五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练-专题07 史地常识类
专题07史地常识类历史地理类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或选择。
文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代；命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。
阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。
如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。
附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。
＂历史与地理＂是高中英语课程标准话题之一，也是高考常考话题。
本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。
通过＂历史与地理＂这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。
【高考探究】近几年的高考英语中，＂历史与地理＂这个话题屡见不鲜。
在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达中，出题者常会涉及某个地方的史地概况、风土人情等，例如2018年新课标卷III阅读理解B篇；2017年浙江卷阅读理解C篇；2016年浙江卷阅读理解C篇、2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇、2016年四川卷阅读理解C篇、2016年北京卷书面表达、2015年新课标卷I和2015年新课标卷II的语法填空等。
【相关词汇】Ⅰ.必记单词1. attack vt.进攻；袭击2. disappear vi.消失→ disappearancen.消失；失踪3. escape vi.逃跑4. feed vt.喂养；饲养；靠……为生；向……提供5. local adj.当地的→ locate vt.把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于) → location n.地点；位置6. native adj.本地的；本国的7. raise vt.饲养；提高8. range n.山脉；vi.排列；延伸9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓→ threat n.威胁Ⅱ.阅读识记单词12.abolish vt. 废除13.aggression n.侵略→ aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的14.betray vt. 出卖；泄露机密15.distribute vt.发放；分发→ distribution n.分配；配给16.drought n .干旱17.dynasty n .朝代18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发→ eruptionn.爆发19.frighten vt. 使惊恐→ frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→ frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的20.foggy adj.有雾的→ fog n.雾21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的→ freeze vi.&vt.将……冷冻，冻僵→ frozen adj.结冰的，冷冻的22.geography n .地理23.historic adj.历史的；有历史意义的→ history n.历史→ historical adj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的24.historical adj.与历史有关的25.incident n .事变26.independence n .独立27.invade vt.侵略28.monument n .纪念碑29.mountainous adj.多山的30.occupy vt.占领；使忙碌31.origin n .起源；由来32.religion n .宗教33.religious adj.宗教的34.remote adj.偏远的；偏僻的35.racial adj. 种族的36.revolution n .革命37.sacrifice vt. 牺牲38.shortage n .缺乏39.shower n .阵雨；淋浴40.supply vt. 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给41.terrify vt.使恐怖42.urban adj.城市的；都市的43.weapon n .武器II.高频短语1.at war在交战中2.be located in/lie in坐落于/位于3.be rich in富含；盛产4.be separate from与……分离5.be surrounded by被……包围/环绕着6.break out(战争、火灾等)爆发7.clear up清理；清除；天气转晴8.date from起源于；追溯到；始于9.declare war on对……宣战10.defend against抵御11.in peace和平地12.in the long run从长远来看13.take on呈现；接受(工作)；开始雇用14.turn against背叛15.vote for/against投票支持/反对III.固定句型1.so...that...Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage. 有时候，微笑的力量会如此强大以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。
2.There is no doubt that...There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that havecaused this global warming.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。
3.完全倒装句Standing on the top of the hill is a monument，dating back to hundreds of years ago.矗立在山顶上的是一座纪念碑，它可以追溯到几百年前。
【典例剖析】You’ve flown halfway around the world; you’ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of; so what on earth is there to do here? You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin, about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok, down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea.It’s early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Before long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered — every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm, clear blue sea. There’s no street noise.The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.For now you just count your blessings(福祉), listing them in the sand with your toe(脚趾). You don’t have to worry about being late for work. You don’t have to do anything.The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon(地平线), slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left, now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to your right; it’s unbroken, endless. No start, no end, just sand, sun, and peace. Step off it, and you re-enter the world of traffic, stress, work, and hurry.Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes, but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches all the way around the world."How could it take me so long to find it?" you wonder.1. When the author first went to Huaplee Beach, .A. he found it unworthwhileB. he failed to sort himself outC. he became sensitive to smellD. he had difficulty in finding it2. What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?A. No menu.B. Free food.C. Self service.D. Quick delivery.3. In the author’s opinion, a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he .A. sits in a beach chairB. forgets his daily routineC. plans a detailed scheduleD. draws pictures in the sand4. What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?A. He shouldn’t have counted his blessings.B. He should have understood the wonder of nature.C. He shouldn’t have spent so much time on the trip.D. He should have come to the place earlier.【语篇解读】本文介绍了泰国一个静谧的海滩。
近五年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解题型分析及2018年备考建议
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2010-2018年高考英语试题分类汇编---G第一部分阅读理解考点7史地人文类
