2005年12月英语四级听力真题及答案

2005专业四级真题及答案解析

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORSTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2005)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [15 MIN ]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [15 MIN ]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.1. According to the conversation, Mr Johnson is NOT very strong inA. history.B. geography.C. mathematics.D. art.2. Mr Johnson thinks that _______ can help him a lot in the job.A. logicB. writingC. historyD. mathematics3. Mr Johnson would like to work as a(n)A. adviser.B. computer programmer.C. product designer.D. school teacher.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.4. What is the main purpose of the research?A. To make preparations for a new publication.B. To learn how couples spend their weekends.C. To know how housework is shared.D. To investigate what people do at the weekend.5. What does the man do on Fridays?A. He goes to exercise classes.B. He goes sailing.C. He goes to the cinema.D. He stays at home.6. On which day does the couple always go out?A. Friday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.D. Any weekday.7. Which personal detail does the man give?A. Surname.B. First name.C. Address.D. Age.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.8. Parcel Express needs the following details about the sender EXCEPTA. name.B. address.C. receipt.D. phone number.9. Parcels must be left open mainly forA. customs’ check.B. security check.C. convenience’s sake.D. the company’s sake.10. The woman’s last inquiry is mainl y concerned withA. the time needed for sending the parcel.B. the flight time to New York.C. the parcel destination.D. parcel collection.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.11. Where is the train to Nanjing now standing?A. At Platform 7.B. At Platform 8.C. At Platform 9.D. At Platform 13.12. Which train will now leave at 11:35?A. The train to Jinnan.B. The train to Zhengzhou.C. The train to Tianjin.D. The train to Hangzhou.13. Which train has now been cancelled?A. The train to Jinnan.B. The train to Zhengzhou.C. The train to Tianjin.D. The train to Hangzhou.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.14. The museum was built in memory of thoseA. who died in wars.B. who worked to help victims.C. who lost their families in disasters.D. who fought in wars.15. Henry Durant put forward the idea because heA. had once fought in a war in Italy.B. had been wounded in a war.C. had assisted in treating the wounded.D. had seen the casualties and cruelties of war.16. Which of the following statements about the symbols is INCORRECT?A. Both are used as the organizati on’s official symbols.B. Both are used regardless of religious significance.C. The red cross was the organization’s original symbol.D. The red crescent was later adopted for use in certain regions.17. How should cheerleading be viewed according to the passage?A. It is just a lot of cheering.B. It mainly involves yelling.C. It mainly involves dancing.D. It is competitive in nature.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.18. How do the cheerleaders perform their jobs?A. They set fireworks for their team.B. They put on athletic shows.C. They run around the spectators.D. They yell for people to buy drinks.19. Why do the cheerleaders sometimes suffer physical injuries?A. Because they try dangerous acts to catch people’s attention.B. Because they shout and yell so their voice becomes hoarse.C. Because they go to the pyramid and the hills to perform.D. Because they dance too much every day for practice.20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The first cheerleaders was a man named John Campbell.B. Cheerleaders’ contests are only held at the state level.C. Before 1930 there were no women cheerleaders.D. The first cheerleading occurred in 1898.SECTION C NEWS BROAOCASTQuestions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.21. How many of the emigrants died after being thrown into the sea?A. 15 of them.B. 3 of them.C. 100 of them.D. Dozens of them.22. The illegal emigrants came fromA. Italy.B. Africa.C. the Mediterranean region.D. places unknown. Question 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.23. What does the news item mainly report?A. China will send three people into space in a week.B. Three Chinese astronauts will spend a week in space.C. The Shenzhou VI will be launched next year.D. Shenzhou V circled the earth for two days.Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.24. Which of the following had NOT been affected by the wildfires?A. Houses.B. Land.C. Skies.D. Cars.25. The fires were thought to have been startedA. purposefully.B. accidentally.C. on the Mexican border.D. in southern California.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.26. ________ ranks second among leading tourism nations.A. FranceB. The United StatesC. SpainD. Italy27. It is predicted that by 2020 China will receive _________ visitors.A. 77 millionB. 130 millionC. 36.8 millionD. 100 million28. According to a Xinhua report, last year saw a _________ per cent increase in the number of Chinese traveling abroad.A. 16.6B. 30C. 100D. 37Question 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.29. What would happen to the Argentine officers?A. They would be arrested by Spanish authorities.B. They would be tried in an Argentine court.C. They would be sent to Spain for trial.D. They would be tortured or murdered.30. What accusation would the Argentine officers face?A. Violation of human rights.B. Involvement in illegal actions.C. Planning anti-government activities.D. Being part of the military rule.PART III CLOZE [15 MIN. ]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.A person’s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n) “(31) ______ home”. But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical (32) ________ of cash and location on achieving that idea.Cash (33) ________, in fact, often means that the only way of (34) _________ when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things (35) _________ financially. There are obvious (36) ________of living at home—personal laundry is usually (37) _________ done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to (38) _________. And there is (39) _________ the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc. On the other hand, (40) _________ depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family—(41) _________do you like them? Are you prepared to be (42) __________ when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n) (43) _________, and that you finally have the money to leave,how do you (44) _________ finding somewhere else to live? If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are (45) _________well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always (46) _________. If you are going to work in a (47) _________ area, again there are the papers—and the accommodation agencies, (48) _________ these should be approached with (49) _________. Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the (50) ________ of the first week’s rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.31. A. ideal B. perfect C. imaginary D. satisfactory32. A. deficiencies B. weaknesses C. insufficiencies D. limitations33. A. cut B. shortage C. lack D. drain34. A. getting over B. getting in C. getting back D. getting along35. A. improve B. enhance C. develop D. proceed36. A. concerns B. issues C. advantages D. problems37. A. still B. always C. habitually D. consequently38. A. call in B. call over C. call upon D. call out39. A. always B. rarely C. little D. sometimes40. A. little B. enough C. many D. much41. A. and B. but C. still D. or42. A. tolerant B. hostile C. indifferent D. good-tempered43. A. agreement B. consensus C. compromise D. deal44. A. go about B. go over C. go in for D. go through45. A. seldom B. less C. probably D. certainly46. A. dependent B. a good source of informationC. of great valueD. reliable47. A. familiar B. cold C. humid D. new48. A. though B. while C. since D. as49. A. enthusiasm B. hesitation C. caution D. concern50. A. same B. equivalent C. equal D. similarityPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN ]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet51. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better thanI can.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were52. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.A. Although he is a socialistB. Even if he is a socialistC. Being a socialistD. Since he is a socialist53. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.A. so as toB. such as toC. such toD. as much as to54. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came55. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be56. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install _________ solar heating device in our home.A. some type ofB. some types of aC. some type of aD. some types of57. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ the journey in exactly two days.A. must takeB. must have madeC. was able to makeD. could make58. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _________ stupid.A. something butB. anything butC. nothing butD. not but59. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim.A. much more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more of sportsmanD. more a sportsman60. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him.A. betrayed…takeB. had betrayed…tookC. has betrayed…tookD. has betrayed…take61. What’s the chance of ________ a general election this year?A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there going to be62. The meeting was put off because we __________ a meeting without John.A.objected havingB. were objected to havingC. objected to haveD. objected to having63. ________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had64. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ________ that he paid me back the following week.A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if65. Children who stay away from school do ________ for different reasons.A. themB. /C. itD. theirs66. –Why are you staring?–I’ve never seen ______tree before.A. kind ofB. that kind ofC. such kindD. such67. There are still many problem ahead of us, but by his time next year we can see light at the end of the _________.A. battleB. dayC. roadD. tunnel68. We realized that he was under great _________, so we took no notice of his bad temper.A. excitementB. stressC. crisisD. nervousness69. The director tried to get the actors to _________ to the next scene by hand signals.A. move onB. move offC. move outD. move along70. His ideas are invariably condemned as ________ by his colleagues.A. imaginativeB. ingeniousC. impracticalD. theoretical71. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _________ against the local authorities’ decision to build a highway across the field.A. contradictB. reformC. counterD. protest72. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _________.A. minorityB. scarcityC. rarityD. minimum73. Professor Johnson’s retirement ________ from next January.A. carries into effectB. takes effectC. has effectD. puts into effect74. The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to ________ government spending.A. financeB. expandC. enlargeD. budget75. The heat in summer is no less _________ here in this mountain region.A. concentratedB. extensiveC. intenseD. intensive76. Taking photographs is strictly ________ here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.A. forbiddenB. rejectedC. excludedD. denied77. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _________.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out78. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customer’s _________ rather than the company’s.A. benefitB. availabilityC. suitabilityD. convenience79. The priest made the ________ of the cross when he entered the church.A. markB. signalC. signD. gesture80. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it.A. lightlyB. sparselyC. hardlyD. rarelyPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN ]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT AIt was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didn’t’ know enough to really care. My older brother and I lived with Mom in a dingy m ulti-family house in Detroit. We watched TV every night. The background noise of our lives was gunfire and horses hoofs from "Wagon Train" or "Cheyenne", and laughter from "I Love Lucy" or "Mister Ed", After supper, we' d sprawl on Mom' s bed ..and stare for hours at the tube.But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But she was much brighter and smarter than we boys knew at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned--books. So she came home one day, snapped off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. "You boys are going to read two books every week," she said. "And you’re going to write me a report on what you read."We moaned and complained about how un fair it was. Besides, we didn’t have any books in the house other than Mom’s Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: "I' Il drive you to the library."So pretty soon there were these two peevish boys sitting in her white 1959 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly among the children’s books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them.The first book I read clear through was Chip the Dam Builder. It was about beavers. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this verbal visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home.It didn’t dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip of a page.Soon I began to look forward to visiting this hushed sanctuary from my other world. I moved from animals to plants, and then to rocks. Between the covers of all those books were whole worlds, and I was free to go anywhere in them. Along the way a funny thing happened: I started to know things. Teachers started to notice it too. I got to the point where I couldn’t wait to get home to my books.Now my older brother is an engineer and I am chief of paediatric neurosurgery at John Hopkins C hildren’s Centre in Baltimore. Sometimes I still can' t believe my life' s journey, from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery.But I know when the journey began--the day Mom snapped off the TV set and put us in her Oldsmobile for that drive to the library.81. We can learn from the beginning of the passage thatA. the author and his brother had done poorly in school.B. the author had been very concerned about his school work.C. the author had spent much time watching TV after school.D. the author had realized how important schooling was.82. Which of the following is NOT true about the author’s family?A. He came from a middle-class family.B. He came from a single-parent family.C. His mother worked as a cleaner.D. His mother had received little education.83. The mother was ________ to make her two sons switch to reading books.A. hesitantB. unpreparedC. reluctantD. determined84. How did the two boys feel about going to the library at first?A. They were afraid.B. They were reluctant.C. They were indifferent.D. They were eager to go.85. The author began to love books for the following reasons EXCEPT thatA. he began to see something in his mind.B. he could visualize what he read in his mind.C. he could go back to read the books again.D. he realized that books offered him new experience.TEXT BPredicting the future is always risky. But it's probably safe to say that at least a few historians will one day speak of the 20th century as America's “Disney era”. Today, it's certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents modern America as powerfully as the company that created Mickey Mouse. Globally, brands like Coca-Cola and McDonalds may be more widely-known, but neither encapsulates 20th-century America in quite the same way as Disney.The reasons for Disney's success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongs to one person — the man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney. Ironically, he could not draw particularly well. But he was a genius in plenty of other respects. In business, his greatest skills were his insight and his management ability. After setting himself up in Hollywood, he single-handedly pioneered the concepts of branding and merchandising — something his company still does brilliantly today.But what really distinguished Disney was his ability to identify with his audiences. Disney always made sure his films championed the “little guy”, and made him feel proud to be American. This he achieved by creating characters that reflected the hopes and fears of ordinary people. Somecelebrated American achievements —Disney's very first cartoon Plane Crazy, featuring a silent Mickey Mouse, was inspired by Charles Lindbergh's flight across the Atlantic. Others, like the There Little Pigs and Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, showed how, through hard work and helping one's fellow man or Americans could survive social and economic crises like the Great Depression.Disney's other great virtue was the fact that his company — unlike other big corporations —had a human face. His Hollywood studio —the public heard —operated just like a democracy, where everyone was on first name terms and had a say in how things should be run. He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons celebrate America, but, during World War II, studios made training films for American soldiers.The reality, of course, was less idyllic. As the public would later learn, Disney's patriotism had an unpleasant side. After a strike by cartoonists in 1941, he became convinced that Hollywood had been infiltrated by Communists. He agreed to work for the FBI as a mole, identifying and spying on colleagues whom he suspected were subversives.But, apart from his affiliations with the FBI, Disney was more or less the genuine article. A new book, The Magic Kingdom; Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, by Steven Watts, confirms that he was very definitely on the side of ordinary Americans — in the 30s and 40s he voted for Franklin Roosevelt, believing he was a champion of the workers. Also, Disney was not an apologist for the FBI, as some have suggested. In fact, he was always suspicious of large, bureaucratic organizations, as is evidenced in films like That Darned Cat, in which he portrayed FBI agents as bungling incompetents.By the time he died in 1966, Walt Disney was an icon like Thomas Edison and the Wright Brothers. To business people and filmmakers, he was a role model; to the public at large, he was “Uncle Walt”— the man who had entertained them all their lives, the man who represented them all their lives, the man who represented all that was good about America.86. Walt Disney is believed to possess the following abilities EXCEPTA. painting.B. creativityC. management.D. merchandising.87. According to the passage, what was the pleasant side of Disney’s patriotism?A. He sided with ordinary Americans in his films.B. He supported America’s war efforts in his own way.C. He had doubts about large, bureaucratic organizations.D. He voted for Franklin Roosevelt in the 30s and 40s.88. In the sixth paragraph the sente nce “Disney was more or less the genuine article” means that ______.A. Disney was a creative and capable person.B. Disney once agreed to work for the FBI.C. Disney ran his company in a democratic way.D. Disney was sympathetic with ordinary people.89. The writer’s attitude toward Walt Disney can best be described asA. sympathetic.B. objective.C. critical.D. skeptical.TEXT CWhy do you listen to music? If you should put this question to a number of people, you might receive answers like these: “I like the beat of music”,“I look for attractive tunefulness”, “I am moved by the sound of choral singing”,“I listen to music for many reasons but I could not begin to describe them to you clearly.” Answers to this question would be many and dive rse, yet almost no one would reply, “Music means nothing to me.” To most of us, music means something; it evokes some response. We obtain some satisfaction in listening to music.For many, the enjoyment of music does not remain at a standstill. We feel that we can get more satisfaction from the musical experience. We want to make closer contact with music in order to learn more of its nature; thus we can range more broadly and freely in the areas of musical style, form, and expression. This book explores ways of achieving these objectives. It deals, of course, with the techniques of music, but only in order to show how technique is directed toward expressive aims in music and toward the listener’s musical experience. In this way, we may get an idea of th e composer’s intentions, for indeed, the composer uses every musi cal device for its power to communicate and for its contribution to the musical experience.Although everyone hears music differently, there is a common ground from which all musical experiences grow. That source is sound itself. Sound is the raw material of music. It makes up the body and substance of all musical activity. It is the point of departure in the musical experience.The kinds of sound that can be used for musical purposes are amazingly varied. Throughout the cultures of the world, East and West, a virtually limitless array of sounds has been employed in the service of musical expression. Listen to Oriental theatre music, then to an excerpt from a Wagner work; these two are worlds apart in their qualities of sound as well as in almost every other feature, yet each says something of importance to some listeners. Each can stir a listener and evoke a response in him. All music, whether it is the pulsation of primitive tribal drums or the complex coordination of voices and instruments in an opera, has this feature: it is based upon the power of sound to stir our senses and feelings.Yet sound alone is not music. Something has to happen to the sound. It must move forward in time. Everything that takes place musically involves the movement of sound. If we hear a series of drumbeats, we receive an impression of movement from one stroke to the next. When sounds follow each other in a pattern of melody, we receive an impression of movement from one tone to the next. All music moves; and because it moves, it is associated with a fundamental truth of existence and experience. We are stirred by impressions of movement because our very lives are constantly in movement. Breathing, the action of the pulse, growth, decay, the change of day and night, as well as the constant flow of physical action-these all testify to the fundamental role that movement plays in our lives. Music appeals to our desire and our need for movement.。

