北师大教育心理学考研模拟题第七章及答案详解
北师大教育心理学考试试题及答案
北师大教育心理学考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 教育心理学研究的主要内容是什么？A. 学习理论B. 教学方法C. 学生心理发展D. 所有选项2. 皮亚杰的认知发展理论中，儿童在7到11岁通常处于哪个阶段？A. 感觉运动阶段B. 前运算阶段C. 具体运算阶段D. 形式运算阶段3. 以下哪个不是教育心理学中提到的学习动机理论？A. 自我效能理论B. 成就动机理论C. 需要层次理论D. 行为主义理论4. 根据布鲁纳的学习理论，学习过程主要包括哪几个阶段？A. 感知、理解、记忆B. 理解、应用、评价C. 记忆、应用、评价D. 感知、理解、应用5. 以下哪个是教育心理学中提到的学习策略？A. 重复阅读B. 深度加工C. 机械记忆D. 所有选项二、简答题（每题10分，共20分）6. 简述埃里克森的心理社会发展理论的主要阶段。
7. 描述马斯洛的需要层次理论，并解释其在教育中的应用。
三、论述题（每题30分，共60分）8. 论述维果茨基的社会文化理论对教育实践的影响。
9. 分析学习风格差异对教学设计的影响，并提出相应的教学策略。
四、案例分析题（每题30分，共30分）10. 假设你是某中学的一名心理老师，你发现班上有一名学生的学习成绩突然下降，他表现出焦虑和逃避学习的行为。
请分析可能的原因，并提出你的干预措施。
答案：一、选择题1. D2. C3. D4. B5. B二、简答题6. 埃里克森的心理社会发展理论包括八个阶段，从婴儿期的信任与不信任到老年期的自我整合与绝望。
7. 马斯洛的需要层次理论将人的需要分为五个层次，从基本的生理需要到自我实现的需要。
在教育中，满足学生的安全、归属和尊重的需要，可以促进他们的学习动机。
三、论述题8. 维果茨基的社会文化理论强调学习是在社会互动中发生的，教育者应该提供脚手架，帮助学生达到他们的发展潜能。
9. 学习风格的多样性要求教师在教学设计时考虑到学生的个体差异，采取多样化的教学方法，以适应不同学生的学习需求。
北师大版的教育心理学课后练习答案心理学答案
2．；④坚强 的意志 力。
3．参考答案：如何运用注意规律组织 教学? 充分利用无意注意的规律组织教学 ： 优化教学环境，以防止干扰，保持学生注意的稳定。如：就课堂教学而 言，要保持教室周围环境的安静（强度），教室布置要简朴、整洁（强度、对 比、新异），室内还要保持空气清新 、光线充足（强度）。 教学内容要丰富、新颖，以吸引学生 的注意。 教学方法要生动、灵活，以保持学生稳定的注意。如：讲课要突出重点， 声调和语速要高低、快慢适度（对比、变化），板书要加大对象与背景的差别 （对比），教学手段还要采用录音、录像等现代化的直观教 学工具（新异）。 在组织教学中要充分重视有意注意规律的应用 ： 进行学习目的性教育，激发和培养 间接兴趣。 正确组织课堂教学，防止学生疲劳现象的发 生。 加强意志力的培养和锻 炼。 运用两种注意相互转化的规律组织 教学。
4．参考答案：
在教学过程中，教师应按照感知活动的特点和规律来正确地组织直观教学 ，才能提高学生的感知效 果。
（1）根据感知对刺激强度的依存性的规律，作用于感觉器官的刺激物必须 达到一定的强度才能被人们清楚地感知到。讲课的音量 要适当，板书字迹、直 观教具、图表等不能太小等。总之，要保持一定的刺激强度 。
思维与感知觉：二者都是对客观事物的反映，但内容与形 式不同。
从内容看：感知反映的是客观事物的个别属性、表面现象及事物的外在联系；而思维反映的是事物 的本质属性及其内在规律 性的联系。
北师大考研试题及答案
北师大考研试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列关于教育学原理的表述，不正确的是：A. 教育是一种社会现象B. 教育是一种文化现象C. 教育是一种经济现象D. 教育是一种政治现象答案：C2. 以下哪项不是教育心理学的研究对象？A. 学习过程B. 教学过程C. 管理过程D. 评价过程答案：C3. 教育评价的目的是：A. 选拔人才B. 促进学生发展C. 激励教师工作D. 以上都是答案：D4. 教育心理学的研究方法包括：A. 实验法B. 观察法C. 调查法D. 以上都是答案：D5. 下列哪个理论不属于学习理论？A. 行为主义理论B. 认知主义理论C. 人本主义理论D. 系统论答案：D6. 教育心理学认为，影响学生学习的主要因素是：A. 智力因素B. 非智力因素C. 环境因素D. 以上都是答案：D7. 教育评价的类型包括：A. 形成性评价B. 总结性评价C. 诊断性评价D. 以上都是答案：D8. 教育心理学的研究内容不包括：A. 学习心理B. 发展心理C. 教学心理D. 管理心理答案：D9. 教育评价的功能包括：A. 导向功能B. 激励功能C. 反馈功能D. 以上都是答案：D10. 教育心理学的研究方法不包括：A. 实验法B. 观察法C. 历史法D. 调查法答案：C二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 教育心理学的研究对象包括：A. 学习心理B. 发展心理C. 教学心理D. 评价心理答案：ABC2. 教育评价的类型包括：A. 形成性评价B. 总结性评价C. 诊断性评价D. 比较性评价答案：ABC3. 影响学生学习的主要因素包括：A. 智力因素B. 非智力因素C. 环境因素D. 社会因素答案：ABC4. 教育心理学的研究方法包括：A. 实验法B. 观察法C. 调查法D. 历史法答案：ABC5. 教育评价的功能包括：A. 导向功能B. 激励功能C. 反馈功能D. 预测功能答案：ABC三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述教育心理学的研究内容。
北京师范大学教育学考研真题之考研真题及答案
北师大教育学考研真题之考研真题及答案一、单项选择题：1～45小题，每小题2分，共90分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
对于题目的答案有疑义的，可以进入论坛提问或者关注的微博。
1.关注和探询“谁控制学校”、“谁制定学校管理的政策”、“谁决定教育的伦理、社会和经济目标”、“谁设置课程”的教育理论流派是A. 制度教育学B. 改造主义教育理论C. 存在主义教育理论D. 批判教育学【参考答案】D【解析】批判教育学是20世纪70年代之后兴起的一种教育思潮，主要代表人物是鲍尔斯、金蒂斯、阿普尔、吉鲁，法国的布厄迪尔等。
基本观点是：第一，当代资本主义的学校教育不是一种民主的建制和解放的力量，而是维护现实社会的不公平和不公正的工具，是造成社会差别、社会歧视和社会对立的根源；第二，教育是与社会相对应的，有什么样的社会政治、经济和文化，就有什么样的学校教育机构，社会的政治意识形态、文化样态、经济结构都强烈低制约着学校的目的、课程、师生关系、评价方式等，学校教育的功能就是再生产出占主导地位的社会政治意识形态、文化关系和经济结构；第三，批判教育学的目的就是要揭示看似自然事实背后的利益关系，帮助教师和学生对自己所处的教育环境及形成教育环境的诸多因素敏感起来，即对他们进行“启蒙”，以达到意识“解放”目的，从而积极地寻找克服教育及社会不平等和不公正的策略；第四，教育现象不是中立的和客观的，而是充满着利益纷争的，教育理论研究不能采取唯科学主义的态度和方法，而要采用实践批判的态度和方法。
从题干的角度出发，选择D。
2.如下现象属于教育范畴的是A. 爸爸针对小明懦弱的个性设法训练小明如何以牙还牙报复欺侮者B. 妈妈指导小明在与他人冲突中如何保护自己C. 老师严格管理以保护小明等弱小学生不再受欺负D. 小明在与同学的多次冲突中逐渐学会了如何与人和睦相处【参考答案】B【解析】教育的定义具有广义和狭义的区分，广义的教育指的是，凡是有目的的地增进人的知识技能，影响人的思想品德，增强人的体质的活动，不论是有组织的或是无组织的，系统的或是零碎的，都是教育。
北师大心理学考研试题及答案解析
北师大心理学考研试题及答案解析一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 心理学研究的首要任务是（）A. 探索心理现象的规律性B. 描述心理现象C. 解释心理现象D. 预测和控制心理现象答案：A2. 下列哪项不是心理学研究的方法？（）A. 实验法B. 观察法C. 调查法D. 演绎法答案：D3. 弗洛伊德的精神分析理论中，人格结构分为哪三个部分？（）A. 自我、本我、超我B. 意识、潜意识、无意识C. 认知、情感、意志D. 知、情、意答案：A4. 认知心理学的主要研究内容是什么？（）A. 情绪和动机B. 感觉和知觉C. 思维和语言D. 人格和行为答案：C5. 以下哪个不是学习理论的类型？（）A. 经典条件作用B. 操作条件作用C. 观察学习D. 遗传学习答案：D二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）6. 以下哪些是心理学的主要分支？（）A. 生物心理学B. 社会心理学C. 发展心理学D. 教育心理学E. 工业心理学答案：ABCDE7. 以下哪些因素会影响个体的心理健康？（）A. 遗传因素B. 环境因素C. 社会支持D. 个体的应对策略E. 个人经历答案：ABCDE8. 以下哪些属于心理测量的范畴？（）A. 智力测验B. 人格测验C. 职业倾向测验D. 情绪状态评估E. 行为观察答案：ABCD三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）9. 简述心理学研究的伦理原则。
