北京化工大学考博英语真题及精解

合集下载

北京化工大学考博英语应该怎样复习

北京化工大学考博英语应该怎样复习考博要不要重视单词的背诵呢?有很多同学说为什么要花大力气去背单词呢?我四、六级成绩都在550分左右，我也没刻意去背单词呀。

对，的确存在这样的例子，但是考博英语和四、六级是不同类型的考试，咱们不能把应对四、六级考试的策略强加在考博上，否则你会犯“一刀切”错误，会败得很惨。

实践证明考博背单词这个阶段是不可逾越的。

需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

一、背单词时要注意以下几方面：第一：释义。

在第一次背单词时，切不可对自己太苛刻，要求自己把词汇书中视力所及的，面面俱到，统统记在脑子里。

我们说那样是不可能的，如果你硬要求自己那样去做，结果只有一种，很可能使你自己感到挫败感，甚至有想放弃的想法。

有的同学说我不都看了，我心里不放心。

单词复习是长期性、循环性的过程，就是在基础阶段也要把大纲词汇以不同形式过3、4遍，所以同学们应该放心，只要你按照老师的要求去做，在临考前大纲要求你掌握的单词你都会复习到的。

第一遍背单词时，你只要把一个单词的基本释义记住就可以了，切忌不可贪多，建议学生去听海天的宫老师的英语课，在课上，宫老师会告诉学生单词的追加释义，即：考博考到的释义。

而且，宫老师还会以不同的形式去测试学生对单词的掌握情况。

第二，发音。

在非英语专业学生当中往往会出现这样一种现象，单词会写但不会读。

其实读写是不分家的，一个单词你都会写了，怎么还不会读呢?按照正常的记忆规则，应该是按照发音规律先会读，然后才能顺利地把单词写出来。

手捧一种单词书去背，很容易使人犯困，如果能顺利地掌握单词的发音，我们就能脱离课本，通过听力背单词。

无论你以何种姿势：躺、卧、站、跑、跳，你都能去记单词。

通过听力背单词，被大多数同学所喜爱，但是前提条件是你得掌握单词的发音，否则这个环节你就没办法进行了。

平时注意发音，考博复试时，你就不会因怕单词读错感到窘迫，而不敢张口了。

北京化工大学考博英语真题及精解

北京化工大学考博英语真题及精解1.Ten years later,that man was_______from prison.A.shutB.releasedC.penetratedD.elected2.I_______you’ve decided against taking my advice.A.expressB.declareC.assumeD.exclude3.I wrote to my aunt last night.I couldn’t_______it any longer.A.delayB.replyC.relyD.opposite4.I imagine I’ll_______some friends instead of going to the movies.A.envyB.interestC.entertainD.courage5.A________thing happened to me last night.A.sakeB.peculiarC.baggageD.average6.It was a terrible_______and I won’t forget it.A.shockB.vesselC.royalD.evidence7.Mary is always_______when she doesn’t get any mail.A.affectedB.dissedC.plainD.disturbed8.Each member has a chance to_______his argument in the conference.A.presentB.recallC.stockD.council Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.9.I wish you would give me a more detailed_______of you trip.A.accountB.advanceC.accuseD.count10.What time is the mail_______on Saturday?A.objectedB.outletC.deliveredD.starved11.What’s the price of that_______of potatoes?A.begB.pigC.pintD.sack12.You don’t have to pay any_______on personal belongings.A.priceB.dutyC.expenseD.elevator13.Mary is too weak to_______the piano across the room.A.applyB.appealC.attractD.drag14.I was crossing the street and was almost_______by car.A.attackedB.dickedC.hitD.held15.Do you have anything to_______for customs?A.showB.declareC.examD.check16.He worked hard this week,but_______very little.A.presentedB.obeyedposedD.accomplished17.Will you accept my_______?A.sympathyB.syntheticC.satelliteD.saddle18.In general,my reaction is that we should_______carefully.A.proceedB.paceC.paleD.pan19.Along the northern coast there are many deep_______.A.diversB.harborsC.batsD.bars20.Nobody knows who will be the_______of this city.A.mayorB.inhabitantC.dashD.bow21.Food_______is a big industry in this area.A.projectingB.promisingC.processingD.president22.We never_______that John would become a doctor.A.respectedB.wonderedC.suspectedD.estimated23.Don’t be too_______on your children.They are still too young.A.shineB.internalC.copperD.severe24.Greater efforts are needed before we can_______our goal.A.dozenB.attainC.avenueD.reward25.Eggs are_______according to size.A.passedB.judgedC.gradedD.chained26.He worked in our university as a football_______for nearly five years.A.clerkB.grainC.coachD.couch27.The_______in the river has to be rebuilt.A.courtB.cousinC.damD.damp28.He designed an experiment in order to_______his theory.A.demonstrateB.proofC.defenseD.grasp29.Heavy taxed are_______on wines imported from the other countries.A.imposedB.trgisteredC.splashedD.thundered30.I would like to visit you and_______our friendship but in fact I can not come.A.rentB.renewC.mouseD.spot31.This factory is planning to build a new_______line this year.A.resembleB.assemblyC.productiveD.assess32.Meat_______much more easily than vegetables.A.losesB.numerousC.weavesD.decays33.Dr.Smith is_______in his research and does not know anything about politics.A.shutB.typedC.defeatedD.absorbed34.He said he would_______me to Mr.Li but he didn’t.mentB.suggestmandD.recommend35.A magnificent monument has been_______in Tian An Men Square in honor of the people’s heroes.A.enviedB.erectedC.createdD.curved36.In this kind of hotel,there are no_______rooms.A.luxuryB.marvelousC.occasionalD.sulphur37.Nothing can_______me to leave my own country.A.verseB.hayC.temptD.attempt38.Nobody in the class can_______him of his mistake.A.believeB.admitC.thirstD.convince39.This tree is_______for its beautiful flowers.A.hookedB.stemmedC.cultivatedD.parceled40.He_______his success to the good education he has received.A.distributesB.contributesC.attributesD.owns41.Professor Smith seldom_______the class on time.A.dismissesB.nervousC.misleadsD.regrets42.Mr.Wang_______his wife and children when he went to the United States.A.prescribedB.delayedC.decreasedD.deserted43.He_______a lot of time in trying to develop the education system in this area.A.involvedB.investigatedC.investedD.interfered44.They spent many years_______for oil in this small island.A.exploringB.explodingC.exposingD.exploiting45.We can’t_______the fact that we are still a developing country.A.ignoreB.neglectC.imagineD.impress46.Can you_______the man who robbed you of your watch?A.illustrateB.exhibitC.damageD.identify47.Many children in developing countries can not go to school,because of_______A.propertyB.swordC.traceD.poverty48.What is your_______to his coming?A.altitudeB.attitudeC.attributeD.aspect49.He_______into the water and rescued the little girl.A.insertedB.slopedC.heapedD.dived50.You may_______of the extra books in our department library.A.depositB.encloseC.fadeD.dispose答案：1.B2.C3.A4.C5.B6.A7.D8.A9.A10.C11.D12.B13.D14.C15.B 16.D17.A18.A19.B20.A21.C22.C23.D24.B25.C26.C27.C28.A 29.A30.B31.B32.D33.D34.D35.B36.A37.C38.D39.C40.C41.A42.D43.C44.A45.A46.D47.D48.B49.D50.D本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析电子教案

