2019-2020学年 上海市上师大附中高一上英语期中考试英语试卷

II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20+30)Section ADirection: After reading the passage below. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct(A)My parents moved from New Jersey to Germany when I was a child. After a few weeks of playing with neighbors of the same age. I was speaking fluent German. That' s probably not an option if you want to learn a language ____21____ your next international trip. However, there are some new ways to learn key words and phrases before your departure.____22____ playground immersion(沉浸), the best way to learn a language used to be in a classroom. Today, there are many more options. With the help of technology, you can easily get a linguistic edge, and perhaps even a cultural one, too.The last few years ____23____ (see) a lot of language-learning software hitting the market .These programs, many of ____24____ have popular mobile apps, help beginners learn language basics.Take Memrise for example. This language-learning platform uses flashcards(教学卡片) as memory aids. Memrise offers instruction in 25 languages, and its basic level is free, ____25____ some advanced features available at $4.99 per month.There are so many language apps, all claiming to be the best, ____26___ there are even sites to help you sort if out. You can find detailed reports on these programs on Compare Language Apps: ____27____ independent testing site run by Professor Roumen Vesselinov at Queens College in New York.I’ve had access to most of these apps over the years. However, I found that they were ____28____ too complicated or too time-consuming to help me learn a language before an international trip. Perhaps my experience of acquiring a language early in life and then trying to acquire ____29____ in a classroom(three years of French, which didn’t really stick)also contributed to my skepticism (怀疑).The language experts I spoke with say you shouldn’t allow the promises of a course or an app ____30____ (convince)you that learning a language is easy. Experts agree that there is no substitute for "on-the-ground" experience practicing a new language with native speakers.(B)Increasingly, various phrases have been taking over a good old-fashioned "thank you" or "you’re welcome" in daily conversations in the United States. While ____31____ (dine)at a restaurant, when a waiter comes by to ask Americans ____32____ .they would like more water or bread, do you notice that they often say " I'm good,” rather1 / 14than "no, thank you?” When someone thanks them for holding the door open, "no problem "is almost the same response as "you're welcome”.Are Americans becoming ruder, ____33____ (abandon) traditional polite phrases, or are the words they use now just updated versions of the same emotion?According to Lisa Gache, co-founder of Beverly Hills Manners, the decline of these magic words in our everyday conversation has to do with the preference ___34____ all things casual in our society today. Casual conversation, casual dress and casual behavior are present in all areas of life.And apparently Americans agree with her. A survey ____35___ (conduct)by Rasmussen Reports revealed that 76 percent of those surveyed thought that Americans were becoming "ruder and ____36____ (civil).”But is using phrases like "no problem"or “you bet"or " enjoy” really rude? Does more casualphrasing erase the original emotion of gratitude? Doesn’t "no, thank you" sometimes sound a little too formal, perhaps even a little too harsh(刺耳的), ____37____ it begins with a “no”?Emily Post Senning, ____38____ great-grandmother set the standard on manners with the book Etiquette, thought that while the principles of respect and consideration are "universal and timeless, " actual manners change over time and between cultures, ____39____ do the words used to express gratitude and appreciation.It's probably not a bad idea ____40____ (remember)to say "please" and "thank you,” but don’t beat yourself up thinking you're a horrible person if you say "have a good one" instead of "have a nice day.”Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there one word more than you needA. unexpectedlyB. measuredC. droppedD. operatedE.twistF. desireG.unfortunately H. occupations I. productive J. satisfaction K.recognitionI surveyed more than 30.000 people around the world. These people came from different cultures and were working in various industries. I asked them about how they relate to others: Do they prefer giving or taking?I found that many of them were somewhere in the middle. They fell into a third group, who do something called"matching".If you are a" matcher," you try to keep a balance between giving and taking: "quid pro quo"--I’ll do something for you if you do something for me. That seems like a safe way to live your life. However, is it the most ____41____ approach on a daily basis?2 / 14____42____ the worst performers among those I surveyed- -regardless of their ____43____ or nationalities ---were the givers. The engineers who were the least productive did more favors than they received in return. They were always so busy doing other people’s job that they ran out of time and energy to get their own work done. In medical schools, the lowest grades went to students who said they “loved helping others.” In other words, the doctors you ought to trust are those who did the training with no____44____ to help anybodyHowever, it turns out that there is a____45____ here---thankfully. Although givers are often sacrificing themselves, they make contribution to their organization. There is a lot of evidence to support this. Research has looked at how often people give to their team or organization. The findings tells us that sharing knowledge and mentoring all boost he performance of the organization on every metric that can be ____46____:profits, customers____47____, employee retention(员工存留率) and so on. Even the operating expenses ____48____.Givers spend a lot of time trying to help other people and improve their teams, it ____49____seems they suffer along the way. Givens deserve more____ 50____. As to what it takes to build cultures where givers can get to succeed more often, it requires further research.（B）A. well-beingB. openingC. exchangeD. discoveringE. shiftF. calendarG. widen H. indication I. builds J. peaks K. connectedwhen I was laid off (失业)in 2015, I told people about it the way any young people would: by tweeting it. My hope was that someone in my social network would point me to potential opportunities.To my surprise, the"strategy"worked. Shortly after my public plea for employment, a friend of a friend sent me a Facebook message alerting me to a(an)____51____ in her department. Three rounds of interviews later, this acquaintance became my boss(She’s now one of my closest friends)Think of the parents you see in the drop-off one(下客区)at school. Your favorite waiter. The other dog owners at the park. Sociologists(杜会学家) call these relationships “weak ties.” Not only can these connections affect our job prospects(前景) but they can also have a positive impact on our ____52____.Maintaining the network of acquaintances can help you feel more ____53____. The desire to belong and form social attachments is a basic human need, alongside food, sleep and safety But once we hit 25, the number of friends we have ____54____ and becomes smaller over time, according to a 2016 study. As we get older and priorities____55____from after-work bowling league to after-school pickup, maintaining a loaded social ____56____ becomes less important. Staying socially engaged, then, is integral to personal fulfillment.Besides, having at east a few acquaintances can connect us with a larger circle of people, which is fantastic news, say for job hunters. Even if our friends want to help us find a job, the weak ties are often the ones who ____57____ the job-search playing field.3 / 14Those acquaintances also provide us with a wider worldview. Regularly interacting with people who have different experiences than we do allows us to be more mindful of others' circumstances. This, in turn, ____58___ empathy(同感能力）Still, casual friends have a lot to offer. Uncovering surprising tidbits(花边新闻) about the regular players in one’s life---____59____ that your neighbor is an accomplished dancer, for instance----can spice up your day.So next time you see a friendly face when you're out and about, you might as well try to____60____ pleasantries(寒暄）.Ill. Reading Comprehension(15 +30+8)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.There is more to saying "sorry”, ____61____ a study led by researchers at Ohio State University found that effective apologies---ones that were accepted by the ____62____ and allowed both parties to move on with no hostility (敌意)---have six elements. They are expressing regret, explaining what went wrong, acknowledging responsibility, declaring repentance (悔悟) , offering to ____63____ the situation, and requesting forgiveness. The more of those components, the more likely the apology is seen as ____64____. Of course, not all errors are created equal. Therefore, you might need to adjust your apology ____65____ the circumstances. Here are a few tips:Sincerity trumps(胜过) timingA little cool-off time could help. Sometimes an immediate apology is ____66___ .But if the other party is angry at your wrongdoing. If may be more effective to wait because their anger may prevent them from being ____67____ to an apology. ____68____ , waiting can benefit you, too, The best time to apologize is when one feels ready to sincerely apologize..Explain: don't excuseAdmitting being wrong is ____69____ and can make people worried that they’re bad people. They often water down their apology with excuses which ____70____ the responsibility part of the apology to save face.Excuses may include examples like"I’m very sorry, but in my defense, you started it. " This is a non-apology. It uses the form of an apology but follows it up by ____71____ responsibility to the offended person, implying he or she is too sensitive.Let your body do the talking4 / 14Experts agree that ____72____ apologies beat phoned-in, e-mailed and handwritten ones. Facial expressions, posture and the tone of voice are all important ____73____ that convey sincerity when you express repentance. Anyone can type" feel ashamed, " but if you say it ____74____ , it's obvious whether or not you mean it.A phone call is second best. You’ll convey emotions with your voice and get instant feedback. E-mailed apologies aren’t ideal. They lack emotional