2005年12月四级A卷试题及答案（文字版）（2）

2005年12月四级A卷试题及答案（文字版）（2）Part II Reading comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle curl,” the Lay’s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker, Frito-Lay, thinks otherwise. “Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the company’s head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America, owned by PepsiCo, and accounts f or over half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas.Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. “Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones that consumers —especially young people — see as part of a modem, innovative(创新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know that Frito-Lay is anAmerican company. Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo(标识). The logo, along with the company’s lo ng-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the company’s global expansion.The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rather, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. “We’re making products in those countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive.原文出处：FritoLay: Using Potato Chips to Spread the Spirit of Free EnterpriseJust five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect "saddle curl," the Lay#39;s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination.But its maker, T exas-based Frito-Lay, thinks otherwise. "Potato chips are a snack for the world," said Salman Amin, the company#39;s head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world, no race or tribe, that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.The Chinese might have their nyen gao ping, made from rice flour, and the Indians their lentil-and-chickpea namkeens, but Frito-Lay believes they would rather be eating potato chips. Thecompany#39;s research has shown that when given a choice between their local snack and a Frito-Lay chip, consumers in most countries will choose the chip.Putting its findings into practice, Frito-Lay has expanded on all five continents by buying up local snack makers or defeating them with its marketing expertise and sheer size."Never have we introduced Lay#39;s potato chips and had it not be successful," said Dwight Riskey, the research and development head who devised Frito-Lay#39;s global strategy five years ago. "It#39;s been successful every single place we#39;ve introduced it."Thinking Globally, Acting GloballyFrito-Lay, which also produces Doritos and Chee-tos, is the biggest snack maker in the United States, with 55 percent of the potato chip market. It is owned by PepsiCo, and accounts for more than half of the parent company#39;s $3 billion profits every year. But the U.S. snack market is largely saturated, and in order to grow — the key to remaining successful — the company had to look overseas.Riskey#39;s strategy rests on two beliefs: first, that a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second that consumers in the 21st century are drawn to "global" as a concept. By "global," Riskey does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, like Coca-Cola and Nike, but ones that consumers —especially young people — see as part of a modern, innovative world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention — created by a chef in Saratoga Springs, N.Y. in 1853 — but most Chinese, for instance, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company.Instead, Riskey would hope they associate the brand with the brave new world of global communications and business.With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo, eventually settling on a red logo with a banner suggesting "celebration" and a sun denoting "universality." The logo, along with the company#39;s long-held marketing image of the "irresistibility" of its chips, would underpin the company#39;s global expansion.Taking Aim at the Local SnackFrito-Lay honed a strategy for moving into new countries where a local snack industry is already established. Rather than face the costs of building a new business in an unfamiliar market, the company identifies the leading local snack manufacturer and offers to buy it out. If the local manufacturer refuses to sell, Frito-Lay moves into the market on its own, using its size and marketing experience to cut into the local manufacturer#39;s sales. Often, at that point, the local company gives in and sells, sometimes for a lower price than the original offer.If the preferred local snack is already a potato chip, Frito-Lay rebrands it. After buying Walkers, the dominant chip in Britain, the Texas company refashioned the Walkers logo into the red "banner sun" design, as a first step toward changing the brand to Frito-Lay outright. Similar plans are under way for Sabritas in Mexico and Simba in South Africa. "We just say, #39;You know that stuff you love? Well, now it#39;s going to be called Lay#39;s,#39;" said Riskey.If the locals are used to eating something other than potato chips, Frito-Lay devises "differentiated products" that bridge the way to the chip. For the Indian market, the company created Kurkure Twisteez, a potato snack that comes in local flavors likeMasala Munch.Sometimes Frito-Lay#39;s products are so unfamiliar that the advertising campaigns focus on educating consumers in the hope of changing their "consumption habits." In China, Frito-Lay ads show potatoes actually being sliced, so people know where the chips come from. In Turkey, the company distributed pamphlets suggesting new recipes and eating habits: "Try a tuna sandwich for lunch, and join it with a bag of chips."Looking for #39;New Occasions#39;Like other multinational companies, Frito-Lay has learned that the best managers are often locals who know the market and culture well. Although they must follow certain global standards —such as the company#39;s long-held marketing theme of "irresistibility" — regional managers are encouraged to look for for new "occasions" to increase sales in their specific areas.In Holland, where the Dutch tend to eat potato chips only at night, as an after-dinner snack, manager Eugene Willemsen focused his efforts on changing their habits by distributing free samples on the streets during the day. He also targeted high schools, knowing that children were driving Frito-Lay#39;s growth in Holland. "For us, the biggest opportunity for growth is to penetrate new occasions with salty snacks," Willemsen said.In South Africa, national sales manager Arnold Selokane boosted sales in native townships by hiring local drivers to make deliveries, making the product seem less foreign. In China, sales director Jackson Chiu raised sales by 57 percent in one year, in part by focusing on girls and young women. "We market to girls and the boys follow," he said.The company encourages such initiative by flying promisingmanagers to the Frito-Lay headquarters in Plano, Texas, or the PepsiCo campus in Purchase, N.Y., for intensive courses on marketing and business development. Selokane and Chiu were among 200 PepsiCo employees honored at the company#39;s annual "Ring of Honor" ceremony in 2001. With honorees from 50 countries, speaking 30 different languages, the four-day program resembled the United Nations#39; General Assembly, complete with headsets and banks of translators.Not Just Potato ChipsThe executives behind Frito-Lay#39;s global expansion acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food that was created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rather, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. "We#39;re making products in those countries, we#39;re adapting it to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives," said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo#39;s chief executive.Frank Wong, who runs Frito-Lay#39;s operations in China, believes that by training Chinese managers the company is helping build up an educated middle class that will play a major role in the country#39;s economic transformation. "We bring a lot to China, a lot more than just the brand called Lay#39;s," he said.21. It is the belief of Frito-Lay’s head of global marketing that _____.A) potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world marketB) their company must find new ways to promote domestic salesC) the light golden color enhances the charm of their company’s potato chips{D) people all over the world enjoy eating their company’s potato chips}22. What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?A) Its products used to be popular among overseas consumers.B) Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker.C) It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.{D) It needs to turn to the world market for development.}23. One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that _____.{A) consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands}B) local brands cannot compete successfully with American brandsC) products suiting Chinese consumers’ needs bring more profitsD) products identified as American will have promising market value24. Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?A) To suit changing tastes of young consumers.{B) To promote the company’s strategy of globalization. }C) To change the company’s l ong-held marketing image.D) To compete with other American chip producers.25. Frito-Lay’s executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market _____.A) won’t affect the eating habits of the local peopleB) will lead to economic imperialism{C) will be in the interest of the local people} D) won’t spoil the taste of their chips。