Part Two：Structure and Written Expression（20%）Directions：For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.11．Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question thata wide solution.A．admits of B. requires of C. needs of D.seeks for12．In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.A．accustomed to split and dividedB．accustomed to splitting and dividingC．accustomed to split and dividingD．accustomed to splitting and divided13．Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.A. at itselfB. as itselfC. on itselfD. in itself14．us earlier, your request to the full.A.You have contacted…we could comply withB.Had you contacted…we could have complied withC.You had contacted…could we have complied withD.Have you contacted…we could comply with15．The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy.A. discardB. discreetC. discordD. disgorge16. Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious theirpsychology. No one can shield himself such an influence.A. on…by…atB. by…for…inC. from…in…onD. through…with…from17. The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create.A. boreB. boredC. boredomD. bordom18. Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.A. lackedB. lackingC. for lack ofD. lack of19. There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine.A. that have toB. have toC. having toD. has to20. The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it.A. none the worseB. none the betterC. never worseD. never better21. As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color.A. cried out for…cried out forB. cry out for…cry out forC. had cried out for…cried out forD. had cried out for…cry out for22. While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very .A. triggerB. meagerC. vigorD. linger23. Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology.A. as much the Africans are detribalizedB. the Africans are much being detribalizedC. as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD. as much as the Africans are detribalized24. We admire his courage and self-confidence.A. can butB. cannot onlyC. cannot butD. can only but25. In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed tonotice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical.A. inundatingB. imitatingC. immolatingD. insulating26. you promise you will work hard, support you to college.A. If only…will IB. Only…I willC. Only if…will ID. Only if…I will27. It is one of the ironies of Western man that he has never felt invention as a threat to his way of life.A. any concern withB. any concern aboutC. any concern inD. any concern at28. One room schools, with all subjects being taught to all grades at the same time, simplywhen better transportation permits specialized spaces and specialized teaching.A. resolvedB. absolvedC. dissolvedD. solved29. People are living longer and not saving enough, which means they will either have to worklonger, live less in retirement or bailed by the government.A. in…for…upB. for…on…outC. by…in…onD. on…for…out30. The country s deficit that year to a record 1698 billion dollarsA. soaredB. souredC. soredD. sourcedPart Three: Close Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose ONE best word for each numbered blank. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.2009 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade31 was 2008, and before that 2007 and 2006. In fact, industry revenues have been 32 for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling.Maybe that’s because illegal downloads are so easy. People have been 33 intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly 34 copies. These days, high-quality copies are 35 . According to the Pew Internet project, people use file-sharing software more often than they do iTunes and other legal shops.I’d like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice won’t do much harm. But even as I’ve heard over the past decade that things weren’t 36 bad, that the music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each year’s numbers have been worse. Maybe it’s time to admit that we may never find a way to 37 consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid.38 on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesn’t always 39 that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract.“The nature of intellectual property,”he wrote, “makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic 40 that keep(s) us from taking each other’s things.”31. A. As B. Same C. Thus D. So32. A. stagnating B. declining C. increasing D. stultifying33. A. taking B. robbing C. stealing D. pirating34. A. upgraded B. inferior C. ineffective D. preferable35. A. numerous B. ubiquitous C. accessible D. effortless36. A. so B. this C. that D. much37. A. satisfy B. help C. reconcile D. equate38. A. Based B. Capitalizing C. Reflecting D. Drawing39. A. match up with B. fill in C. fit into D. set up40. A. constraints B. consciousness C. norm D. etiquettePart IV: Reading Comprehension(20%)Directions: Each of the following four passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question or unfinished statement, four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneCancer has always been with us, but not always in the same way. Its care and management have differed over time, of course, but so, too, have its identity, visibility, and meanings. Pick up the thread of history at its most distant end and you have cancer the crab—so named either because of the ramifying venous processes spreading out from a tumor or because its pain is like the pinch of a crab’s claw. Premodern cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometimes breaks through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-smelling discharges. The ancient Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeks made a distinction between benign tumors (oncos) and malignant ones (carcinos). In the second century A．D．, Galen reckoned that the cause was systemic, an excess of melancholy or black bile, one of the body’s four “humors,”brought on by bad diet and environmental circumstances. Ancient medical practitioners sometimes cut tumors out, but the prognosis was known to be grim. Describing tumors of the breast, an Egyptian papyrus from about 1600 B．C．concluded: “There is no treatment.”The experience of cancer has always been terrible, but, until modern times, its mark on the culture has been light. In the past, fear coagulated around other ways of dying: infectious and epidemic diseases (plague, smallpox, cholera, typhus, typhoid fever); “apoplexies”(what we now call strokes and heart attacks); and, most notably in the nineteenth century, “consumption”(tuberculosis). The agonizing manner of cancer death was dreaded, but that fear was not centrally situated in the public mind—as it now is. This is one reason that the medical historian Roy Porter wrote that cancer is “the modern disease par excellence,”and that Mukherjee calls it “the quintessential product of modernity.”At one time, it was thought that cancer was a “disease of civilization,” belonging to much the same causal domain as “neurasthenia” and diabetes, the former a nervous weakness belie ved to be brought about by the stress of modern life and the latter a condition produced by bad diet and indolence. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some physicians attributed cancer—notably of the breast and the ovaries—to psychological and behavioral causes. William Buchan’s wildly popular eighteenth-century text “Domestic Medicine”judged that cancers might be caused by “excessive fear, grief, religious melancholy.”In the nineteenth century, reference was repeatedly made to a “cancer personality,”and, in some versions, specifically to sexual repression. As Susan Sontag observed, cancer was considered shameful, not to be mentioned, even obscene. Among the Romantics and the Victorians, suffering and dying from tuberculosis might be considered a badge of refinement; cancer death was nothing of the sort. “It seems unimaginable,”Sontag wrote, “to aestheticize”cancer.41. According to the passage, the ancient Egyptians .A. called cancer the crabB. were able to distinguish benign tumors and malignant onesC. found out the cause of cancerD. knew about a lot of malignant tumors42. Which of the following statements about the cancers of the past is best supported by the passage?A. Ancient people did not live long enough to become prone to cancerB. In the past, people did not fear cancerC. Cancer death might be considered a badge of refinementD. Some physicians believed that one s own behavioral mode could lead to cancer43. Which of the following is the reason for cancer to be called “the modern disease”?A. Modern cancer care is very effectiveB. There is a lot more cancer nowC. People understand cancer in radically new ways nowD. There is a sharp increase in mortality in modern cancer world44.