离心泵设计外文翻译
离心泵外文翻译
JIANGSU UNIVERSITY本科毕业设计离心泵外文翻译学院名称：能动学院专业班级：动力流体0903 学生姓名：刘敏杰学号：3090201087指导教师：袁丹青、丛小青实用课程涡轮机械离心泵特性的测量杜伊斯堡-埃森大学工学院机械工程系涡轮机械Prof. Dr.-Ing. F.-K. Benra目录1离心泵概述1.1离心泵的应用领域及范围……………………………………………………………………………………1.2离心泵叶轮及水力设计2理论基础2.1叶轮的速度情况2.2流体在叶轮中被压缩2.3扬程的确定2.3.1有限叶片数的影响2.3.2叶片出口安放角2.4损失与效率2.5性能表现2.5.1离心泵性能特性2.5.2相似准则2.5.3离心泵的工况点2.5.4离心泵及其设备3离心泵的测试与调节3.1一种离心泵3.2离心泵的驱动设备3.3离心泵设备的启动3.4变量的测量3.4.1流动测量3.4.2压力的测量3.4.3转矩、转速等的测量4调试方法以及评价4.1阀门特性曲线4.2转速特性曲线4.3评估与总结文中对应符号下标及含义参考文献1.离心泵概述1.1离心式泵的应用范围1.2叶轮形式及水力设计1离心泵概述1.1离心泵的应用范围第一种离心式水泵已经在1689年由法国物理学家丹尼斯-帕潘。
自那时以来，离心泵进入各行各业，尤其是径向流类型的泵被大量应用在建筑行业的液体输送上。
除了水，其他类型的水也可以作为输送介质，特别是石油，但除此之外，腐蚀性液体或固液混合物也可以利用离1.2叶轮形式与水力设计尽管离心泵应用在各种行业内，其种类与形式很多，但是大致可以用H,V图来进行归纳（图1-2）.根据流量，扬程，转速，叶轮形式，用以达到最高效率。
参考特殊形式的转速，根据不同的应用领域，叶轮的形式各不相同（图1-3）.1.低比转速（n=10-30）:带有简单弯曲叶片的径向式叶轮。
低流量，高扬程。
2.中比转速（n=30-50）：叶轮径向流出，双曲面叶片设计，中流量，中扬程。
化工工业离心泵-外文文献
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY Abstract : A centrifugal pump converts the input power to kinetic energy in the liquid by accelerating the liquid by a revolving device - an impeller. The most common type is the volute pump. Fluid enters thepump through the eye of the impeller which rotates at high speed. The fluid is accelerated radially outwardfrom the pump chasing. A vacuum is created at the impellers eye that continuously draws more fluid into the pump . This article stresses on a series of centrifugal pumps，From a brief introduction to the principles.Keywords: centrifugal pump ,Introduction ,Working principle , Cavitation ，Mechanism of Cavitation ，Solution and Remedies1. IntroductionPump ,device used to raise ,transfer ,or compress liquids and gases .Four general classes of pumps for liquids are described below .In all of them ,steps are taken to prevent cavitation (the formation of a vacuum) ,which would reduce the flow and damage the structure of the pump .Pumps used for gases and vapors are usually known as compressors .The study of fluids in motion is called fluid dynamics.Water pump ,device for moving water from one location to another ,using tubes or othermachinery .Water pumps operate under pressures ranging from a fraction of a pound to more than 10,000 pounds per square inch .Everyday examples of water pumps range from small electric pumps that circulate and aerate water in aquariums and fountains to sump pumps that remove water from beneath the foundations of homes .One type of modern pumps used to move water is the centrifugal pump .Early version of the centrifugal pump ,the screw pump ,consists of a corkscrew-shaped mechanism in a pipe that ,when rotated ,pulls water upward .Screw pumps are often used in waste-water treatment plants because they can move large amounts of water without becoming clogged with debris .In the ancient Middle East the need for irrigation of farmland was a strong inducement to develop a water pump .Early pumps in this region were simple devices for lifting buckets of water from a source to a container or a trench .Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes is thought to have devised the first screw pump in the third century BC .Later Greek inventor Ctesibius develop the first lift pump .During the late 17th and early 18th Centuries AD ,British engineer Thomas Savery ,French physicist Denis Papin ,And British blacksmith and inventor Thomas Newcomen contributed to the development of a water pump that used steam to power the pump’ piston .The steam-powered water pump’s first wide use was in pumping water out of mines .Modern-day examples of centrifugal pumps are those used at the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River .This pump system has the potential to irrigate over one million acres of land .Also known as rotary pumps ,centrifugal pumps have a rotating impeller ,also known as a blade ,that is immersed in the liquid .Liquid enters the pump near the axis of the impeller ,and the rotating impeller sweeps the liquid out toward the ends of the impeller blades at high pressure .The impeller also gives the liquid a relatively high velocity that can be converted into pressure in a stationary part of the pump ,known as the diffuser .In high-pressure pumps ,a number of impeller may be used in series ,and the diffusers following each impeller may contain guide vanes to gradually reduce the liquid velocity .For lower-pressure pumps ,the diffuser is generally a spiral passage ,known as a volute ,with its cross-sectional area increasing gradually to reduce the velocity efficiently .The impeller must be primed before it can begin operation ,that is ,the impeller must be surrounded by liquid when the pump is started .This can be done by placing a check valve in the suction line ,which holds the liquid in the pump when the impeller is not rotating .If this valve leaks ,the pump may need to be primed by the introduction of liquid from an outside source such as the discharge reservoir .A centrifugal pump generally has a valve in the discharge line to control the flow andpressure .For low flows and high pressures ,the action of the impeller is largely radial .For higher flows and lower discharge pressure ,the direction of the flow within the pump is more nearly parallel to the axis of the shaft ,and the pump is said to have an axial flow .The impeller in this case acts as a propeller .The transition from one set of floe conditions to the other is gradual ,and for intermediate condition , the device is called a mixed-flow pump .2.The Centrifugal PumpThe centrifugal pump is by far the most widely used type in the chemical and petroleum industries .It will pump liquids with very wide ranging properties and suspensions with a high solids contentincluding ,for example ,cement slurries ,and may be constructed from a very wide rang of corrosion resistant materials .The whole pump casing may be constructed from plastic such as polypropylene or it may be fitted with a corrosion-resistant lining .Because it operates at high speed ,it may be directly coupled to an electric motor and it will give a high flow rate for its size .In this type of pump ,the fluid is fed to the centre of a rotating impeller and is thrown outward by centrifugal action .As a result of the high speed of rotation the liquid acquires a high kinetic energy and the pressure difference between the suction and delivery sides arises from the conversion of kinetic energy into pressure energy .The impeller consists of a series of curved vanes so shaped that the flow within the pump is as smooth as possible .The greater the number of vanes on the impeller ,the greater is the control over the direction of the liquid and hence the smaller are the losses due to turbulence and circulation between the vanes .In the open impeller ,the vanes are fixed to a central hub ,whereas in the closed type the vanes are held between two supporting plates and leakage across the impeller is reduced .As will be seen later ,the angle of the tips of the blades very largely determines the operating characteristics of the pump .The liquid enters the casing of the pump，normally in an axial direction，and is picked up by the vanes of the impeller．In the simple type of centrifugal pump，the liquid discharges into a volute，a chamber of gradually increasing cross—section with a tangential outlet．A volute type of pump is shown in Fig.