第一部分阅读理解考点7 史地人文类一、（2018年全国卷川）B]Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river ．People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade ．New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River ．Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million ．But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time．Boom towns grow from nothing almost overni ght. In 1896, Daws on. Can ada, was un mapped wilder ness（荒野）.But gold was discovered there in 1897，and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000．Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris ．People went there for gold ．They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers ．The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming . An avalanche（雪崩）once closed the path, killing 63 people . For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip ．Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich ．About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives ．But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable ．Necessities like food and wood were very expensive ．But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found ．The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come．Today, people still come and go —to see where the Canadian gold rush happened．Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City —its present population is 762 ．24．What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A．Its business culture．B．Its small population ．C．Its geographical position ．D．Its favourable climate ．25．What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?C．Almost everyone gave up ．D．Half of them died ．A ．Two-thirds of them stayed there ．B ．One out of five people got rich ．C．Almost everyone gave up ．D．Half of them died ．26．What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A ．They found the city too crowded ．B．They wanted to try their luck elsewhere ．C．They were unable to stand the winter ．D．They were short of food ．27．What is the text mainly about?A．The rise and fall of a city ．B．The gold rush in Canada ．C．Journeys into the wilderness ． D ．Tourism in Dawson ．二、（2018 年 6 月浙江卷）CAs cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young ．The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line （装配线）on September 27, 1908 ．Only eleven cars were produced the next month ．But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them ．Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel ．The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture ：the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger．For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American —going forward at high speed to find new worlds ．The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history ．In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage．”Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power ．The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster．In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990 ．The problems of excessive （过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L ．Friedman．He fears the worst, but hopes for the best．Friedman points out that the green economy （经济）is a chanee to keep Americanstrength．“The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century ．” 28．Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?A．To explain Americans'love for travelling by car ．B. To show the in flue nee of cars on America n culture .C. To stress the popularity of fast food with America ns .D. To praise the effectiveness of America ' road system.29. What has the use of cars in America led to?A . Decline of economy .B . Environmental problems .C. A shortage of oil supply . D . A farm-based society .30 . What is Friedman ' attitude towards America ' future?A . Ambiguous .B . Doubtful .C . Hopeful .D . Tolerant. （2017江苏）CHRONOLOGICA---- The Un believable Years that Defined History DID YOUKNOW-In 105 AD paper was in ve nted in Chi na?:When Columbus discovered the New World?:The British Museum opened in 1759?CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journeythrough time , from the foundation of Rome to thecreation of the internet . Along the way are talesof kings and queens, hot air ballo ons …and monkeys in space Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasnalways as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years War didnactually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record . CHRONOLOGICA is an in formative and en tertai ning tour into history , beautifully illustratedand full of unbelievable facts . While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edis on and Alexa nder the Great , this book also gives an acco unt ofthe lives of lesser-k nown in dividuals in clud ing the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutz on Borglum .This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertainreaders young and old, and guara nteedto prese nt even the biggest history lover withsomethi ng n ew!56 . What is CHRONOLOGICA accordi ng to the n ext?A . A biography .B . A travel guide .57．How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?A．By giving details of its collection ．B ．By introducing some of its contents ．C．By telling stories at the beginning ．D ．By comparing it with other books ．四、（2017 天津）This month ，Germany 's transport minister ，Alexander Dobrindt ，proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles（自主驾驶车辆）．They would define the driver 's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost ．The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley ”of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future ．Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property（财产） damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel —to check email ，say —the car 's maker is responsible if there is a crash ．“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving ，”says Dobrindt ．It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers ，he says．Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers ，consumers and lawyers．“The liability（法律责任） issue is the biggest one of them all ，”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds ，UK ．An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars ，introduced earlier this year ，insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road ”at every moment ．But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars ．“When you say ‘driverless cars'，people expect driverless cars．”Merat says．“You know —no driver ．”Because of the confusion ，Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation ．Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own ，says Ryan Calo at Stanford University ，California ．