“Neurasthenia”and diabetes are mentioned because .A. they are as fatal as cancerB. they were considered to be “disease of civilization”C. people dread them very muchD.they are brought by the high pressure of modern life45. As suggested by the passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?A. The care and management of cancer have development over timeB. The cultural significance of cancer shifts in different timesC. Cancer s identity has never changedD. Cancer is the price paid for modern lifePassage TwoIf you happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U．S．economy had become “very distorted.”In the wake of the recession, this guest explained, high-income individuals, large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “significant recovery”; the rest of the economy, by contrast—including small businesses and “a very significant amount of the labor force”—was stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single economy at all, but rather “fundamentally two separate types of economy,”increasingly distinct and divergent.This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique: drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left. (The idea of “two Americas”was a central theme of John Edwards’s 2004 and 2008 presidential runs.) What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan: iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and (at least until recently) the nation’s foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong.This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2005 report to investors, for instance, three analysts at Citigroup advised that “the World is dividing into two blocs—the Plutonomy and the rest”.In a plutonomy there is no such animal as “the U．S．consumer”or “the UK consumer”, or indeed “the Russian consumer”. There are rich consumers, few in number, but disproportionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the “non-rich”, the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie.Before the recession, it was relatively easy to ignore this concentration of wealth among an elite few. The wondrous inventions of the modern economy—Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventions—particularly the explosion of subprime credit—helped mask the rise of income inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant.But the financial crisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multi-billion-dollar bailout and Wall Street’s swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other elites rigging the game for their own benefit. And this, in turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable-fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narrowly self interested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone outside their own rarefied economic bubble.46. According to the passage, the U．S．economy .A. fares quite wellB. has completely recovered from the economic recessionC. has its own problemsD. is lagging behind other industrial economies47. Which of the following statement about today’s super-elite would the passage support?A. Today’s plutocrats are the hereditary eliteB. Today’s super-rich are increasingly a nation unto themselvesC. They are the deserving winners of a tough economic competitionD. They are worried about the social and political consequences of rising income inequality48. What can be said of modern technological innovations?A. They have lifted many people into the middle class.B. They have narrowed the gap between the rich and the non-rich.C. They have led to a rise of income inequality.D. They have benefited the general public.49. The author seems to suggest that the financial crisis and its aftermath .A. have compromised the rich with the non-richB. have enriched the plutocratic eliteC. have put Americans on the alert for too much power the rich possessD. have enlarged the gap between the rich and non-rich50. The primary purpose of the passage is to .A. present the financial imbalance in the U．S．B. display sympathy for the working classC. criticize the super elite of the Unite StatesD. appreciate the merits of the super rich in the U．S．Passage ThreeCharles Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is credited with sparking evolution’s revolution in scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him. It was understanding the idea’s significance and selling it to the public that made Darwin great, according to the Arnold Arboretum’s new director.William Friedman, the Arnold Professor of Organism and Evolutionary Biology who took over as arboretum director Ja n．1, has studied Darwin’s writings as well as those of his predecessors and contemporaries. While Darwin is widely credited as the father of evolution, Friedman said the “historical sketch”that Darwin attached to later printings of his masterpiece was intended to mollify those who demanded credit for their own earlier ideas.The historical sketch grew with each subsequent printing, Friedman told an audience Monday (Ja n．10), until, by the 6th edition, 34 authors were mentioned in it. Scholars now believe that somewhere between 50 and 60 authors had beaten Darwin in their writings about evolution Included was Darwin’s grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, a physician who irritated clergymen with his insistence that life arose from lower forms, specifically mollusks.Friedman’s talk, “A Darwinian Look at Darwin’s Evolutionist Ancestors,”took place at the arboretum’s Hunnewell Building and was the first in a new Director’s Lecture Series.Though others had clearly pondered evolution before Darwin, he wasn’t without originality. Friedman said that Darwin’s thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolution was shared by few, most prominently Alfred Wallace, whose writing on the subject after years in the field spurred Darwin’s writing of “On the Origin of Species.”Although the book runs more than 400 pages, Friedman said it was never the book on evolution and natural selection that Darwin intended. In 1856, three years before the book was published, he began work on a detailed tome on natural selection that wouldn’t see publication until 1975.The seminal event in creating “On the Origin of Species”occurred in 1858, when Wallace wrote Darwin detailing Wallace’s ideas of evolution by natural selection. The arrival of Wallace’s ideas galvanized Darwin into writing “On the Origin of Species”as an “abstract”of the ideas he was painstakingly laying out in the larger work.This was a lucky break for Darwin, because it forced him to write his ideas in plain language, which led to a book that was not only revolutionary, despite those who’d tread similar ground before, but that was also very readable.Though others thought about evolution before Darwin, scientific discovery requires more than just an idea. In addition to the concept, discovery requires the understanding of the significance of the idea, something some of the earlier authors clearly did not have—such as the arborist who buried his thoughts on natural selection in the appendix of a book on naval timber. Lastly, scientific discovery demands the ability to convince others of the correctness of an idea. Darwin, through “On the Origin of Species,”was the only thinker of the time who had all three of those traits, Friedman said.