答案：心理学研究的伦理原则主要包括尊重个体的自主性、保护参与者的隐私和保密、确保研究的真实性和公正性、避免伤害参与者等。
10. 描述认知失调理论的主要内容。
答案：认知失调理论由莱昂·费斯汀格提出，主要内容包括：当个体持有两个或多个相互矛盾的信念、态度或行为时，会产生心理不适感，即认知失调。
为了减少这种不适，个体会尝试改变其中一个或多个信念、态度或行为，使之与其他信念、态度或行为保持一致。
四、论述题（每题25分，共50分）11. 论述心理测量在教育领域的应用。
(NEW)北京师范大学心理学部《765心理学基础综合》历年考研真题汇编(含答案)
目 录2015年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题2015年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题答案2016年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题2016年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题答案2015年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共180分）1．Psychology is considered as a science because it________.A．uses technology conduct researchB．has generated a series of proven theoriesC．conducts laboratory and basic research studiesD．uses a set of rules to gather and analyze information2．Suppose you were listening to a high-frequency tone. According to the place theory of pitch perception________.A．the entire basilar membrane will vibrate very quicklyB．the rate at which neurons fire codes the pitch ,so neurons will be firing rapidlyC．movement of the basilar membrane should be greatest at the end of the cochlea （farthest away from the oval and round windows）D．movement of the basilar membrane should be greatest at the base of the cochlea （closest to the oval and round windows）3．The strongest form of the filter theory of attention was challenged when it was discovered that some listeners in dichotic listening task were________. A．unable to shadow personally relevant materialB．recalling things that should have been ignoredC．having trouble hearing their own nameD．totally filtering all ignored material4．Originally it takes a chemistry student 10 hours to learn to construct the periodic table of elements from memory. Just before her final exam it takes her 2 hours to relearn the table. Using the method that Ebbinghaus typically used to score memory performance, her________.A．loss score was 20 percentB．total study time was 12 hoursC．saving score was 80 percentD．recall quotient was 55．Since they began watching the news nightly on television, a couple has developed a fear of flying. They are convinced that many more people die in plane crashes than in automobile accidents. Their belief are most consistent with watch would be predicted by________.A．the representativeness heuristicB．anchoring biasC．the availability heuristicD．functional fixendness6．A member of the audience attending a lecture on the relationship between language and thought given by Edward Sapir and Benjamin lee Whorf would most likely hear them express the hypothesis that________.A．differences in language create differences in thoughtB．language and thought are not relatedC．language processes are primarily learned, while thought processes are primarily inbornD．each member of a language community thinks very differently from every other member of that same community7．A student believes that in order for him to do better in the next for Economisc he will have study harder, he is makinga（n）________attribution.A．stable internalB．stable externalC．unstable internalD．unstable external8．With respect to the role of cognitive appraisal in emotional experience. It is probably most reasonable to conclude that________.A．the research evidence shows that cognitive appraisal is not a valid phenomenonB．cognitive appraisal is an important process, but not the only one C．people first respond in stinctively, the search for cognitive explanations D．cognitive appraisal is of least valve in explaining responses to ambiguous or novel situations9．