故宫博物院各景点中英文介绍(跟故宫景点现场的介绍一样)
故宫景点英文介绍作文
故宫景点英文介绍作文The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is one of China's most iconic landmarks and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Located in the heart of Beijing, it served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties, spanning over 500 years of Chinese history. Let's delve into the fascinating history and attractions of this magnificent cultural treasure.The Forbidden City, with its grandeur and historical significance, attracts millions of visitors from around the world every year. Covering an area of 180 acres, it comprises over 980 buildings with more than 8,700 rooms, making it the world's largest palace complex.Upon entering the Forbidden City through its imposing Meridian Gate, visitors are greeted by the vast expanse of the Outer Court, where important ceremonies and events were held during imperial times. Here stands the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the largest and most significant building in thecomplex. It was where the emperor conducted state affairs and held grand ceremonies such as coronations and imperial weddings.Adjacent to the Hall of Supreme Harmony lies the Hall of Central Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony, forming the core of the Outer Court. These halls were used for rehearsing ceremonies and storing imperial treasures.As visitors progress further into the Forbidden City, they enter the Inner Court, which was the living quarters of the emperor and his family. The Inner Court consists of several palaces and halls, including the Palace of Heavenly Purity, where the emperor handled daily affairs and held private audiences.One of the most famous attractions within the Inner Court is the Palace of Heavenly Purity, where the emperor resided with his empress and concubines. Its intricate design and exquisite decorations provide a glimpse into the luxurious lifestyle of the imperial family.Another highlight of the Forbidden City is the Imperial Garden, a tranquil oasis amidst the bustling complex. Here, visitors can wander through traditional Chinese gardens, admire ancient pavilions, and marvel at rare plant species carefully curated over centuries.In addition to its architectural splendor, the Forbidden City houses a vast collection of cultural relics and artifacts, including paintings, calligraphy, ceramics, and furniture. The Palace Museum boasts over 1.8 million pieces of invaluable cultural treasures, offering visitors a comprehensive insight into China's rich history and cultural heritage.Exploring the Forbidden City is not only a journey through China's imperial past but also a testament to the country's enduring cultural legacy. Its magnificent architecture, exquisite craftsmanship, and profound historical significance continue to captivate and inspire visitors from all corners of the globe.In conclusion, the Forbidden City stands as a symbol ofChina's glorious imperial era and serves as a testament to the country's rich cultural heritage. With its awe-inspiring architecture, fascinating history, and priceless treasures, it remains a must-visit destination for travelers seeking to immerse themselves in the grandeur of ancient China.。
介绍故宫的英语词语
介绍故宫的英语词语作为中国最具代表性的文化遗产之一，故宫承载了数千年的历史与文化。
在探访这座壮丽的皇家宫殿时，了解一些相关的英语词汇是必不可少的。
本文将为您盘点部分介绍故宫的英语词语，让您在欣赏故宫美景的同时，也能感受到皇家殿堂的独特魅力。
一、故宫的英文名称故宫的英文名称是“Forbidden City”，意为“禁城”。
这个名称源于明朝时期，当时皇宫是禁止百姓进入的禁地。
如今，故宫已经成为了中国的一个著名旅游景点，每年吸引着成千上万的游客前来参观。
二、故宫的主要建筑1.太和殿（Hall of Supreme Harmony）：太和殿是故宫的主殿，也是明清两代皇帝举行大型庆典和接见外国使臣的地方。
2.乾清宫（Hall of Heavenly Purity）：乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫，也是故宫中保存最为完整的建筑之一。
3.午门（Meridian Gate）：午门是故宫的正门，高大雄伟，气势磅礴。
4.九龙壁（Nine Dragon Screen）：九龙壁是故宫的一处著名景点，以其精美的雕刻和绚丽的色彩而著称。
三、故宫的珍宝1.玉器（Jadeware）：故宫收藏了大量的玉器，包括玉鼎、玉簋、玉璧等。
2.瓷器（Porcelain）：故宫的瓷器收藏丰富，包括青花瓷、五彩瓷、粉彩瓷等。
3.书画（Paintings and Calligraphy）：故宫收藏了大量的古代书画作品，包括了许多名家的作品。
4.铜器（Bronzeware）：故宫的铜器收藏也相当丰富，包括铜鼎、铜簋、铜镜等。
四、故宫的历史背景故宫始建于1406年，历经14年完成。
它是明清两代皇帝的皇宫，也是世界上现存规模最大、保存最为完整的木质结构古建筑群之一。
故宫不仅是中国古代建筑的瑰宝，更是中华民族的文化遗产。
在故宫的每一砖一瓦、每一亭一楼中，都蕴含着丰富的历史和文化内涵。
五、参观故宫的注意事项1.遵守博物馆规定：在参观故宫时，请遵守博物馆的规定，不要触摸或破坏文物。
故宫重要景点英文介绍-The-Forbidden-City(汇编)