“Darwin had the ability to convince others of the correctness of the idea,” Friedman said, adding that even Wallace, whose claim to new thinking on evolution and natural selection was stronger than all the others, paid homage to Darwin by titling his 1889 book on the subject, “Darwinism.”51. According to William Friedman, Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is great in that.A. it was the most studied by later scientistsB. it had significant ideas about evolutionC. it was the first to talk about evolutionD. it was well received by the public52. Friedman believes that Darwin attached a “historical sketch”to later printings of his book in an attempt to .A. credit the ideas about evolution before hisB. claim himself as the father of evolutionC. introduce his grandfather to the readerD. summarize his predecessors work53. In Friedman s view, Darwin s originality lies in .A. his thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolutionB. his sharing ideas about evolution with his contemporariesC. the way he wrote “On the Origin of Species”D. the way he lectured on the ideas of evolution54. We have learned that at first Darwin intended to write his idea in .A. a much larger bookB. a 400page bookC. scientific termsD. plain language55. Scientific discovery requires all the following Expect .A. coming up with a new ideaB. understanding the significance of the ideaC. making claims to the idea by writing booksD. convincing others of the correctness of the idesPassage FourMany adults may think they are getting enough shut-eye, but in a major sleep study almost 80 percent of respondents admitted to not getting their prescribed amount of nightly rest. So, what exactly is the right amount of sleep? Research shows that adults need an average of seven to nine hours of sleep a night for optimal functionality. Read on to see just how much of an impact moderate sleep deprivation can have on your mind and body.By getting less than six hours of sleep a night, you could be putting yourself at risk of high blood pressure. When you sleep, your heart gets a break and is able to slow down for a significant period of time. But cutting back on sleep means your heart has to work overtime without its allotted break. In constantly doing so, your body must accommodate to its new conditions and elevate your overall daily blood pressure. And the heart isn’t the only organ that is overtaxed by a lack of sleeps. The less sleep you get, the less time the brain has to regulate stress hormones, and over time, sleep deprivation could permanently hinder the brain’s ability to regulate these hormones, leading to elevated blood pressure.We all hang around in bed during our bouts of illness. But did you know that skipping out on the bed rest can increase your risk of getting sick? Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but researchers have also found a direct correlation between “modest”sleep deprivation—less than six hours—and reduced immune response. So try to toughen up your immune system by getting at least seven hours of sleep a night, and maintaining a healthy diet. You’ll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug comes around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days.During deep REM sleep, your muscles (except those in the eyes) are essentially immobilized in order to keep you from acting out on your dreams. Unfortunately, this effort your body makes to keep you safe while dreaming can sometimes backfire,resulting in sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immobilizing state. This can be quite a frightening sensation because, while your mind is slowly regaining consciousness, it has no control over your body, leaving some with a feeling of powerlessness, fear and panic. Most people experience this eerie phenomena at least once in their lives, but those who are sleep deprived are more likely to have panicked episodes of sleep paralysis that are usually accompanied by hallucinations, as well.For a second, imagine all of your memories are erased; every birthday, summer vacation, even what you did yesterday afternoon is completely lost, because you have no recollection of them. It’s a chilling thought, but that is what a life without sleep would be like. Sleep is essential to the cognitive functions of the brain, and without it, our ability to consolidate memories, learn daily tasks, and make decisions is impaired by a large degree. Research has revealed that REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile”memories the brain creates throughout the day to that they can be easily organized and stored in the mind’s long-term cache.56. According to the passage, what is the meaning of “sleep deprivation”?A. To sleep for an average period of time.B. To sleep deeply without dreaming.C. To sleep less than needed.D. To sleep modestly.57. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. When everyone else gets a fever, those with sleep deprivation will be abele to sleep longer.B. When everyone else gets a fever, those who usually have adequate sleep will be alright.C. Only modest sleep deprivation could weaken the immune system.D. Prolonged sleep deprivation will not have impact on the immune system.58. Why is there the so-called “sleep paralysis”?A. It occurs when you are unable to wake up from dreams while you are sleeping.B. It occurs when you brain immobilizes your body in order to keep you from dreaming.C. Because you are usually too frightened to move your body when waking up from deep REM sleep.D. Because your body, immobilized when dreaming, may still be unable to move even when your brain is waking up.59.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?A. Memories are part of the cognitive function of the brain.B. Memories created during the daytime are usually fragile and impaired.C. You are likely to lose your memories of yesterday after a night’s sleep.D. Long term memory cannot be formed without dream-sleep.60. What effects of sleep deprivation on human mind and body are discussed in this passage?A. High blood pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.B. Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long term memory.C. Blood pressure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory.D. High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.Part V: Proofreading (15%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 15 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words ( in brackets )immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answer on the Answer Sheet (2).Examples:eg. 1(61) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (61) begun beganeg. 2(62) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up .Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (62) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3(63) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (63)notWal-Mart announced Thursday afternoon that it would introduce a program nationwide called (61) “Pick Up Today”that allows customers to submit orders online and pick up their items few hours later in their local store. (62) The move is not revolutionary—Sears and Nordstrom, as instance, already have similar programs.(63) Retailers say that tying online and in-store inventory together lets them to sell more products. (64) Nordstrom recently combined its inventory so that if the online stockroom is out of a jacket, a store that has it can ship to the Web customer. (65) Encourage customers to retrieve items they have ordered online in a store increases visits to the stores, which usually increases sales. (66) Best Buy offers both store pickup and “ship to store,”where items are shipped free from a local store. Ace Hardware, J．C．Penney and Wal-Mart itself are among the others offering “ship to store”programs.In Wal-Mart’s program, (67) that is expected to be nationwide by June, customers can select from among 40,000 items online. (68) They will send a text message or e-mail alerting them when the order is ready, which usually takes about four hours.(69) “Not only we see it as a nice convenience for customers, but we also saw it as a way to drive incremental traffic to the stores, and incremental sales,”said Steve Nave, senior vice president and general manager of Walmar t．Com.(70) The program will include about 40000 items likewise electronics, toys, home décor and sporting goods. (71) As of now, it does not include groceries, though M r．Nave did dismiss that possibility.(72) “We’re not ready to talk today about everything that’s going on in grocery,”he said“What we’ve tried to do is (73) focus on those categories where customers are most likely to be willing to make the purchase after they touch it or look at it.(74) This is a convenient play, trying to figure out what are the things that are going to drive more customers into the stores.”Wal-Mart also announced that (75) it was shortened the time customers would have to wait for ship-to-store items, to four to seven days, from seven to 10 days.Part VI: Writing (15%)Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 words. Write it nearly on the Answer Sheet (2).In China, minimum wage becomes higher in many places. But people disagree over its benefits and drawbacks. Supporters say it increases the worker’s standard of living, while opponents say it increase unemployment. What do you think?Part II Structure and Written Expression（20%）11.【A】A项admits of“容许，有……的可能”；B项requires of“要求，要求得到”；C项needs of“满足需要”；D项seeks for“寻找，追求，探索”。

