2016年北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研,英语翻译基础历年考研真题、考研大纲、考研参考书

北京外国语大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试题招生专业：翻译硕士（英语口、笔译）科目名称：英语翻译基础(考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）I.Translate the following terms into Chinese(15points,1point each):1.UNDP-2.OECD countries3.bailout loans4.EBITA5.venture capital6.telepresence7.carbon footprint8.forensic medicine9.key encryption technology10.United Arab Emirates11.extradition treaty12.seismic monitoring13.procrastination14.flip phone'15.Mack DaddyII.Translate the following terms into English(15points,1point each):1.大部制2.石油输出国组织3.生物圈4.涨停板5.浮动汇率6.计划免疫7.学生减负8.通识教育9.B超10.自媒体11.土地承载能力12.小产权房13.土豪14.胶原蛋白15.经济适用男III.Translate the following passages into Chinese(60points)1.Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-technical potential,sucha capacity to generate wealth and well-being.Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always close with regard to distances and communications have not been capable of bringing well-being for everybody,but only for a meager15%living in the countries of the North.The abysm between North and South is now so huge,that the unsustainability of the current economic order and the blindness of the people who try to justify continuing to enjoy opulence and waste, are evident.The great possibilities that a globalization of solidarity and true cooperation could bring to all people in the world through the scientific-technical wonders,have been reduced by the neo-liberal model to this grotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice.We were asked to be ultraliberal in trade and to lift any barrier, which may obstruct the imports coming from the North,but the oral champions of free trade actually are the champions in the praxis of protectionism.The North spends one billion dollars a day in practicing what has been banned from doing,that is, subsidizing inefficient products.Today,vis-a-vis the obvious failure of neoliberalism and the great threat that the International Economic Order represents for the South,it is necessary to retake the Spirit of the South by forming an alliance among ourselves.2.After months of speculation,the final22,000-character overview of China’s“third plenum”was published on November15th.In the economic sphere the document turned out to be bolder than the initial summary suggested,but the document’s interest lies not just in the economic reforms,which were anticipated.More striking were some of the social changes the document announced,such as the relaxation of the one-child policy.A couple in which one parent is an only child will be allowed to have two children,and the policy is likely to be loosened even further.In another widely welcomed move,labour camps are to be abolished.But possibly the most important announcements were buried deep in the document and grabbed fewer headlines.Two moves in particular,namely allowing the development of“social organisations”or NGOs in essence and the separation of judicial jurisdiction systems from administrative areas,showed that the party is sensitive to the ferment in Chinese society and the demands for greater liberty and accountability that accompany it.That these two gestures towards reform were mentioned at all is encouraging,and the world is keen to know*whether Chinese leadership will honor their words in the plenary document that they u dare to gnaw through even tough bones,dare to ford dangerous rapids,break through the fetters of ideological concepts with even greater resolution.1.近年来，海淀区围绕高新技术产业的技术创新和公共科技服务需求，加速各种创新要素的聚集，不断完善科技服务业，基本形成了研发设计、成果转移转化、创新创业、科技金融和科技咨询等科技服务业的完整链条，有效的促进了科技成果的转化和产业化。

主要概括为“五化”。

一、发挥科技资源密集的优势，以企业为主体，以市场为导向，政产学研协同创新；二、鼓励和引导高校和科研院所通过技术转移中心和产业技术研究院的平台开展科技成果转化；三、培育和支持高新技术产业创新、创业服务新业态的发展，推动投资主体多元化、运行机制多样化的孵化器建设；四、进一步推动设立科技金融专营机构，集中力量聚焦战略性为轻资产的软件和信息服务等科技型企业提供全链条的金融支持；五、鼓励知新兴产业领域；I R产权代理机构、信息咨询公司、会计事务所、法律事务所、投资和管理咨询等专业服务机构为科技型企业提供支持，推动其创新发展。