In his triarchic theory Robert Sternberg does notspecify________intelligence.A．componentialB．contexualC．experientialD．conversational10．Type and trait theories of personality has been criticized becausethey________.A．do not allow researchers to give concise descriptions of different peoples personalitiesB．do not identify characteristics that are correlated with behaviorC．do not generally explain how personality developsD．emphasize conflicting forces within the individual 11．Researchers use buffer item to control problems due to________. A．willingness to answerB．context effectsC．position preferenceD．social desirability12．How do quasi-experiments compare with laboratory experiments? A．Quasi-experiments achieve less realism.B．Quasi-experiments achieve lower internal validity.C．Both designs achieve comparable internal validity.D．Quasi-experiments achieve higher internal validity.13．When an experiment produces null results________.A．it shows that the dependent variable had no effect on the independent variableB．it show that the independent variable manipulation produced a change in the dependent variableC．it is possible that the effect of the independent variable occurred by chanceD．it is possible that the experimenter did not valid manipulation of the independent variable14．Between subject designs are often used in research on complex cognitive processes because________.A．they prevent the occurrence of carryover effectsB．they reduce the variability of observationsC．they require fewer participants compared to within-subject designs D．they increase our confidence in the reliability of the results15．A testable hypothesis________.A．specifics how two or more variables are relatedB．can be developed for variables that cannot be directly observed or manipulatedC．will tend to be supported by the obtained dataD．lacks measurable dependent variables16．In a completely counter-balanced experimental design________. A．each subject receives each treatment in the same orderB．each subject group receives a different treatmentC．the order of treatments is randomizedD．all possible treatment orders are used17．To which part or parts of neuron does the all or none lawapply________.A．axonsB．both axons and dendritesC．dendritesD．cell body18．What will affect the speed of an action potential?A．The strength of stimulus.B．The length of the axon.C．The resistances of the membrane.D．The time since the last action potential.19．Gary matter in the brain and spinal cord is mainly composed of what structures?A．Ganglia.B．Myelinated axons.C．Unmyelinated axons.D．Cell bodies and dendrites.20．Which of the following factions is important for neurons? A．Logic game.B．Having good teacher.C．Sterile environment.D．Physical outliving.21．What is one way to determine whether a given cell in primary visual cortex is “simple” or “complex”?A．The shape of its receptive field.B．Whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location. C．Whether its receptive field is monocular or binocular.D．Whether it is sensitive to the orientation of the stimulus.22．EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because________. A．neurons are becoming more desynchronizedB．the EEG measures muscle tension, which also deceaseC．neurons are becoming more synchronizedD．blood flow is increasing23．A peculiarity of the memory of the neurological patient H.M. was that he was able to________.A．find his way to a new residentB．remember peoples names but not which name went with which person C．retain skills but not remember having learned themD．form new long-memories but not short-term memories 24．Someone suffering from Wernicke’s aphasia has difficulty________. A．reading aloudB．understanding speechC．using prepositions and conjunctionsD．articulating speech25．Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic ofschizophrenia?A．Deterioration of everyday functioning.B．