专四听力真题原文—2005

[ti:TEM4-2005][al:英语专业四级真题][00:12.49]TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2005)[00:16.56]-GRADE FOUR-[00:18.46]PART I DICTATION[00:21.22]Listen to the following passage.[00:23.93]Altogether the passage will be read to you four times.[00:28.49]During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, [00:32.96]listen and try to understand the meaning.[00:36.93]For the second and third readings,[00:39.34]the passage will be read sentence by sentence,[00:42.56]or phrase by phrase,[00:44.54]with intervals of 15 seconds.[00:47.76]The last reading will be read at normal speed again[00:51.71]and during this time you should check your work.[00:55.35]You will then be given 2 minutes[00:57.32]to check through your work once more.[01:00.62]Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.[01:05.25]Now, listen to the passage.[01:09.75]The Wrist Watch[01:11.85]It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception [01:16.61]to the normal sequence in the evolution of men's jewelry. [01:21.63]Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, [01:26.14]and then adopted by men.[01:29.11]In the old days, queens included wrist watches[01:32.78]among their crown jewelry.[01:35.55]Later they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers.[01:40.74]Until World War I,[01:42.61]Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters.[01:47.37]Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch[01:51.02]was most practical for active combat.[01:54.86]Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches.[01:59.22]And pilots found them most useful while flying.[02:04.14]Soon, men dared to wear wrist watches[02:07.86]without feeling self-conscious.[02:11.03]By 1924, some 30 percent of men's watches[02:15.62]were worn on the wrist.[02:18.59]Today, the figure is 90 percent.[02:22.67]And they are now worn by both men and women[02:26.71]for practical purposes rather than for decoration.[02:33.14]The second and third readings.[02:36.23]You should begin writing now.[02:40.08]It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception [02:59.59]It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception [03:19.35]to the normal sequence in the evolution of men's jewelry. [03:38.07]to the normal sequence in the evolution of men's jewelry. [03:57.31]Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, [04:16.49]Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, [04:35.59]and then adopted by men.[04:52.39]and then adopted by men.[05:09.49]In the old days, queens included wrist watches[05:13.16]among their crown jewelry.[05:30.11]In the old days, queens included wrist watches[05:33.77]among their crown jewelry.[05:50.83]Later they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers.[06:09.65]Later they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers.[06:28.75]Until World War I,[06:30.57]Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters.[06:49.51]Until World War I,[06:51.37]Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters.[07:10.09]Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch[07:13.93]was most practical for active combat.[07:31.81]Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch[07:35.43]was most practical for active combat.[07:53.28]Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches.[08:12.01]Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches.[08:30.71]And pilots found them most useful while flying.[08:49.14]And pilots found them most useful while flying.[09:07.80]Soon, men dared to wear wrist watches[09:11.50]without feeling self-conscious.[09:28.54]Soon, men dared to wear wrist watches[09:32.28]without feeling self-conscious.[09:49.56]By 1924, some 30 percent of men's watches[09:53.97]were worn on the wrist.[10:11.43]By 1924, some 30 percent of men's watches[10:16.03]were worn on the wrist.[10:33.36]Today, the figure is 90 percent.[10:51.40]Today, the figure is 90 percent.[11:09.60]And they are now worn by both men and women[11:27.89]And they are now worn by both men and women[11:46.50]for practical purposes rather than for decoration.[12:05.28]for practical purposes rather than for decoration.[12:24.11]The last reading.[12:25.90]The Wrist Watch[12:28.18]It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception [12:32.75]to the normal sequence in the evolution of men's jewelry. [12:37.80]Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, [12:42.16]and then adopted by men.[12:45.31]In the old days, queens included wrist watches[12:49.00]among their crown jewelry.[12:51.69]Later they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers.[12:56.97]Until World War I,[12:58.75]Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters.[13:03.29]Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch[13:07.25]was most practical for active combat.[13:11.04]Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches.[13:15.51]And pilots found them most useful while flying.[13:20.43]Soon, men dared to wear wrist watches[13:24.13]without feeling self-conscious.[13:27.18]By 1924, some 30 percent of men's watches[13:32.00]were worn on the wrist.[13:34.94]Today, the figure is 90 percent.[13:39.01]And they are now worn by both men and women[13:42.97]for practical purposes rather than for decoration.[13:47.66]Now you have two minutes to check through your work.[15:53.32]That is the end of part 1 dictation.[15:59.95]PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION[16:04.60]SECTION A CONVERSATIONS[16:09.40]Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. [16:14.53]W: Good morning. Sit down please, Mr. Johnson.[16:17.81]M: Thank you, ma'am.[16:19.28]W: I have read your letter here.[16:21.20]You seemed to have done very well at school.[16:24.31]Can you tell me something about your school work?[16:27.54]M: As you can see, my strongest subjects were arts subjects. [16:31.38]My best subject was history and my second best was geography. [16:35.77]However, my favorite subject was math,[16:38.89]and the results I got in the math paper were quite reasonable. [16:42.29]W: That's true. Now can you tell me why you think[16:45.85]these subjects will help you in this job?[16:49.01]M: Well, ma'am, I understand that you manufacture computers, [16:52.46]prepare software and advise clients on how to use them.[16:56.22]Is that right?[16:57.18]W: That's right.[16:58.62]M: And I've been told that working with computers[17:00.87]needs a logical mind rather than great skills in mathematics.[17:05.57]That's especially true, I believe,[17:07.92]when it comes to writing programmes.[17:10.68]So I think my results show[17:12.36]that I have some ability in logic and in mathematics as well.[17:16.57]W: So you would like to write material for computers, would you? [17:20.74]M: Yes, ma'am. That's what interests me most about computers,[17:24.84]writing programmes.[17:26.50]But I think the computer industry itself is still expanding enormously. [17:31.59]I'm sure that career prospects in the industry[17:34.12]would be very good no matter what sort of job I went into.[17:37.58]W: I see. Well, thank you. I've enjoyed our talk.[17:41.63]We'll be writing to you.[17:43.50]M: Thank you, ma'am. Good morning.[18:00.47]Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation.[18:05.87]W: Excuse me. Could I ask you some questions?[18:09.67]M: Of course.[18:10.94]W: I work for an advertising agency,[18:13.70]and I'm doing some research.[18:16.06]It's for a new magazine for people like you.[18:19.23]M: People like me.[18:20.66]What do you mean?[18:22.23]W: People between twenty-five and thirty-five years old.[18:25.81]M: OK.[18:26.62]W: Right.[18:27.59]Um, what do you do at the weekend?[18:30.74]M: Well, on Fridays, my wife always goes to her exercise class. [18:35.33]Then she visits friends.[18:37.50]W: Don't you go out?[18:38.75]M: Not on Fridays.[18:39.87]I never go out on Fridays.[18:41.77]I stay at home and watch television.[18:44.00]W: And on Saturdays?[18:46.26]M: On Saturdays my wife and I always go sailing together.[18:49.99]W: Really?[18:50.71]M: Mm.[18:51.28]We love it.[18:52.31]We never miss it.[18:53.60]And then in the evening we go out.[18:56.14]W: Where to?[18:57.31]M: Different places.[18:58.86]We sometimes go and see friends.[19:01.17]We sometimes go to the cinema or a restaurant.[19:04.35]But we always go out on Saturday evenings.[19:07.04]W: I see. And now Sunday.[19:09.66]What happens on Sundays?[19:11.81]M: Nothing special.[19:13.26]We often go for a walk.[19:15.14]And I always cook a big Sunday lunch.[19:18.06]W: Oh. How often do you do the cooking?[19:21.27]M: Um, twice a week, three times a week.[19:24.56]W: Thank you very much.[19:26.35]All I need now are your personal details[19:29.41]-your name, job and so on.[19:32.58]What's your surname?[19:34.02]M: Robinson.[19:56.12]Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. [20:01.41]M: Parcel Express. Good morning.[20:03.40]How can I help you?[20:04.65]W: Good morning.[20:05.72]I'm thinking of sending a parcel to New York next week. [20:09.24]Can you tell me what the procedure is, please?[20:12.02]M: Certainly. When you ring us,[20:14.47]we need the following information:[20:16.70]the invoice address-that's probably your address, isn't it？[20:20.67]-and then the pick-up address if that's different.[20:24.00]And the contact phone number...[20:25.87]W: Just a moment...[20:27.28]I'm taking notes.[20:29.11]Phone number... right.[20:31.91]M: Then we need the full name,[20:33.24]address and phone number of the person[20:35.49]you're sending the parcel to.[20:37.57]W: OK. Anything else?[20:39.69]M: Yes, the weight and dimensions of the parcel[20:43.25]-that's height, weight and length...[20:46.20]and the value of the goods...[20:47.88]and a full description.[20:49.67]W: ... value... description.[20:51.96]M: Yes, but don't seal the parcel.[20:54.77]You need to leave it open so that the driver can[20:57.18]check the contents when he collects it.[20:59.94]After the recent bombing, the airline said[21:02.57]that we'd have to check all parcels;[21:04.93]they told us we had to do it.[21:06.98]W: Fine. Now, last question,[21:09.79]how long will the parcel take to get to New York?[21:12.91]M: One to two working days.[21:15.09]There are daily flights at midday.[21:17.48]And if we collect the parcel from you at 10:15,[21:20.39]then your parcel catches that flight,[21:22.55]and it'll arrive within 24 hours.[21:25.09]W: Right. Thank you very much.[21:27.53]You've been very helpful.[21:29.11]M: Not at all. Goodbye.[21:30.69]W: Goodbye.[21:47.89]SECTION B PASSAGES[21:53.03]Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following announcement. [21:58.39]Attention, all passengers.[22:00.40]Platform change-this is a platform change.[22:04.07]The train now standing at Platform 9 is the 10:48 train[22:08.97]calling at all stations to Nanjing.[22:12.40]Please note.[22:13.41]The train on Platform 9 is not the 10:52 train to Jinan. [22:18.85]It's the 10:48 train calling at all stations to Nanjing. [22:23.62]The 10:52 to Jinan will now leave from Platform 7.[22:28.94]Train announcement.[22:30.32]The 11:20 train to Zhengzhou from Platform 8[22:34.14]will be subject to a fifteen-minute delay.[22:37.78]I repeat, there will be a fifteen-minute delay for[22:41.15]the Zhengzhou train on Platform 8.[22:43.92]It will now leave at 11:35, not 11:20.[22:48.47]The 11:28 train to Hangzhou has been cancelled.[22:52.49]We apologize to customers,[22:54.34]but due to signal problems the 11:28 train to Hangzhou[22:58.66]from Platform 15 has been cancelled.[23:02.10]The 11:32 train to Tianjin is now standing at Platform 13. [23:07.64]Please note-there will be no restaurant car on this train. [23:11.97]I repeat, there will be no restaurant car[23:14.88]on the 11:32 to Tianjin now standing at Platform 13.[23:36.93]Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage.[23:43.04]The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum[23:45.92]was opened in Geneva in 1988.[23:49.63]It tells the story of men and women who,[23:52.39]in the course of the major events of the last 150 years, [23:56.70]have given assistance to victims of war and natural disasters. [24:02.44]The organization was established in 1863,[24:06.13]and was based on the idea[24:07.78]by a Swiss businessman called Henry Durant.[24:11.68]He had witnessed the heavy casualties of the Battle of Solferino [24:15.21]in Italy four years earlier,[24:17.80]and which 40,000 people were killed, wounded, or missing.[24:22.32]He had seen the lack of medical services and[24:24.79]the great suffering of many of the wounded,[24:27.40]who simply died from lack of care.[24:31.04]The International Red Cross or Red Crescent exists to[24:34.80]help the victims of conflicts and disasters[24:37.56]regardless of their nationalities.[24:40.71]The symbol of the organization was originally just the red cross. [24:45.16]It has no religious significance;[24:47.77]the founders of the movement[24:49.04]adopted it as a tribute to Switzerland.[24:52.46]However, during the Russo-Turkish war,[24:55.61]the Turks felt that the cross could be seen[24:57.66]as offensive to the Muslim soldiers[24:59.89]and a second symbol, the red crescent,[25:02.71]was adopted for use by national organizations[25:05.81]in the Islamic world.[25:07.73]Both are now official symbols.[25:25.74]Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage.[25:31.11]At major college or high school sports events,[25:34.22]cheerleaders, both male and female,[25:36.92]jump and dance in front of the crowd and[25:39.44]shout the name of their team,[25:41.61]running around yelling "Go, team, go!"[25:45.01]The first cheerleader ever was a man.[25:47.78]In 1898, Johnny Campbell jumped in front of the crowd[25:51.84]at the university of Minnesota and shouted for his team.[25:56.45]He shouted, "Hoo-rah Minn-e-so-tah!"[26:00.15]This was the first organized show, or "yell".[26:04.35]For the next thirty-two years cheerleaders were men only.[26:08.47]Cheerleading is not just about cheering.[26:11.03]They practice special shows, dances, and athletic shows.[26:15.89]The men throw the women high in the air and catch them.[26:19.89]The team members climb on each other's shoulders[26:22.53]to make a human pyramid.[26:24.60]They yell and dance too.[26:26.69]It is like human fireworks.[26:29.28]Of course, they may often suffer serious knee and[26:32.42]wrist injuries and bloody noses.[26:35.68]Cheerleaders have their own contests every year at local,[26:39.55]state, and national levels.[26:42.33]And a crowd shouts for them.[26:44.66]It is not fair to think cheerleading is just being cheerful and [26:48.31]lively and having a loud voice.[26:51.42]Cheerleading is a sport in itself.[27:14.63]SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST[27:19.10]Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news.[27:25.15]The bodies of dozens of African emigrants[27:28.33]discovered off the Italian coast last week[27:31.39]might have been thrown overboard,[27:33.66]Italian officials said on Monday.[27:36.45]A coastguard spokesman said 15 illegal immigrants,[27:40.66]all believed to come from Somalia,[27:43.17]survived being thrown into the Mediterranean sea,[27:47.04]but one of the survivors, a woman, was in a serious condition.[27:51.99]They told the coastguard that their boat had left Libya 20 days [27:55.88]before with around 100 emigrants aboard.[27:59.68]They said most had died during the trip.[28:03.02]Last Friday, seven Africans, including three children,[28:06.91]died before their boat could reach the island.[28:10.17]A further 25 people survived.[28:23.63]Question 23 is based on the following news.[28:28.25]China has set its sight on putting three people into space for a week, [28:32.14]the China News Service said on Tuesday.[28:35.32]The news agency reported an official as saying[28:38.12]that preparations were under way for the next Shenzhou launch.[28:43.28]The Shenzhou VI is expected to blast off within the next two years. [28:48.29]Shenzhou V carried a Chinese astronaut aloft.[28:51.94]He circled the earth 14 times during his 21-hour trip, October 15 to 16, 2003,[28:59.64]making China the third country to put a man into space.[29:09.40]Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news.[29:14.28]Gigantic waves of flame that covered entire neighborhoods[29:18.08]and filled the skies over southern California[29:20.50]with ash have killed at least 13 people.[29:24.30]At least six separate wildfires[29:26.56]were still burning on Monday morning,[29:28.85]all the way from the Mexican border[29:30.89]to the suburbs of Los Angeles.[29:34.10]They were reported to have destroyed 800 homes[29:37.29]and consumed about 120,000 hectares of land.[29:42.27]Authority said they were seeking two men[29:44.32]in connection with the fires,[29:46.62]which they believe were started deliberately.[30:00.03]Questions 26 to 28 are based on the following news.[30:05.23]There has been modest growth in tourism worldwide[30:09.09]despite two years of terrorism, war, and disease,[30:12.96]and China is the engine driving it,[30:15.31]according to the World Tourism Organization.[30:18.49]International tourists' numbers hit a record 702 million last year, [30:24.31]a rise of 2.7 per cent over 2001,[30:28.51]the year of the September 11 attacks.[30:31.58]France remains the most popular destination,[30:34.74]receiving more than 77 million visitors,[30:37.95]followed by Spain, United States and Italy.[30:42.58]China, however, marked 11 per cent growth over that period,[30:46.82]attracting 36.8 million international visitors.[30:50.94]It ranks fifth among leading tourism nations.[30:54.99]By 2020, it will be top,[30:57.78]with predictions of 130 million visitors per year.[31:02.29]Chinese themselves are also becoming a major force as travelers. [31:06.96]According to a Xinhua report,[31:09.54]over 16.6 million Chinese traveled abroad last year,[31:14.09]up 37 per cent from the previous year.[31:17.38]Their numbers are expected to grow to 30 million[31:20.64]by the end of the decade, and 100 million in 2020.[31:42.03]Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news.[31:47.47]Around forty former military officers in Argentina[31:50.62]have been arrested for possible extradition[31:53.36]to Spain on human rights charges.[31:56.57]The arrest came as the Argentine government[31:58.99]struck down the decree[32:00.41]prohibiting such extradition,[32:02.58]saying all Argentine should be equal before the law.[32:06.83]Those detained include a former navy captain[32:09.51]and several other ex-officers suspected of torture or murder[32:13.76]during the last period of military rule in Argentina,[32:17.22]which ended in 1983.[32:30.02]This is the end of Listening Comprehension.[32:32.58]。

