考研英语翻译讲座第1讲

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考研英语一翻译技巧讲解ppt课件

考研英语一翻译技巧讲解ppt课件
处理:跳读,再把插入语放到句首翻译。
副词插入语:frankly, especially, fortunately, indeed, however…
短语插入语:generally speaking(总的来说), to tell the truth(老实说), in a sense(在某种意义上讲), in a word(总而言之), strange to say(说来奇怪), to some extent(从一定程度上讲)…
具体要根据各成分的修饰关系而定。
The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.(2015年真题)
人生中几乎不可能不经历某种失败。那些经历过失 败的人可能活得很谨慎,以致于一事无成。
准确、完整、通顺
完整——不漏译
The growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. 与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽视儿童事件
准确、完整、通顺
通顺——说人话,符合汉语表达习惯
研究健康和身体如何吸收并利用食物成分之间的关 系的学科被称为临床营养学,它的历史可以被分为 四个不同的阶段。
方法总结:将同位语提前翻译,作为定语修饰被修 饰的名词,可视具体情况增译
另译:临床医药学研究……
插入语
插入语的作用:为了增加句子表达的多样性,在英语 中任何成分(词/短语/句子)都可以用两个逗号或者破 折号隔开成为插入成分。
后置定语
(3)现在分词短语 A leaf floating in the wind 飘在风中的一片叶子 (4)过去分词短语 The meeting held last month 上个月举办的会议 (5)动词不定式短语 A way to solve the problem 解决问题的一个方式

博士研究生英语精读教材翻译1-3课(中科院)[整理版]

博士研究生英语精读教材翻译1-3课(中科院)[整理版]

第1课知识的悖论The Paradox of Knowledge人类从古类人猿进化到当前的状态这个长久的进化过程中的最大成就是有关于人类自身、世界以及宇宙众多知识的获得和积聚。

这些知识的产物就是那些我们总称为“文化”的所有的东西,包括语言、科学、文学、艺术、所有的物质机器、仪器、我们所用的结构以及社会所依赖的物质基础设施。

我们之中大多数人认为现代社会中各种知识在不断增长,与此同时社会或群体对新知识的积累也在稳步减少我们对人类自身、世界及宇宙的未知。

然而,现有的无垠的未知领域在不断提示着我们需要批判性地分析这个设想。

普遍的观点认为,智力的演变与身体的发育相似,虽然要快上许多。

生物的进化经常被描述为“个体的进化重演物种的进化”,意思就是个体的胚胎在其从受精卵发展到人类胎儿的过程中经历了几个阶段,在这些阶段中个体胚胎类似人类物种的祖先形式。

普遍的观点认为人类从天真无邪的状态进步的,这个状态可以比作婴儿,然后逐渐的获得越来越多的知识,就像一个小孩通过学习通过了教育体系的几个年级一样。

这种观点中暗含着一种臆断,那就是种系发育类似个体发育,知识的积累最终能达到一个基本完整的阶段,至少在特定的领域中是如此,就好像社会已获得了所有的高等学位,这些学位表明它已经掌握了各个重要学科的知识。

实际上,一些杰出的科学家已经表达了这样的观点。

1894年伟大的物理学家Albert Michelson在芝加哥大学的一个演讲中讲到:虽然不能断言未来的物理学不会再取得比过去更惊人的成就,但很可能大多数的重要的基本原理都已经牢固的确立了,那么,进一步的发展将可能主要是如何将这些基本原理精确地应用到我们注意的现象上去。

人们很难在物理学领域再作突破。

在迈克尔逊讲述上一段话之后的一个世纪,科学家们在物理学上的发现远远超出了对小数点第六位测量的改进,而今天没有人会再进行与Michelson相似的阐述。

但是仍有许多人坚持认为知识有迟早达到穷尽的可能性。

考研英语翻译冲刺讲义

考研英语翻译冲刺讲义

一、考研翻译高分策略【本章要点】-掌握考研翻译高分两大策略-巩固试题演练【翻译技巧】◎尽量译主干1)划竖线,断开结构2)看动词,瞻前顾后3)译主干,稳定分数◎修饰层层加1)看词性,分析关系2)译修饰,能加则加【试题演练】【例1】(2005年49题)Creating a“European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.模考:笔记:【例2】(2008年47题)He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.模考:笔记:【例3】(2008年49题)He adds humbly that perhaps he was“superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention,and in observing them carefully.”模考:笔记:本章参考译文【例1】不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织在一起,要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事,需要人们做出战略性的选择。

【例2】他还坚持认为自己进行长时间完全抽象思维的能力十分有限,由此他认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。

考研英语一翻译ppt课件

考研英语一翻译ppt课件
分句处理二 and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
在本句中,of exploitation和“of the superiority … and the inferiority …”是并列关系,都作后置定语来修饰 rationalization
严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活 动报批 制度等 相关规 章制度 。做到 及时发 现、制 止、汇 报并处 理各类 违纪行 为或突 发事件 。
and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
虽然我们可能仅仅通过意识即可保持这种控制的错 觉”。
严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活 动报批 制度等 相关规 章制度 。做到 及时发 现、制 止、汇 报并处 理各类 违纪行 为或突 发事件 。
分句处理二
question “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?” 紧跟在question后的问句事实上是question的同位语从句。
分句处理一 ① while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone While: 引导让步状语从句,可以译为“尽管……”。 sustain: 表示“维持,保持” the illusion of control : 表示“控制的错觉” through : “通过,凭借”状语部分前置,以符合汉语表达习惯。