(a)．In the turbine pump[-Fig．(b)]the liquid flows from the moving vanes of the impeller through a series of fixed vanes forming a diffusion ring．This gives a more gradual change in direction to the fluid and more efficient conversion of kinetic energy into pressure energy than is obtained with the volute type．The angle of the leading edge of the fixed vanes should be such that the fluid is received without shock．The liquids flows along the surface of the impeller vane with a certain velocity whilst the tip of the vane is moving relative to the casing of the pump．The direction of motion of the liquid relative to the pump casing--and the required angle of the fixed vanes—is found by compounding these two velocities．In Fig．c，c.is the velocity of the liquid relative to the vane and is the tangential velocity of the tip of the vane ；vu t u compounding these two velocities gives the resultant velocity of the liquid ．It is apparent ，therefore ，2u that the required vane angle in the diffuser is dependent on the throughput ，the speed of rotation ，and the angle of the impeller blades ．The pump will therefore operate at maximum efficiency only over a narrow range of conditions ．Virtual head of a centrifugal pumpThe maximum pressure is developed when the whole of the excess kinetic energy of the fluid isconverted into pressure energy. As indicated below ．the head is proportional to the square of the radius and to the speed ，and is of the order of 60m for a single—stage centrifugal pump ；for higher pressures ，multistage pumps must be used ．Consider the liquid which is rotating at a distance of between r and r+dr from the centre of the pump(Fig ．d)．dThe mass of this element of fluid dm is given by 2πrdrdρ，where ρ is the density of the fluid and 6 is the width of the element of fluid 。
GB7021—86标准离心泵名词术语
GB 702 1 — 86 标准离心泵名词术语离心泵是利用叶轮旋转而使水发生离心运动来工作的。
水泵在启动前，必须使泵壳和吸水管内充满水，然后启动电机，使泵轴带动叶轮和水做高速旋转运动，水发生离心运动，被甩向叶轮外缘，经蜗形泵壳的流道流入水泵的压水管路。
1、离心泵名词术语：分类2、离心泵名词术语：性能、设计3、离心泵名词术语：运转、试验4、离心泵名词术语：零件、部位5、离心泵名词术语：水力6、离心泵名词术语：附加说明1、分类本章节描述离心泵名词术语的分类。
1.1 (回转）动力式泵rotodynamic pump依靠叶轮旋转，将能量传给液体的机械称为回转动力式栗，简称动力式泵。
如离心栗、混流泵和轴流栗等。
1.1.1 离心栗centrifugal pump叶轮排出的液流基本上在与泵轴垂直的面内流动的动力式泵。
1.1.2 旋涡栗regenerative pump (vortex pump)叶轮为外缘部分带有许多小叶片的整体轮盘，液体在叶片和泵体流道中反复作旋涡运动（见图1、2 )1.1.3 蜗壳栗volute pump叶轮排出的液体直接进入蜗状壳体的泵（见图3、4、5)。
1.1.4 导叶杲diffuser pump叶轮排出的液体直接进入导叶形扩散器的栗（即使扩散器外侧有蜗形体的也称为导叶泵）（见图6 )1.2按泵轴方向分为：1.2.1 卧式horizontal 泵轴为水平方向的结构。
1.2.2 立式vertical 泵轴为铅直方向的结构。
1.2.3 斜式inclined泵轴与水平面具有倾斜角度的结构。
1.3按壳体剖分型式分为：1.3.1 径向剖分式radially split type以垂直于泵轴的平面剖分壳体的结构（见图1、2、6)。
1.3.1.1 节段式sectional type径向剖分式的一种，其中每一级都具有剖分面（见图2、6)。
1.3.1.2 侧盖式side cover type径向剖分式的一种，壳体一侧或两侧具有栗盖（见图5)。
(参考)水泵及零部件英文对照表
水泵以及零部件英对照表:1,泵pump 泵房pump house 泵盖casing cover泵体pump body 泵体衬套pump body insert泵托架pump bracket 泵支架pump bearing lantern泵轴承支架pump bearing bracket 增压泵boosting pump 泵装置pumping machine 泵组integral pump group泵座pump frame 辅助泵auxiliary pump离心泵centrifugal pump 中开泵axially split pump长轴深井泵borehole shaft driven(centrifugal) pump锅炉给水泵BFW 潜水深井泵borehole submerged pump中段stage casing 轴流泵axial flow pump屏蔽泵canned motor pump 清水泵clean water pump法兰悬臂泵flange mounted pump 隔膜泵diaphragm pump 轴shaft 频率特性frequency characteristic三相交流电three-phase AC 介质medium 键spline异步电动机asynchronous motor 阀门valve 键spline滚动轴承rolling bearing 滑动轴承sliding bearing弹簧spring 联轴器coupling 磨损wear挡板orifice plate 电动机electromotor标准件standard component技术要求technical requirements 垫圈washer 垫圈washer 砂轮grinding wheel定子stator 转子rotor 下轴套Lower shaft sleeve进口Inlet 填料函寸套Stuffing box bushing密封腔Seal cage 压盖螺栓Gland bolt 压盖Gland填料Packing 出口Discharge 平衡盘Balance disc紧定螺钉Cock screw 接线盒Terminal box排气阀Vent valve 机架pump support 泵壳casing汽蚀余量net positive suction head （NPSH）机械密封mechanical seal 轴承盖bearing cap软填料soft packing电流electricity 电压voltage 电源source控制柜control cabinet 电缆cable 频率frequency水泵流量pump capacity水泵性能参数pump performance parameter水泵扬程pump head 水泵轴功率pump－shaft power水泵有效功率active power of pump水泵配套功率rated power of motive-power machine matching the pump水泵效率pump efficiency 水泵转速pump（rotary）speed 汽蚀余量net positive suction head（NPSH）临界汽蚀余量critical NPSH 必需汽蚀余量necessary NPSH 比转数specific speed水泵性能（特性）曲线characteristic curve of pump水泵工况pump operating condition泵的使用范围Application Fields for Pumps泵的输出功率Pump Output 泵的基础Pump Foundation 泵的旋转方向Direction of Pump Rotation泵功率Pump Power 泵输入功率pump input power海水泵；sea water pump 立式泵vertical pump污水泵effluent pump 污水泵sewage pump消防泵fire（fighting）pump 叶片泵turbo pump油泵oil pump 轴流泵axial flow（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。
泵类英汉翻译
发一份泵类汉英对照表,请进入!汉语术语英文凹槽 groove饱和压力 Saturation Pressure保持环 retaining ring保护层的形成 Protective Layer Formation保护形式 Types of Protection保证 Guarantee背靠背叶轮泵 Back-to-back Impeller Pump背叶片 Back Vane泵 pump泵测试效率 pump test efficiency泵出力 pump delivery泵的基础 Pump Foundation泵的类型 Pump Types泵的排出口 Pump Discharge Nozzle泵的使用范围 Application Fields for Pumps泵的输出功率 Pump Output泵的旋转方向 Direction of Pump Rotation泵房 pump house(room)泵功率 Pump Power泵和输送装置噪音 Noises in Pumps and Pumping Installations 泵壳 Pump Casings泵内沉积物 Deposits in Pumps泵试验台 Pump Test Bed泵输出功率的降低 Reduction in Pump Output泵输入功率 pump input power泵体 pump casing泵吸入槽 Pump Sump泵吸入管吸上高度 pump lift泵吸入口 Pump Suction Nozzle泵效率 pump efficiency泵效率 Pump Efficiency泵芯包 pump cartridge泵性能曲线 pump performance curve泵站 pumping house泵轴 Pump Shaft比例泵 proportioning pump比输送功 Specific Delivery Work比转数 Specific Speed边界层 Boundary Layer变矩桨叶 Variable Pitch Blade标准泵 Standard Pump标准化工泵 Standard Chemical Pump标准孔板 Standard Orifice Plate标准喷嘴 Standard Nozzle标准温度 Standard Temperature标准文丘里管 Standard Venturi Nozzle标准压力 Standard Pressure标准状态 Standard Conditions表面保护 Surface Protection表压 Manometric Pressure并联运转 Parallel Operation伯努利方程 BERNOULLI Equation补偿器 Compensator补给水泵 make-up water pump部分负荷运转 Part-load Operation残油输出装置 Residual Pump-out Device槽 slot测量的不精确性 Uncertainty in Measurement 测量技术 Measuring Technique测量孔板 Measuring Orifice Plate测量偏差 Measuring Tolerance测量误差 Error of Measurement测量仪器 Measuring Device测试转速 test speed层流 Laminar Flow齿轮泵 gear pump齿轮传动泵 Geared Pump齿轮箱 Gearbox冲击冷凝 Shock Condensation冲击压力 Impact Pressure冲角 Angle of Incidence抽出体积 Extraction Volume抽气（吸）泵；真空泵 suction pump出口侧盖板（大端盖） discharge cover出口截面 Outlet Cross-section出口截面宽度 Outlet Width出口弯管 Outlet Elbow出口压力 discharge pressure初始汽蚀 Incipient Cavitation传输损失 tansmission loss传送器 Transmitter船头推进舵 Bow Thruster Rudder船坞泵 Dock Pump船用泵 Marine Pump大气压 Barometric Pressure大气压力 Atmospheric Pressure带式过滤器 Band Sereen单吸离心泵 single-suctoin centrifugal单相交流电 Single-phase Alternating Current单叶片叶轮 Single Vane Impeller导向叶片 Guide Vane导向装置 Guide Arrangement低温泵 Crygenic Pump低压泵 Low Pressure Pump底料泵 Sump Pump点蚀 Pitting电感应式流量测量 Inductive Flow Measurement电功率 Electric Power电化学腐蚀 Electrochemical Corrosion电机 Electric Motor电机电耗 Current Consumption of Electric Motors 电机温升 Temperature Rise in Electric Motors电机转矩曲线 Torque Curve of Electric Motors电解腐蚀 Electrolytic Corrosion电缆密封压盖 Cable Gland电力驱动 Electric Drive电流 current电路 Electrical Circuits电气开关设备 Electrical Switchgear电位序 Electrochemical Series电压 voltage电压降 Voltage Drop顶点 Apex定位螺栓 fitted bolt动力液流 Motive Water Flow动力粘度 Dynamic Viscosity动量矩定理 Theorem of Momentum动平衡 Dynamic Balancing动下室排水泵 Cellar Drainage Pump动压力 Dynamic Pressure对开的润滑油密封 split oil seal对轮 the coupling对轮防护罩 the coupling guard对轮螺栓 coupling nut多级泵 Multistage Pump多流式泵 Multiflow Pump恩氏粘度 Degrees Engler阀门和管件 Valves and Fittings法兰结构 