for the Ming and Qing 24 emperors to live and handle state affairs. It has a history of about 600 years.Name Source:In the feudal society, emperor was commonly considered the son of God, so he always had the supreme power and his residence was absolutely forbidden to the common people. What is the name source of Forbidden City. Of course, it is open to the public today, so you guys are very lucky!Room: The forbidden city is rectangular in shape with a total space of about 163,000 square meters. There was a popular saying that it had 9,999 and a half rooms in the Forbidden city. Accordingly, the number is only a half less to 10,000 because emperor on earth did not dare to compare himself with the God of Heaven. Well in fact, the forbidden city consists of 980 buildings with 8,700 rooms. It’s amazing, right? What shocked me most is that the appearance is never disordered with so many rooms. That is mainly because the forbidden city was built along the central north-south axis and show great symmetry.Path: Today our pathway is from south to the north, that is, we entered the forbidden city from Meridian Gate and exit from the Gate of Divine Prowess. The total journey inside is about 2 hours.1: The Meridian Gate（午门）Name source: the emperor believed that the meridian line went through the forbidden city and his imperial residence was the center of the whole universe. That is another explanation is that in the ancient times, “ meridian” means “South”.2:The gate of Supreme Harmony（太和门）Function: Emperor usually held his imperial audience, accepted documents from his ministers and made decisions here.The following three halls are the main buildings in the outer court, successively, they are The Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Middle Harmony and The Hall of Preserving Harmony.3: the Hall of Supreme Harmony:（太和殿）The emperor exercised his role (重大典礼)over the country here. It is a hall for grandceremonies as well as important festival celebrations.4: The hall of Middle Harmony（中和殿）The name of Middle comes from the Confucius idea of “mean” and “impartial”. It is a place for the emperor to take a short rest. In Qing Dynasty, the emperor usually came here and examined the tools for ploughing（农耕）in spring time. Besides that, the emperor also held ceremony of presenting the genealogy revision and approval.5: the hall of Preserving Harmony（保和殿）It is a place for the emperor to have banquets to entertain the civil and military officials. Later in Qing Dynasty, emperor held the Imperial Palace examination here. Attention! There is no pillar in its front part.When you are walking through the Gate of Heavenly Purity（乾清门）, you have entered the Inner Court.Resembling to the outer court, there are also three main buildings inside, the first one you are seeing is6:The palace of Heavenly Purity（乾清宫）In Ming and Early Qing Dynasty, emperors used to live here and handle the daily affairs. Later after emperor Yongzheng, it was changed to be an audience chamber for receiving foreign ambassadors and envoys form vassal states.8：the palace of Union and Peace（交泰殿）It is a place where the empress held the important ceremonies and her birthday celebration. in Qing Dynasty, the empress usually came here and examined the tools for picking mulberry in spring time.Name source: the name of this palace came from the book of Changes(ZHOU YI), which means the intercourse of heaven & earth, harmony of positive & negative, as well as the harmony betweenemperor & empress.7: The palace of Earthly Tranquility（坤宁宫）In Ming and Early Qing Dynasty, it was used as empress’s residence. Later ,the hall was completely reconstructed by imitating Qingning Palace(清宁宫) in Shenyang according to the Manchu’s custom.8:The Imperial Garden（御花园）it is about 12,000 square meters, containing more than 20 different types of buildings , pavilions, terraces etc. you can also see lots of pine trees, cypress trees and other botanies. Undoubtedly, the Imperial Garden is an ideal place for entertainment and relaxation.Ok, it is almost the end of our visit in the Forbidden city. You can have a 5 minutes short break here. The toilet is …….., please come back at…….The last spot is the Gate of Divine Prowess(神武门). Actually, the name of the gate was Xuanwumen at first, but when to Emperor Kangxi, as his name is Xuanye, the gate’s name had the same pronunciation with emperor’s name. You know, it was a serious taboo for mentioning the emperor’s name in ancient times. Hence the gate’s name was finally changed to “Shenwumen”.。
故宫景点英文介绍作文
故宫景点英文介绍作文英文：The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a must-visit attraction in Beijing, China. As the largest imperial palace in the world, it was the home of 24 emperors in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The palace covers an area of 720,000 square meters and has more than 8,000 rooms. It is a symbol of ancient Chinese culture and architecture.When I first entered the Forbidden City, I was amazed by the grandeur and magnificence of the palace. Theintricate and delicate carvings on the walls and pillars, the beautiful gardens and courtyards, and the historical artifacts displayed in the museum all showcase the rich history and culture of China.One of my favorite parts