1考研英语翻译真题精练精讲

1考研英语翻译真题精练精讲

2001年考研英语翻译真题精练精讲一、全真试卷In less than30years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments,allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.(71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.(72)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell-television,and digital age will have arrived.According to BT s futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1000years),when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.(73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds or key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine,including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system,computers could pick up what we feel and,hopefully,simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments,rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”, he says.(74)But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:”It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human befo re the end of the next century.”Through his research,Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However,there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available,or when human cloning will be perfected,or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will,for example,cause problems in2010,while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.(75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.二、翻译题解(71)Therewill betelevision chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitorsthatwill disablethem when they offend.句子拆分:拆分点参考:分词,标点符号,连词There will be television chat shows// hosted by robots//, and cars with pollution monitors// that will disable them// when they offend.解读:1)主干结构是带双主语的存在句:There will be television chat shows..., and cars...2)两个主语都带有定语:第一个主语television chat shows的定语是过去分词短语hosted by robots,第二个主语cars的定语是介词短语with pollution monitors。

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译(1)

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译(1)

You need to help them indentify you as a prospective “key player〞.你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。

Trait 1: The selfless collaborator特征1:无私的合作者John Fetzer, career consultant and chemist, first suggested this trait,职业参谋和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。

which has already been written about a great deal.It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry.它之所以值得被反复谈及,是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差异。

“It's teamwork,〞says Fetzer.“这里需要合作,〞费策尔说,“The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive.“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out.所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。

You just can't succeed in an industry environment without this mindset.〞在企业环境中,没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。

〞Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。

翻译第一讲 考研

翻译第一讲 考研
大街上阳光灿烂。一群穿着假日服装的孩子 正在街上玩球。
4、This was the period when Einstein began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.
2006 说明文 知识分子定义 (定语从句、否定结构)
2007 说明文 法律学习推广 (名词从句、被动语态)
2008 议论文 对达尔文介绍 (定语从句、并列结构)
2009 议论文 正规教育启示 (状语从句、倒装结构)
2010 议论文 物种保护价值 (名词从句、定语从句)
阅卷采分点=句子结构切分点
1、微观:一个句子2——4个采分点。 ①、2个采分点每个1分。 ②、3个采分点其中1个1分,另外2个0.5。 ③、4个采分点每个0.5。 2、宏观:整句话意思是否通顺,是否扭曲
原文。 3、是否符合汉语习惯。
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
Time was \ when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence \ that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physical weak, or \ that they prey only on “worthless” species.(2010.48)

(完整版)lesson1-研究生英语阅读教程(提高级_第三版)原文及翻译

(完整版)lesson1-研究生英语阅读教程(提高级_第三版)原文及翻译

Spillonomics: Underestimating Risk漏油经济:低估风险David LeonhardtPublished: June 1, 2010[1] In retrospect, the pattern seems clear。

Years before the Deepwater Horizon [həˈraɪzn] rig[rɪɡ]blew, BP was developing a reputation as an oil company that took safety risks to save money。

An explosion at a Texas [ˈtɛksəs]refinery [rɪˈfaɪnəri] killed 15 workers in 2005, and federal regulators and a panel led by James A。

Baker III, the former secretary of state, said that cost cutting was partly to blame. The next year, a corroded [kəˈrəʊd] pipeline in Alaska poured oil into Prudhoe Bay,upbraided[ʌpˈbreɪd] BP managers for their “seeming indifference to safety and environmental issues. [’ɪʃju:z]"[1] 回想起来,模式似乎很清楚。