2005年12月24日大学英语四级真题试题（B卷）（4）

2005年12月24日大学英语四级真题试题（B卷）（4）Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle curl,” the Lay’s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker. Frito-Lay. Thinks otherwise.” Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the company’s head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America. owned by PepsiCo. And accounts for over half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow. the company has to look overseas.Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete. And second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. ”Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumes-especially young people-see as part of a modem, innovative(创新的)world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know than Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo(标识).The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility”of its chips. would help facilitate the company’s globa l expansion.The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rater, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. “We’re making products in those countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive.【您现在阅读的文章来自“中国人才指南网”，请记住我们的永久域名：】26.It is the belief of Frito-Lay’s head of global marking that_____.A)People the world over enjoy eating their company’s potato chipsB)The light golden color enhances the charm of their company’s potato chipsC)Their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales.D)Potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market27.What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?A)It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.B)It needs to turn to the word market for development.C)Its products use to be popular among overseas consumers.D)Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker.28.One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that_____.A)products identified as American will have promisingmarket valueB)products suiting Chinese consumers’ needs bring more profitsC)local brands cannot compete successfully with American brandsD)consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands29.Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?A)To suit changing tastes of young consumers.B)To compete with other American chip producers.C)To change the company’s long-held marketing image.D)To promote the company#39;s strategy of globalization.30.Frito-Lay#39;s executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market_____.A)will be in the interest of the local peopleB)will lead to economic imperialismC)won’t spoil the taste of their chipsD)won#39;t affect the eating habits of the local people。

2005年12月全国大学英语四级考试真题和答案

2005年12月全国大学英语四级考试真题和答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A 1. A) See a doctor. B) Stay in bed for a few days. C) Get treatment in a better hospital. D) Make a phone call to the doctor. 2. A) The 2:00 train will arrive earlier. B) The 2:30 train has a dining car. C) The woman prefers to take the 2:30 train. D) they are gong to have some fast food on the train 3. A) She has been longing to attend Harvard University. B) She’ll consider the man’s suggestion carefully.C) She has finished her project with Dr. Garcia’s help.D) She’ll consult Dr. Garcia about entering graduate school.4. A) Alice didn’t seem to be nervous during her speech.B) Alice needs more training in making public speeches. C) The man can hardly understand Alice’s presentation.D) The man didn’t think highly of Alice’s presentation.5. A) It’s worse than 30 years ago.B) It remains almost the same as before. C) There are more extremes in the weather. D) There has been a significant rise in temperature. 6. A) At a publishing house. B) At a bookstore. C) In a reading room. D) In Prof. Jordan’s office.7. A) The man can stay in her brother’s apartment.B) Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel. C) Her brother can find an apartment for the man. D) The man should have booked a less expensive hotel. 8. A) Priority should be given to listening. B) It’s most helpful to read English newspapers every day.g. C) It’s more effective to combine listening with readinD) Reading should come before listening. 9. A) It can help solve complex problems. B) It will most likely prove ineffective. C) It is a new weapon against terrorists. D) It will help detect all kinds of liars. 10. A) Help the company recruit graduate students. B) Visit the electronics company next week. C) Get apart-time job on campus before graduation. D) Apply for a job in the electronics company. Section B Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A) It ha been proven to be the best pain-killer. B) It is a possible cure for heart disease. C) It can help lower high body temperature effectively. D) It reduces the chance of death for heart surgery patients. 12. A) It keeps blood vessels from being blocked. B) It speeds up their recovery after surgery. C) It in creases the blood flow to the heart. D) It adjusts their blood pressure. 13. A) It is harmful to heart surgery patients with stomach bleeding. B) It should not be taken by heart surgery patients before the operation. C) It will have considerable side effects if taken in large doses. D) It should not be given to patients immediately after the operation. Passage Two Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A) They strongly believe in family rules. B) They are very likely to succeed in life. C) They tend to take responsibility for themselves. D) They are in the habit of obeying their parents. 15. A) They grow up to be funny and charming. B) They often have a poor sense of direction. C) They get less attention from their parents. D) They tend to be smart and strong-willed. 16. A) They usually don’t follow family rules.B) They don’t like to take chances in their lives.C) They are less likely to be successful in life. D) They tend to believe in their parent’s ideas.Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17. A) They wanted to follow his example. B) They fully supported his undertaking. C) They were puzzled by his decision. fully prepared. D) They were afraid he wasn’t 18. A) It is more exciting than space travel. B) It is much cheaper than space travel. C) It is much safer than space travel. D) It is less time-consuming than space travel. 19. A) They both attract scientists’ attention.B) They can both be quite challenging. C) They are both thought-provoking. D) They may both lead to surprising findings. 20. A) To show how simple the mechanical aids for diving can be. B) To provide an excuse for his changeable character. C) To explore the philosophical issues of space travel. D) To explain why he took up underwater exploration. Part II Reading comprehension (35 minutes) Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. th a perfect “saddle curl,” Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and wi-Lay. the Lay’s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker. Frito Thinks otherwise. “Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the eves there is no corner of the world that can company’s head of global marketing. Amin beliresist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip. Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America, owned by PepsiCo. And accounts for over food market is largely half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas. Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first a global product offers economies of scale with which to “global” local brands cannot compete. And second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn as a concept. “Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumes-especially young people-see as part of a modem, innovative (创新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know than Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business. With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo (标识). -held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, The logo, along with the company’s longe company’s global expansion.would help facilitate th e company’s global expansion.The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rater, they see Frito-Lay as across the world. “We’re making products in those spreading the benefits of free enterprise countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive.Lay’s head of global marking that ________.21. It is the belief of Frito-A) potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market B) their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales ps C) the light golden color enhances the charm of their company’s potato chiD) people the world over enjoy eating their company’s potato chips22. What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2? A) Its products use to be popular among overseas consumers. B) Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker. C) It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company. D) It needs to turn to the word market for development. 23. One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that ________. A) consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands B) local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands C) products suiting Chinese consumers’ needs bring more profitsD) products identified as American will have promising market value 24. Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned? A) To suit changing tastes of young consumers. B) To promote the company’s strategy of globalization.C) To change the company’s long-held marketing image. D) To compete with other American chip producers. 25. Frito-Lay’s executives claim that th e promoting of American food in the international market ________. A) won’t affect the eating habits of the local peopleB) will lead to economic imperialism C) will be in the interest of the local people D) won’t spoil the taste of their chipsPassage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain school District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. “We’re worried about our teachers and principals, and we really don’t want to lose them because of this,” one parent sail. “If we can help ease their financial burden, we will. “Teachers are grateful, but know it may be years before the district is solvent (有综合能力的). They feel really good about the parent support, but they realize it’s impossible for then to solve this problem. The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month. “It’s extraordinary. Nobody this at this level,” said State Treasurer Mike would have imagined something happening like Coffman. Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing yp a $9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll (工资单) to be met for 2,700 teachers and staff in time for the holidays. District officials also took $1.7 million from student-activity accounts its 38 schools. At Coffman’s request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the district’s finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools. In Frederick, students’ parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs. Some $36,000 has been raised in donations from Safeway. A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the district’s $10,750 bill for renting the driver educating cars. IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper. “We employ thousands of people in this community,” said Mitch Carson, a hospital chief executive, who helped raise funds. “We have children in the school, and we see how they could be affected.”At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum (论坛)。