北京化工大学试题及答案

北京化工大学试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 北京化工大学位于我国的哪个城市？A. 上海B. 北京C. 广州D. 深圳答案：B2. 北京化工大学成立于哪一年？A. 1958年B. 1960年C. 1970年D. 1980年答案：A3. 下列哪个不是北京化工大学的学院？A. 化学工程学院B. 信息科学与技术学院C. 医学院D. 材料科学与工程学院答案：C4. 北京化工大学的主要教学语言是什么？A. 英语B. 法语C. 汉语D. 德语答案：C5. 北京化工大学是否是“211工程”和“985工程”的成员？A. 是B. 否答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. 北京化工大学是中华人民共和国教育部直属的全国重点大学，也是国家“____”和“____”重点建设的大学。

答案：211工程，985工程2. 北京化工大学的主要校区位于北京市的____区。

答案：朝阳区3. 北京化工大学在____年被批准为全国重点大学。

答案：1960年4. 北京化工大学拥有的国家重点学科数量为____个。

答案：85. 北京化工大学图书馆藏书量超过____万册。

答案：200三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 请简述北京化工大学的校训。

答案：团结、勤奋、求实、创新。

2. 北京化工大学在哪些领域有显著的科研成就？答案：北京化工大学在材料科学、化学工程与技术、生物医学工程等领域有显著的科研成就。

3. 北京化工大学有哪些国际合作项目？答案：北京化工大学与多个国家和地区的高校和研究机构建立了合作关系，开展了包括学生交换、联合研究、学术会议等多种国际合作项目。