Flange Construction反向流动 Reversal of Flow反应堆泵 Reactor Pump反转转速 Reverse Rotational Speed防爆 Explosion Protection防反转装置 Reverse Rotation Locking Device 防腐 Corrosion Protection防护装置 guard放射 Emission非堵塞式叶轮 Non-clogging Impeller非扰动管道长度 Undisturbed Length of Piping 非稳定流 Non-steady Flow非稳定扬程曲线 Unstable Throttling Curve费鲁德准数 FROUDE Number费用 Costs复算 Re-evaluation干式安装 Dry Installation干运转 Dry Running高度 Height高速离心泵 High Speed Centrifugal Pump高压泵 High Pressure Pump隔膜泵 diaphragm pump隔膜式计量泵 diaphragm type metering pump 给水泵 feed water pump给水泵 Feed Pump工业水泵 industrial water pump工作特征 Operating Characteristics公称尺寸 Nominal Size公称压力 Nominal Pressure功 work功率 power功率 power功率测量 power measurement功率调节 power control功率损失 power loss功率因数 power factor cosφ供水泵 Water Supply Pump固体颗粒的输送 Conveying of Solids过流翼型 Flow Profile过滤器 Filter海水 Sea Water海水泵 Sea Water Pump海水淡化装置 Sea Water Desalination Plant 海水箱 Sea Chest耗水量 Water Consumption合适的流量 corrected flowrate恒定油位油杯 Constant Level Oiler虹吸流动 Syphon Flow虹吸装置 Syphoning Installation化工泵 Chemical Pump化工稳定性表 Chemical Stability Table环境保护 Environmental Protection环形泵 Ring-section Pump环形壳 Annular casing回流导向叶片 Return Guide Vane回路试验 Loop Test混流叶轮 Mixed-flow Impeller活塞传送器 Piston Transmitter货船油泵 Cargo Oil Pump机械传动 Mechnical Drive机械密封 Mechanical Seal机械效率 Mechanical Efficiency基板 Baseplate基本方程 Fundation基础 Foundation基建投资 Capital Investment级 Stage级间导叶 interstage diffuser极数 Number of Poles继电器 Relay家用供水装置 Domestic Water Supply Plant间隙宽度 Clearance Gap Width间隙密封 Clearance Gap Seal间隙汽蚀 Clearance Gap Cavitation间隙压力 Clearance Gap Pressure监测装置 Monitoring Device键 key键槽 keyway交流电 Alternating Current角速度 Angular Velocity接触器 Contactor接通压力 Switching-on Pressure节流调节 throttling control节流系数 throttling coefficient进液室 Intake Chamber进液条件 Intake Conditions进液弯管 Intake Elbow浸蚀 Erosion经济可行性计算 Economic Viability Calcuation 净正吸入压头 NPSH（Net Positive Suction Head)径向力 Radial Force径向剖分壳体 Radially Split Casing径向推力 Radial Thrust径向叶轮 Radial Impeller径向轴承 journal bearing绝对速度 Absolute Velocity卡诺冲击损失 Carnot Shock Loss卡普兰弯管 Kaplan Elbow铠装泵 Armoured Pump抗腐蚀性 Corrosion Resistance壳体 Casing可抽出性 withdrawability可调叶片 adjustable vane空气泵 Air Pump空气提升泵 Air-Lift Pump空心旋涡 Hollow Vortex孔板 Oriffice Plate孔径比 Apertuer Ratio扩压管（圆锥管） Diffuser(Conical Duct)扩压器（导轮） Diffuser(Guide Wheel)冷凝液泵 Condensate Pump冷却剂泵 Coolant Pump冷却水泵 Cooling Water Pump离心泵 centrifugal pump离心泵 Centrifugal Pump离心泵的安装 Installation of Centrifugal Pump离心泵的操作条件 Operating Conditions of Centrifugal Pumps离心泵的操作性能 Operating Behaviour of Centrifugal Pumps离心泵的冲击损失 Shock Loss in Centrifugal Pumps离心泵的间隙损失 Clearance Gap Loss in Centrifugal Pumps离心泵的平稳运行 Smoop and Quiet Running of Centrifugal Pumps离心泵的验收试验规范 Acceptance Test Codes for Centrifugal Pumps 离心泵的制造材料 Construction Material for Centrifugal Pumps离心泵的注水 Priming of Centrifugal Pumps离心泵调节 Control of Centrifugal Pumps离心泵和驱动设备保养 Care of Centrifugal Pumps and Drives离心泵失衡 Out-of-Balance of Centrifugal Pumps离心泵装置 Centrifugal Pump Plant离心式鼓风机 centrifugal blower离心式滤油机 centrifugal oil filter离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor离心水泵 centrifugal water pump立式泵 vertical pump立式屏蔽泵（筒形泵） Vertical Can-type Pump立轴式井泵 Vertical Spindle Well Pump利息支付 Interest Payment连续性方程 Continuity Equation两相流动 Two-phase Flow临界转速 Critical Speed of Rotation流程泵 Process Pump流程型结构 Process Type Construction流道涡流 Channel Vortex流动分离 Flow Separation流动功 Flow Output流量 flowrate流量 Flow流量（体积流量） Capacity流量测定 Flow Measurement流量测量 Capacity Measurement流量调节器 Flow Controller流量系数 Flow Coefficient流量指示器、流量观察窗 flow indicators流速 Flow Velocity流体 Fluid流体动力学 Fluid Dynamics流体机械 Fluid Flow Machine流线 Flow Line轮毂比 Hub Ratio螺杆泵 screw pump(spiral pump)螺纹紧固件 threaded fastener马达输出功率 motor output power马达输入功率 motor input power马达效率 motor efficiency迷宫密封 labyrinth gland迷宫密封箱体 labyrinth gland housing迷宫式密封 Labyrinth Seal密封衬套 shaft sleeve内效率 Internal Efficiency那维尔－斯托克斯方程 NAVIER-STOKES Equation耐酸泵 Acid Pump焾 Enthalpy能 Energy能量级 Energy Level逆时针旋转叶轮 Counterclockwise Rotating Impeller 凝泵 condensate extraction pump凝结水泵 condensate transfer pump凝汽器抽气泵 condenser air pump牛顿流体 NEWTONian Fluid扭力杆 Torsion Rod扭力计 Torsion Dynamometer欧拉方程 EULER Equation排出段 Discharge Casing排出管线 Discharge Line排出管嘴 Discharge Nozzle排出损失 Discharge Loss排灌站水泵 Drainage Station Punp排气 Venting排气阀 Vent Valve排水泵 Dewatering Pump排水量 Water Yield排污泵 blowdown pump(sewage pump) 排污泵 Faeces Pump旁路 By-Pass皮带传动 Belt Drive皮托管 Pitot Tube频率 frequency平垫片 flat gasket平衡鼓 balance drum平衡鼓螺母 balance drum nut平衡孔 balance'hole平衡液体流量 balance water flow平衡装置 balancing device平衡状态 equilibrium condition平皮带传动 flat belt drive屏蔽泵 Canned Motor Pump起动 Start Up起动过程 Starting Process起动时间 Starting Time起动转矩 Starting Torgue气囊的形成 Formation of Air Pockets 气体分离 Gas Separation汽蚀 Cavitation汽蚀磨损 Cavitation Wear汽蚀噪音 Cavitation Noise强制循环泵 forced-circulation pump 切断压力 Switching-off Pressure切换频率 Switching Frequency氢指数 Hydrogen Exponent清水泵 Clean Water Pump驱动 Drive热 Heat热泵 Heat Pump热含量 Heat Content热虹吸 Thermosyphon热量 Quantity of Heat热载体泵 Heat Transfer Media Pump热障 Thermal Barrier容积泵 Positive Displacement Pump入口导叶 suction guide入口管嘴 Entry Nozzle入口截面 Inlet Cross-section入口压力 suction pressure入口锥管 Entry Cone润滑油泵 Lubricating Oil Pump三相电机 Three-phase Motor三相电流 Three-Phase Current三相制 Three-phase System设计工作点 Design Duty Point声学 Acoustics时间 Time视在功率 Apparent Power试验台 Test Bed手动泵 Hand Pump首级内泵壳 first stage ring section输送黏性液体黏性泵 centrifugal pump handling viscous liquids 甩油环，抛油环 oil thrower双缸泵组 Twin Pumping Set双流道泵 two-channel impeller pump双流道叶轮 two-passage impeller双蜗壳 Double Volute水厂泵 waterworks pumps水锤 water hammer水的硬度 hardness of water水力效率 hydraulic efficiency水流量计 water meter水泥壳泵 concrete casing pump水喷射 water jet水喷射泵 water jet pump水温 water temperature水下泵 underwater pump水下电机 underwater motor水下电机泵 underwater motor pump水银泵 mercury pump水硬度 water hardness速度 Velocity速度测定 Measuring of Speeds速度测量 Velocity Measurement速度三角形 Velocity Triangle损失系数 Loss Coefficient锁紧垫圈、防松垫圈 lock-washer探头 Probe特性 Characteristic特性曲线 Characteristic Curve特性因数 Characteristic Factor体积流量 Volume Flow停转时间 Run-down Time通量线 Flux Line同步转速 Synchronous Speed铜导体 Copper Conductor投资评价 Capital Servicing透平驱动泵 Turbine Driven Pump涂层 Coat of Paint推力盘 thrust collar推力瓦 thrust pad推力轴承撑板 thrust carrier ring 推力轴承室 thrust bearing housing 托轮 Jockey Pulley弯管 Elbow弯管壳体泵 Elbow Casing Pump卧式泵 Horizontal Pump污泥泵 Sludge Pump污水泵 Sewage Pump无冲击流入 Shock-free Entry无泄漏 Leak-tightness吸入口 Suction Nozzle吸入室 Suction Chamber吸入性能 Suction Behaviour吸入压头 Suction Head吸入叶轮 Sution Impeller纤维素 Cellulose纤维性物料 Fibrous Material相对速度 Relative Velocity相合定律 Congruence Law相似条件 Similarity Conditions相位移 Phase Displacement消防泵 Fire-fighting Pump消声测量 Noise Abatement Measures 销钉、定位销 dowel pin小舌片 tab效率复算 Efficiency Re-evaluation斜度 Steepness斜流叶轮 Diagonal Impelier斜盘式泵 Swash Plate Pump泄漏出的密封水隔离门（相当于密封水卸荷阀） leak-off isolating valve 泄漏损失 Leakage Loss星形轮 Star Wheel星形－三角形起动器电路 Star-delta Starter Circuit性能图 Performance Chart许可公差 Warranty Tolerance许可区域 Warranty Zone旋流 Swirl Flow旋塞阀 Cock旋涡泵 Peripheral Pump旋涡式叶轮 Peripheral Impeller旋转方向 Direction of Rotation旋转速度 Rotational Speed压差 Differential Pressure压降 Pressure Drop压力 Pressure压力波 Pressure Wave压力波动 Pressure Surge压力测量 Pressure Fluctuation压力测量 Pressure Measurement压力等级 Pressure Categories压力给水装置 Hydrophor Plant压力计 Manometer压力脉动 Pressure Fluctuation压力容器 Pressure Vessel压力损失 Pressure Loss压力损失 Head Loss压力系数 Pressure Coefficient压头 Pressure Head验收试验 Acceptance Test扬程 