2.中华的宇宙观“天人合一”见诸于文学是“物我交融”，主要理法是“比兴”。

见诸于绘画是“贵在似与不似之间”，主要理法是“外师造化，内得心源”。

在诗画历史影响下的中国园林，追求的境界就必然是“虽由人作，宛自天开。

”主要理法是由“比兴”衍生的“借景”。

设计序列为明旨一立意一相地一布局一理微一余韵。

在“人与天调”前提下肯定人的主观能动性，“人杰地灵”、“景物因人成胜概”。

凡风景必名胜是中国风景名胜区的特色。

MTI短语翻译：AMIS声讯交互规范(Audio Message Interactive Specification)BHD黑鹰坠落(Black Hawk Down)CBRC中国银监会DPOB（date and place of birth）出生时间和地点MTN多边贸易谈判MSP(Managing Successful Programme)成功的项目群管理SAC中国证券业协会（THE SECURITIES ASSOCIATION OF CHINA）debenture债券balance sheet资产负债表tax agent税务代理人international arbitration国际仲裁gross weight毛重或总重generalized system of preference普惠制fixed cost固定成本stock listings股票上市random access随机存取profit before tax税前利润按揭Mortgage薄利多销SPQR small profits,quick returns补贴subsidy动产抵押（Chattel Mortgage）进口报关单declaration for importation房地产（Real Estate）分包合同subcontract股息dividend国民待遇national treatment市场调查market researchAcademy award奥斯卡金像奖animated movie动画片avant-garde先锋派，先锋Byzantium拜占庭（古罗马城市，今称伊斯坦布尔）Bermuda Triangle百慕达神秘三角Consumerism消费者保护主义East End东伦敦，伦敦东区Broadway百老汇未来主义futurism头版新闻headline香格里拉ShangriLa碳酸饮料sodas特洛伊木马Trojan horse垃圾文化junk culture中古英语Middle English《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》Guinness World Records荒诞派戏剧absurd theatre手稿manuscript红楼梦A Dream of Red Mansion寿桃birthday peaches/longevity peaches春卷spring roll国有企业State Owned Enterprise国库券treasury bill国家外汇储蓄foreign exchange reserve综合国力comprehensive national strength/power温带大陆性气候temperate continental climate科幻片science fiction movie污水处理sewage treatment海峡两岸关系Cross Strait relationsactivated carbon活性碳Blu-ray disc蓝光光盘government procurement政府采购业务deposit reserve ratio存款准备金率TPP泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership)magnetic resonance imaging[电子][临床]磁共振成象carbon credit碳信用额lending rate贷款利率；[金融]放款利率total fertility rate合计出生率；总生育率辛亥革命the Revolution of1911蚁族ant tribe限购令京海高速铁路rapid transit railway经济适用房economically affordable houses挖墙脚undermine the foundation of sth贪多嚼不烂bite off more than one can chew Patriotic missile爱国者导弹the Falungong cult法轮功邪教the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere大东亚共荣圈legal code法律条款Hypertext超文本mortgage/secured loan按揭贷款；抵押借款historical materialism历史唯物主义Buddhist scriptures佛经澳门特别行政区基本法Macao Special Administrative Region Basic Law八国联军The Eight-power Allied Forces半封建社会semi-feudal society春运transport during the Spring Festival核反应堆事故reactor disaster思想道德修养Cultivation of Ethic Thought/Morals and Ethics大病统筹comprehensive arrangement for serious disease/social pooling for catastrophic disease 豆腐渣工程jerry-build project暴力犯罪Violent Crime文化产业culture industry产业结构失调the maladjustment of industry structures文化主旋律cultural main theme历史文物historical relics繁文缛节red tape/unnecessary and overelaborate formalities继往开来continue with the past and open up the future/carry forward our cause into the future extensive development粗放增长nanotechnology纳米技术lose one's shirt丧失全部财产pull one's leg同…开玩笑all-in-one ticketpaternity test亲权认定；父权检验opinion poll民意测验；选举投票粮食安全food security产业结构调整adjustment of industrial structure学分制the credit system金砖5国BRIIC政治体制改革political restructuring节能减排Energy saving and emission reduction换届选举General Election自主研发self-research and development循环经济circular economy/recycle economy高素质人才High Quality Talent洗钱money laundering媒体炒作media hype各界人士personages of all circlesApplied translation studies应用翻译研究Back translation回译/还原翻译Bilateral interpreting双边口译Communicative translation交际翻译Stylistic translation文体翻译论Contextual consistency上下文语境Corpora语料库Covert translation隐性翻译Domesticating translation归化翻译Foreignizing