Delusions.C．Alternation between one personality and another.D．Impaired understanding of abstract concepts.26．A distribution which has a predominance of scores at the lower values of the distribution and which tails off at higher end is________. A．positively skewedB．negatively skewedC．normally distributedD．symmetrical27．The mean number of students in a classroom at a school is 32.5 and there are 25 classroom. The mean number of students at school B is 29.6 in 12 classrooms. At school C the mean in each class is 15.3 for 10 classrooms. What is the mean number of students per classroom for all the schools combined?A．1320.7B．28.1C．25.7D．28.728．If two variables are ratio scaled and the relationship is linear, what type of correction coefficient is most appropriate?A．PearsonB．SpearmanC．ETAD．PHI29．If we set alpha at 0.05 instead of 0.01, with other factors held constant, ________.A．we have a greater risk of a Type I errorB．we have a greater risk of a Type II errorC．we have a lower risk of a Type II errorD．A and C30．Which of the following may be false?A．alpha＋beta＝1B．power＋beta＝1C．1-power＝betaD．1-beta＝power31．Assuming that the population mean is 47.2 and the population deviation is 6.4, what is the Zobt value for a sample mean of 52.1 if N＝8?A．1.96B．2.17C．1.73D．0.7732．A key difference between the terms “psychological testing’’ and“psychological assessment” is that “psychological testing” refers to a process that________.A．involves more problem-solving than psychological assessmentB．is more technician-like than psychological assessmentC．was first described by Maloney and Ward in the mid-1970sD．is much broader in scope than psychological assessment33．The term “portfolio assessment” encompasses________.A．case study assessmentB．work sample assessmentC．behavioral assessmentD．all of the above34．Test scores are frequently expressed as numbers and statistical tools are frequently used to________.A．describe test scoresB．mark inferences form test scoresC．draw conclusions about test scoresD．all of the above35．A type of scale with a true zero point is________.A．an IQ scaleB．an ordinal scaleC．an interest scaleD．a ratio scale36．From which type of test administered to members of the general population would you LEAST expect the resulting data to be distributed normally?A．A test to measure the strength of one’s hand grip.B．A test to measure strength intelligence and fund of knowledge.C．A test to measure knowledge of psychometric principles.D．A test to measure self-esteem.37．In its plural form, “norms” is a term used in psychometrics to refer to the test performance data of________.A．people tested at a different time than another group of test takers B．test takes who constitute a control group in an experimentC．a particular group of test takers to be used for comparisonD．a sample of people with no prior training in the tested area38．In the language of psychometrics, reliability refers primarilyto________.A．expertise in measurementB．dependability in measurementC．speed of measurementD．consistency in measurement39．In the context of psychometrics error refers to the component of the observed score on an ability test that________.A．does not have to with the ability being measuredB．was distorted as a result of examiner errorC．may have been measured inaccurately for whatever reasonD．was administered solely for experimental reasons40．Coefficient alpha is conceptually________.A．the variance of all possible sources of error varianceB．the mean of all possible split-half correlationsC．the standard deviation of all possible sources of variationD．the estimate of inter-scorer reliability that is most robust41．Which is NOT a traditional component of the so-called Trinitarian view of validit?A．Face validity.B．Content validity.C．Criterion-related validity.D．Construct validity.42．