head扬程曲线 Throttling Curve叶轮 impeller叶轮 ipeller叶轮 impeller叶轮侧面摩擦 Impeller Side Friction叶轮的修整 Trimming of Impellers叶轮叶片 Impeller Vane叶轮叶片节距调节 Impeller Blade Pitch Adjustment叶片叶片 vane叶片角 Blade Angle叶片节距调节机构 Blade Pitch Adjustment Gear叶片节距调节装置 Blade Pitch Adjustment Device叶梢背部切削 Cutting Back of Impeller Vane Tips叶栅 vane cascade叶栅流动 Cascade Flow液化气泵 Liquefied Gas Pump液环泵 Liquid Ring Pump异步电机 Asynchronous Motor阴极保护 Cathodic Protection音量级 Sound Volume Level音速 Sound Velociyt引水级 Priming Stage应变测定技术 Strain Measurement Technology应力腐蚀（裂纹） Stress Corrosion (Cracking)永久磁铁联轴器 Permanent Magnet Coupling用入口导向叶片控制涡流 Rotation Swirl Control by Inlet Guide Vanes 油泵 Oil Pump油挡 oil guard有势流动 Potential Flow有效功率 Acitive Power有效汽蚀余量 n.p.s.h.r有用功率输出 Useful Output右旋叶轮 right-handed impeller诱导轮 Inducer圆弧形叶片 Circular Arc Vane圆周速度 Peripheral Speed(Circumferential Velocity)运动粘度 Kinematic Viscosity运行时数 Number or Running Hours再生泵 Regenerative Pump脏水泵 Dirty Water Pump折旧 Amortization振动 Vibration正吸入压头 positive suction head直径系数 Diameter Coefficient直联泵组 Close-coupled Pumping Set直流电 Direct Current直流电机 Direct Current Motor直流平板式起动器 Direct Current Face Plate Starter止动销 stop pin纸浆泵 Pulp Pump纸浆浓度 Pulp Density纸浆输送 Conveying of Pulp制造公差 Manufacturing Tolerance质量 Mass质量惯性矩 Mass Moment of Inertia质量流量 Mass Flow中点线 Mid-point Conductor中性线 Neutral Conductor中压泵 Medium Pressure Pump重力加速度 Gravitational Constant重量 Weight轴轴承 Bearing轴承支架 bearing housing轴承支架盖 bearing housing cover轴封 Shaft Seal轴封环 Shaft Sealing Ring轴功率 Shaft Power轴颈 shaft journal轴流泵 axial pump轴流泵 Axial Pump轴流叶轮 Axial Impeller轴套、衬套 gland bush轴推力 Shaft Thrust轴向力 Axial Force轴向剖分壳体 Longitudinally Split Casing 轴向推力 Axial Thrust主循环泵 Primary Circulating Pump柱塞泵 Plunger Pump转动惯量 Moment of Gyration转矩 Torque转矩的测定 Torque Measurement转速传感器 Rotational Speed Transmitter自动调节 Self-regulation自动断路器 Self-acting Circuit Breaker自动开关 Automatic Switches自耦变压器式起动器 Autotransformer Starter 自吸泵 Self-priming Pump自由流动泵 Free-flow Pump总测量偏差 Overall Measuring Tolerance总静压头 Total Static Head总偏差 Overall Tolerance总效率 Overall Efficiency总压力 Tital Pressure总扬程 Total Headmeasured flowratevelocity headgauge/lever correctiongenerated headseal sleeve nuts短心轴 stub axle轴 axes轴 axis轴 axle（U.S.A）轴承衬套 bearing bushing（U.S.A）轴肩挡圈；防护罩 protecting collar巴氏合金；白合金；轴承合金 white metal半贯流式轴流泵；弯管轴流泵 angle-type axial flow pump半可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with blades adjustable when stationary 泵轴 Pump Shaft泵轴承支架 pump bearing bracket长轴深井泵 borehole shaft driven(centrifugal) pump长轴深井泵（美） multistage vertical turbine pump衬套；轴套 bushing齿形联轴器 gear-type coupling出口轴面速度系数；流量系数 capacity constant磁力联轴节齿轮泵 magnetically coupled gear pump从动螺杆；从动心轴 idler spindle从动轴 driven shaft从动轴 idler shaft弹性盘联轴器 flexible disc coupling弹性圆柱销联轴器 flexible pin coupling电磁联轴器 electromagneic coupling电磁联轴器 magneto coupling电磁联轴器 magneto-coupling调节轴 adjusting spindle副传动轴 countershaft spindle副轴；中间轴；从轴 auxiliary shaft刚性联轴器 solid coupling刚性联轴器；刚性联接 rigid coupling功率曲线；轴功率曲线；制动功率曲线 brake horsepower curve贯流泵；直管轴流泵 rubular type axial flow pump滚动轴承 anti-friction bearing滚动轴承 ball/rolling bearing滚动轴承 rolling contact bearing滚针轴承 needle bearing恒定轴向间隙齿轮泵 fixed axial clearance gear pump滑动轴承 plain friction bearing滑动轴承 sleeve bearing滑动轴承 sliding bearing活塞销；轴头销 gudgeon pin架；轴承衬套（美）；泵支架（美) frame径向滚柱轴承 radial roller bearing径向球轴承 radial ball bearing径向轴封 radial shaft seal可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with adjustable(or variable)pitch blades 可调式轴流泵 propeller pump with adjustable or variable pitch blades 可逆叶片轴流泵 axial flow pump with reversible blades可逆叶片轴流泵 propeller pump with reversible blades空心轴 hollow shaft shaft冷冻装置用无轴封泵 glandless pump for refrigerating installation立轴式井泵 Vertical Spindle Well Pump联轴器 coupling笼形轴承托架 bearing bracket lantern笼形轴承托架 bearing housing lantern螺纹联轴器 screwed coupling米切尔型推力轴承 Michell type thrust bearing内轴承泵 pump with internal bearing(s)挠性法兰联轴器 flexible flange coupling挠性联轴器 elastic coupling挠性联轴器 flexible coupling挠性轴 flexible shaft配流盘式轴向活塞泵 flat valve axial piston pump配流盘式轴向活塞泵 port plate axial piston pump配流盘式轴向活塞泵 valve plate axial piston pump喷水推进轴流泵 axial flow pump for water jet propulsion喷水推进轴流泵 water jet propulsion axial flow pump偏心轴 eccentric shaft强制润滑轴承；压力润滑轴承 forced oil lubricated bearing球面推力轴承 spherically mounted thrust bearing曲轴 crankshaft曲轴防护罩 crankguard曲轴防护罩 crankshaft guard曲轴箱支座 crankcase pedestal曲轴销 crank pin驱动轴；传动轴 drive shaft全可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with blades adjustable in operation全可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with variable piteh blades水润滑轴承 water lubricating bearing套筒联轴器 sleeve coupling推力滚柱轴承 thrust roller bearing推力球轴承 ball thrust bearing推力轴承 thrust bearing推力轴承；扇形块 thrust bearing segment推力轴承扇形块 thrust bearing pad外轴承泵 pump with external bearing(s)万向轴 cardan shaft无轴封泵 glandless pump无轴封计量泵 glandless metering pump橡胶轴承 rubber bearing斜垫轴向推力轴承 tilting pad axial thurst bearing斜缸型轴向柱塞泵 tilting cylinder block type axial plunger pump 斜盘式轴向活塞泵 cam plate type axial piston pump斜盘式轴向活塞泵 swash plate axial piston pump斜盘式轴向活塞泵 wobble plate axial piston pump斜置轴流泵 inclined axial flow pump斜轴式轴向活塞泵 angle-type axial piston pump斜轴式轴向活塞泵 bent axis axial piston pump旋涡轴线 eddy axis旋涡轴线 vortex axis压入式轴承盖 pressed-in type bearing cover叶轮轴面形状；工作轮图 profile of the impeller液体动力轴承 hydrodynamic bearing永久磁铁联轴器 Permanent Magnet Coupling油环轴承 ring lubricating bearing油环轴承 ring oiling bearing油脂润滑轴承 grease lubricated bearing支轴销；支点销 fulcrum pin支座；轴架 pedestal中间心轴 idler axle中间心轴 intermediate axle中间轴；副轴；从轴 counter shaft中间轴；副轴；从轴 intermediate shaft轴 shaft轴；心轴；锭子 spindle轴承 bearing轴承 Bearing轴承衬（套） bearing bush轴承衬套 bearing cartridge轴承衬套 bearing insert轴承端盖 bearing end cover轴承盖 bearing cover轴承合金 bearing alloy轴承架 bearing bracket轴承架 bearing pedestal轴承架 bearing spider轴承架；泵托架 headstock轴承架固定式泵 pump with bearing bracket轴承浸泡试验；轴承泡胀试验 bearing swelling test 轴承冷却室 bearing cooling chamber轴承螺母 bearing nut轴承套 bearing sleeve轴承体；轴承箱 bearing box轴承托架箱 bearing bracket housing轴承瓦；轴承衬垫；轴承衬套 bearing line轴承吸水试验 bearing absorption test轴承箱；轴承体 bearing housing轴承座 bearing carrier轴对称 axial symmetry轴对称；旋转对称 rotational symmetry轴对称流 axisymmetrical flow轴封 shaft seal轴封 Shaft Seal轴封环 Shaft Sealing Ring轴功率 Shaft Power轴功率；制动功率；制动马力 brake horsepower轴护套 Shaft Protecting Sleeve轴护套 shaft tunnel tube轴护套（美） shaft enclosing tube轴肩挡圈 loose(shaft) collar轴肩挡圈 shaft collar轴肩挡圈 shoulder ring轴颈 neck journal轴颈 shaft neck轴颈 axle journal轴颈；期刊 journal轴颈套；填料衬套 neck bush轴流泵 Axial Pump轴流泵；螺桨泵 axial flow pump轴流泵叶轮室 propeller bowl轴流式涡轮机 axial-flow turbine轴流式叶轮 axial flow impeller轴流叶轮 Axial Impeller轴流增压器 axial flow booster轴马力；轴功率 shaft horsepower轴面流线 meridian streamline轴面速度 meridional velocity轴面投影图 elevation view轴配流径向活塞泵 pintle valve radial peston pump 轴配流径向活塞泵 valve spindle radial piston pump 轴套 shaft wearing sleeve轴套 Axis Guide轴套 shaft sleeve轴套；套（筒） sleeve轴套拆卸器 sleeve puller轴推力 Shaft Thrust轴瓦；轴承箱；轴承体 bearing sheet轴位指示器 shaft position indicator轴吸泵 axial inlet pump轴向单吸液环泵 axial single entry liquid ring pump轴向导叶 axial diffuser轴向滑移 aixal slip轴向活塞泵 axial piston pump轴向加速度 axial acceleration轴向间隙 axial clearance轴向间隙压力补偿齿轮泵 gear pump with pressure-dependent axial clearance 轴向间隙压力补偿齿轮泵 gear pump with pressurized side plate轴向力 axial force轴向力 Axial Force轴向流动 axial flow轴向磨损指示器 axial wear indicator轴向剖分壳体 Longitudinally Split Casing轴向双吸液环泵 axial double entry liquid ring pump轴向速度 