4. 北京化工大学提供哪些类型的奖学金？答案：北京化工大学提供国家奖学金、校级奖学金、企业奖学金等多种类型的奖学金，以鼓励学生在学术和科研方面取得优异成绩。

四、论述题（每题10分，共20分）1. 论述北京化工大学在培养学生创新能力方面采取了哪些措施。

答案：北京化工大学在培养学生创新能力方面采取了以下措施：设立创新实验室、开展创新课程、举办创新竞赛、鼓励学生参与科研项目等。

北京化工大学学位英语考试真题

北京化工大学学位英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Beijing University of Chemical Technology English Proficiency Test - A Harrowing ExperienceYou know that feeling of dread and anxiety that just washes over you before a major exam? That was me last semester as I prepared for the infamous Beijing University of Chemical Technology English Proficiency Test that all graduate students must pass to get their Master's degree. I had heard the horror stories from older students about how brutally difficult it was, but I tried to stay positive and study as hard as I could.The first section of the test was listening comprehension. I thought I was relatively well-prepared after doing hundreds of practice questions. But when those headphones went on and the test began, it was like they recruited the world's fastest auctioneers to record the audio passages. I was frantically scribbling notes, trying to catch every word, while the narrators blazed through extremely technical terminology about polymer synthesis and catalytic processes at a blistering pace. By the timeeach passage ended, my hand was cramped and I could barely decipher my scratch paper chicken scratches. Needless to say, I struggled mightily on that section.Next up was reading comprehension, which was my personal house of horrors. Rather than straightforward articles, the test served up excruciatingly dense academic journal pieces loaded with indecipherable jargon about biomass pyrolysis kinetics and computational fluid dynamics modeling of reactive distillation columns. I'm fairly certain that well over half the vocabulary was new to me. The questions were not the typical "what was the main idea" types, but ruthlessly specific inquiries about obscure data points buried in th8-point font tables or linguistic particulars used in one single sentence. I'm quite confident my score in that section could have doubled as my body temperature while taking it.The writing section allowed a brief respite from the onslaught, until I was confronted with the prompts which seemed to have been conceived andwritten by mischievous BUCT sadists. One prompt instructed me to summarize, compare, and analyze several viewpoints from a multi-page text discussing the civil and environmental impacts of developing shale gas reserves through hydraulic fracturing. Another gleefully askedme to weigh the pros and cons of teaching controversial scientific topics like evolution and climate change in public school science curricula. Basically, they picked topics requiring highly technical background knowledge that the vast majority of humanities graduates simply don't possess. I typed and typed, hemorrhaging precious time while trying to contort my limited understanding into coherent, substantive analysis.Finally, after over three hours of mental rapids, physical fatigue had set in, and I could feel my cognitive stamina waning for that final sprint, the speaking section. I had to give presentations and engage in roleplay activities judged by my diction, coherence, vocabulary, grammar, and overall fluency. Things started okay, until one particularly sadistic judge asked me to compare and contrast the toxicology impacts of various metallic nanoparticles used in cleantech applications like photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical water splitting. By this point, my brain capacity was all but drained, and all I could muster in response was a feeble "Umm... nanoparticles of metals can be toxic if exposure occurs... but the specifics depend on the material and uh... exposure pathways..." Needless to say, it was a rather ingloriousculmination.In the aftermath, I awaited the results with no small amount of trepidation. When my scores finally arrived, it was a narrative of pain - I had tragically failed the listening, reading, and speaking sections while just barely squeaking by on the writing portion. Crushed, I knew I had no choice but to endure this torturous rite of passage once more in the coming semester if I wanted to obtain that elusive Master's diploma.So there you have it, the unvarnished tale of the BUCT English Proficiency Exam straight from the trenches. For any prospective students out there, learn from my tribulations. Study, study, study, and above all, make peace with whatever higher power you believe in. You'll need fortitude, perseverance, and quite possibly divine intervention to survive this gauntlet. I know I'll be calling in all the assistance I can muster for my secondgo-around. Wish me luck!篇2The Beijing University of Chemical Technology English Proficiency TestI'll never forget the day I took the English proficiency exam required to graduate from Beijing University of ChemicalTechnology. It was a sunny spring Saturday, but my nerves had me feeling pretty cloudy as I entered the exam hall that morning.My university has very high standards when it comes to English ability for soon-to-be graduates. The test covers reading, writing, listening, and speaking at an advanced level. Passing it is mandatory to get your degree. No pressure, right?The written portion began first. We had two hours to complete the reading comprehension section and essay writing task. The reading passages were no joke - they covered complex topics like organic chemistry processes, polymer synthesis, and environmental regulations. The vocabulary was incredibly technical and specialized.I tried my best to analyze the details and nuances, showing my comprehension through the accompanying multiple choice questions. But I have to admit, some of the scientific jargon had me scratching my head. It made me wish I had spent more late nights in the library delving into my chemistry textbooks written in English!Then it was time for the dreaded essay. We could choose between two prompts about chemistry-related issues. I went with the one about innovations in green technology and renewable energy sources. Admittedly, this topic area wasn't mystrongest suit. But I did my best to construct a logical,well-supported argument using academic language and vocabulary I had practiced.After a short break, we regrouped for the listening section. We had to watch lectures and conversations about subject matter ranging from lab safety protocols to the history of the periodic table. The speakers talked so fast and used so many idioms! I furiously took notes, trying to identify key details to answer the comprehension questions.The last part was the speaking test, which had us going one-by-one to record responses to a series of prompts. I had to describe a complex scientific diagram, discuss an ethical dilemma, and propose a research idea - all while a proctor timed me with a stopwatch. My tongue felt tied at certain points as I grasped for the right technical terms in English. Presenting coherent thoughts under that pressure was really tough.When I finally turned in my exam materials, I felt simultaneously relieved and utterly drained. My brain was mush after wrestling with such high-level English for hours on end. I couldn't even decipher whether I had done well or not.About a month later, my score report came back: I had passed! While not an amazing score, it was enough to meet theminimum requirement. I could finally walk across that stage at graduation after so much hard work.Reflecting on the experience, I realize how valuable it was to be held to such a high English standard. As chemists, we don't operate in an isolated environment. Collaborating with international colleagues, comprehending academic literature, and presenting at global conferences requires excellent English abilities. Those skills will be critical as I move into my career.The Beijing University of Chemical Technology English Proficiency Test was undoubtedly one of the biggest academic challenges I faced. But I'm grateful for how it pushed me out of my comfort zone and motivated me to take my English to an advanced, professional level. Those skills will continue benefiting me for life after university.Maybe I'll even go on to publish my own chemistry research papers and textbooks someday - all in English, of course! That would be a true full-circle moment after the trials of this formidable exam. For now, I'll just revel in the satisfaction of meeting this crucial milestone and being fluently bilingual.篇3A Grueling Battle: My Experience with the BUCT English Proficiency ExamAs a student at the prestigious Beijing University of Chemical Technology, one of the most daunting challenges we face is the mandatory English Proficiency Exam. This exam is no mere formality – it is a true test of our linguistic abilities, designed to separate the wheat from the chaff, the English savants from the struggling learners.I still vividly remember the day when the exam date was announced. A collective groan echoed through the hallways, as if we had all been sentenced to a linguistic purgatory. The weight of the exam's importance was palpable, and the pressure to perform well was immense. After all, our futures depended heavily on this single assessment.The weeks leading up to the exam were a whirlwind of intense preparation. Study groups were formed, practice tests were devoured, and vocabularies were meticulously expanded. The campus library became a second home, with students huddled over tomes of English grammar and literary analysis, their brows furrowed in concentration.As the dreaded day approached, the atmosphere on campus grew increasingly tense. Sleep became a luxury, and caffeinebecame our closest ally. We found ourselves engaging in heated debates over the finer points of English syntax, as if our very lives depended on mastering the intricacies of the subjunctive mood.Finally, the day of reckoning arrived, and we found ourselves herded into the examination hall like lambs to the slaughter. The air was thick with anticipation and anxiety, as we took our assigned seats and stared down at the ominous test booklets before us.The first section was a marathon of reading comprehension, with passages that seemed to have been plucked from the most obscure and convoluted academic journals. As I waded through the dense thicket of technical jargon and esoteric references, I couldn't help but wonder if the exam creators had a sadistic streak.Next came the writing portion, where we were tasked with crafting a coherent and persuasive essay on a topic that seemed to have been deliberately chosen for its obscurity. I still shudder at the memory of attempting to weave together a compelling argument about the socio-economic implications of artisanal cheese production in rural Kyrgyzstan.The listening section was a true test of endurance, as we strained to decipher the heavily accented voices emanating fromthe speakers. It was as if the recordings had been purposefully distorted to mimic the garbled transmissions of a deep-space probe.Finally, the speaking portion arrived, where we were ushered into individual rooms and subjected to a barrage of probing questions from a panel of stern-faced examiners. It was an exercise in maintaining composure while feeling like a defendant on trial for linguistic crimes.As the exam drew to a close, we emerged from the examination hall like battle-weary soldiers, our spirits battered but our resolve intact. The camaraderie among us was palpable, as we shared tales of the linguistic horrors we had endured and commiserated over our collective suffering.In the weeks that followed, we anxiously awaited the results, our futures hanging in the balance. When the scores were finally released, there were tears of joy and anguish, as some celebrated their hard-earned triumphs while others mourned their perceived failures.Looking back on that experience, I can't help but feel a sense of pride and accomplishment. The BUCT English Proficiency Exam was a true baptism by fire, a crucible that forged us into stronger, more resilient individuals. It taught us that success isnot just about mastering a language, but about cultivating a deep reserves of perseverance and determination.To my fellow students who still have this challenge ahead of them, I offer these words of wisdom: embrace the struggle, for it is through adversity that we grow. Approach the exam not with fear, but with a sense of curiosity and a hunger for knowledge. And remember, even in the darkest moments, when the English language seems like an impenetrable fortress, there is always a glimmer of hope – a ray of linguistic enlightenment waiting to be discovered.For those who emerge victorious, the rewards are bountiful. But even for those who fall short, the lessons learned and the character forged will serve as invaluable assets in the journey that lies ahead. The BUCT English Proficiency Exam is not just a test, but a rite of passage – a crucible that shapes us into the scholars and professionals we aspire to become.。