05年英语专四听力原文和答案

2005年专四听力答案PART I DICTATIONThe WristwatehIt is generally believed that wristwatches are an exception to the normal sequence in the evolution of men's jewelry./ Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women/ and then adopted by men./ In the old days, queens included wristwatches among their crown jewelry. / Later they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wristwatch was most practical for active combat. Race car drivers also loved to wear wristwatches/ and pilots found they are most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wristwatches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924 some 30% of men ' s watches were worn on the wrist. / Today the figure is 90% / and they are now worn by both men and women/ for practical purposes rather than for decoration.PART ⅡLISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A CONVERSATIONSQuestions I to 3 are based on the following conversation.W: Good morning, sit down please, Mr. Johnson.M: Thank you, ma'am.W: I have read your letter here. Y ou seem to have done very well at school. Can you tell me something about your school work?M: As you can see, (1) my strongest subjects were art subjects. My best subject was history and my second best was geography. However, my favorite subject was math and the results I got in the math paper were quite reasonable.W: ITiat' s true. Now can you tell me why you think these subjects will help you in this job?M: Well, ma' am, I understand that you manufacture computers, prepare software and advise clients on how to use them. Is that right?W: That's right.M: And (2) I ' ve been told that working with computers needs the logical mind rather than great skills in mathematics. That 's especially true, I believe, when it comes to writing programs. So I think my results show that I have some ability in logic and in mathematics as well.W: So you would like to write material for computers, would you?M: Y es, ma ' am, (3) that ' s what interests me most about computers: writing programs. But I think the computer industry itself is still expanding enormously. I am sure that career prospects in the industry will be very good no matter what sort of job I went into.W: I see. Well, thank you. I ' ve enjoyed our talk, we ' II be writing to you.M: Thank you ma'am. Good morning.Key: 1.C 2.A 3.BQuestions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation.W: Excuse me, could I ask you some questions?M: Of course.W: I work for an advertising agency and ( 4 )l'm doing some research. It ' s for a new magazine, for people like you.M: People like me? What do you mean?W: People between 25 and 35 years old.M: OK.W: Right. Um, What do you do at the weekend?M: Well, on Fridays my wife always goes to her exercise classes, then she visits friends.W: (5)Don't you go out?M: (5)Not on Fridays. I never go out on Fridays. I stay at home and watch television.W: And on Saturdays?M: (6)0n Saturdays my wife and I always go sailing together.W: Really?M: Mmm, we love it. We never miss it. And then in the evening we go out.W: Where to?M: Different places. We sometimes go and see friends, we sometimes go to the cinema or a restaurant, but we always go out on Saturday evenings.W: I see.And now, Sunday? What happen on Sunday?M: Nothing special. We often go for a walk and I always cook a big Sunday lunch. W: Oh, how often do you do the cooking?M: Um, twice a week, three times a week.W: Thank you very much. (7) All I need now are your personal details, your name, job, and so on. What' s your surname?M：Robinson.Key: 4.A 5. D 6.B 7.AQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation.M: Parcel Express, good morning. How can I help you?W: Good morning, I ' m thinking of sending a parcel to New Y ork next week. Can you tell me what the procedure is, please?M: Certainly. When you ring us, (8) we need the following information; the invoice address, that ' s probably your address, isn' t it? And then, the pickup address if that' s different. And a contact phone number.W: Just a moment, I' m taking notes. Phone number, right.M: Then we need the full name, address and phone number of the person you ' re sending the parcel to.W: Ok, anything else?M: Y es, the weight and dimensions of the parcel. That' s height, width and length. And the value of the goods and a full description.W: Value, description.M: Y es, but don ' t seal the parcel. (9) Y ou need to leave it open so that the driver can check the contents when he collects it. After the recent bombins, the airlines said that we' d have to check all parcels. They told us we had to do it.W; Fine, (10) now last question. How long will the parcel take to get to New Y ork?M: One to two working days. There are daily flights at midday. And if we collect the parcel from you at 10:15, then your parcel catches that flight and it”ll arrive within 24 hours.W: Right, thank you very much. Y ou've been very helpful.M: Not at all. Good-bye.W: Good-bye.Key: 8.C 9.B 10.ASECTION B PASSAGESQuestions II to 73 are based on the following announcement.Attention all passengers, platform change, this is a platform change. (11) The train, now standing at platform 9, is the 10:48 train, calling at all stations to Nanjing. Please note, the train on platform 9 is not the 10:52 train to Ji'nan. It's the 10:48 train calling at all stations to Nanjing. (12) The 10:52 to Jinan will now leave from platform 7. Train announcement. The II: 20 train to Zhengzhou from platform 8 will be subject to a 15-minute delay. I repeat, there will be a 15- minute delay for the Zhengzhou train on platform 8. It will now leave at 11:35, not 11:20. (13) The 11:28 train to Hangzhou has been cancelled. We apologize to customers, but due to a signal problem, the 11: 28 train to Hangzhou from platform 15 has been cancelled. The 11:32 train to Tianjin is now standing at platform 13. Please note, there will be no restaurant car on this train. I repeat, there will be no restaurant car on the 11:32 to Tianjin now standing at platform 13.Key: 11.C 12.B 13.DQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage.The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum was opened in Geneva in 1988. (14)lt tells the story of men and women who, in the course of the major events of the last 150 years, have given assistance to victims of war and natural disasters. The organization was established in 1863 and was based on an idea by a Swiss businessman called Henn Burant. (15)He had witnessed the heavy casualties at the battle of Sulferino in Italy 4 years earlier, in which 40 OOP people were killed, wounded or missing. He had seen the lack of medical services and the great suffering of many of the wounded who simply died from lack of care. The International Red Cross or Red Crescent exists to help the victims of conflicts and disasters regardless of their nationalities. (16) The symbol of the organization was originally just the red cross. It has no religious significance. The founders of the movement adopted it as a tribute toSwitzerland. However, during the Russo-Turkish War, the Turks felt that the cross could be seen as offensive to Muslim soldiers, (16) and a second symbol, the red crescent, was adopted for use by national organizations in the Islamic world. Both are now official symbols.Key: 14.B 15.D 16.BQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage.At major college or high school sports events, cheerleaders, both male and female, jump and dance in front of the crowd, and sholft the name of their team, running around and yelling " Go, team, Go ". The first cheerleader ever was a man. In 1898, John Campbell jumped in front of the crowd at the University of Minnesota and shouted for his team. He shouted " Hoorah, Minnesota". This was the first organized shout, or yell. For the next 32 years cheerleaders were men only. Cheerleading is not just about cheering. (18) They practice special shouts, dances, and athletic shows. (19) The men throw the women high in the air and catch them. The team members climb on each others shoulders to make a human pyramid. They yell and dance, too. It is like human fireworks. Of course, they may often suffer serious knee and wrist injuries, and bloody noses. (17)/(20) Cheerleaders have their own contests every year at local, state and national levels. And the crowd shouts for them. It is not fair to think cheerleading is just being cheerful and lively and having a loud voice. (17) Cheerleading is a sport in itself.Key: 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.BSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 1(21) The bodies of dozens of African immigrants, discovered off the Italian coast last week, might have been thrown overboard, Italian officials said on Monday. A coast guard spokesman said 15 illegal immigrants, all believed to come from Somalia, survived being thrown into the Mediterranean Sea. But one of the survivors, a woman, was in a serious condition. (22) They told the coast guard that their boat had left Libya 20 days before, with around 100 immigrants aboard. They said most had died during the trip. Last Friday, 7 Africans, including 3 children, died before their boat could reach the island. A further 25 people survived.Key: 21.D 22.BNews Item 2(23) China has set its sight on putting 3 people into space for a week, the China News Service said on Tuesday. The news agency reported an official as saying that preparations were underway for the next Shenzhou launch. The Shenzhou VI is expected to blast off within the next 2 years. Shenzhou V carried a Chinese astronaut aloft. He circled the Earth 14 times during his 21- hour trip, October 15-16, 2003, making China the third country to put a man into space.Key: 23.BNews Item 3(24) Gigantic waves of flame that covered entire neighborhoods and filled the skies over Southern California with ash have killed at least 13 people. At least 6 separate wildfires were still burning on Monday morning, all the way from the Mexican border to the suburbs of Los Angeles. They were reported to have destroyed 800 homes and consumed about 120 000 hectares of land. (25) Authorities said they were seeking 2 men in connection with the fires, which they believe were started deliberately.Key: 24.D 25.ANews Item 4There has been modest growth in tourism worldwide, despite 2 years of terrorism, war and disease. And China is the engine driving it, according to the World Tourism Organization. International tourist numbers hit a record 702 million last year, a rise ,of 2.7 percent over 2001 , the year of the September II attacks. (26) France remains the most popular destination , receiving more than 77 million visitors, followed by Spain, United States, and Italy. China, however, marked II percent growth over that period, attracting 36. 8 million international visitors. It ranks fifth among leading tourism nations. (27) By 2020, it will be top, with predictions of 130 million visitors per year. Chinese themselves are also becoming a major force as travelers. (28) According to a Xinhua report, over 16.6 million Chinese traveled abroad last year, up 37 percent from the previous year. Their numbers are expected to grow to 30 million by the end of the decade, and 100 million in 2020.Key: 26.C 27.B 28.DNews Item 5(29)/(30) Around 40 former military officers in Argentina have been arrested for possible extradition to Spain on human rights charges. The airest came as the Argentine government struck down the decree prohibiting such extradition, saying all Argentines should be equal before the law. (30) Those detained include a former navy captain and several other exofficers suspected of torture or murder during the last period of military rule in Argentina, which ended in 1983.Key: 29.C 30.A。

2005年12月英语四级听力原文

2005年12月四级听力参考答案1. A2. C3. D4. A5. C6. B7. A8. C9. B10. D11. D12. A13. A14. B15. C16. A17. C18. B19. B20. D1. W: Carol told us on the phone not to wo rry about her. Her left leg doesn’t hurt as much as it did yesterday.M: She’d better have it examined by a doctor anyway. And I will call her about it this evening.Q: What does the man think Carol should do?2. M: There is a non-stop train for Washington and it leaves at 2:30.W: It’s faster than the 2 o’clock train. Besides, we can have something to eat before getting on the train.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?3. M: Hi, Melissa, how’s your project going? Have you thought about going to graduate school? Perhaps you can get into Harvard.W: Everything is coming along really well. I have been thinking about graduate school. But I’ll talk to my tutor Dr. Garcia first and see what she thinks.Q: What do you learn about the woman from the conversation?4. W: Did you attend Alice’s presentation last night? It was the first time for her to give a speech to a large audience.M: How she could be so calm in front of so many people is really beyond me! Q: What do we learn from the conversation?5. W: You’ve been doing weather reports for neatly 30 years. Has the weather got any worse in all these years?M: Well, not necessarily worse. But we are seeing more swings.Q: What does the man say about the weather?6. M: Excuse me, I am looking for the textbook by a Professor Jordon for the marketing course.W: I am afraid it’s out of stock. You’ll have to order it. And it will take the publisher 3 weeks to send it to us.Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?7. M: I am going to New York next week, but the hotel I booked is really expensive.W: Why book a hotel? My brother has 2 spare rooms in his apartment.Q: What does the woman mean?8. W: In my opinion, watching the news on TV is a good way to learn English. What do you think?M: It would be better if you could check the same information in English newspapers afterwards.Q: What does the man say about learning English?9. M: I hear a newly-invented drug can make people tell the truth and it may prove useful in questioning terr orists. Isn’t it incredible?W: Simple solutions to complex problems rarely succeed. As far as I know, no such drugs are ever known to work.Q: What does the woman think of the new drug?10. M: You know the electronics company is coming to our campus to recruit graduate students next week.W: Really? What day? I’d like to talk to them and hand in my resume.Q: What does the woman want to do?Passage oneA new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart. More than 800,000 people around the world have this heart surgery each year. The doctors who carried out the study say giving aspirin to patients soon afterthe operation could save thousands of lives. People usually take aspirin to control pain and reduce high body temperature. Doctors also advise some people to take aspirin to help prevent heart attacks. About 10-15 percent of these heart operations end in death or damage to the heart or other organs. The new study shows that even a small amount of aspirin reduced such threats. The doctors said the chance of death for patients who took aspirin would fall by 67%. They claimed this was true if the aspirin was given within 48 hours of the operation. The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked. However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. What is the finding of the new study of aspirin?12. In what way can aspirin help heart surgery patients according to the doctors?13. What warning did the doctors give about the use of aspirin?Passage TwoWere you the first or the last child in you family? Or were you a middle or an only child? Some people think it matters where you were born in you family. But there are different ideas about what birth order means. Some people say that oldest children are smart and strong-willed. They are very likely to be successful. The reason for this is simple. Parents have a lot of time for their first child; they give him or her a lot of attention. So this child is very likely to do well. An only child will succeed for the same reason. What happens to the other children in the family? Middle children don’t get so much attention, so they don’t feel that important. If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd. The youngest child, though, often gets special treatment. He or she is the baby. Often this child grows up to be funny and charming. Do you believe these ideas of birth order too? A recent study saw things quite differently. The study found that first children believed in family rules. They didn’t take many chances in their lives. They usually followed orders. Rules didn’t mean as much to later children in the family. They went out and followed their own ideas. They took chances and they often did better in life.Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. According to common belief, in what way are the first child and the only child alike?15. What do people usually say about middle children?16. What do we learn about later children in a family from a recent study of birth order?Passage ThreeWhen my interest shifted from space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends, yet I can understand their feelings. As I have been writing and talking about space flight for the best part of 20 years, a sudden switch of interest to the depth of the sea doer seem peculiar. To explain, I’d like to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind. The first excuse I give is an economic one. Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight. The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development. By the end of this century, the cost will be down to a few million. On the other ha nd, the diving suit and a set of basic tools needed for skin-diving can be bought for 20 dollars. My second argument is more philosophical. The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space. In their different ways, both sea and space are equally hostile. If we wish to survive in either for any length of time, we need to have mechanical aids. The diving suit helped the design of the space suit. The feelings and the emotions of a man beneath the sea will be much like those of a man beyond the atmosphere.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. How did the speaker’s friends respond to his change of interest?18. What is one of the reasons for the speaker to switch his interest to underwater exploration?19. In what way does the speaker think diving is similar to space travel?20. What is the speaker’s purpose in giving this talk?。