axial velocity轴向推力 axial thrust轴向推力 Axial Thrust轴向吸入泵 axial suction pump轴向压力 axial pressure轴向柱塞泵 axial plunger pump主动螺杆；驱动心轴 driving spindle主动轴 driving shaft柱销联轴器 pin coupling爪形联轴器 claw coupling爪形联轴器 dog coupling爪形联轴器 jaw coupling锥形联轴器 cone(type) coupling锥形联轴器 taper coupling子午面；轴面 meridian plane自锁轴套 self-locking sleeve半贯流式轴流泵；弯管轴流泵 angle-type axial flow pump半可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with blades adjustable when stationary泵 pump泵房 pump house泵盖 casing cover泵缸 pump barrel泵缸 pump cylinder泵缸套 pump barrel line泵缸套 pump cylinder line泵缸体 pump cylinder block泵工况 pump operating condition泵工况 pump operating duty泵体 pump body泵体衬套 pump body insert泵体衬套 pump casing insert泵托架 pump bracket泵站设计 design of pump station泵罩 outer pump mantle泵支架 pump bearing lantern泵轴承支架 pump bearing bracket泵装置 pumping device泵装置 pumping machine泵组 integral pump group泵座 pump frame闭式叶轮泵 pump with enclosed impellers波纹管泵 bellows pump仓底泵 bilge pump侧流道泵壳；旋涡泵泵体 casing with transfer passages 侧流道泵壳；旋涡泵泵体 annular casing长轴深井泵 borehole shaft driven(centrifugal) pump 衬青铜泵 bronze fitted pump齿轮比例泵 abjustable discharge gear pump冲击波泵（振荡器） shock wave oscillator导流壳式多级泵 pump with bowl-type vaned casing低温泵 cryopump底料泵；塔底液泵 bottoms pump底吸泵 bottom inlet pump底吸泵 bottom suction pump电磁驱动泵 pump with cyclic electromagnetic drive风动活塞泵 air-powered piston pump辅泵；辅助泵 auxiliary pump辅扫仓泵；副清仓泵 auxiliary stripping pump附属泵 attached pump工程用泵 building site pump固定缸体泵 pump with nonrotating cylinder固体输送泵 pump for water-borne solids管网泵 pump for pipe system灌泵 priming of pump锅炉给水泵 BFW锅炉给水泵 boiler feed pump锅炉回水循环泵 boiler return circulating pump锅炉酸洗泵 pump for acid washing of boiler航空用泵 aviation pump合金泵 alloy pump合金钢泵 alloy steel pump环壳泵 annular casing pump灰渣泵 ash pump回水泵 back water pump活性污泥泵 activated sludge pump活性污泥泵 biological sludge pump机械密封泵 pump with mechanical seal基本负荷泵 base load pump加硼泵 boron addition pump甲板泵 board pump架；轴承衬套（美）；泵支架（美) frame减摇泵 anti-roll pump铰链滑片泵 articulated vane pump接力泵 boost pump铠装泵 armoured pump可调隔膜泵 adjustable diaphragm pump可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with adjustable(or variable)pitch blades 可逆叶片轴流泵 axial flow pump with reversible blades沥青泵 bitumen pump螺旋泵 Archimedean screw pump密闭式螺杆泵 airtight screw pump内轴承泵 pump with internal bearing(s)耐磨泵 abrasion resisting pump耐酸泵 acid pump逆洗泵 back wash pump农用喷药泵 agricultural spray pump for chemicals盘状活塞泵 bucket piston pump喷灌泵 agricultural spray pump喷射泵；喷射器 ejector喷水推进轴流泵 axial flow pump for water jet propulsion喷雾器－泵组 atomizer-pump皮带传动泵 belt driven pump啤酒泵 beer pump平衡转子式滑片泵 balanced rotor vane pump气抽液喷射泵 gas jet liquid ejector气动泥浆泵 air-pressure actuated slurry pump气泡泵；曼木特泵；气举泵 air lift pump气体喷射泵 gas ejector汽车用泵 automobile pump汽抽气喷射泵 steam jet air ejector汽抽水喷射泵 steam jet water ejector前置泵；增压泵 booster pump潜水深井泵 borehole submerged pump球形活塞泵 ball piston pump全可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with blades adjustable in operation 全可调式轴流泵 axial flow pump with variable piteh blades全青铜泵 all bronze pump熔盐泵 pump for liquid salts pump上壳（井泵）；吐出段 delivery casing上壳（井泵）；吐出段 discharge casing深井泵 borehole pump食品泵 pump for edible fluids双壳泵 barrel insert pump双吸泵 balanced suction pump水抽气喷射泵 water jet air ejector水锤泵；振动机 pulsator水喷射泵 water ejector饲槽自动泵；家畜自动饮水泵 animal self-operated drinking water pump 饲槽自动泵；家畜自动饮水泵 automatic trough pump碎纸浆泵 broke pump甜菜泵 beet pump甜菜根泵 beet tails pump筒袋式泵 barrel pump筒袋式油泵 barrel oil pump外轴承泵 pump with external bearing(s)往复式深井泵 borehole reciprocating pump微型泵 micro-pump无叶片泵 bladeless pump吸附真空泵 absorption vacuum pump吸收泵 absorption pump相对叶轮泵；背靠背叶轮泵 pump with opposed impellers箱桶抽空泵 barrel emptying pump斜轴式轴向活塞泵 angle-type axial piston pump斜轴式轴向活塞泵 bent axis axial piston pump悬臂叶轮泵 pump with overhung impeller压缩空气驱动泵 air operated pump压载泵 ballast pump盐水泵 brine pump叶轮串并联泵 pump with series or parallel connection impellers液化天然气用低温泵 cryopump for liquefied natural gas液态金属泵 pump for liquid metals液体喷射泵 liquid ejector增压泵 boosting pump增压泵；压送泵；气筒 inflator增压给水泵 booster-feed pump增压扩散泵 booster diffusion pump蔗渣泵 bagnsse pump蒸汽机泵 steam pumping engine蒸汽脉冲泵；脉冲泵 steam pulsator蒸汽脉冲泵；脉冲泵 pulsometer蒸汽喷射泵 seam ejector中段泵壳；中段 stage casing中开泵 axially split pump轴承架；泵托架 headstock轴承架固定式泵 pump with bearing bracket轴流泵；螺桨泵 axial flow pump轴流泵叶轮室 propeller bowl轴吸泵 axial inlet pump轴向单吸液环泵 axial single entry liquid ring pump轴向活塞泵 axial piston pump轴向双吸液环泵 axial double entry liquid ring pump轴向吸入泵 axial suction pump轴向柱塞泵 axial plunger pump铸铁泵 all iron pump转子可抽出式泵 pump with withdrawable rotor assembly钻井冲洗泵 borehole flushing pump摆线螺杆泵 cycloidal screw pump半开式叶轮离心泵 centrifugal pump with semien closed impeller pump 闭式旋涡泵 closed peripheral pump闭式叶轮离心泵 centrifugal pump with shrouded impeller不堵塞泵 chokeless pump舱壁泵 bulkhead mounted pump除氧化皮泵 descaling pump除氧器供给泵 deaerator lift pump除氧器循环泵 deaerator recirculating pump传导泵 conduction pump地下室排水泵 cellardrainage pump定压泵 constant pressure pump非接触齿轮泵 contactless gear pump伏辊断头纸桨泵 couch break pump给料泵 charge pump恒速泵 constant speed pump化工用泵 chemical pump化学纸浆泵 chemical pulp pump化学纸浆泵 chemical stock pump环壳泵 circular casing pump混料泵 contactor pump混凝土泵 cement grout pump混凝土泵 cementation pump混凝土泵 concrete pump混凝土涡壳泵 concrete volute pump货油泵 cargo oil pump夹装泵 bung mounted pump甲板泵 deck pump甲板冲洗泵 deck wash pump开式叶轮离心泵 centrifugal pump with open impeller矿井工作面泵 coal face pump冷剂泵 collant pump冷剂泵 coolant pump冷剂泵 cooling medium pump冷凝泵 condensate pump冷凝泵 condensate extraction pump冷却水泵 cooling water pump离心泵 centrifugal pump离心机出料泵 centrifugal run-off pump离心喷射泵 centrifugal-jet pump离心－旋涡泵 centrifugal-peripheral pump离心－旋涡泵 centrifugal-turbine pump链传动泵 chain drive pump链式泵 chain pump裂化装置泵 cracking pump流道式叶轮泵 channel impeller pump滤清污水泵 decanted sewage pump氯乙烯塑料泵 chlorovinyl plastic pump煤泥泵 coal slurry pump煤水泵 coal pump内啮合齿轮泵 crescent gear pump内啮合齿轮泵 crescent seal gear pump内配流径向活塞泵 centrally ported radial piston pump内循环形屏蔽泵 canned motor pump with inner recirculation 耐蚀泵 corrosion free pump耐蚀泵 corrosion resisting pump凝水回收泵 condensate recovery pump凝水回收泵 condensate return pump凝水－增压泵 condensate-booster pump凝水－增压－给水泵 condensate-booster-feed pump屏蔽泵 canned motor pump汽车冲洗泵 car wash pump巧克力输送泵 chocolate pump切削冷却乳剂泵 cutting oil pump清水泵 clean water pump曲柄泵 crank pump曲柄飞轮泵 crank and flywheel pump深井泵 deepwell pump石灰汁泵；清汁泵 clarified juice pump手压泵；手动泵 cottage pump水泥桨泵 cement slurry pump陶瓷泵 ceramic pump陶瓷酸泵 ceramic acid pump甜菜丝泵 cossette pump凸轮泵 cam pump凸轮转子式刮片泵 cam rotor vane pump凸轮转子式刮片泵 cam-vane pump外循环形屏蔽泵 canned motor pump with outer recirculation 无曲柄泵 crankless pump无曲柄多缸泵 crank-less multicylinder pump无曲柄污水泵 crankless sewage pump无曲柄消防泵 crankless fire pump洗舱泵 butterworth pump洗煤用泵 coal washing pump向心泵 centripetal pump斜盘式轴向活塞泵 cam plate type axial piston pump循环泵 circulating pump压缩空气驱动泵 compressed air pump液化天然气用低温泵 cryo pump for LNG诱导轮离心泵 centrifugal pump with inducent原生污泥泵 crude sludge pump原生污水泵 crude sewage pump原油泵 crude oil pump圆筒感应泵 cylindric induction pump粘浆泵 cellulose pulp pump直联泵；单体泵 close coupled pump中央密封式活塞泵 centre-packed type piston pump铸钢泵 cast steel pump装入式泵 built-in pump（主机）半负荷泵 half load pump（主机)全负荷泵 full load pump比例泵 dosing pump玻璃泵 glass pump差动活塞泵 differential piston pump柴油机驱动泵 diesel pump长喉管喷射泵 jet pump with long Venturi tube衬硬胶泵 ebonite pump衬硬胶泵 hard rubber lined pump。
【翻译必备】水泵中英文对照表
复式气泵
double-casing volute pump
双套涡囊泵
double discharge gear pump
双出口齿轮泵