signals. A victim can exploit written apologies and do harm to the apologizer. Being a victim does not ____75____ transform one into a good person.61. A. For instance B. In other word C. In fact D. Of course62. A. offended B. defended C. needed D.accused63. A. explain B. reset C. solve D. fix64. A reliable B. credible C. valuable D. insincere65. A. judging by B. speaking of C. considering D. depending on66. A. called for B. taken up C. looked into D. sought for67. A. reluctant B.willing C. additive D. receptive68 A. Hence B. Moreover C However D. Thereby69. A. tolerable B. worthless C. painful D. delightful70. A. build up B. play down C.add to D. back up7I. A. shifting B. offering C. giving D. conveying72. A. sincere B.instant C. false D. face-face73. A. features B. weapons C. channels D.expressions74. A. vividly B. slowly C. live D. clearly75. A. consequently B. significantly C. necessarily D. dramaticallySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)5 / 14April Fool’s Day and Easter Sunday rarely coincide. Since 1900, Easter has fallen on April Fools’ Day for only five times--1923,1934, 1945, 1956 and 2018. Obviously, it's a once-in-a-lifetime chance to play Easter-themed pranks on your children. Here are some suggestions.A treasure hunt with a twistA fantastic Easter Sunday tradition is to do a treasure hunt where the Easter Bunny has left eggs around your house. Each egg has a small written clue or riddle (谜语)directing the children to where they can find the next one. But when April Fools' Day and Easter Sunday coincide, why not leave some carrots in their place, instead of hiding chocolate eggs ?On the third or fourth clue, you can make it appear as if the Faster Bunny has left a note apologizing for eating all the chocolate but saying they hope you enjoy this left-behind lunch.An Easter basket with a differencePrepare an Easter basket for the children, and either wrap it up or cover it up so that the contents can’t be seen. Have a card from the Easter Bunny next to it which they can open first, with a message that the Easter Bunny wants them to have an extra special Easter and so has prepared a special gift for them. But rather than chocolate or sweets, what you've put in the basket is incredibly dull stuff that kids will be completely unimpressed by---new toothpaste, some socks or a packet of batteries.A sticky situation“You' ll need to prepare this in advance. Buy some of the plastic eggs that contain toys. Unwrap them, open them and then carefully glue them shut and re-wrap them. You don't have to be too tidy---your children are going to be thinking about getting to the toy and are not going to be suspicious. Sit back and enjoy them trying and failing to open the eggs.The invisible Easter egg huntThis is an excellent plan if you have a garden. Tell the children there is an Faster egg hunt in the garden and lead them there.Close the back door. Let your children spend ages searching fruitlessly for Easter eggs that you haven't actually hidden. After you have enjoyed a rare ten minutes of peace and quiet indoors, while they get increasingly confused and frustrated, go into the garden claiming to have found a note from the Easter Bunny. The note reads "April Fool."76. The target readers of this passage are ________A. SchoolchildrenB. head teachers in schoolsC. children who have younger siblingsD. parents of young children77. Which of the pranks is most likely to require a large outdoor space?6 / 14A. A treasure hunt with a twistB. An Easter basket with a differenceC. A sticky situationD. The invisible Easter egg hunt78. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?A. A treasure hunt for carrots is an Easter traditionB. April Fools Day and Easter Sunday coincide every 11 yearsC. Children are usually disappointed at gifts like socks and batteriesD. All of the four recommended pranks require extensive preparations(B)Even now she calls my attention every day to mispronounced words. All teachers of the deaf know what this means, and only they can at all appreciate the peculiar difficulties with which I had to contend.I had to use the sense of touch in catching the vibrations (振动)of the throat, the movements of the mouth and the expression of the face; and often this sense was at fault. In such cases I was forced to repeat the words or sentences, sometimes for hours, until I felt the proper "ring" in my own voice. My work was practice, practice, practice. Discouragement and weariness cast me down frequently. But the next moment the thought that I should soon be at home and show my loved ones what I had accomplished renewed my courage and spurred(激励)me on, and I eagerly looked forward to their pleasure in my achievement.