2005年英语专业4级(TEM-4)真题及参考答案

2005年英语专业4级(TEM-4)真题及参考答案TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORSTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2005)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [15 MIN ]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.1. According to the conversation, Mr Johnson is NOT very strong inA. history.B. geography.C. mathematics.D. art.2. Mr Johnson thinks that _______ can help him a lot in the job.A. logicB. writingD. mathematics3. Mr Johnson would like to work as a(n)A. adviser.B. computer programmer.C. product designer.D. school teacher.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.4. What is the main purpose of the research?A. To make preparations for a new publication.B. To learn how couples spend their weekends.C. To know how housework is shared.D. To investigate what people do at the weekend.5. What does the man do on Fridays?A. He goes to exercise classes.B. He goes sailing.C. He goes to the cinema.D. He stays at home.6. On which day does the couple always go out?A. Friday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.D. Any weekday.7. Which personal detail does the man give?A. Surname.B. First name.C. Address.D. Age.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.8. Parcel Express needs the following details about the sender EXCEPTA. name.B. address.D. phone number.9. Parcels must be left open mainly forA. customs’ check.B. security check.C. convenience’s sake.D. the company’s sake.10. The woman’s l ast inquiry is mainly concerned withA. the time needed for sending the parcel.B. the flight time to New York.C. the parcel destination.D. parcel collection.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passagescarefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.11. Where is the train to Nanjing now standing?A. At Platform 7.B. At Platform 8.C. At Platform 9.D. At Platform 13.12. Which train will now leave at 11:35?A. The train to Jinnan.B. The train to Zhengzhou.C. The train to Tianjin.D. The train to Hangzhou.13. Which train has now been cancelled?A. The train to Jinnan.B. The train to Zhengzhou.C. The train to Tianjin.D. The train to Hangzhou.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the14. The museum was built in memory of thoseA. who died in wars.B. who worked to help victims.C. who lost their families in disasters.D. who fought in wars.15. Henry Durant put forward the idea because heA. had once fought in a war in Italy.B. had been wounded in a war.C. had assisted in treating the wounded.D. had seen the casualties and cruelties of war.16. Which of the following statements about the symbols is INCORRECT?A. Both are used as the organization’s official symbols.B. Both are used regardless of religious significance.C. The red cross was the organization’s original symbol.D. The red crescent was later adopted for use in certain regions.17. How should cheerleading be viewed according to the passage?A. It is just a lot of cheering.B. It mainly involves yelling.C. It mainly involves dancing.D. It is competitive in nature.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.18. How do the cheerleaders perform their jobs?A. They set fireworks for their team.B. They put on athletic shows.C. They run around the spectators.D. They yell for people to buy drinks.19. Why do the cheerleaders sometimes suffer physical injuries?A. Because they try dangerous acts to catch people’s attention.B. Because they shout and yell so their voice becomes hoarse.C. Because they go to the pyramid and the hills to perform.D. Because they dance too much every day for practice.20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The first cheerleaders was a man named John Campbell.B. Cheerleaders’ contests are only held at the state level.C. Before 1930 there were no women cheerleaders.D. The first cheerleading occurred in 1898.SECTION C NEWS BROAOCASTQuestions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.21. How many of the emigrants died after being thrown into the sea?A. 15 of them.B. 3 of them.C. 100 of them.D. Dozens of them.22. The illegal emigrants came fromA. Italy.B. Africa.C. the Mediterranean region.D. places unknown.Question 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.23. What does the news item mainly report?A. China will send three people into space in a week.B. Three Chinese astronauts will spend a week in space.C. The Shenzhou VI will be launched next year.D. Shenzhou V circled the earth for two days.Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.24. Which of the following had NOT been affected by the wildfires?A. Houses.B. Land.C. Skies.D. Cars.25. The fires were thought to have been startedA. purposefully.B. accidentally.C. on the Mexican border.D. in southern California.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.26. ________ ranks second among leading tourism nations.A. FranceB. The United StatesC. SpainD. Italy27. It is predicted that by 2020 China will receive _________ visitors.A. 77 millionB. 130 millionC. 36.8 millionD. 100 million28. According to a Xinhua report, last year saw a _________ per cent increase in the number of Chinese traveling abroad.A. 16.6B. 30C. 100D. 37Question 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.29. What would happen to the Argentine officers?A. They would be arrested by Spanish authorities.B. They would be tried in an Argentine court.C. They would be sent to Spain for trial.D. They would be tortured or murdered.30. What accusation would the Argentine officers face?A. Violation of human rights.B. Involvement in illegal actions.C. Planning anti-government activities.D. Being part of the military rule.PART III CLOZE [15 MIN. ]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank onyour answer sheet.A person’s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Dependingon personality, most have in mind a(n) ―(31) ______ home‖. But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical (32)________ of cash and location on achieving that idea.Cash (33) ________, in fact, often means that the only way of (34) _________ when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things (35) _________ financially. There are obvious (36) ________of living at home—personal laundryis usually (37) _________ done along with the family wash; meals are providedand there will be a well-established circle of friends to (38) _________. Andthere is (39) _________ the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc.On the other hand, (40) _________ depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family—(41) _________do you like them? Are you prepared to be (42) __________ when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n) (43) _________, and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you (44) _________ finding somewhere else to live?If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are (45)_________well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always (46)_________. If you are going to work in a (47) _________ area, again there arethe papers—and the accommodation agencies, (48) _________ these should be approached with (49) _________. Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usuallythe (50) ________ of the first week’s re nt, if you take accommodation they have found for you.31. A. ideal B. perfect C. imaginary D. satisfactory32. A. deficiencies B. weaknesses C. insufficiencies D. limitations33. A. cut B. shortage C. lack D. drain34. A. getting over B. getting in C. getting back D. getting along35. A. improve B. enhance C. develop D. proceed36. A. concerns b. issues C. advantages D. problems37. A. still B. always C. habitually D. consequently38. A. call in B. call over C. call upon D. call out39. A. always B. rarely C. little D. sometimes40. A. little B. enough C. many D. much41. A. and B. but C. still D. or42. A. tolerant B. hostile C. indifferent D. good-tempered43. A. agreement B. consensus C. compromise D. deal44. A. go about B. go over C. go in for D. go through45. A. seldom B. less C. probably D. certainly46. A. dependent B. a good source of information C. of great value D. reliable47. A. familiar B. cold C. humid D. new48. A. though B. while C. since D. as49. A. enthusiasm B. hesitation C. caution D. concern50. A. same B. equivalent C. equal D. simiarityPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN ]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.51. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to adviseyou much better than I can.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were52. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.A. Although he is a socialistB. Even if he is a socialistC. Being a socialistD. Since he is a socialist53. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.A. so as toB. such as toC. such toD. as much as to54. James has just arrive d, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came55. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be56. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will haveto install _________ solar heating device in our home.A. some type ofB. some types of aC. some type of aD. some types of57. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ the journey in exactly two days.A. must takeB. must have madeC. was able to makeD. could make58. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _________ stupid.A. something butB. anything butC. nothing butD. not but59. Do you know Tim’s brothe r? He is _________ than Tim.A. much more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more of sportsmanD. more a sportsman60. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we________ strong actions against him.A. betrayed…takeB. had betrayed…tookC. has betrayed…tookD. has betrayed…take61. What’s the chance of ________ a general election this year?A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there going to be62. The meeting was put off because we __________ a meeting without John.A. objected havingB. were objected to havingC. objected to haveD. objected to having63. ________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had64. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ________ that he paid me back the following week.A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if65. Children who stay away from school do ________ for different reasons.A. themB. /C. itD. theirs66. –Why are you staring?–I’ve never seen ______tree before.67. There are still many problem ahead of us, but by his time next year we cansee light at the end of the _________.A. battleB. dayC. roadD. tunnel68. We realized that he was under great _________, so we took no notice of hisbad temper.A. excitementB. stressC. crisisD. nervousness69. The director tried to get the actors to _________ to the next scene by handsignals.A. move onB. move offC. move outD. move along70. His ideas are invariably condemned as ________ by his colleagues.A. imaginativeB. ingeniousC. impracticalD. theoretical71. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _________ against the local authorities’ decision to build a highway across the field.A. contradictB. reformC. counterD. protest72. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _________.A. minorityB. scarcityC. rarityD. minimum73. Professor Johnson’s retirement ________ from next January.A. carries into effectB. takes effectC. has effectD. puts into effect74. The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to ________ government spending.A. financeB. expandC. enlargeD. budget75. The heat in summer is no less _________ here in this mountain region.A. concentratedB. extensiveC. intenseD. intensive76. Taking photographs is strictly ________ here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.A. forbiddenB. rejectedC. excludedD. denied77. Mr. Brown’s condition look s very serious and it is doubtful if he will_________.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out78. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been towardon-demand, always-available products and service s that suit the customer’s_________ rather than the company’s.A. benefitB. availabilityC. suitabilityD. convenience79. The priest made the ________ of the cross when he entered the church.A. markB. signalC. signD. gesture80. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it.A. lightlyB. sparselyC. hardlyD. rarelyPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN ]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT ATEXT B注：本文摘自《英语学习四十年精选之异域风情+ 国外风情面面观》Predicting the future is always risky. But it's probably safe to say that atleast a few historians will one day speak of the 20th century as America's ― Disney era ‖ . Today, it's certainly difficult to think of any other singlething that represents modern America as powerfully as the company that created Mickey Mouse. Globally, brands like Coca-Cola and McDonalds may be more widely-known, but neither encapsulates 20th-century America in quite the same way as Disney.The reasons for Disney's success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongs to one person — the man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney. Ironically, he could not draw particularly well. But he was a genius in plenty of other respects. In business, his greatest skills were his insight and his management ability. After setting himself up in Hollywood, he single-handedly pioneered the concepts of branding and merchandising — something his company still does brilliantly today.But what really distinguished Disney was his ability to identify with his audiences. Disney always made sure his films championed the ― little guy ‖ , and made him feel proud to be American. This he achieved by creating characters that reflected the hopes and fears of ordinary people. Some celebrated American achievements — Disney's very first cartoon Plane Crazy, featuring a silent Mickey Mouse, was inspired by Charles Lindbergh's flight across the Atlantic. Others, like the There Little Pigs and Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, showed how, through hard work and helping one's fellow man, or Americans could survive social and economic crises like the Great Depression.Disney's other great virtue was the fact that his company — unlike other big corporations — had a human face. His Hollywood studio — the public heard —operated just like a democracy, where everyone was on firstname terms and had a say in how things should be run. He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons celebrate America, but, during World War II, studios made training films for American soldiers.The reality, of course, was less idyllic. As the public would later learn,Disney's patriotism had an unpleasant side. After a strike by cartoonists in1941, he became convinced that Hollywood had been infiltrated by Communists. He agreed to work for the FBI as a mole, identifying and spying on colleagues whomhe suspected were subversives.But, apart from his affiliations with the FBI, Disney was more or less the genuine article. A new book, The Magic Kingdom; Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, by Steven Watts, confirms that he was very definitely on the side ofordinary Americans — in the 30s and 40s he voted for Franklin Roosevelt,believing he was a champion of the workers. Also, Disney was not an apologistfor the FBI, as some have suggested. In fact, he was always suspicious of large, bureaucratic organizations, as is evidenced in films like That Darned Cat, inwhich he portrayed FBI agents as bungling incompetents.By the time he died in 1966, Walt Disney was an icon like Thomas Edison andthe Wright Brothers. To business people and filmmakers, he was a role model; tothe public at large, he was ― Uncle Walt ‖— the man who had entertained them all their lives, the man who represented them all their lives, the man whorepresented all that was good about America.86. Walt Disney is believed to possess the following abilities EXCEPTA. painting.B. creativityC. management.D. merchandising.87. According to the passage, what was the pleasant side of Disney’s patriotism?A. He sided with ordinary Americans in his films.B. He supported America’s war efforts in his own way.C. He had doubts about large, bureaucratic organizations.D. He voted for Franklin Roosevelt in the 30s and 40s.88. In the sixth paragraph the sentence ―Disney was more or less the genuine article‖ means thatA. Disney was a creative and capable person.B. Disney once agreed to work for the FBI.C. Disney ran his company in a democratic way.D. Disney was sympathetic with ordinary people.89. The writer’s attitude toward Walt Disney can best be described asA. sympathetic.B. objective.C. critical.D. skeptical.TEXT CTEXT DPART VI WRITING [45 MIN. ]SECTION A COMPOSITION [35 MIN]The students’ Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival nextsemester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas andsuggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the followingtopic:MY IDEA OF A UNIVERSITY ARTS FESTIV ALYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your idea is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea OR describeyour idea.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or asummary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 MIN ]Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You have got two tickets to a concert given by a famous pop band/orchestra.Write a note to your friend, Hilda/Mike, describing briefly what it is andinviting her/him to come with you.Marks will be awarded for content ,organization, grammer and appropriateness.-THE END- From The Wrist WatchIt is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception / to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and thenadopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches, / and pilots found them most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percent. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposes rather than for decoration.1-10 CABAD BACBA11-20 CBDBD BDBAB21-30 DBBCA CBDCA31-40 AABAA CCABC41-50 BDBAD DDBCD51-60 AABBD ACBBC61-70 ADCCD BDBBC71-80 DABAC ACDDB81-90 CADBC ABDAB<a href=>真题网提供</a><br>。