Which is most useful in determining whether different items on a test are measuring the same thing?A．Co-validation.B．Cross-validation.C．Factor analysis.D．Test tryout.43．Which served as the basis for the Myers-Briggs Type indicator? A．The typology of John Holland.B．The typology of Carl Jung.C．The typology of Ray Roseman.D．The typology of Hippocrates.44．Which is NOT a response style?A．Semantic differential.B．Socially desirable responding.C．Overly positive.D．Acquiescence.45．It’s the degree to which an additional predictor explains something about the criterion measure not explained by predictors already in use. Itis________.A．concurrent validityB．incremental validityC．content validityD．construct validity46．An item characteristic curve is a graphic representation of________. A．test-taker responses to correct versus distracter alternatives B．characteristics of performance on orally administered versus paper-and-pencil testsC．characteristics of performance on written versus computer-administered testsD．test-taker ability plotted by probability of correct response47．Item sampling is a source of error variance within the contextof________.A．test constructionB．test administrationC．test scoringD．all of the above48．Nate received clothing as a gift from his grandmother, while internally he was disappointed, externally he smiled, thanked his grandmother and said “I really like shirts with dinosaurs!” What set of emotional rules has Nate learned?A．Emotional display rules.B．Emotional exhibition code.C．Social emotional code.D．Social rules.49．Jason is a 17-year-old who says “My parents are Republicans and so I’m a Republican; it’s just the way I grew up.” What identity status is he illustrating?A．Identity achievement.B．Identity foreclosure.C．Identity diffusion.D．Identity moratorium.50．Mia prefers to play with Barbie dolls and pretend to be a princess, rather than play with cars. She is displaying________.A．a gender-role stereotypingB．sex-role stereotypingC．a gender-typed pattern of behaviorD．gender preference51．Lisbeth’s mother said, “You bit your friend Shana. You made her cry because that hurts her body.” What is Lisbeth’s mother engaging in? A．Compassion explanation.B．Pro-social moral reasoning.C．Affective explanation.D．Sympathetic emotional arousal.52．Baumrind found that________parenting style was associated with adolescents who had poor self-control and engaged in drug use. A．authoritarianB．uninvolvedC．authoritativeD．permissive53．Research data in a child study determines that Emma is a child who received many nominations as a liked and many as a disliked individual. Emma would be classified as a（n）________.A．neglected childB．controversial childC．divisive childD．average-status child54．Learning occurs when experience causes a relatively permanent change in an individual’s knowledge or behavior. Which one of the following does qualify as learning?A．Changes caused by growing taller.B．Changes resulting from illness.C．Changes brought by experience.D．Changes resulting from drugs.55．Which one of the following is negative reinforcement?A．Reward such as gaining high grades.B．Punishment such as staying after school.C．Punishment such as no TV for a week.D．Escape such as excused from chores.56．Cognitive view of learning views learning as an active mental process of acquiring, remembering and using knowledge. Which of the following is TRUE about cognitive view of learning?A．Believe reinforcement strengthens response.B．View learning as extending and transforming the understanding we already have.C．Assumptions about the new behaviors themselves learned.D．View learning as writing associations on the blank slates of our brains. 57．Which of the following stages is NOT one of the development of an automated skill?A．Cognitive.B．Associative.C．Autonomous.D．Practice.58．Which one of the following is the best for attaining knowledge retention and transfer?A．Reading text passages.B．