That is happening in the UK and Singapore ，where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched ．That would go down poorly in the US ，however．“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here ，”says Calo．46．What does the phrase “death valley ”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．A place where cars often break down．B ． A case where passing a law is impossible ．C．An area where no driving is permitted ．D ． A situation where drivers 'role is not clear ．47．The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to ________ ．A ．stop people from breaking traffic rulesB ．help promote fully automatic drivingC．protect drivers of all ages and racesD ．prevent serious property damage48．What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A．It should get the attention of insurance companies ．B ．It should be the main concern of law makers ．C．It should not cause deadly traffic accidents ．D ．It should involve no human responsibility ．49．Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in ________ ．A ．SingaporeB ．the UK C．the US D．Germany50．What could be the best title for passage?A ．Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?B ．Fully Automatic Cars: A New BreakthroughC．Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!D ．Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents五、（2016新课标I）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups ．Silences may be thoughtful, or they m ay be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubborn ness, uneasiness，or worry ．Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap （间隙）with conversation ．Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs．Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among peo ple, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do ．Therefore, when a person from one of t hese cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied（暗示） is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing ．In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection ．Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power ．For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion．However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her ．In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority ．Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing ．Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient 's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily ．A nurse who understands the healing（治愈） value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures．32．What does the author say about silence in conversations?A．It implies anger ．B．It promotes friendship ．C．It is culture-specific ． D ．It is content-based．33．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A．The Chinese．B．The French．C．The Mexicans ． D ．The Russians．34．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A．Let it continue as the patient pleases． B ．Break it while treating patients ．C．Evaluate its harm to patients ．D．Make use of its healing effects ．35. What may be the best title for the text?A . Sou nd and Sile nee B. What It Mea ns to Be Sile ntC. Sile nee to Native America ns D . Speech Is Silver; Sile nee Is Gold六、（2016四川）In the depths of the French Guia nese rain forest, there still rema in unu sual groups ofindigenous（土著的）people . Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and theirown social customs . And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been ain the colony（殖民地）of the French Republic since 1946 . In theory, they should live by the French lawis often ignored o r unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of a lawlessnessworld .The lives of these people have fin ally bee n recorded tha nks to the effects of a Fren chma nform Paris called Gin . Gin spe nt five mon ths in early 2015 explori ng the most remote corners ofthis area, which sits on the edge of the Amaz on rain forest, with half its populati on of only 250,000living in its capital, Cayenne ."I have a special love for the French Guia nese people . I have worked there on and off foralmost ten years, says'Gin . "I ' ve been able to keep firm friendships with them Thus I havebeen allowed to gain access to their living environment . I don ' t see it as a lawless land But rather I see it asan area of freedom . ”"I wan ted to show the audie nce a photographic record touch ing upon the un civilized life, continues Gin ." I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specificworlds more clearly . ”His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time . These pictures showpeople seem in gly pushed into a world that they were un prepared for . These local citize ns nowhave to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by themodern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal andeven suicide .28 . Why does the author feel surprised about the in dige nous people in French Guia na?A . They seldom follow the French law .B . They often ignore the Guianese law .C . They are separated from the modern world .D ． They are both Guianese and French citizens ．29． Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _______A ．a tour guideB ．a geographerC ．a film directorD ．a photographer30． What is Gin ' s attitude towards the lives of itnhdeigenous Guianese?Food festivals around the worldStilton Cheese RollingMay Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the onlypeople in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course.On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane （ 赛道 ）. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos （disappointingly, butunderstandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones ）. All the competitors arc served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods Festival — The Hottest Festival on EarthEvery year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction — food that is not just spicy （ 辛辣 ）,but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three clays every March. You might like to try achocolate-covered habanero pepper — officially the hottest pepper in the world —or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure — if you don 'ltike the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn ' t for you!La Tomatina — The World ' s Biggest Food FightOn the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatina — the world's largest A ． Cautious ． B ．