2005年专业英语四级听力部分及答案

PART I DICTATION (15 MIN)Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 MIN) In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.1. According to the conversation, Mr. Johnson is NOT very strong in ________.A. historyB. geographyC. mathematicsD. art2. Mr. Johnson thinks that ________ can help him a lot in the job.A. logicB. writingC. historyD. mathematics3. Mr. Johnson would like to work as a (n)A. adviserB. computer programmerC. product designerD. school teacherQuestions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.4. What is the main purpose of the research?A. To make preparations for a new publication.B. To learn how couples spend their weekends.C. To know how housework is shared.D. To investigate what people do at the weekend.5. What does the man do on Fridays?A. He goes to exercise classes.B. He goes sailing.C. He goes to the cinema.D. He stays at home.6. On which day does the couple always go out?A. Friday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.D. Any weekday.7. Which personal detail does the man give?A. Surname.B. First name.C. Address.D. Age.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.8. Parcel Express needs the following details about the sender EXCEPTA. nameB. addressC. receiptD. phone number9. Parcels must be left open mainly for ________.A. customs' checkB. security checkC. convenience's sakeD. the company's sake10. The woman's last inquiry is mainly concerned with ________.A. the time needed for sending the parcelB. the flight time to New YorkC. the parcel destinationD. parcel collectionSECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.11. Where is the train to Nanjing now standing?A. At Platform 7.B. At Platform 8.C. At Platform 9.D. At Platform 13.12. Which train will now leave at 11:35?A. The train to Jinan.B. The train to Zhengzhou.C. The train to Tianjin.D. The train to Hangzhou.13. Which train has now been cancelled?A. The train to Jinan.B. The train to Zhengzhou.C. The train to Tianjin.D. The train to Hangzhou.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage. 14. The museum was built in memory of those ________.A. who died in warsB. who worked to help victimsC. who lost their families in disastersD. who fought in wars15. Henry Durant put forward the idea because he ________.A. had once fought in a war in ItalyB. had been wounded in a warC. had assisted in treating the woundedD. had seen the casualties and cruelties of war16. Which of the following statements about the symbols is INCORRECT?A. Both are used as the organization's official symbols.B. Both are used regardless of religious significance.C. The red cross was the organization's original symbol.D. The red crescent was later adopted for use in certain regions.17. How should cheerleading be viewed according to the passage?A. It is just a lot of cheering.B. It mainly involves yelling.C. It mainly involves dancing.D. It is competitive in nature.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.18. How do the cheerleaders perform their jobs?A. They set fireworks for their team.B. They put on athletic shows.C. They run around the spectators.D. They yell for people to buy drinks.19. Why do the cheerleaders sometimes suffer physical injuries?A. Because they try dangerous acts to catch people's attention.B. Because they shout and yell so their voice becomes hoarse.C. Because they go to the pyramid and the hills to perform.D. Because they dance too much every day for practice.20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The first cheerleaders was a man named John Campbell.B. Cheerleaders' contests are only held at the state level.C. Before 1930 there were no women cheerleaders.D. The first cheerleading occurred in 1898.SECTION C NEWS BROAOCASTQuestions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.21. How many of the emigrants died after being thrown into the sea?A. 15 of themB. 3 of themC. 100 of themD. Dozens of them.22. The illegal emigrants came from ________.A. Italy.B. Africa.C. the Mediterranean regionD. places unknownQuestion 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.23. What does the news item mainly report?A. China will send three people into space in a week.B. Three Chinese astronauts will spend a week in space.C. The Shenzhou VI will be launched next year.D. Shenzhou V circled the earth for two days.Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.24. Which of the following had NOT been affected by the wildfires?A. Houses.B. Land.C. Skies.D. Cars.25. The fires were thought to have been started ________.A. purposefullyB. accidentallyC. on the Mexican borderD. in southern CaliforniaQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.26. ________ ranks second among leading tourism nations.A. France.B. The United States.C. Spain.D. Italy.27. It is predicted that by 2020 China will receive ________ visitors.A. 77 millionB. 130 millionC. 36.8 millionD. 100 million28. According to a Xinhua report, last year saw a ________ per cent increase in thenumber of Chinese traveling abroad.A. 16.6B. 30C. 100D. 37Question 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.29. What would happen to the Argentine officers?A. They would be arrested by Spanish authorities.B. They would be tried in an Argentine court.C. They would be sent to Spain for trial.D. They would be tortured or murdered.30. What accusation would the Argentine officers face?A. Violation of human rights.B. Involvement in illegal actions.C. Planning anti-government activities.D. Being part of the military rule.The WristwatchIt is generally believed that wristwatches are an exception to the normal sequence in the evolution of men's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wristwatches among their crown jewelry. /Later they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wristwatch wad most practical for active combat. Race car drivers also loved to wear wristwatches / and pilot s found they are most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wristwatches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924 some 30% of men's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today the figure is 90% / and they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposes rather than for decoration.1-5 CABAD6-10 BACBA11-15 CBDBD16-20 BDBAB21-25 DBBDA26-30 CBDCA。