北京工业大学考博英语真题及其精解

北京工业大学考博英语真题及其精解1.If you have been generous to a person for a period of time, it is most likely that the person will take advantage of your generosity and trade on your“weakness”become appreciative of your kindness.A.but notB.let aloneC.rather thanD.instead of2.A poet must not write for the ages past,but for in which he lives and those which are to follow.A.oneB.thoseC.the oneD.that3.There is a delicate balance of nature many square miles of ocean and vegetation and clean air are needed to maintain only a relatively few human beings.A.whereB.in whichC.whenD.how4.There are cases new factories are being put up and beautiful old trees are going to be cut down for a new factory.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when5.Somebody in the next room must be ill,a doctor has just come out.A.becauseB.forC.in thatD.as6.He would always ignore the fact of such a contradiction in his inner thought.A.there to beB.there beingC.it beingD.there having been7.A convenient way is to set the food on a piece of aluminum oil, to the air for half an hour,and then cover it with a dish.A.let it stay openB.let it stayed openC.letting it stay openD.letting it stay opened8.They us willingly but that they happened to be short of hands, too.A.would helpB.would have helpedC.were going to helpD.must have helped9.Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we during the day.A.should have doneB.would have doneC.may have doneD.must have done10.If you are to catch a train,it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minute late.A.tooB.veryC.muchD.rather1.Crather than表示对比，在意思上前后形成对照：take advantage of your generosity…rather than become appreciative of your kindness 意为“利用你的慷慨，而不是理解你的好意”。