Attending lectures.C．Participating in class discussions.D．Concept mapping activities.59．Critical thinking skills are useful in almost every life situation. Which one of the following critical thinking skills is about judging information related to the problem?A．Identify central issues or problems.B．Compare similarities and difference.C．Formulate appropriate questions.D．Distinguish among fact, opinion, and reasoned judgment.60．Which of the following is NOT true about deep learning?A．Learners relate new ideas and concepts to previous knowledge and experience.B．Learners integrate their knowledge into interrelated conceptual systems. C．Learners have difficulty making sense of new ideas that are different from what they encountered in the textbook.D．Learns reflect on their own understanding and their own process of learning.61．Which one of the following elements is NOT one which defines true cooperative learning?A．Face-to-face interaction.B．Competition.C．Individual accountability.D．Collaborative skills.62．External factors can affect student’s sense of efficacy for the task. Environmental and personal factors encourage students’ behaviors, and these behaviors also impact personal factors and social environment. Which theory can best interpret this?A．Behaviorist theory.B．Constructivist theory.C．Social cognitive theory.D．Social-cultural theory.63．All but which one of the following would be source of self-efficacy expectations?A．Instructional strategies.B．Mastery experiences.C．Arousal.D．Social persuasion.64．When Susan wanted to learn the arts, she sought challenges, persisted when she encountered difficulties, and felt better about her work. Can you judge which goal orientation is reflected in the example?A．Mastery goal.B．Performance goal.C．Work-avoidance goal.D．Social goal.65．Covington suggests that there are three kinds of motivational sets: mastery-oriented, failure-avoiding, and failure-accepting. Which one of the following is the failure-accepting students’ characteristics?A．An incremental view of ability; Learned helplessness strategy; Expectation of failure.B．An entity view of ability; Self-defeating strategy; Expectation of failure. C．An entity view of ability; Learned helplessness strategy; High fear of failure.D．An entity view of ability; Learned helplessness strategy; Expectation of failure.66．What is the aim of classroom management?A．To keep an orderly classroom.B．To establish the primacy of the teacher.C．To sustain a quiet and disciplined environment.D．To maintain a positive, productive learning environment.67．If you are a competent teacher, a student says to you, “That book you assigned is really stupid. I’m not reading it!” What should you say?A．I chose the book because it is the best example of the author’s style in our library.B．Did you really read it? I bet you didn’t do the work.C．Your job is to read the book not ask me why. I know what‘s best.D．You’re pretty upset. This seemed like a worthless assignment to you.68．Direct instruction is best used when teachers________.A．have their students explore numerous pathways to solve a mathematics problemB．encourage their students to refine their creativity in artC．assign critical thinking exercisesD．instruct basic skills69．Teachers sometimes make determinations about their students’ abilities based upon little evidence. When teachers expect their student will not do well, their words and actions can actually make that expectation come true regardless of the validity. This effect is referred to as________.A．sustaining expectation effectB．self-fulfilling prophecyC．supportive withdrawD．professional license70．Three years after Tom ended their relationship, Julie finally understood her grandmother’s words “Darling he did you a favor.” Which term best describes this?A．foresightB．hindsightC．hindranceD．foresight-behind sight71．