“ My little sister will understand me now, " was a thought stronger than all obstacles. I was filled with joy while I anticipated the delight of talking to my dear mother and reading her responses from her lips. It astonished me to find how much easier it is to talk than to spell with the fingers, and I discarded the manual alphabet as a medium of communication on my part. But my teacher and a few friends still use it in speaking to me, for it is more convenient than lip reading.Perhaps I had better explain our use of the manual alphabet, which seems to puzzle people who do not know us. One who reads or talks to me spells with his hand, using the single-hand manual alphabet usually employed by the deaf. The position of the hand is as easy to feel as it is to see. I do not feel each letter any more than you see each letter separately when you read. Constant practice makes the fingers very flexible, and some of my friends spell rapidly --about as fast as an expert writes on a typewriter. The mere spelling is, of course, no more a conscious act than it is in writing.When I had made speech my own, I could not wait to go home. At last, the happiest of happy moments arrived.79. According to the article, what kind of communication method did the author prefer?7 / 14A. TypingB. Lip readingC. Finger spellD. Talk80. To pronounce words correctly, the author had to do the following EXCEPT ________A. Overcome a sense of failure and tiredness for hoursB . repeatedly practice words with patienceC. draw the attention of her highly demanding teacherD. use the sense of touch in catching people's expression81. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Finger spelling is actually an unconscious actB. The blind feel each letter separately when readingC. It is easy for the deaf to use the manual alphabetD. It is dull to repeat the same words for hours82. It can be inferred from the article that the author is ________A. conservativeB. negativeC. positiveD. humorous(C)Bookie’s, the campus bookstore, is located at the Campus Activity Center, main floor.Bookie’s is the only place in Kamloops to buy your course textbooks. There is a book-list in the bookstore listing the books required for each course. If you need help in finding your course textbooks, ask any of the staff in the bookstore.There are more than just textbooks at Bookie’s. They carry a wide variety of stationery, art supplies and gift items. You can also buy telephone cards, postage stamps and bus passes. You must show your student card to get a discount for the bus passes.TEXTBOOK RETURNS1)Do I need my receipt to return books?Yes.2) How long do I have to return books?Books purchased must be returned within ten working days of the date of the purchase.8 / 143) What if I wrote my name in the book?Unfortunately, we cannot give you a full refund for books not in mint condition as publishers will not accept this for credit4)What happens if I miss the last day for return?We may purchase the textbook as"used "in accordance with our Buyback program.5)What if I discover that my book has missing pages half way through the semester?We will replace the defective books, new or used, for a like copy of that title. Cash refunds are not even for defective books returned outside the normal return dates.BUYBACKSWhat books do you buy back?We buy back all current edition textbooks. If we do not use them at UCC, we buy them back according to the value established in the North American marketplace2)How much do I get for my books?If Bookies is buying the book for use at UCC, you will receive 50% of the current new retail price. In order to receive optimum(最佳的) buyback price, discs and supplements must accompany the book.3)What happens to the books that I sell?Books for Bookies are processed by our staff and sold to students at 75% of the new retail price.4)What condition do my books need to be in?Books should be in good condition, meaning that the cover is still attached and all pages intact. Highlighting, notes and markings on the pages are perfectly fine. Workbooks and study guides are generally not purchased back unless they are free of all markings. No sales receipt is required for these books.Bookstore HoursMonday to Thursday 9: 00 am-600 p. mFriday 9: 00 a.m.-5.00 p.m.Saturday and Sunday Closed83. The intended readers of this passage are ________9 / 14A. book dealersB. university studentsC. publishersD. campus star84. The underlined word "defective" can be replaced with “________”A. latestB. adaptedC.newD. fault85.Bookie’s will not buy back your used textbook if ________A. the cover of the book is missingB. there are markings and notes on the pagesC. you have lost the sales receiptD. you miss the last day for return86. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Bookies is a place for students to buy their course textbooksB. Student cards are needed to get discounts for the textbooksC. Books bought in Bookie's can be returned within ten working daysD. Books bought back are processed by the staff and sold to students.(D)Aspirin has long been believed to help prevent heart attacks and strokes(中风).Some studies have shown that it also has a protective effect against certain types of cancer. As a result, some people religiously pop a low-dose(低剂量的) aspirin after breakfast every day (never take one on an empty stomach). But now its status as a wonder drug has come into question, following a meta-analysis of trial evidence.A meta-analysis reviews the results of a large number of trials and can therefore come to more certain conclusions. This latest review was published this May in The Journal of the American Medical Association.It focused on the connection between aspirin use and cardiovascular(心血管的) and bleeding events. It found that the well-known risk that aspirin can cause internal bleeding is as great as the benefits of