double-direction gearpump
双向齿轮泵
double-pistonpump
双活塞泵
double-stroke deep well pump
扩散泵
diffuser type centrifugal pump
扩散形离心泵
diode sputter-ion pump
二极管溅射离子泵[抽机]
direct-acting pump
直接联动泵
direct acting steam pump
直动蒸汽泵
direct-current electromagnetic pump
复式双动水泵
duplex geared pump
双齿轮泵
duplex steam pump
双缸汽动泵
E开头地水泵英文单词：
eccentric-cylinder rotary oil pump
偏心缸回转油泵
eccentric driven pump
偏心泵
eccentric sliding vane pump
深井双冲程水泵
double-suction pump
双吸泵
downhole engine pump
井底水力活塞泵
drainage pump
排泄泵
draining pump
排水泵
draw-off pump
抽取泵
dredgepump
吸泥泵,排污泵,泥浆泵
driven well pump
外文翻译--泵的概述
外文原文：Pump's outlineThe pump is the application very widespread general machinery, may say that is place of the fluid flow, nearly has the pump in the work. Moreover, along with science's and technology's development, pump's application domain is expanding rapidly, according to the over-all state statistics, pump's power consumption approximately composes the national total output of electrical energy 1/5, obviously the pump is natural consumes energy the wealthy and powerful family. Therefore, raises the pump technical level to save the energy consumption to have the important meaning.First. Centrifugal pump's principle of workThe drive leads impeller revolving through the pump spindle to have the centrifugal force, under the centrifugal action of force, the liquid is flung along the leaf blade flow channel to the impeller export, the liquid sends in after the volute collection the eduction tube. The liquid obtains the energy from the impeller, • causes the pressure energy and the speed can increase, and depends upon this energy the hydraulic transport to the operating location. while the liquid is flung which exports to the impeller, the impeller eye center has formed the low pressure, • has had the differential pressure in the imbibition pot and between the impeller center liquid, in the imbibition pot's liquid under this differential pressure function, after inhales the pipeline and pump's suction chamber unceasingly enters in the impeller.Second, centrifugal pump's structure and main spare partA centrifugal pump mainly by the pump body, the impeller, the packing ring, the rotation axis, the axis seals parts and so on box to be composed, some centrifugal pumps are also loaded with the guide pulley, the inducer, the balance disc and so on.1. Pump body: Namely pump's shell, including suction chamber and delivery chamber.①Suction chamber: Its function is enables the liquid to flow in evenly the impeller.②Delivery chamber: Its function collects the liquid, and sends in it the subordinate impeller or guides the eduction tube, at the same time reduces the liquid the speed, causes the kinetic energy to further turn the pressure energy. The delivery chamber has the volute and the guide vane two forms.2. Impeller: It is in the centrifugal pump transmits the energy for the liquid only part, the impeller with the bond fixation on the axis, leads revolving alongwith the axis by the prime mover, passes to through the leaf blade prime mover's energy the liquid.Impeller classification:①According to liquid inflow classification: Single suction impeller (in impeller's one side has an entrance) and double attracts the impeller (liquid from impeller's lateral symmetry liudao impeller passage).②Is opposite according to the liquid in centerline's flow direction classification: Runoff type impeller, axial-flow propeller and interflow type impeller.③According to impeller's structural style classification: Shrouded impeller, open type impeller and semi-opened impeller.3. Axis: Is transmits the mechanical energy the important components, the • prime mover's torque passes to the impeller through it. The pump spindle is the pump rotor's major parts, on the axis is loaded with components and so on impeller, axle sleeve, balance disc. The pump spindle depending on the both sides bearing supporting, makes the high speed rotation in the pump, thus the pump spindle in a big way wants the bearing capacity, to be wear-resisting, to be anti-corrosive. Pump spindle's material selects the carbon steel or the alloy steel and after the quenching and retempering treatment generally.4. Packing ring: Is installs in the rotation impeller and the static pump housing (center-section and guide vane's assembly) between packing assembly. It is function is through controls between the two gap method, increases in the pump between the high and low pressure cavity the fluid flow resistance, reduces divulging.5. Axle sleeve: The axle sleeve is uses for to protect the pump spindle, causes it not to corrode and the attrition. When necessity, the axle sleeve may replace.6. Axis seals: The pump spindle and around packing box between end cover's installs short for axis to seal, mainly prevents in pump's liquid divulging and the air enters in the pump, achieves seals and prevents the air admission to cause the pump cavitation goal. the axis seals form: Namely has skeleton's rubber seal, the packing seal and the mechanical seal.7. axial force balancing unit.Third. Centrifugal pump's prime task parameter1. Current capacity: Namely the pump in unit of time discharges the liquid quantity, usually indicated with the Unit of volume that mark Q, the unit has m3/h, m3/s, l/s and so on,2. Lifting: The transportation unit weight's liquid (pump suction flange) (pump discharge flange) from the pump inlet place to the pump exit, its energy's increment, indicated with H, the unit is m.3. Rotational speed: Pump's rotational speed is the pump each minute revolving number of times, expressed with N. Electrical machinery rotational speed •N generally about 2900 n/min.4. Net positive suction head: Centrifugal pump's net positive suction head isNPSH • uses the expressed that pump's performance's main parameter,rsymbolic representation.5. Power and efficiency: Pump's power input is shaft power P, is also electric motor's output. Pump's output is the active power.Fourth, pump proper energy lossPump mechanical energy which obtains from the prime mover, has a part to transform into the liquid energy, but another part because in the pump consumes loses. In the pump all losses may divide into the following several items: 1. Hydraulic loss by the liquid in pump impact, the turbulent flow and the surface friction creates. The impact and the eddy current loss are because the liquid flow change direction produces. The liquid flows through the flow channel general meeting which contacts to present the surface friction, from this produces the energy loss is mainly decided by flow channel's length, the size, the shape, the surface roughness, as well as liquid speed of flow and characteristic.2. Volumetric loss: volumetric loss was already obtained the energy liquid to have a part to flee the result which in the pump the class and leaked outward.is 0.93～0.98 generally. Improves the packing Pump's volumetric efficiencyvring and the seal structure, may reduce the leakage, raises the volumetric efficiency.3. Mechanical loss mechanical loss refers to the impeller lap side and the pump housing friction loss between the liquid, namely the disc loses, as well as pump spindle when packing, bearing and balancing unit and so on mechanical part movement friction loss, generally before primarily.Fifth, pump's speed