The process of seeking out and interpreting situations so as to attain a positive view ofoneself is________.A．self-conceptB．self-indulgenceC．self-enhancementD．self-induced ideals72．Abbey has found that sometimes, men inappropriately attribute a woman’s friendliness toward them as expression of sexual interest in them. This can be seen as a________.A．misattributionB．friendly flirtationC．hostile attributional biasD．inaccurate intuition73．“It always rains after I wash the car.” This statement is an exampleof________.A．inferential statisticsB．the confirmation biasC．an illusory correlationD．a positive correlation74．People’s tendency to seek out, interpret, and otherwise filter information in ways that verify their existing beliefs is called________.A．framingB．self-preceptionC．the primacy effectD．confirmation bias75．Dissonance theory explains attitude________, while self-perception theory explainsattitude________.A．formation; changeB．incongruity; justificationC．change; formationD．Justification; incongruity76．When a person conforms gain acceptance, we say they are bowingto________.A．informational influenceB．qualitative influenceC．normative influenceD．proxima influence77．Groupthink is used to describe________.A．the positive aspects that occur when a group works togetherB．group dynamics that can interfere with group decision-making processes and can produce disastrous resultsC．when group member have in-jokes and give each other knowing glancesD．when group member are on the same wavelength and complete each others’ sentences78．Jeff’s neighbor yells and scream at him for not picking up the grass trimmings after Jeff mows the lawn. Jeff fells sorry for the man and doesn’t take it personally because he knows the neighbor is having a hard time in his life and the verbal rage reaction could be a sign of_______of aggression.A．catharsisB．displacementC．punctuationD．dissociation79．Which of the following is NOT one of Robert Sternberg’s components of love?A．Accompany.B．Intimacy.C．Passion.D．Commitment.80．Bystander inaction increases________.A．as the bystanders become more leisurelyB．as the bystanders are more observantC．as the number of bystanders increasesD．as the number of bystanders decreases81．In Zimbardo’s Prison Study, subjects were assigned to be either a prisoner or a guard. Things got out of hand rapidly, with “guards” treating “prisoners” sadistically. After the experiment ended, both group said the power of________.overtook them.A．slave laborB．the cultureC．their rolesD．the norms82．The typical profile or prototype of a disorder in the DSM-IV-TR AND ICD-10 reflects the________.A．treatments for mental disordersB．causes of mental illnessC．theoretical perspectives on abnormalityD．diagnostic criteria for psychological disorders83．Most psychological disorders appear to be influenced be many individual genes rather than caused by one single gene, a process referred to as________.A．multigenticB．polygenicC．unigenicD．morphogenic84．In trying to understand and help a person with a psychological problem, the mental health professional will obtain detained information about the person’s life as part of a________.A．mental status examB．clinical interviewC．brain scanD．physical exam85．People suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder （PTSD） may display all of the following symptoms, EXCEPT________. A．memories and nightmares of the eventB．numbing of emotional responsivenessC．decreased startle response and chronic under-arousalD．sudden ‘flashbacks’ in which the traumatic is relived86．Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder（GAD）?A．Worrying about minor daily events.B．Muscle tension.C．Mental agitation.D．Hypersomnia.87．Tap-Tap plays soccer for a big soccer club. He has completely lost his vision during the past year but medical experts can find no physical reason for his blindness. This could be an example of________.A．