早在“深水地平线”钻机自爆前的很多年,BP石油公司为了省钱甘冒安全的风险就已经声名狼藉。

2005年得克萨斯州炼油厂爆炸中有15名工人丧生。

联邦监管机构和前国务卿詹姆斯·贝克三世领导的专门小组认为,削减成本是事故的部分原因。

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精英考研——英语翻译讲座
4) 根据不同学科或专业类型辨别词义 (1) The lathe should be set on a firm base. 车床应安装在坚实的底座上。 (机械) (2) As we all know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt. 众所周知,碱与酸反应生成盐。 (化学) (3) A transistor has three electrodes, the emitter, the base and the collector. 晶体管有三个电极,即发射极,基极和集电极。(电子)
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 练习 一、根据词语搭配辨析词义。以常见的形容词good为例: 1. good saying • 名言 • 2. good boy • 乖孩子 3. good child • 孝子 • 4. good contract • 有效的合同 • 5. good debt • 有把握收回的债 • 6. good eggs • 新鲜的鸡蛋
4)交织对应。这类情况在英汉翻译中时有发 生,也即是一组词义相近的词,根据不同 的上下文,可以译作对应词语中的任何一 个,如英语中的say, speak, talk, tell与汉语 的“说、讲、谈、诉”之间的关系:
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
5)无对等词语。翻译中的这种情况极少,偶 有发生,一般用解释或音译的方式来解决 英汉之间的对应关系。 teenager: 十三至十九岁的青少年 (解释) prey: 被捕食的动物(解释) hacker黑客
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
(4) Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC. AB线是三角形ABC的底边。(数学) (5) The weary troops marched back to the base. 疲惫不堪的士兵列队返回基地。(军事) (6) He is on the second base. 他在二垒。(体育)
• 13. good investment • 可靠的投资 . good joke • 有趣的笑话 • 15. good looks • 美貌 16. good luck • 鸿运 • 17. good manners • 得体的举止 18. good match • 佳偶、劲敌
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• • • • • • • • • • •
二、根据上下文翻译develop一词: 1 His plane developed engine trouble only seven miles after takeoff. (发生故障) 2 Modern aircraft are so heavy that the wings must develop a very large lift force in order to sustain the aircraft. (产生升力) 3 Inspired by these ideas, in 1752 Franklin developed a practical lightning rod. (发明避雷针) 4 A hypothesis is a specific statement developed by a scientist from observations. (得出论断) 5 Until the domain theory of magnetism was developed, they did not have much success. (提出理论)
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
再如story一词的翻译: (1) This war is becoming the most important story of this generation. 这场战争行将成为这一代人的最重大的事件。 (2) It is quite another story now. 现在的情况完全不同了。 (3) Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story. 有些没让参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。 (4) He‘ll be very happy if that story holds up. 如果这一说法当真,那他就太高兴了。
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
3)一词多义。这种情况在英汉翻译中最为普 遍,也即是同一个词语有若干词义不同的 对应词,如: cousin: 堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表 弟、表姐、表妹、卿…... carry: 搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、担、抬、背、 扛、搂、抱、端、举、夹、捧…..
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
2.词义辨析 1) 根据构词法辨别词义 我们可以根据词的前后缀,词根、词干来辨析词义;如: miniultrasonicprober = mini (微型的)+ ultra(超) +sonic (声音的) +prober(探测器);即:微型超声波金属探伤仪 macrospacetransship = macro(巨型的)+ space (太空)+ trans (转运)+ ship (船); 即: 巨型空间转运飞船 pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis = pneumono (肺的) +ultra (超) + micro (微) + scopic- (观察仪器的) + silico (硅的)+ volcano(火山的)+ coni- (尘埃) + osis (病症);即:硅酸盐沉着病, 矽肺病(一种矿工易染的病)
• 19. good mother • 良母 20. good neighbor • 睦邻 • 21. good reason • 充足的理由 22. good soil • 肥沃的土地 • 23. good teacher • 良师 • 24. good wife • 贤妻
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
(5) The girl’s story is one of the saddest. 那个姑娘的遭遇算最惨的了。 (6) A young man came to Scotti’s office with a story. 一个年轻人来到斯科特的办公室报案。 (7) …, but officials refused to confirm the story. 但官员们拒绝证实这条消息。 (8) The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the American TV. 报道中对他的渲染减少了,不久就从美国电视上销声匿迹了。
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• • • •
7. good eyesight 正常的视力 8. good father 慈父 9. good features • 漂亮的相貌 • 10. good friend • 挚友 • 11. good friend • 益友 12. good idea 妙计
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
第一讲 英译汉概述
要求: 硕士生入学时应达到的英语水平标准,有关翻译部 分的规定是“能将一般难度的英语短文译成汉语,理解基 本正确,译文达意”。 题型:最近几年的考研翻译部分是给出一篇400多个词的英 语文章,要求考生在仔细阅读整篇文章并理解文章的基本 意义的基础上,准确地按照上下文的提示和意义(即一定 的语境)将划线部分(一般是五个句子)翻译成汉语。体 裁大多是议论文,其中相当一部分的内容是有关科学常识 的。 翻译的标准: “忠实”和“通顺”是两项最基本的要求
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
3) 根据上下文的语境或词的搭配辨别词义 语境分析是翻译的重要手段,没有一定的上下文,翻译就 无从着手。如下面一例: Tension is building up. 根据不同上下文的具体情况,我们可分别将其译作: (1) 形势紧张起来。 (2) 张力在增大。 (3) 电压在增加。 (4) 压力在增强。 (5) 血压在增高。 (6) ……......
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
• 6 To develop the capabilities of the geophysical prospecting, the renewal of the techniques and equipment is the first thing to be considered. • (提高能力) • 7 Most of the money came from selling the secret of a new type of potato he had developed. • (培育新品种) • 8 As young Goddard grew into manhood, he developed tuberculosis. • (患上结核病) • 9 We must develop all the natural substances in our country which can make us rich. • (开发资源) • 10 Several attempts have been made through the years to develop the deposit. • (开采矿床)
精英考研——英语翻译讲座
第二讲 遣词用字 恰如其分 1.英汉词字对应关系 1)词字对等。这种情况多见于专有名词, 技术词汇等,如: Marxism = 马克思主义 Aspirin = 阿斯匹林 激光 = laser 白血病 = leukemia
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