Doubtful ． 31． What does the underlined wordA ． The modern French lifestyle ．C ． The uncivilized hunting ． 七、（ 2015 福建）C ． Uninterested ．D ．Appreciativeit ” in the last paragraph refer to? B ．The self-supporting hunting ． D ． The French Republic ．food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week ' sevents. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowD ．The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again —and for a much-needed wash!56．In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must ___ .A ．wear various formal clothesB ．roll a wooden cheese in their own laneC．kick or throw their cheeseD．use a real cheese weighing about four kilos57．Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?A ．In New Mexico. B．In the Caribbean. C．In Australia. D．In China.58．The celebration of La Tomatina lasts ____ .A ．three days B．seven days C．less than three days D ．more than seven days 59．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A ．The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.B ．More than 10,000 Chinese take pail in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.C．Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.D．An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La TomatinA ．八、（2015 湖北）Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile （纺织） and media industries, and modern architecture.In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich tradersfrom Amsterdam to Hilversum. They built themselves large villas （另U墅）in the wooded surro undings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brennin kmeijers, curre ntly the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s.The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek （NSF）established a radio factory in Hilversum. Most radio stations settled in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherla nds, and Dutch televisi on stars moved into the leafy n eighborhoods surro unding the tow n.In the early 1900s, modern architects W.M. Dudok and J.Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildi ngs in Hilversum. These moder n architectural masterpieces （杰作）are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most 21th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings still bear his unique characteristics, His masterpiece , Hilversum Town Hall, was built in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks. The buildi ng has a remarkable shape and looks like a comb in ati on of“ blocks Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.59. ____________________________________________________ Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ________________________________________ .A. it has a large populationB. it is cut off from big citiesC. it has many beautiful garde nsD. it is in a hilly area with sandy soil60. What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?A . Building a railway link to Amsterdam.B. Helping its textile industry to develop.C. Con struct ing large villas for the poor.D . Assisting its agricultural industry.61 . The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment ofC . a radio stati onD . a TV stationA . a radio factoryB . the medial capital62．What is known about W.M. Dudok ' s Hilversum Town Hall?A ．It consists of approximately 75 buildings.B ．It looks like an open air museum in the city.C．It is a classic example in architecture textbooks.D．It has shaped most of 20th century Hilversum.九、（2015 安徽）Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them —are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural （农村的） and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion （时刻） or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity （兴旺） in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita . A coin is put into the cake, which signifies （预示） success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.72．According to the passage, sharing bread ____ .A ．indicates a lack of foodB ．can help to develop unityC．is a custom unique to rural areas D．has its roots in birthday celebrations73．What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year? C．Health. D ．Togetherness.A ．Trust.B ．Success.74． The author explains the role of food in celebrations by75． What is the passage mainly about?十、（ 2014 重庆）The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly ．Sadly ，biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid — we simply weigh too much ，and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet ，resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink ．However ， several types of animals can walk on water ． One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus ，a lizard （蜥蜴） native to Central and South America ．It can run across water for a distance of several meters ， avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet ． The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward ．For humans to do this ，we'd need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate "hitting" ．But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour ．By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water （and it does take a lot ） ，you can create a "non-New'tonian" liquid that doesn't behave like normal water ．Now ，if the surface of the water is hit hard enough ，particles （ 粒子 ） in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard ． Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step ， and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour ．Fun though all this may sound ， it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice ．If you must do it ，then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink and take a shower afterward !44． Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans ____ ．A ． are not interested in itB ．have biological limitationsC ． have not invented proper toolsA ． using examplesB ． making comparisonsC ． analyzing causesD ． describing processesA ． The custom of sharing food.B ． The specific meaning of food.C ． The role of food in ceremonies.D ． The importance of food in culture.D．are afraid to make an attempt45．What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?A ．It is light enough to walk on water ．B ．Its huge feet enable it to stay above water ．C．It can run across water at a certain speed．D．Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water ．46．What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?A ．To create a thick liquid ．B ．To turn the water into solid ．C．To help the liquid behave normally ．D．To enable the water to move rapidly ．47．What is the author's attitude toward the idea of humans' walking on water?A ．It is risky but beneficial ．B ．It is interesting and worth trying ．C．It is crazy and cannot become a reality ．D．It is impractical though theoretically possible ．十一、（2014 安徽）Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question ，we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area ．Not all historical buildings are attractive ．However ，there may be other reasons —for example , economic（经济的）reasons —why they should be preserved . So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people．What should we do then if a new building is needed?In my view , new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style ．Indeed, there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings ．As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate （影响） its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area．It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt（破坏） the area they are in,butthe same can be said of some old buildings too．Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas ．I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative （保守的） and do not like change ．Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings ．I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward ．If we always reproduced what was there before，we would all still be living in caves ．Thus，I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different ，even though that might be the more risky choice ．68．What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?A ．Some of them are not attractive ．B ．Most of them are too expensive to preserve ．C．They are more pleasing than modern buildings ．D．They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area ．69．Which of the following is true according to the author?A ．We should reproduce the same old buildings ．B ．Buildings should not dominate their surroundings ．C．Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in ．D．No one understands why people speak against new buildings ．70．By "move things forward" in the last paragraph ，the author probably means " ___ " ．A ．destroy old buildingsB ．put things in a different placeC．choose new architectural stylesD．respect people's feelings for historical buildings71．What is the main purpose of the passage ?A ．To explain why people dislike change ．。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题03 社会文化类- Word版含解析
专题03社会文化类【话题解读】“社会文化类”是高中英语课程标准中24话题之一，包括东西方文化交流、文化习俗、宗教信仰、婚丧嫁娶等风俗习惯、艺术等的传播、东西方社会礼仪的差别等方面。
通过本话题的学习与高考英语的考查，了解东西方以及不同民族之间的文化交流，掌握一定的社会礼仪知识，为将来走向社会打下基础。
【高考探究】“社会文化类”是高考英语常考话题之一，常在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、书面表达中出现。
例如：2018年新课标卷I阅读理解B篇，2018年新课标卷II 阅读理解D篇；2017年新课标卷I阅读理解C篇，2017年天津卷阅读理解C篇，2016年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇；2015全国卷Ⅰ书面表达；2014年陕西卷书面表达；2012年大纲全国卷Ⅰ完形填空等。
【典例剖析】The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as nece ssary for understanding a person’s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person inauthority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silen ce is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culturespecific.D. It is contentbased.【答案】C33.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题06 时文报道类- Word版含解析
专题06时文报道类在信息时代的今天，我们必须关注国内外的重要事件。
因而时文报道类(也称新闻报道类)文章也是阅读理解中必不可少的。
时文报道类文章一般以记叙文为主。
文章的特点是用非常简练的语言清楚地向读者阐述一件事。
这类文章的写作思路往往是这样的：简述某个事件(何时、何地、何人、何事、结果)——具体描述该事件(细节内容)——作者或其他人的看法和评价。
不过，在表达方式上，作者会运用各种表达方式，如倒叙、插叙等，思维的跳跃性较大。
另外，这种文章中往往出现大量的陌生的人名或地名，在阅读时，要学会排除干扰。
时文报道类是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。
如2018年新课标卷I阅读理解C篇；2018年新课标卷II阅读理解D篇； 2018年新课标卷III 阅读理解C篇等【高考探究】高考试题经常以阅读理解的形式出现新闻报道类的文章。
【典例剖析】A schoolgirl saved her father’s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm’s heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzy’s mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.However, she quickly discovered her arms weren’t strong enough, so she stamped on her father’s chest instead.Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: ＂I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn’t strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.＂＂She’s a little star,＂ said Debbie. ＂I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can’t believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we’ve got to see an expert.＂Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest .A.to express her helplessnessB.to practise CPR on himC.to keep him awakeD.to restart his heart2.What’s the right order of the events?①Izzy kicked Colm.②Debbie called 999.③Izzy learned CPR.④Colm’s heart stopped.A.③①②④B.④②③①C.③④②①D.④③①②3.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?A. What Colm suffered.B. Colm’s present condition.C. What caused Colm’s allergy.D. Symptoms of Colm’s allergic reaction.4.Why does the author write the news?A. To describe a serious accident.B. To prove the importance of CPR.C. To report a 9-year-old girl’s brave act.D. To call people’s attention to allergic reaction.【语篇解读】本文为新闻报道。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题08 健康饮食类- Word版含解析
