要卷舌。 spare burglar purpose chairman horse dirty ladder lecture weather
字母a的发音
ask can't dance fast half path chance advantage answer ....
（二）常见错误分析
由音变现象而导致的错误 正确：More energy arrives at the earth's surface in an hour than is consumed in the world in a whole year. 错误：More energy arrives at the earth's surface in a how than is consumed in the world in a whole year. 正确:It is up to the tour operator... 错误:Its up to the tour operator... 正确：Can you imagine how difficult life would become... 错误：Can you imagine how difficult life will become... 正确:Everywhere we turn, we find paper.. 错误:Everywhere we turn, we fine paper.
专四听力之DICTATION
ile的发音不同
• • • • • fertile hostile missile textile ...
特殊的单词
• • • • • • • • either neitheri record dictionary factory laboratory history ....
C.同音词与近音词
介绍某现象
• 3/19 1993 1997 2008 18% Package Holidays Legal Age for Marriage Choosing a Career
介绍节日
• 2/19 1999 United Nations Day 2009 New Year's Eve
介绍语言或技巧
2/19 2000 Language 2010 Freshmen's Week
（二）常见错误分析
A. 由音变现象而导致的错误
• 正确：More energy arrives at the earth's surface in an hour than is consumed in the world in a whole year. 错误：More energy arrives at the earth's surface in a how than is consumed in the world in a whole year. 正确:It is up to the tour operator... 错误:Its up to the tour operator... 正确：Can you imagine how difficult life would become... 错误：Can you imagine how difficult life will become... 正确:Everywhere we turn, we find paper.. 错误:Everywhere we turn, we fine paper.
英语专业四级考试(TEM4)听写题(Dictation)应试方法
听写，顾名思义，既听又写，它渗透在各种形式的语言活动中，是最常用到的基本功之一。
听写测试要求考生把听到的内容准确无误地以笔头的形式表达出来，虽无需考生自己遣词造句，但由于牵涉到语言（听力﹑单词拼写﹑篇章结构等）与非语言能力（如记忆力﹑速记等）也决非易事。
从90 年开始第一次TEM4测试，听写就作为一项测试项目，占有10 分, 比重为10%, 91 ,92年，93年上升到15 分, 比重为10%，从94年起（由于难度问题，本次取消了proof reading）, 听写尽管仍为15 分, 但比重上升为15%，其间制定的新的考试大纲，正式明确了这一点。
从教纲到考纲，听写都是一项不可或缺的部分，且所占比重上升，与写作相同。
在TEM4 中，考虑到基础阶段的特点及信度要求，采用的是录音式标准听写，根据考纲，长度为150字（word）左右，为一段或多段，答题纸上印有题目便于联想，所选题材广泛而不生僻，体裁多样，可以为叙述性、描写性、说明性，难度适中。
全文共分15个意群（chunk），每个意群可能是词组、分句或句子。
共念四遍，第一遍为正常速度朗读（wpm=120词），考生在此时要从整体理解全文内容，抓住中心大意，而不要着急写。
第二、三遍为慢读，根据意群停顿，分句或长句之间停10-15秒，考生此时要准确，逐字逐句迅速写下听到的内容。
第四遍又是正常语速（wpm=120词）, 便于考生校对，四遍全部听写结束后，留有2分钟作为复查时间。
考生利用此时可检查全文是否有单词遗漏，拼写是否有误，标点符号是否选择正确，直到录音中听到“That is the end of dictation”, 便可进行下一项听力内容了。
根据调查，听写中的几个明显错误是：1. 考生对这种标准听写形式陌生, 对听写材料进行改写甚至加工成作文；2. 第一遍听音时不知如何把握全文的大意(top-down approach), 而是着急写，丢了西瓜捡芝麻(bottom-up)，只见部分单词而缺少骨架结构；3. 同样，在第四遍结束后的两分钟复查时间里，不会很好地利用分析逻辑能力对有些明显的或介词搭配或词语进行校正，小错不断，或丢词，或写出的内容前后不通顺；4. 由于朗读中没有念出标点，而是靠学生自己听，判断选择，于是就出现全文没有标点符号，没有大小写，或所有的停顿处都是一种符号，或中文标点混用在英文短文里的情况。
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[h]，直接与[h]后的原因相拼。 如：giver her miss him is he busy
字母r+元音 即第一个单词以字母r或者re结尾，下一个单词以原因开头，原本不发音的字母r或
者re发辅音[r]，并与后面的元音相拼。 如：are in there are moreห้องสมุดไป่ตู้and more where am I
-
介绍某现象
• 3/19 18%
1993 1997 2008
Package Holidays Legal Age for Marriage Choosing a Career
-
介绍节日
• 2/19 1999 United Nations Day 2009 New Year's Eve
-
介绍语言或技巧
• 正确:It is up to the tour operator... 错误:Its up to the tour operator...