dissociative disorderB．somatization disorderC．conversion disorderD．hypochondriasis88．Unlike Schizophrenia or an eating disorder, personally disorders can be viewed as disorders of________.A．biology rather than learningB．learning rather than diseaseC．degree rather than kindD．functioning rather than disease89．Which of the following would NOT be an example of substance use?A．Smoking a cigarette.B．Drinking a cup of coffee.C．Taking a sleeping pill.D．Getting drunk.90．Which of the following is characteristic of hebephrenia?A．Silly and immature behavior.B．Early madness.C．Alternating immobility and agitated excitement.D．Delusions of grandeur persecution.二、论述题（每小题30分，共120分）91．在知觉加工的早期阶段，知觉是局部优先，还是整体优先一直是科学界关心的问题。
北京师范大学心理学研究试题及答案
北京师范大学心理学研究试题及答案一. 填空题(每空2分，共10分)1. 算术平均数的所用是描述了一组数据的____2. 在正态分布中，标准差为___时百分等级数为163. 误差包括随机误差和___，他会影响___4. 在选择题中，增加题目数量会影响____二.1.什么是速度测验和难度测验?两者的区别是什么?2.有人说：“t检验适用于样本容量小于30的情况。
Z检验适用于大样本检验”，谈谈你对此的看法3.简述两个你所了解的测验名称及其用途4.学业考试成绩为x，智力测验分数为y，已知这两者的rxy=0.5，IQ=100+15z，某学校根据学业考试成绩录取学生，录取率为15%，若一个智商为115的学生问你他被录取的可能性为多少，你如何回答他?5.如果两总体中的所有个体都进行了智力测验，这两个总体智商的平均数差异是否还需要统计检验?为什么?6.选择统计检验程序的方法时要考虑哪些条件，才能正确应用统计检验方法分析问题7.哪些测量和统计的原因会导致两个变量之间的相关程度被低估8.举例阐述信号监测论在测量感受性方面的优势及其应用领域9.视觉试验的额外变量有哪些?如何有效的控制这些变量10.简述反应时测量技术的基本思想及其在心理学实验研究中的应用三.1.传统心理物理实验方法测量感受性时会产生哪些方面的误差。
请分析可能影响获得可靠数据的因素即可采取的措施2.举例阐述在一个2[组间]*3[组内]的混合实验中采用哪些统计方法对两个因素的数据变化趋势、因素的主效应、交互作用进行详细和深入的分析?如果交互作用显著，应如何进行进一步的分析，并对统计结果进行解释3.什么是常模参照测验和标准参照测验?比较其异同，并举例说明名词解释：1 脑成像技术2 特征觉察器3 激活扩散模型4 情绪智力5 人格测验的Q分类法6 客体永久性7 发展任务8 心理理论9 同化与顺应10 维果斯基简答题1 朱智贤主要从那几个方面对儿童心理发展规律进行了阐述?其主要观点是什么?2 简述西方儿童心理学产生和发展的基本历史过程。
2013考研北师大心理学专业真题解析及备考指导
2013考研北师大心理学专业真题解析及备考指导D（3）项目技术负责人简历表三、施工方案（1）道路工程1、拆除工程拆除工程主要包括：拆除路面、拆除基层、拆除人行道、拆除侧缘石、拆除砖石结构等。
1、拆除旧路面①旧路结构拆除旧路结构拆除以旧有的人行步道结构层拆除为主，考虑不能破毁原有的路面结构以及施工作业面距离临街的商家、居民较近，拆除采用人工破除。
拆除顺序为：揭除人行步道砖→破除步道原有结构层→移除道路立缘石→移除道路平缘石。
拆除旧路缘石时，应注意保护现有路面的结构层不被扰动。
②局部路基处理方案在旧路结构破除及土方开挖完毕后，对原状土达不到规范要求的部分进行局部处理。
处理方法为石灰土拌和处理，施工方法如下：1）准备下承层：在将达不到规范要求的淤泥、炉渣等松软土挖除后，将基底原土翻松一层（20cm厚），再整平压实、检查压实度合格后，准确放出上土高程。
2）拌和：人工首先用在布好石灰的表面进行翻拌两遍，并根据含水量洒水，再用人工拌和，直至均匀，无花面灰团等现象。
并在拌和过程中检查含水量，如含水低时要在拌和过程中洒水。
3）碾压成型：拌和后用蛙式打夯机进行整平，严格控制各点标高，采用3点埋砖法进行控制，整平后在最佳含水量或大于最佳含水量1～2%时进行碾压，碾压顺序为先静压再振动压实最后静碾一至两遍，对路侧边缘要比正常情况多压2～3遍，保证全断面压实度达到规范要求。
2、拆除砖石构筑物高度5m以上的，上部用人工与风镐配合凿除，下部视其坚硬程度和场地条件，分别采取挖机直接挖除、凿岩台车粒除、风镐凿除等不同方式。
3、拆除工程的全部垃圾必须及时装车运至合法的地点弃土。
2、沥青路面的施工工艺1、洒布法沥青路面面层施工用洒布法施工的沥青路面面层有沥青表面处治和沥青贯入式两种，沥青表面处治是用沥青和细料矿料分层铺筑成厚度不超过3cm的薄层路面面层，通常采用层铺法施工，按照洒布沥青及铺撒矿料的层次的多少，可分为单层式、双层式和三层式三种，单层式和双层式为三层式的一部分。
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北师大教育心理学考研模拟题第七章及
答案详解
教育心理学
第七章学习策略及其教学策略
一、选择题
1.以下哪种情况属于认知策略( )
A.学生看书的时候碰到不会的单词就查字典
B.为了记住要点，看书时划出关键词
C.学完功课时自己进行测验
D.为了提高效率，选择在图书馆这样安静的地方学习
2.以下哪一个是元认知策略的例子( )
A.学生考试后，能准确地预测自己的分数
B.学生在学习中能举一反三
C.学生能利用复述策略进行记忆
D.学生在阅读时，遇到难点立即停下来思考或回到前面重新阅读
3.以下哪一个不是资源管理策略( )
A.习惯在固定的一个地方上自习
B.相信自己努力就可以学好
C.碰到不懂的问题向老师请教
D.常常思考自己的学习方法是否正确
4.司机开车的时候手握方向盘，脚踩油门，眼睛看观后镜，这是注意的( )
A.转移
B.集中
C.分配
D.稳定
5.一般说来，注意的是一种技能。
( )
A.转移
B.集中
C.分配
D.稳定
6.记忆圆周率“3.14159……”时采用口诀“山颠一寺一壶酒……”，这种加工策略是( )
A.位置记忆法
B.首字联词法
C.限定词法
D.关键词法
7.昨天，我们学习了一个英文单词interest,今天又学习其形容词形式interesting，由于有了昨天的基础，今天学习特别快。
这属于( )
A.前摄促进
B.倒摄促进
C.前摄抑制
D.倒摄抑制
8.学习的“倒摄抑制”是指( )
A.先学的东西由于受到后学东西的干扰被遗忘了
B.原来的观念太根深蒂固，影响了新知识的接收
C.学习某件事有助于以后学习类似的东西
D.后来的知识是原先学的知识更加巩固
9.当朋友给我念一串电话号码时，我只记住最后几位数字，这种现象叫做( )
A.首位效应
B.近位效应
C.登门槛效应
D.门面效应
10.下面哪一种复述策略是“过度学习”( )
A.把大的知识块分成小单元学习
B.刚刚听完的课，马上复习一遍
C.每次从头到尾看完一遍书就盖上回忆一下
D.考前临时抱佛脚
11.看完文章时，以金字塔的形式把要点呈现出来，这种编码策略叫做( )
A.作关系图
B.列提纲
C.运用理论模式
D.画地图
12.以下的分类哪一个不属于元认知策略( )
A.计划策略
B.复述策略
C.监控策略
D.调节策略
13.看阅读题的时候，带着问题去看文章这种元认知策略是( )
A.调节策略
B.注意策略
C.计划策略
D.监控策略
14.关于任务难度与努力程度的关系，说法正确的是( )
A.任务越简单，越能激励自己努力
B.任务越难，越能激励自己
C.中等难度的任务比太难或太易的任务更容易激励自己
D.任务难度与努力程度没有关系
15.以下哪种不属于学业求助策略( )
A.经常与同学交流学习心得
B.向成绩优秀的学生请教
C.上网查资料
D.把自己的成功经验传给学弟学妹
小提示：目前本科生就业市场竞争激烈，就业主体是研究生，在如今考研竞争日渐激烈的情况下，我们想要不在考研大军中变成分母，我们需要：早开始+好计划+正确的复习思路+好的辅导班（如果经济条件允许的情况下）。
2017考研开始准备复习啦，早起的鸟儿有虫吃，一分耕耘一分收获。
加油！。