translation异化翻译Free translation意译Literal translation直译Pragmatic translation语用翻译Source text源文本Abstract translationLoan translation直译语；借译Under-translation欠额翻译列车时刻表train schedule;timetable环形路线path of circulation换乘站commuter station;transfer station铁路网railway networkTOEFL托福考试（Test of English as a Foreign Language）the voice of people is the voice of god人民之声即为上帝之声diplomatic etiquette外交礼节summer resort避暑地；避暑圣地software developer软件工程师同学会fellow-students association;Class reunion自助者天助God helps those who help themselves经济一体化economic integration小康社会Well-off Society;moderately prosperous society带薪假期paid holiday项目经理Project Manager借用Borrowing可比语料库comparable corpora文化置换Cultural Transposition；Cultural Displacement自然语言natural language语法分析syntax analysis;syntactic analysis中间语言intermediate language;interlanguage隐形Invisibility术语库TDB Terminology Database视译Sight Interpretation配字幕caption冗余excessiveness;redundanceAFP法新社（Agence France Presse）FAO联合国粮食与农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization）SME中小企业（small medium enterprise）UNGA联合国大会（the United Nations General Assembly）PBOC中国人民银行（People's Bank of China）UPU万国邮政联盟（Universal Postal Union）national city bank of new york花旗银行force majeure[保险]不可抗力taewondo跆拳道state-of-the-art最先进的；已经发展的；达到最高水准的Cathay Pacific国泰航空公司Mahatma Gandhi圣雄甘地Bretton Woods System布雷顿森林体系plurality rule简单多数原则先发制人战略preemptive strategy；emptie strategy民进党Democratic Progressive Party “一站式”办公one stop service公益文化事业public cultural undertakings生态足迹ecological footprint贴现率discount rate海水淡化desalination of sea water安居工程Comfortable Housing Project西电东送transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region古兰经the Koran习惯法common law;皮影戏shadow play鱼和熊掌不可兼得You can`t have your cake and eat it官场现形记Exposure of the Official WorldHuman Genome Project人类基因组计划Cloud Computing云计算party animal派对动物;舞会狂人crowdsourcing众包;群众外包收视率audience rating;Television rating载人空间站manned space station大学城college town;University City试婚trial marriageah hoc特别的；临时的；特设的socrates数据库管理系统worst-case scenario最差情况 a.d.a在指定日期后；公元Ponzi scheme庞氏骗局（指骗人向虚设的企业投资，以后来投资者的钱作为快速盈利付给最初投资者以诱使更多人上当）consumer defectionprenupial agreement拳头产品hit product;knock-out product不良资产NPL(non-performing loan)国家发改委NDRC(National Development and Reform Committee)可持续发展sustainable development和谐社会harmonious society追尾rear-end;tailgate美国证券交易委员会U.S.Securities and Exchange Commission大规模停电Widespread Blackout户籍改革制度household registration reforming system调整产业结构adjust the industrial structure《论语》The Analects of Confucius旋律与歌词Melody and lyricAusterity Measures[财政]紧缩措施APEC亚太经贸合作组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation）the US Senate参议院Arab Spring阿拉伯春天Gary Locye十二五规划The12th Five-Year Plan第十七届六中全会全国人民代表大会NPC(National People's Congress)珠江三角洲PRD(Pearl River Delta)西气东输transport the natural gas from the West to the East新华社the Xinhua News Agency北京共识Beijing Consensus上海合作组织SCO(Shanghai Cooperation Organization)中美战略经济对话US-China Strategic Economic DialogueC.I.F到岸价格；成本、保险加运费（cost，insurance，and freight）NNP国民净产值（Net National Production）R.URugby Union(英国)橄榄球联合会ZPG人口零增长（Zero Population Growth）IQ智力商数（intelligence quotient）DOF自由度（Degree of Freedom）house bill[金融]总公司汇票；内部汇票customhouse broker海关代理人date of expiration失效日期，限期，截止日期单价UNIT PRICE船上交货free on board(FOB)承运人carrier;shipper花旗银行Citibank;National city Bank of New York输出港delivery port;outport出口价格指数export price indexbill of exchange[金融]汇票knockout product拳头产品OPEC石油输出国家组织（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries）经适房economically