• 正确：Can you imagine how difficult life would become... 错误：Can you imagine how difficult life will become...
中形成阻碍，并稍做停顿，即做好发出这个爆破音的准备，但不要发出音来。 这类情况就叫做失去爆破或不完全爆破 。
-
不完全爆破的几种可能
• 1. /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/这6个爆破音中的任何两个音素相邻时,前者发不完全 爆破音,后者则要完全地，彻底地进行爆破。
I has a ba(d) col(d) today. You shoul(d) ta(k)e care of the children. Gla(d) to meet you.
2/19 2000 Language 2010 Freshmen's Week
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（二）常见错误分析
A. 由音变现象而导致的错误
• 正确：More energy arrives at the earth's surface in an hour than is consumed in the world in a whole year. 错误：More energy arrives at the earth's surface in a how than is consumed in the world in a whole year.
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2004
• Flight 5125 scheduled to take off at 11:30 will be delayed for 20 minutes. Please check in half an hour prior to departure.
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常见音变现象:同化
• 英语口语中，某些音，特别是辅音连读通常发生音变，称作音的同化 现象。
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（一）主题分析
• 文体 ：说明文（exposition) • 题材：
介绍某物体或事物 介绍某事物发展演变过程 介绍某类人 介绍某现象 介绍节日 介绍语言或技巧
-
介绍某物体或事物
• 7/19（1992---2010） 40% 1992 Paperless World 1995 Unidentified Flying Objects 2002 Disappearing Forests 2003 Salmon 2005 The Wrist Watch 2006 The Internet 2007 Advertising
• 2.爆破音/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/在/t?/, /d?/, /?/, /?/的前面时不完全爆破。 Have you rea(d) the book about tha(t) child? The thir(d) chair is broken.
第三讲：听力
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0
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4
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短文听写 (Dictation)
考试时间：15分钟 总分：15分 共一篇短文，长度约150个词，含15个左右意群，每个 意群一分。共朗读四遍：第一，四遍以正常速度朗读， 语速为每分钟120个词；第二三遍朗读时意群，分句间 会留出15秒
• 正确:Everywhere we turn, we find paper.. 错误:Everywhere we turn, we fine paper.
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常见音变现象:连读
连读，即语速加快时，两个或多个分属不同单词的相邻音连在一起读出的语音现象。 常见的连读分为以下三种：
辅音+元音 即第一个单词以辅音结尾，下一个单词以原因开头时，两个词连读。 如：out and out sit up look out of
长原因弱化为短原因 he been 元音前的辅音省略或辅音前的元音弱读 his 元音弱化成？ us for
have
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常见音变现象:失去爆破
• /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/是英语中的6个爆破音。 • （爆破音是指发音器官 在口腔中形成阻碍，然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。） • 在 某些 情况下，发爆破音时，气流不必冲破阻碍 ，而只是发音器官在口腔
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介绍某事物发展演变过程
• 3/19 18%
1994 1998 2004
Change of the American Family The Railways in Britain Money
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介绍某类人
• 2/19 12% 1996 The Medicine Man 2001 Characteristics of a Good Reader
• 常见的同化变音有四个 • [t]+[ j] not yet last year • [d]+[ j] did you could you and you • [z]+[ j] because you seize you • [s]+[ j] suit issue
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常见音变现象：弱音
• 弱音指元音的弱化，即一个单词中的元音在口语中，由于说话速度 快或在句中处于次要位置而不发标准读音，变为弱化元音的现象。 常见的弱音现象：