change--Proportionality law1. Centrifugal pump's speed change:A centrifugal pump, when its rotational speed change, its rated flow, lifting and the shaft power will have the change according to the certainproportion relations. At present, uses the frequency conversion velocity modulation electrical machinery to realize centrifugal pump's speed change, is a new important energy conservation way. 2. proportionality law expression:2121n n Q Q = 22121⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=n n H H 32121⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=n n N N In the formula, Q, H, N-- pump's rated flow, lifting and shaft power Thesubscript 1,2 express the different rotationalspeed separatelyn-- rotational speedSixth, centrifugal pump's ratio rotationCompared to the rotation is the comprehensive parameter which derives by the law of similarity, it is the operating mode function, to a pump, the different operating mode has differently compared to the rotation, for ease of carries on the comparison to the different type pump's performance and the structure, the application optimum condition (the peak efficiency spot) the ratio rotation represents this pump.When chooses the pump, may according to job requirement Q, H and unifies electrical machinery's rotational speed, calculates the n s number, determines pump's type approximately. At that time, 30<s n used the positive displacement pump generally, at that time, 30>s n used the centrifugal pump, the interflow pump, the axial flow pump and so on. Seventh,centrifugal pump'scavitation andinspirationcharacteristic1.Cavitation phenomenonsThe pumping station transportation medium's liquid condition and the gas are can transform mutually, the transformed condition is the pressure and the temperature. Under certain temperature, the liquid starts the critical pressure which vaporizes for the vaporization pressure. The temperature is higher, the liquid vaporization pressure is higher. Pump when revolution, if its overflow part local region (for example impeller blade import later somewhere), the liquid absolute pressure drops when pulled out delivers the liquid at that time under the temperature vaporization pressure, the liquid then in this place starts to vaporize, the bubble formation (air bubble internal pressure approximately wasequal to vaporization pressure). When these air bubbles along with liquid flow forward motion to high pressure region, down to around the air bubble high-pressured liquid causes the air bubble to reduce suddenly congeals. While air bubble vanishing, the liquid particle by the high speed packing hole, occurs hits mutually forms the intense pressure surge, causes the overflow part to receive the corrosion and the destruction. The above process is called the cavitation.2. Cavitation will cause serious results:(1). has the vibration and the noise.(2). is influential to pump's operating performance: When the cavitation develops the certain extent, the • steam bubble produces massively, will stop up the flow channel, will cause pump's current capacity, lifting, the efficiency and so on obviously to drop.(3). will have the destruction to flow channel's material quality: Is mainly nearby the leaf blade entrance the metal weary disintegration.3. centrifugal pump's inspiration characteristic:(1). Pump has the cavitation basic condition is: Under leaf blade entrance lowest liquid flow pressure k P <= this temperature liquid vaporization pressure v P .(2). effective net positive suction head: The pump entry (potential head is the entire flood peak which zero) the liquid has subtracts the value which the vaporization delivery head remains only, with expression.(3). pump essential net positive suction head: Liquid flow from pump inlet to impeller in minimal pressure point of force K place complete energy loss, with expression.(4). With r NPSH and a NPSH difference and relation:a NPSH >r NPSH Pump not cavitationa NPSH =r NPSH The pump starts the cavitationa NPSH <r NPSH Pump serious cavitation(5). regarding a pump, to guarantee that its safe operation does not have the cavitation, must the net positive suction head also be supposed to add asecurity allowance regarding the pump, therefore, pump's permission net positive suction head is:[]NPSH=()c1.1~NPSH5.14. Enhances the centrifugal pump anti-cavitation performance themethod to include:NPSH, is machine the pump (1). I mprovement machine pump structure, reducesrdesign question.(2). Enhancement installment effective net positive suction head. Most mainly the most commonly used method uses the irrigation inspiration installment.In addition, reduces the inspiration pipeline resistance loss as far as possible, reduces the liquid the saturated steam tension, namely when design inspiration pipeline selects caliber big as far as possible, length short, the bend and valve few, transportation liquid temperature as far as possible low and so on measures, may enhance the installment the effective cavitation remainder.5. axial force balancing unit(1). axial force production reason①Around because the impeller the both sides the fluid pressure distributed situation different (wheel cap lateral pressure is low, • wheel disk pressure high) causes axial force A1, its direction for from impeller back side direction impeller eye.②The fluid flows in and flows out dynamical reaction A2 which impeller's direction and the speed different produce, its direction and A1 are opposite, therefore line shaft directive force A=A1-A2, the direction is ordinary and A1 same (general A2 is small).(2). Axial force balanced①Uses double attracts the type impeller: The impeller lateral symmetry, the fluid from the both sides inspiration, the axial force automatic counter-balance achieves balanced.②Opens the balancing hole or installs the compensating pipe:A: Opens several balancing holes in the impeller wheel disk photograph well regarding the induction port place.B: After order to avoid the balancing hole, because the mainstream is disturbed increases the hydraulic loss, may suppose the compensating pipe to replace the balancing hole, namely uses an acorn tube leading-in point pressure to the wheeldisk back side.③Uses the balanced leaf blade: Casts several radial direction muscle piece at the back of the leaf wheel disk, the • muscle piece drives at the back of the impeller in the gap fluid to accelerate to revolve, increases the centrifugal force, •, thus causes at the back of the impeller the pressure obviously to reduce.④Using thrust bearing withstanding axial force. Generally in the small single suction pump the thrust bearing may withstand the complete axial force, prevents the pump spindle to flee moves.Eighth. centrifugal pump's operating procedure1. Centrifugal pump starts the inspection(1) Electrical machinery overhaul, before connecting the shaft coupling, inspects electrical machinery's rotation direction first to be whether correct.(2) inspection pumps out the inlet line and the attached pipeline, the flange, the valve installs whether to meet the requirement, foot bolt and grounding to be whether good, whether the shaft coupling does install.(3) jigger inspection, rotates whether normally.(4) inspection lubricating oil oil level is whether normal, refuels without the oil, and inspects the lubricating oil (fat) oil material nature.