北京化工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析

北京化工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Directions:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.ForQuestions1-5,choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fitinto each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,whichdo not fit in any of the gaps.During the early stages of the Industrial Revolution,1）But whenfactory production got into full swing and new products,e.g.Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi processed foods,came onto the market,national advertising campaigns and brand-namingof products became necessary.Before large-scale factory production,the typical manufacturing unit had been small and adaptable and thetask of distributing and selling goods had largely been undertakenby wholesalers.The small non-specialized factory which did not relyon massive investment in machinery had been flexible enough to adaptits production according to changes in public demands.2）From the beginning of the nineteenth century until the1870s,production had steadily expanded and there had been a correspondinggrowth in retail outlets.But the depression brought on a crisis ofover-production and under-consumption―manufactured goods piled upunsold and prices and profits fell.Towards the end of the centurymany of the small industrial firms realized that they would be in abetter position to weather economic depressions and slumps if theycombined with other small businesses and widened the range of goods they produced so that all their eggs were not in one basket.They also realized that they would have to take steps to ensure that once their goods had been produced there was a market for them.This period ushered in the first phase of what economists now call'monopoly capitalism',which,roughly speaking,refers to the control of the market by a small number of giant，conglomerate enterprises.Whereas previously competitive trading had been conducted by small rival firms,after the depression the larger manufacturing units and combines relied more and more on mass advertising to promote their new range of products．A good example of the changes that occurred in manufacture and distribution at the turn of the century can be found in the soap trade. From about the1850s the market had been flooded with anonymous bars of soap,produced by hundreds of small manufacturers and distributed by wholesalers and door-to-door sellers.3）For instance,the future Lard Leverhulme decided to brand his soap by selling it in distinctive packages in order to facilitate recognition and encourage customer loyalty．Lard Leverhulme was one of the first industrialism to realize that advertisements should contain logical and considered arguments as well as eye-catching and witty slogans.4）For example,one contemporary Pears soap ad went into great detail about how the product could enhance marital bliss by cutting down the time the wifehad to spend with her arms in a bowl of frothy suds.And an ad for Cadbury's cocoa not only proclaimed its purity but also detailed other benefits:'for the infant it is a delight and a support;for the young girl,a source of healthy vigour；for the young miss in her teens a valuable aid to development…'and so on.As the writer E.S.Turner rightly points out,the advertising of this period had reached the 'stage of persuasion as distinct from proclamation or iteration'.5）[A]The leading companies develop more aggressive selling methods such as keeping contact with their customers.[B]Indeed advertise or bust seemed to be the rule of the day as bigger and more expensive campaigns were mounted and smaller firms who did not,or could not,advertise,were squeezed or bought out by the larger companies.[C]But the economic depression which lasted from1873to1894 marked a turning point between the old method of industrial organization and distribution and the new．[D]advertising was a relatively straightforward means of announcement and communication and was used mainly to promote novelties and fringe products．[E]Competition grew steadily throughout the latter half of the century and eventually the leading companies embarked on more aggressive selling methods in order to take customers away from their rivals．[F]Contemporary products also display details of the mainingredients.[G]Many advertisers followed his lead and started to include 'reason why'copy in their ads．答案及详解1.D。

北京化工大学考博英语复习备考重点

北京化工大学考博英语复习备考重点暑期复习已经过半，不知道2015的考生们复习情况如何，是不是在忙于阅读复习的过程中忽视了对单词的记忆呢?烈日酷暑，考生们在煎熬中备考着实不易。

下面，育明考博李老师为考生们总结了一个新的单词记忆方法——通过连贯的句子可把枯燥无味的单词串联起来，希望能够给考生的复习带来一捧清新的空气。

1.The ring on the spring string rings during springtime.弹簧弦上的环在春天鸣响。

2.Shut in the hut,I'm puzzled how to cut down the output of nuts.关在茅棚里,我为削减坚果的产量犯难。

3.It's better to put letters at the inlet and outlet.最好在进口和出口处标上字母.4.During this serious period,the superierrorries of questions about the supermarket.在这段严肃时间内,上级问了下级一连串有关超级市场的问题。

5.I tuned the tone of the stone phone with a bone.我用骨头调整了石质耳机的音调.6.On Revenue avenue,the grave traveler jumped the gravestone bravely.在税收大道上,严肃的旅行者勇敢地跳过墓碑.7.The slave safely saved the sharp shavers in a cave nearby the cafeteria.奴隶将锋利的剃刀安全地保存在自助餐厅附近的洞穴里.8.Most hosts are hostile to the foremost ghost hostage almost to the utmost.大多数主人对最前面的幽灵人质的敌对态度几乎到了极顶.9.The mapper trapped in the gap tapped the tap wrapper with strap.陷在缝中的制图者用皮带轻击塞子套.10.The scout with shoulder-straps shouted on the outermost route as a routine.戴肩章的侦察员照例在最外围的路线上叫喊.11.The reproached coach unloaded the loaves to the approachable roadside.遭到责备的教练把面包卸到可接近的路旁.12.The news about the broadened breadth is broadcast abroad.宽度加宽的消息被广播到国外.13.The motive of the emotional movie is to move the removed men.那部情感电影的动机在于感动被开除的人。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。