preventing heart attacks and strokes. In some cases, the risk even outweighs the benefits.Aspirin thins the blood, thus helping to prevent blood clots (血栓). For his reason, it is a good drug for protecting people who have already had a heart attack or stroke from having another. However, the 164,225 people in these trials had no history of cardiovascular disease. They were monitored for an average of six years, during which time they took a daily aspirin or placebo(安慰剂).Among those who took aspirin, there were about 11% fewer heart attacks and strokes but 43% higher likelihood of a major bleeding episode in the stomach, brain or intestine(肠道).Dr Sean Zheng, a cardiology(心脏病学) researcher at King’s College London, said that taking a daily aspirin couldn’t be recommended for healthy people. But there might still be a case for people with a higher risk of a heart attack or stroke, he added. However, it would be important to consider the bleeding risk.10 / 14“Aspirin use requires discussion between the patient and their physician, with the knowledge that any small potential cardiovascular benefits are weighed up against the real risk of severe bleeding." he said.The findings reflect the average likelihood of bleeds or heart attacks among the patients in all the trials. There will be people among them who would be better off taking aspirin and those who will be worse. It's yet another situation where we need to weigh up our individual risk and benefit--- maybe with the help of an understanding GP.87. Which of the following is NOT a reason why some people take an aspirin every day?A. They want to lower their risk of having a heart attackB. They hope to protect themselves against some cancersC. They want to ensure they don't have a sick stomachD. They aim to make sure they won't suffer another stroke88. What can be concluded from the recent meta-analysis?A. That aspirin does more harm than good to the human bodyB. That aspirin frequently causes internal bleeding because it thins the bloodC. That previous research into the effects of aspirin on the human body was unreliable.D. That taking aspirin is not worth the risk or those with no history of heart tacks or strokes.89. What should people do before taking aspirin, according to the article?A. To have a thorough physical examinationB. To ask for others' opinions on the internet.C. To read the findings of new studies on aspirinD. To talk with a doctor familiar with their condition90. The article was probably written by ________A. the director of a hospitalB. a public health journalistC. the CEO of a medical companyD. a representative for an insurance company11 / 14Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. That turning point might be Bezos' greatest accomplishmentB. Amazon executives would tell you: the empty chair, the internal nickname of the figure that ruletheir lives.C. Bezos could have done it earlier but he took over twenty years to compete that targetD. Even the tiniest delay in loading a web-page isn’t insignificantE. Customers do enjoy quick delivery, quality products and great after-sales service.F. He set that target without getting pinned down by technical issues.Jeff Bezos Reveals His No. 1 Leadership SecretAmazon has reached what its founder and CEO Jeff Bezos called "an interesting milestone.” The retailing giant so highly associated with books and then music and video, now has tens of millions of products in stock and a majority are non-media goods, from drills to tennis balls to almost anything else that can be shipped.____91____ The 48-year-old has officially transformed Amazon, which he founded in 1994, from an online bookstore that sells other stuff to a retailer---and business services provider---that once sold mostly books. Amazon's stock is up 397 percent in the last five years.So, what's behind the success of the world’s largest online retailer? ____92____ Bezos regularly leaves one seat open at meetings and informs all attendees that they should consider that seat occupied by their customer---the most important person in the room.Always trying to find out what customers want, Bezos is even stricter about that customers don’t want. They hate delays, defects and out-of-stock products, so the company constantly looks to make them as rare as possible. ____93____ Amazon data show that a 0.1 second delay in page loading can translate into a one percent drop in customer activity.But great customer service doesn’t fully explain Amazon's extraordinary success. For Bezos,adata driven customer focus encourages him to take risks to innovate. Amazon's kindle, for example, came into being because Bezos believed millions would want an e-book reader that could download any book within 60 seconds. ____94____ Engineers were free to solve technical challenges as they saw fit, only needing to make it right for consumers.12 / 14Efficiency ---- cheapness, in the eyes of Amazon’s critics---is also an important part of the Amazon culture. In fact, Bezos liks the two. In 2009, Bezos declared that Amazon had begun fighting against waste. The more he could get rid of needless costs, the easier it would be to deliver rock-bottom prices to customers.V. Translation (4+4 +4+5+5)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.95.进办公室之前轻轻敲门是有礼貌的。