专题08健康饮食类＂饮食与健康＂是高中英语新课标话题当中非常重要的两个话题，饮食与健康自古以来都是人们所关心的重大问题，尤其是随着社会进步和人们物质生活水平的提高，食物质量和安全问题以及身体健康更是受到了人们空前的关注，因此顺应时代潮流，高考英语对这两个话题更是有所体现。
由于饮食与健康是热点话题，高考英语中对这两个话题会涉及较多的考查内容，常以阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达的形式出现，例如2018年新课标卷II阅读理解B篇，2017年新课标卷I 语言知识运用的第二节（语法填空），2016年四川卷阅读理解D篇，2016年全国卷Ⅲ七选五，2015年广东卷基础写作，2015课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇，2013新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇等。
Passage 1（2018年新课标卷II）Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in ab undance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, s elect ripe bananasfor freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.1. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.2. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.3. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.4. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper.D. A travel brochure.【文章大意】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。
2014_2018高考英语试题分项版解析专题17：阅读新题型.docx
专题 17 阅读新题型2018 年高考试题【2018·全国I 】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp ofhow to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place torelax after a long day?____36____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach thisto feel. important point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that thereonly three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the mediumones, and the large ones.’re really____38____ . They ’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and basketsof us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of beingeasily changeable .Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves____39____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effecton the feeling of a space.that most expensiveThe large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it aresignificant.____40____.A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever you ’re looking forC. If you’re experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar withE. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways【答案】 36. B 37. A 38. D 39. G40. F【解析】本文是一篇明文。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练：专题02人物故事类
五年高考（2014-2018年）英语阅读理解话题类解读与训练专题02人物故事类人物故事类的文章体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。
写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。
命题以细节为主，推理为辅。
主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家、企业家以及影视、体育明星等杰出人物，尤其重视介绍这些杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的困难取得的成功等。
文章一般会歌颂他们在为人类作出巨大贡献的同时，也为自己的事业谱写出了精彩的篇章。
命题方式考点一细节事实理解一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。
此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问：1.Which of the following statements i4.According to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？1.直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。
如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This dam wasbuilt to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enoughconcrete in this dam to build a highway from New Y ork to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam w hen it was finished in ter it was renamed Hoover Dam i n honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam, one of the highest dams in the world, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .A. between Arizona and NevadaB. in the Black CanyonC. between New York and San FranciscoD. both A and B由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题04 科普知识与现代技术- Word版含解析
专题04科普知识与现代技术“科普知识与现代科技”是高中新课程标准话题之一。
该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。
科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如电视、电脑、手机、MP3、火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船……好多好多，几天几夜都说不完。
总之生活离不开科技，科技在为生活服务。
点点滴滴，时时事事，科技无处不在。
【高考探究】“科普知识与现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。
【典例剖析】（2017年·新课标卷II）Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle —named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than thosefor pilots of larger planes. Terrafugiasays an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars.C. The designers of the Transition.29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causers traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.D. It burns too much fuel.30. What is the govern ment’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transition’s First FlightC. Pilots’ Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car Closer to Reality【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。
专题15热点话题-五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练(Word版含解析)
专题15 热点话题“热点话题”是高中新课程标准24话题之一，亦是高考英语热点话题。
本话题主要包括全球变暖、节约能源、环境保护、交通问题、人口问题等。
通过本话题的学习和高考的考查，帮助学生学习有关气候、能源和环保的有关知识，树立“节约能源，保护环境”的主人翁意识。
“热点话题”在高考英语当中通常以阅读理解、完形填空、七选五或书面表达的形式出现，例如：2018年北京卷阅读理解C、D篇，2018年江苏卷阅读理解C篇，2018年浙江卷B、C篇，2018年天津卷阅读理解A篇；2017年新课标卷II阅读理解C篇；2017年北京卷阅读理解B篇，江苏卷阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解B篇、2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。
Passage 1（2018年·新课标II卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间议论文放下手机，与人沟通330 ★★☆☆☆5分钟We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward an d challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small tal k as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’teven exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with smalltalk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。
专题11 旅游与交通-五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练 Word版含解析
专题11 旅游与交通“旅游与交通”是高中新课程标准24话题之一，该话题包括交通运输方式、国内外旅游、交通规则、指路与问路、咨询与预订食宿、行程描述等方面。
这些话题与学生的日常生活关系密切。
高考英语通过这些话题让学生了解旅游与交通的相关知识，培养学生热爱生活的健康情操。
高考试题对交通这一话题的考查以各种题型呈现着。
如2018年新课标卷I阅读理解A篇，2018年新课标卷III阅读理解A篇，2018年江苏卷阅读理解A篇；2017年新课标卷II语法填空，2016年北京卷完形填空，2017年天津卷阅读理解C篇，2015年江苏卷书面表达，2014年新课标卷II阅读理解D篇等。
Passage 1（2018年·新课标I卷）Washington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and historyat each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps.B. Cameras.C. Meals.D. Safety lights.【文章大意】本文是一篇广告应用文。