Ancient-Chinese-Philosophy中国古代哲学

Daoism
Daoist philosophy teaches that although all things exist in a state of transformation, they also possess an underlying order. This constantly changing, self-balancing order is known as the Dao, or the Way.
仁 义 礼 智 信
Portrait of Confucius (551-479 BC)

Benevolence, to be humanity, mercy and kindness;
Justness, to be righteousness ;
Rituals, custom and law, to be polite;
At 29 he rejected his luxurious life to seek enlightenment and the source of suffering. Lived a strict,ascetic[ə'setɪk](禁欲的) life for 6 years.
Who was the Buddha?
●Rejecting the extremes of luxury and asceticism禁欲, he sat in meditation沉思,
and found nirvana涅槃.[nɪə'vɑːnə]
●Became “The Enlightened One” at 35.
●Spent the remaining 45 years of his life teaching others how to achieve the peace of mind he had achieved
Buddhism was originally a branch of Hinduism( 印度教).
The “middle way of wisdom and compassion.”（essence)
2,500 year old tradition that began in India and spread and diversified [daɪ'vɜːsɪfaɪd]
Confucius 孔夫子 [kən'fju:ʃjəs]
As a teacher, Confucius taught altogether 3,000 students.
“the person who learns but
does not think is lost. the person who thinks but does not
Wisdom, to be knowledgeable and well educated;
royalty, faithful，reliable， accountable, responsible, creditable.
Ren(仁): Confucius defines it as “Airen”(爱人），that is , to love
2. The cause of suffering is self-centered desire
and attachments.
Four Noble Truths
3. The solution is to eliminate desire and attachments , thus achieving Nirvana .
Four Noble Truths
4. To reach nirvana, one must follow the Eightfold Path（八正道）.
Eightfold Path
Nirvana涅槃
Zen Buddhism(禅宗佛教)
The “Meditation冥想 School.”
Seeks sudden enlightenment through meditation, arriving at emptiness
Who was the Buddha?
He died at the age of 80, after assembling a group of men and women disciples who continued to spread his teaching by word of mouth.
learn is in great danger”
——Confucius (学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆）
The landmark（标志性） of Confucianism is the Analects['ænəlekts]（文选）, which was written by his disciples（门 徒） after his death.
Topic: Ancient Chinese Philosophy 中国古代哲学
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Chinese Philosophy
[kənˈfjuːʃənɪzəm]
—— Confucianism、 Daoism and Buddhism
Chinese tradition, culture, religion and historical development are greatly influenced by the philosophy of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism,three great indigenous philosophical traditions of China.
Beauty, art, and aesthetics:
Gardens. Archery箭术 . Tea ceremony. Calligraphy.
Spread in China
Buddhism was spread to China during the Han Dynasty.
Stone carving of Laozi, Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC)
Dao is the essence（本质） and ultimate end of all things ,and
it is the process of reality itself, the way things come together while they
Confucianism
Confucianism emerged between the 6th through 5th century BC. Its founder, Confucius, expanded upon ancient Chinese concepts of humanism. He emphasized the value of the individual, the cultivation of personal ethics, and the importance of moral character. The concepts of benevolence （善行、仁） was the centre of Confucianism, and became the foundation of mainstream（主 流） Chinese culture.
What did the Buddha teach?
1. There is suffering in the world. To live is to
sufTfehre. Buddha found this out when he was
young and experienced suffering and death in others.
are still transforming . Dao is a kind of constant, universal principle
that underlies all phenomenon.
De
virtue or quality, and it is the whole of the spontaneity(
live is call De”
Wuwei
“non-doing” does not mean “doing nothing”, but means “to do or act naturally”.
Daoism has been influential in all aspects of Chinese culture, for example Chinese astrology（占星术）, fengshui culture, some martial arts and styles of qigong, traditional medicine, even cuisine [kwɪ'ziːn] （烹饪）are closely related with Daoism.
It has been develeped with influence of Confucianism and Daoism
Influence on Chinese Culture
It had given a deep and tremendous influence to the Chinese philosophy、 literature、 the classic Chinese art 、 astronomy and medicine.
throughout the Far East
A philosophy, religion, and spiritual practice followed by more than 300 million people