(5) turns on various cooling water valve, and inspects the pipeline to be whether unimpeded. Attention cooling water not suitable oversized or too small, will create the waste oversized, too small, then the cooling performance will be bad. Generally the cooling current of water becomes the striation(6) dozen of pumping's inlet valve, closes pump's outlet valve, and turns on the pressure gauge valve.(7) inspection machine pump's seal condition and oil seal opening. attention: The hot oil pump wants evenly before the start preheating.2. centrifugal pump's start(1) all operates the inlet valve, closes the outlet valve, the starting dynamo.(2), when the pump outlet pressure is bigger than the service pressure, inspects each work on six cylinders, turns on the outlet valve gradually.when(3) starting dynamo, if the start or has time the unusual sound, should the dump inspection, after eliminating the breakdown, immediately only then starts.when(4) start, pays attention to the human not to face the shaft coupling, by against departs offends somebody.3. the centrifugal pump stops the pump to operate(1) to close pump's outlet valve slowly.(2) shuts off electrical machinery's power source.(3) closes the pressure gauge valve.(4) parking, cannot stop the cooling water immediately, should pump's temperature only then cut off the water supply falling to 80 degrees below.(5) according to the need, closes the inlet valve, the pump body blows off.4. centrifugal pump operates when matters needing attention(1) centrifugal pump when revolution avoids the idle operation.(2) avoids when closes the outlet valve the long time revolution.(3) refuses the water used battery charger.the(4) centrifugal pump must in close in outlet valve's situation to start.中文译文：泵的概述泵是应用非常广泛的通用机械，可以说是液体流动之处，几乎都有泵在工作。
离心式通风机毕业设计外文翻译
Hindawi出版公司国际旋转机械杂志卷2007，文章编号34901，10页日期：2007/10/17研究论文在离心风机非定常流叶轮几何的影响:数值和实验分析Younsi巴克尔F和R kouidri，雷的实验室，国立艺术与sup´151大道医院教育处（法国巴黎），于2007年5月14日寄出;2007年11月26日接受由Ion Paraschivoiu推荐本研究的目的是评估设计参数对非定常流前弯离心风机及对空气声学的行为的影响。
为此,数值和实验研究已经被实行了四个不同几何参数的离心叶轮设计。
同样的涡形机壳已经用于研究这些叶轮。
对非定常流的行为的影响与不规则的叶片间距,叶片数和径向叶轮边缘之间的距离和蜗壳舌部进行了研究。
数值模拟非定常流已经使用计算流体动力学(CFD)工具基于非定常雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯(URANS)方法。
研究重点是不稳定引起的空气动力蜗壳和旋转叶轮叶片之间的相互作用。
为了预测在远场声压,非定常流变量提供的CFD计算在Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings方程(FW-H)中被用作输入。
这个工作涉及气动测量的实验部分风扇使用试验台的性能根据ISO 5801(1997)标准。
此外,压力麦克风为了测量墙的压力波动已经嵌装蜗壳舌部表面。
声压级(SPL)测量为了消除干扰噪声反射在消声室中进行了。
最后,数值结果与实验测量结果和墙压力波动之间的相关性和远场噪声信号被发现。
版权©2007 m . Younsi et al。
这是一个开放的文章在知识共享归属许可下发布的,允许不受限制地使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。
1.介绍前弯离心风机和轴流式风机相比质量流率和密实度大广泛应用于工业中。
除此之外,和相比落后的风机他们有一个更高的总压强上升相比,。
尽管他们的低效率,但是他们还是可以在建筑集中供热和空调系统采用循环风机,作为汽车鼓风机heating-cooling单位和许多其他应用程序。
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附录A译文（一）离心泵使用时的调节方式与能源耗损分析离心泵是广泛应用于化工工业系统的一种通用流体机械。
它具有性能适应范围广（包括流量、压头及对输送介质性质的适应性）、体积小、结构简单、操作容易、操作费用低等诸多优点。
通常，所选离心泵的流量、压头可能会和管路中要求的不一致，或由于生产任务、工艺要求发生变化，此时都要求对泵进行流量调节，实质是改变离心泵的工作点。
离心泵的工作点是由泵的特性曲线和管路系统特性曲线共同决定的，因此，改变任何一个的特性曲线都可以达到流量调节的目的。
目前，离心泵的流量调节方式主要有调节阀控制、变速控制以及泵的并、串联调节等。
由于各种调节方式的原理不同，除有自己的优缺点外，造成的能量损耗也不一样，为了寻求最佳、能耗最小、最节能的流量调节方式，必须全面地了解离心泵的流量调节方式与能耗之间的关系。
1 泵流量调节的主要方式1.1 改变管路特性曲线改变离心泵流量最简单的方法就是利用泵出口阀门的开度来控制，其实质是改变管路特性曲线的位置来改变泵的工作点。
1.2改变离心泵特性曲线根据比例定律和切割定律，改变泵的转速、改变泵结构（如切削叶轮外径法等）两种方法都能改变离心泵的特性曲线，从而达到调节流量（同时改变压头）的目的。
但是对于已经工作的泵，改变泵结构的方法不太方便，并且由于改变了泵的结构，降低了泵的通用性，尽管它在某些时候调节流量经济方便[1]，在生产中也很少采用。
这里仅分析改变离心泵的转速调节流量的方法。
从图1中分析，当改变泵转速调节流量从Q1下降到Q2时，泵的转速（或电机转速）从n1下降到n2，转速为n2下泵的特性曲线Q-H与管路特性曲线He=H0+G1Qe2（管路特曲线不变化）交于点A3(Q2，H3)，点A3为通过调速调节流量后新的工作点。
此调节方法调节效果明显、快捷、安全可靠，可以延长泵使用寿命，节约电能，另外降低转速运行还能有效的降低离心泵的汽蚀余量NPSHr，使泵远离汽蚀区，减小离心泵发生汽蚀的可能性[2]。
缺点是改变泵的转速需要有通过变频技术来改变原动机（通常是电动机）的转速，原理复杂，投资较大，且流量调节范围小。
1.3泵的串、并连调节方式当单台离心泵不能满足输送任务时，可以采用离心泵的并联或串联操作。
用两台相同型号的离心泵并联，虽然压头变化不大，但加大了总的输送流量，并联泵的总效率与单台泵的效率相同；离心泵串联时总的压头增大，流量变化不大，串联泵的总效率与单台泵效率相同。
2不同调节方式下泵的能耗分析在对不同调节方式下的能耗分析时，文章仅针对目前广泛采用的阀门调节和泵变转速调节两种调节方式加以分析。
由于离心泵的并、串联操作目的在于提高压头或流量，在化工领域运用不多，其能耗可以结合图2进行分析，方法基本相同。
2.1 阀门调节流量时的功耗离心泵运行时，电动机输入泵轴的功率N 为：/N QH νη=式中N ——轴功率，W ；Q ——泵的有效压头，m ；H ——泵的实际流量，3/m s ；ν——流体比重，3/N m ；η——泵的效率。
当用阀门调节流量从1Q 到2Q ，在工作点2A 消耗的轴功率为：222/NA Q H νη=23Q H ν——实际有用功率，W ；223()Q H H ν-——阀门上损耗得功率，W ；22(1/1)Q H νη-——离心泵损失的功率，W 。
2.2变速调节流量时的功耗在进行变速分析时因要用到离心泵的比例定律，根据其应用条件，以下分析均指离心泵的变速范围在±20%内，且离心泵本身效率的变化不大。
用电动机变速调节流量到流量2Q 时，在工作点3A 泵消耗的轴功率为：323/NA Q H νη=同样经变换可得：32323(1/1)NA Q H Q H ννη=+-式中23Q H ν——实际有用功率，W ；23(1/1)Q H νη-——离心泵损失的功率，W 。
2.3能耗对比分析3结论对于目前离心泵通用的出口阀门调节和泵变转速调节两种主要流量调节方式，泵变转速调节节约的能耗比出口阀门调节大得多，这点可以从两者的功耗分析和功耗对比分析看出。
通过离心泵的流量与扬程的关系图，可以更为直观的反映出两种调节方式下的能耗关系。
通过泵变速调节来减小流量还有利于降低离心泵发生汽蚀的可能性。
当流量减小越大时，变速调节的节能效率也越大，即阀门调节损耗功率越大，但是，泵变速过大时又会造成泵效率降低，超出泵比例定律范围，因此，在实际应用时应该从多方面考虑，在二者之间综合出最佳的流量调节方法。
（二）泵在CAD中的原理方案设计模型论文摘要：在详细分析泵行业中CAD状况的基础上，阐述了建立水泵原理方案设计模型的必要性。
考虑现有的设计方法模型的特点以及水泵原理设计的自身规律，在面向对象设计模型的基础上融合了逐步求精模型的闭环设计思想，在功能分解中采用了Function-Behavior-State(FBS)方法，提出了一个原理方案设计模型。
并进一步将该模型应用于泵的原理方案设计的一实例中，得到了一个较为完整的水泵原理设计流程，表明此模型具有可操作性、可重用性、可交换性等特点。
1 引言自90年代初我国实施CAD应用工程以来，在水泵行业开展CAD设计虽普遍受到重视，但基本仍处于初级的CAD绘图阶段，主要是应用于整个设计过程中的“中下游”设计阶段，即设计方案的具体实现阶段，其本质上属于面向零件的细节设计。
CAD的发展趋势是不仅支持面向零件的细节设计，更重要的是支持概念设计与方案设计等“上游”设计，即是设计过程中最主要的创造性阶段［1］。
在产品设计过程中，创新性表现最为集中、最为突出的阶段是产品的原理方案设计阶段。
为适应泵的设计创新需要，有必要对水泵原理方案设计机理进行研究，建立一个满足水泵设计实际需要的建模方法。
在对泵的设计过程进行总体分析，针对泵的产品特点，总结设计过程中的设计规律，探讨其设计创新机理，并适应计算机辅助设计的需要，建立反映泵的设计经验知识、设计方法以及设计规范的原理方案设计模型，并将其与已有的“中下游”设计模型耦合，以做到真正支撑和辅助设计全过程。
2模型设计方法方案设计是设计过程中，在阐明任务要求后，通过抽象化认识本质问题，建立功能结构，通过寻求合适的作用原理并将其组合成作用结构，从面确定原理解(原理方案)［2］。
方案设计是在原理上确定一个解。
其工作步聚如图1所示。
图1方案设计的工作步聚在建立泵原理方案设计模型中主要涉及两方面的知识［3］：(1)设计方法学知识，即解决产品设计进程的一般性理论、研究进程模式、战略与各步骤相应的战术。
其中包括面向全过程的设计方法和对于方案设计过程中特定的设计方法。
(2)设计对象领域的专业知识，即关于泵这种具体的流体通用机械中所涉及的专业领域的知识。
2.1 设计方法面向全过程的设计方法及模型基本可以分成三种［4］：(1)面向对象设计模型，它代表着设计方法学的组装创新设计阶段；(2)GDT(General Design Theory)模型，它能体现创新设计方法学的创新思维过程(分解、映射、综合)，代表着开环创新设计阶段；(3)逐步求精模型，它充分体现了人的创新思维模式：继承中创新、反复迭代，代表着工程设计方法学的闭环控制创新设计阶段。
这种方法认为设计过程是一个逐步求精过程。
它的最大优点是存在解的评价层，允许对解进行反馈控制，进行产品优化。
因此它是一个闭环设计方法，比较符合工程设计人员的思维模式。
方案设计中关键性的一步就是如何进行产品设计要求的功能分解。
因为产品的设计要求是最精炼的产品功能描述，而形成产品的却是许许多多完成一定功能的零部件的组合，如何将抽象的产品设计要求转换为具体的、现实的功能要求充分体现了人的创造活动。
对这方面的研究，焦点主要集中在功能分解的依据上，有两种方法比较典型：一种以Robert Hsturges为代表，以价值工程理论(VE)为背景，采用功能分解，称为功能逻辑分解方法；另一种以Yasushi Umeda为代表，以人的认知模型为背景，采用行为分解，称为Fuction Behavior State(FBS)方法［5］。
虽然两者都处于发展之中，但是文献［4］认为后者的分解依据更贴近工程设计的思维模式。
2.2泵设计领域的专业知识(泵设计的特点)泵设计是一项复杂的过程，在设计中各种因素互相影响，使满足给定要求的水泵有不同的设计方案或结果，因此必须找到其中最优的一个。
这是一个不断探索，多次循环，逐步深化的判断求解过程［6］。
从流体机械的角度看，流体机械的反问题是当今流体力学领域的难题之一。
因此现有的设计基本采用流体力学的正问题设计，即先由工程设计得到流道结构，确定流动的初始条件和边界条件，再对流场进行校核。
根据校核结果对流道结构进行调整后再次校核，如此循环直到得到较优的结果。
这表明所建立的模型应是一个循环迭代逐步求精的闭环系统。
随着成组技术的广泛应用，泵设计制造正趋向于模块化，以提高零件(组件)通用性和重用性，从而降低设计制造成本，保证产品质量。
而面向对象的建模思想正好符合模块化的需要。
这表明所建立的模型应是一个面向对象的系统。
3原理方案设计模型基于以上分析，在本文所提出的原理方案设计模型中，整个设计进程是在面向对象的设计模型的基础上融合了逐步求精模型闭环设计思想而建立的，在功能分解中采用了FBS方法。
具体模型描述如图2所示：图2 原理方案设计模型结构图在模型中各个模块的具体功能为：3.1设计模型S设计模型S表示要设计的目标对象，它可以由一个或几个设计对象组成，其中包括设计实体对象(E0)和设计关系对象(R0)，其中实体对象可以是功能实体或结构实体。
即：S={［E01，E02，…，E0n］，［E01，E02，…，E0m］} 因为每个设计要求一般有若干个可选择的模型与之相匹配，并在设计过程中不断迭代更新，这里用SKG来表示设计模型K的第G代模型，则有：SKG={［E01K，E02K，…，E0nK］G，［R01K，R02K，…，E0mK］G}3.2设计算法A设计算法A为针对某一设计模型SKG，根据要求和约束(R&C)以及知识库中与本领域的专家知识，在模型库中搜索与其匹配的设计对象，创建该设计对象的一个实例Oi并将其添加到设计模型SKG中，若无匹配的设计对象，则基于知识推理创建一个新的满足要求的对象。
评价算法还对设计模型进行评价测试，对不满足要求和约束部分进行修改。
3.3要求和约束R & C在产品需求建模辅助工具系统［7］的辅助下，通过对当前设计模型需求信息的获取、拓展和分析所得到的要求和约束R&C；对设计模型的要求、存在的条件以及其重要性的权重。
最后形成一系列的功能需求{Ro.p}，Ro.p为功能需求O 的属性P。
3.4设计实体对象E0设计实体对象E0i与要求与约束中的Ri相匹配。