2005专业四级真题及答案解析

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORSTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2005)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [15 MIN ]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [15 MIN ]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.1. According to the conversation, Mr Johnson is NOT very strong inA. history.B. geography.C. mathematics.D. art.2. Mr Johnson thinks that _______ can help him a lot in the job.A. logicB. writingC. historyD. mathematics3. Mr Johnson would like to work as a(n)A. adviser.B. computer programmer.C. product designer.D. school teacher.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.4. What is the main purpose of the research?A. To make preparations for a new publication.B. To learn how couples spend their weekends.C. To know how housework is shared.D. To investigate what people do at the weekend.5. What does the man do on Fridays?A. He goes to exercise classes.B. He goes sailing.C. He goes to the cinema.D. He stays at home.6. On which day does the couple always go out?A. Friday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.D. Any weekday.7. Which personal detail does the man give?A. Surname.B. First name.C. Address.D. Age.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.8. Parcel Express needs the following details about the sender EXCEPTA. name.B. address.C. receipt.D. phone number.9. Parcels must be left open mainly forA. customs’ check.B. security check.C. convenience’s sake.D. the company’s sake.10. The woman’s last inquiry is mainl y concerned withA. the time needed for sending the parcel.B. the flight time to New York.C. the parcel destination.D. parcel collection.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.11. Where is the train to Nanjing now standing?A. At Platform 7.B. At Platform 8.C. At Platform 9.D. At Platform 13.12. Which train will now leave at 11:35?A. The train to Jinnan.B. The train to Zhengzhou.C. The train to Tianjin.D. The train to Hangzhou.13. Which train has now been cancelled?A. The train to Jinnan.B. The train to Zhengzhou.C. The train to Tianjin.D. The train to Hangzhou.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.14. The museum was built in memory of thoseA. who died in wars.B. who worked to help victims.C. who lost their families in disasters.D. who fought in wars.15. Henry Durant put forward the idea because heA. had once fought in a war in Italy.B. had been wounded in a war.C. had assisted in treating the wounded.D. had seen the casualties and cruelties of war.16. Which of the following statements about the symbols is INCORRECT?A. Both are used as the organizati on’s official symbols.B. Both are used regardless of religious significance.C. The red cross was the organization’s original symbol.D. The red crescent was later adopted for use in certain regions.17. How should cheerleading be viewed according to the passage?A. It is just a lot of cheering.B. It mainly involves yelling.C. It mainly involves dancing.D. It is competitive in nature.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.18. How do the cheerleaders perform their jobs?A. They set fireworks for their team.B. They put on athletic shows.C. They run around the spectators.D. They yell for people to buy drinks.19. Why do the cheerleaders sometimes suffer physical injuries?A. Because they try dangerous acts to catch people’s attention.B. Because they shout and yell so their voice becomes hoarse.C. Because they go to the pyramid and the hills to perform.D. Because they dance too much every day for practice.20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The first cheerleaders was a man named John Campbell.B. Cheerleaders’ contests are only held at the state level.C. Before 1930 there were no women cheerleaders.D. The first cheerleading occurred in 1898.SECTION C NEWS BROAOCASTQuestions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.21. How many of the emigrants died after being thrown into the sea?A. 15 of them.B. 3 of them.C. 100 of them.D. Dozens of them.22. The illegal emigrants came fromA. Italy.B. Africa.C. the Mediterranean region.D. places unknown. Question 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.23. What does the news item mainly report?A. China will send three people into space in a week.B. Three Chinese astronauts will spend a week in space.C. The Shenzhou VI will be launched next year.D. Shenzhou V circled the earth for two days.Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.24. Which of the following had NOT been affected by the wildfires?A. Houses.B. Land.C. Skies.D. Cars.25. The fires were thought to have been startedA. purposefully.B. accidentally.C. on the Mexican border.D. in southern California.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.26. ________ ranks second among leading tourism nations.A. FranceB. The United StatesC. SpainD. Italy27. It is predicted that by 2020 China will receive _________ visitors.A. 77 millionB. 130 millionC. 36.8 millionD. 100 million28. According to a Xinhua report, last year saw a _________ per cent increase in the number of Chinese traveling abroad.A. 16.6B. 30C. 100D. 37Question 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.29. What would happen to the Argentine officers?A. They would be arrested by Spanish authorities.B. They would be tried in an Argentine court.C. They would be sent to Spain for trial.D. They would be tortured or murdered.30. What accusation would the Argentine officers face?A. Violation of human rights.B. Involvement in illegal actions.C. Planning anti-government activities.D. Being part of the military rule.PART III CLOZE [15 MIN. ]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.A person’s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n) “(31) ______ home”. But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical (32) ________ of cash and location on achieving that idea.Cash (33) ________, in fact, often means that the only way of (34) _________ when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things (35) _________ financially. There are obvious (36) ________of living at home—personal laundry is usually (37) _________ done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to (38) _________. And there is (39) _________ the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc. On the other hand, (40) _________ depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family—(41) _________do you like them? Are you prepared to be (42) __________ when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n) (43) _________, and that you finally have the money to leave,how do you (44) _________ finding somewhere else to live? If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are (45) _________well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always (46) _________. If you are going to work in a (47) _________ area, again there are the papers—and the accommodation agencies, (48) _________ these should be approached with (49) _________. Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the (50) ________ of the first week’s rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.31. A. ideal B. perfect C. imaginary D. satisfactory32. A. deficiencies B. weaknesses C. insufficiencies D. limitations33. A. cut B. shortage C. lack D. drain34. A. getting over B. getting in C. getting back D. getting along35. A. improve B. enhance C. develop D. proceed36. A. concerns B. issues C. advantages D. problems37. A. still B. always C. habitually D. consequently38. A. call in B. call over C. call upon D. call out39. A. always B. rarely C. little D. sometimes40. A. little B. enough C. many D. much41. A. and B. but C. still D. or42. A. tolerant B. hostile C. indifferent D. good-tempered43. A. agreement B. consensus C. compromise D. deal44. A. go about B. go over C. go in for D. go through45. A. seldom B. less C. probably D. certainly46. A. dependent B. a good source of informationC. of great valueD. reliable47. A. familiar B. cold C. humid D. new48. A. though B. while C. since D. as49. A. enthusiasm B. hesitation C. caution D. concern50. A. same B. equivalent C. equal D. similarityPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN ]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet51. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better thanI can.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were52. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.A. Although he is a socialistB. Even if he is a socialistC. Being a socialistD. Since he is a socialist53. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.A. so as toB. such as toC. such toD. as much as to54. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came55. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be56. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install _________ solar heating device in our home.A. some type ofB. some types of aC. some type of aD. some types of57. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ the journey in exactly two days.A. must takeB. must have madeC. was able to makeD. could make58. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _________ stupid.A. something butB. anything butC. nothing butD. not but59. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim.A. much more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more of sportsmanD. more a sportsman60. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him.A. betrayed…takeB. had betrayed…tookC. has betrayed…tookD. has betrayed…take61. What’s the chance of ________ a general election this year?A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there going to be62. The meeting was put off because we __________ a meeting without John.A.objected havingB. were objected to havingC. objected to haveD. objected to having63. ________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had64. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ________ that he paid me back the following week.A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if65. Children who stay away from school do ________ for different reasons.A. themB. /C. itD. theirs66. –Why are you staring?–I’ve never seen ______tree before.A. kind ofB. that kind ofC. such kindD. such67. There are still many problem ahead of us, but by his time next year we can see light at the end of the _________.A. battleB. dayC. roadD. tunnel68. We realized that he was under great _________, so we took no notice of his bad temper.A. excitementB. stressC. crisisD. nervousness69. The director tried to get the actors to _________ to the next scene by hand signals.A. move onB. move offC. move outD. move along70. His ideas are invariably condemned as ________ by his colleagues.A. imaginativeB. ingeniousC. impracticalD. theoretical71. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _________ against the local authorities’ decision to build a highway across the field.A. contradictB. reformC. counterD. protest72. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _________.A. minorityB. scarcityC. rarityD. minimum73. Professor Johnson’s retirement ________ from next January.A. carries into effectB. takes effectC. has effectD. puts into effect74. The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to ________ government spending.A. financeB. expandC. enlargeD. budget75. The heat in summer is no less _________ here in this mountain region.A. concentratedB. extensiveC. intenseD. intensive76. Taking photographs is strictly ________ here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.A. forbiddenB. rejectedC. excludedD. denied77. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _________.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out78. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customer’s _________ rather than the company’s.A. benefitB. availabilityC. suitabilityD. convenience79. The priest made the ________ of the cross when he entered the church.A. markB. signalC. signD. gesture80. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it.A. lightlyB. sparselyC. hardlyD. rarelyPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN ]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT AIt was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didn’t’ know enough to really care. My older brother and I lived with Mom in a dingy m ulti-family house in Detroit. We watched TV every night. The background noise of our lives was gunfire and horses hoofs from "Wagon Train" or "Cheyenne", and laughter from "I Love Lucy" or "Mister Ed", After supper, we' d sprawl on Mom' s bed ..and stare for hours at the tube.But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But she was much brighter and smarter than we boys knew at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned--books. So she came home one day, snapped off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. "You boys are going to read two books every week," she said. "And you’re going to write me a report on what you read."We moaned and complained about how un fair it was. Besides, we didn’t have any books in the house other than Mom’s Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: "I' Il drive you to the library."So pretty soon there were these two peevish boys sitting in her white 1959 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly among the children’s books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them.The first book I read clear through was Chip the Dam Builder. It was about beavers. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this verbal visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home.It didn’t dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip of a page.Soon I began to look forward to visiting this hushed sanctuary from my other world. I moved from animals to plants, and then to rocks. Between the covers of all those books were whole worlds, and I was free to go anywhere in them. Along the way a funny thing happened: I started to know things. Teachers started to notice it too. I got to the point where I couldn’t wait to get home to my books.Now my older brother is an engineer and I am chief of paediatric neurosurgery at John Hopkins C hildren’s Centre in Baltimore. Sometimes I still can' t believe my life' s journey, from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery.But I know when the journey began--the day Mom snapped off the TV set and put us in her Oldsmobile for that drive to the library.81. We can learn from the beginning of the passage thatA. the author and his brother had done poorly in school.B. the author had been very concerned about his school work.C. the author had spent much time watching TV after school.D. the author had realized how important schooling was.82. Which of the following is NOT true about the author’s family?A. He came from a middle-class family.B. He came from a single-parent family.C. His mother worked as a cleaner.D. His mother had received little education.83. The mother was ________ to make her two sons switch to reading books.A. hesitantB. unpreparedC. reluctantD. determined84. How did the two boys feel about going to the library at first?A. They were afraid.B. They were reluctant.C. They were indifferent.D. They were eager to go.85. The author began to love books for the following reasons EXCEPT thatA. he began to see something in his mind.B. he could visualize what he read in his mind.C. he could go back to read the books again.D. he realized that books offered him new experience.TEXT BPredicting the future is always risky. But it's probably safe to say that at least a few historians will one day speak of the 20th century as America's “Disney era”. Today, it's certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents modern America as powerfully as the company that created Mickey Mouse. Globally, brands like Coca-Cola and McDonalds may be more widely-known, but neither encapsulates 20th-century America in quite the same way as Disney.The reasons for Disney's success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongs to one person — the man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney. Ironically, he could not draw particularly well. But he was a genius in plenty of other respects. In business, his greatest skills were his insight and his management ability. After setting himself up in Hollywood, he single-handedly pioneered the concepts of branding and merchandising — something his company still does brilliantly today.But what really distinguished Disney was his ability to identify with his audiences. Disney always made sure his films championed the “little guy”, and made him feel proud to be American. This he achieved by creating characters that reflected the hopes and fears of ordinary people. Somecelebrated American achievements —Disney's very first cartoon Plane Crazy, featuring a silent Mickey Mouse, was inspired by Charles Lindbergh's flight across the Atlantic. Others, like the There Little Pigs and Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, showed how, through hard work and helping one's fellow man or Americans could survive social and economic crises like the Great Depression.Disney's other great virtue was the fact that his company — unlike other big corporations —had a human face. His Hollywood studio —the public heard —operated just like a democracy, where everyone was on first name terms and had a say in how things should be run. He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons celebrate America, but, during World War II, studios made training films for American soldiers.The reality, of course, was less idyllic. As the public would later learn, Disney's patriotism had an unpleasant side. After a strike by cartoonists in 1941, he became convinced that Hollywood had been infiltrated by Communists. He agreed to work for the FBI as a mole, identifying and spying on colleagues whom he suspected were subversives.But, apart from his affiliations with the FBI, Disney was more or less the genuine article. A new book, The Magic Kingdom; Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, by Steven Watts, confirms that he was very definitely on the side of ordinary Americans — in the 30s and 40s he voted for Franklin Roosevelt, believing he was a champion of the workers. Also, Disney was not an apologist for the FBI, as some have suggested. In fact, he was always suspicious of large, bureaucratic organizations, as is evidenced in films like That Darned Cat, in which he portrayed FBI agents as bungling incompetents.By the time he died in 1966, Walt Disney was an icon like Thomas Edison and the Wright Brothers. To business people and filmmakers, he was a role model; to the public at large, he was “Uncle Walt”— the man who had entertained them all their lives, the man who represented them all their lives, the man who represented all that was good about America.86. Walt Disney is believed to possess the following abilities EXCEPTA. painting.B. creativityC. management.D. merchandising.87. According to the passage, what was the pleasant side of Disney’s patriotism?A. He sided with ordinary Americans in his films.B. He supported America’s war efforts in his own way.C. He had doubts about large, bureaucratic organizations.D. He voted for Franklin Roosevelt in the 30s and 40s.88. In the sixth paragraph the sente nce “Disney was more or less the genuine article” means that ______.A. Disney was a creative and capable person.B. Disney once agreed to work for the FBI.C. Disney ran his company in a democratic way.D. Disney was sympathetic with ordinary people.89. The writer’s attitude toward Walt Disney can best be described asA. sympathetic.B. objective.C. critical.D. skeptical.TEXT CWhy do you listen to music? If you should put this question to a number of people, you might receive answers like these: “I like the beat of music”,“I look for attractive tunefulness”, “I am moved by the sound of choral singing”,“I listen to music for many reasons but I could not begin to describe them to you clearly.” Answers to this question would be many and dive rse, yet almost no one would reply, “Music means nothing to me.” To most of us, music means something; it evokes some response. We obtain some satisfaction in listening to music.For many, the enjoyment of music does not remain at a standstill. We feel that we can get more satisfaction from the musical experience. We want to make closer contact with music in order to learn more of its nature; thus we can range more broadly and freely in the areas of musical style, form, and expression. This book explores ways of achieving these objectives. It deals, of course, with the techniques of music, but only in order to show how technique is directed toward expressive aims in music and toward the listener’s musical experience. In this way, we may get an idea of th e composer’s intentions, for indeed, the composer uses every musi cal device for its power to communicate and for its contribution to the musical experience.Although everyone hears music differently, there is a common ground from which all musical experiences grow. That source is sound itself. Sound is the raw material of music. It makes up the body and substance of all musical activity. It is the point of departure in the musical experience.The kinds of sound that can be used for musical purposes are amazingly varied. Throughout the cultures of the world, East and West, a virtually limitless array of sounds has been employed in the service of musical expression. Listen to Oriental theatre music, then to an excerpt from a Wagner work; these two are worlds apart in their qualities of sound as well as in almost every other feature, yet each says something of importance to some listeners. Each can stir a listener and evoke a response in him. All music, whether it is the pulsation of primitive tribal drums or the complex coordination of voices and instruments in an opera, has this feature: it is based upon the power of sound to stir our senses and feelings.Yet sound alone is not music. Something has to happen to the sound. It must move forward in time. Everything that takes place musically involves the movement of sound. If we hear a series of drumbeats, we receive an impression of movement from one stroke to the next. When sounds follow each other in a pattern of melody, we receive an impression of movement from one tone to the next. All music moves; and because it moves, it is associated with a fundamental truth of existence and experience. We are stirred by impressions of movement because our very lives are constantly in movement. Breathing, the action of the pulse, growth, decay, the change of day and night, as well as the constant flow of physical action-these all testify to the fundamental role that movement plays in our lives. Music appeals to our desire and our need for movement.。