affordable housing人文交流cultural and educational exchanges廉租房low-rent housing;tenement house载人航天manned space flight法人juridical person;corporation;artificial person违法征地拆迁illegal land requisition and demolishingP&G美国宝洁公司（Procter&Gamble）hologram全息图；全息摄影，全息照相Budweiser百威啤酒Al Jazeera Network半岛电视台中央党校Party School of the CPC Central Committee九三学社Jiusan Society卫生部ministry of health中组部the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPC国家体育运动委员会State Physical Culture and Sports Commission最高人民法院the Supreme People's Court中国工商银行ICBC(Industrial and Commercial Bank of China)体委Physical Culture and Sports Commission翻译标准Criteria of translation体裁genres;types or forms of literature回教Mohammedanism;Islam祠堂ancestral hall;Shrine端午节Dragon Boat Festival第三产业tertiary industry;service sector['tə:ʃəri]Arab spring阿拉伯春天；阿拉伯春IDD国际直拨长途电话（International Direct Dial）CCP中国共产党（Chinese Communist Party）CAAC中国民航（Civil Aviation Administration of China）NIC网络信息中心（Network Information Center）;全国工业理事会（National Industrial Council）UNESCO联合国教科文组织ILO国际劳工组织（International Labor Organization）；IMF International Monetary Fund(联合国)国际货币基金组织GSM全球移动通信系统（Global System for Mobile Communications）UPU万国邮政联盟（Universal Postal Union）Notary office公证处；公证机关Reciprocal Tariff互惠税率Venture Capitalist风险资本家Revolving Fund循环基金；周转金备用资金reserve fund本土化localization蹦极Bungee Jumping保证金earnest money;cash deposit被动吸烟passive smoking比基尼bikini闭路电视closed circuit television边缘科学boundary science;peripheral science贬值devaluation便携式电脑portable computer便衣警察plain-clothes man包装业package industry兵马俑Terra-Cotta Warriors;soldier and horse figures保监会China Insurance Regulatory Commission步行天桥pedestrian overpassEU欧盟（European Union）APEC亚太经贸合作组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation）YOG也门石油公司ISBN国际标准图书编号（International Standard Book Number）sovereign credit rating主权信用评等；主权信用评级webcasting网路广播no smoke without fire无风不起浪look for a needle in a haystack大海捞针不可再生资源non-renewable resources泡沫经济bubble economy通货紧缩deflation财政赤字financial deficit参政议政participate in the administration and discussion of state affairs人才流失the brain drain扶贫help[aid]the poor春蕾计划Spring Buds Program按揭贷款mortgage loan网民netizen(net citizen)ASEAN东南亚国家联盟（东盟）（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）NMD国家导弹防御系统（National Missile Defense）COO首席运营官（Chief Operating Officer）GNP国民生产总值（gross national product）DNS域名服务器（Domain Name Server）BBS电子布告栏（Bulletin Board System）IOC国际奥林匹克委员会（International Olympic Committee）video on demand视频点播telegraphic transfer[金融]电汇marginal revenue[会计]边际收入，边际收益corporate image企业形象；公司形象customs declaration[贸易]报关单；[税收]申报关税Organization of American States美洲国家组织局域网LAN local area network和谐共赢all-win harmony三下乡"a program under which officials,doctors,scientist and college students go to the countryside to spread scientific and literacy knowledge and offer medical service to farmers"“五个一”工程Five"one-good-work"project到…挂职take a temporary post(in order to temper oneself);serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit主任科员Principal Staff Member解决民生问题improve people's well-being自主创新self-dependent innovation基层民主democracy at the grassroots level全方位外交multifaceted diplomacy;all-directional diplomacy沿江沿边areas along the Yangtze River and the borders生态文明ecological civilization主要功能区main functional areas现场服务field service依法行政administration according to the lawseckill秒杀chinadonisia中国、印度、印度尼西亚broken society道德沦丧的社会PIIGS欧猪五国game theory博弈论ghost estate鬼宅指的是因经济衰退而停工的未建成的住宅区。