of the Forbidden City is the Hall of Supreme Harmony. This is the largest hall in thepalace and was used for important ceremonies and events. The throne of the emperor is located in the hall, and the ceiling is adorned with dragons and other mythical creatures.Another highlight of the Forbidden City is the Imperial Garden. This beautiful garden is located at the northern end of the palace and was used by the emperors for relaxation and entertainment. The garden features rock formations, pavilions, and ponds, all designed to create a peaceful and harmonious atmosphere.Overall, the Forbidden City is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Chinese history and culture. It is a testament to the grandeur and power of the ancient Chinese emperors and a reminder of the rich cultural heritage of China.中文：故宫，也称为故宫博物院，是中国北京市的必游景点。
紫禁城介绍 英文
Outside in (外朝）
•太和palace
•中和palace
•保和palace
Inner court （内延）
•乾清palace
•交泰palace
•坤宁palace
太和Palace
This is the most
Байду номын сангаас
grandeur.And this temple
area is the largest one of various in Forbidden
金水河太和门太和殿中和殿保和殿坤宁宫palaceimperialgarden御花园神武门景山乾清palace太和palace中和palace保和palace交泰palacebriefintroductionthepalacemuseum
景山 神武门 Imperial Garden(御花园） 坤宁宫palace 交泰palace 乾清palace 保和殿 保和palace 中和殿 中和palace 太和殿 太和palace
神武门
Shenwumen is a daily access gate. Now this gate is the main entrance. 神武门是日常出 入的门。现在是 故宫的正门。
Four Entrance
The Meridian Gate to the south午门（南） the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north神武门（北） Donghua to the east东华门（东） the Xihua Gate to the west西华门（西）
太和门 金水河
Brief introduction
故宫英语导游词及景区讲解
故宫英语导游词及景区讲解故宫英语导游词及景区讲解故宫是世界上现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的'古建筑群。
下面是店铺给大家整理的故宫英语导游词，仅供参考。
故宫英语导游词【篇一】Dear friends from the tourists:Today, I lead you to visit the Palace Museum.The Palace Museum is located in the centre of Beijing, this once imperial palace of the Ming and qing dynasties, also known as the Forbidden City. Ming yongle palace was built in four years to 18 years, is now said that from 1406 to 1420. Beijing the imperial palace for the world's top five palaces, four other temple are the French Versailles palace, Buckingham Palace, Russia, the kremlin and the White House. The Forbidden City, north and south long 961 meters, 753 meters wide, covers an area of about 725000 square meters. Construction area of 15. 50000 square meters. The Palace Museum is enough big!Legend has it the imperial palace, 9999. 5 rooms, someone did image analogy: if someone from newborn to begin to live, to live to 27 years old can be finished. According to the actual 1973 experts and field measurement of the Forbidden City room is 8704.The Forbidden City has four door, front door named wumen. Meridian gate has five hole. Its surface is concave, magnificent. Meridian gate after five delicate white marble Bridges to the gate. Dongmen DongHuaMen, Simon xihua gate, north gate of creature. Even the palace of the four corner has choiceness exquisite watchtower, the 27. 5 meters, cross ridge, three double-hipped roof, all bright mountain, polygonal, building is a magnificent structure.The back door "creature", the Ming dynasty as "xuanwu gate, basalt is the ancient one of the four god beast, tell from the azimuth, left tsing lung, right white tiger, QianZhuQiao, basalt, basaltic main north, so the north door of the imperial palace named" basalt ". The qing emperor kangxi years because of the taboo renamed "creature". Creature is a gate door building form, with the highest level of double-hipped roof hip roof type roof, but it's only five studio with wai gallery of the hall, there is no stretch forward around the flanks of so in shape to a level lower than the meridian gate. Creature door is the daily discrepancy of entrance guard. Now the creature door to the Palace Museum front door.DongHuaMen correspond to gate xihua remote door has dismount monument, gate, north and south, the golden stream flow, 1 on stone bridge, bridge, the north gate of three. DongHuaMen the same as the xihua gate shape, flat rectangular, red ChengTai, white jade 须弥座, construct three coupons door, among foreign stamps hole inside the circle. On the city built towers, yellow glazed tile double-hipped roof top hip roof, the gate width 5, depth between the three, all around the gallery.The first three of the biggest buildings in the temple is the palace, covering an area of up to 8. 12% of 50000 square meters, is miyagi, after three to 25% of the first three house, who in turn palace, main highlight three palace after the first three temple, the main position. Positioning in 1961 China's first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.Ok, you can free activities, play while you pay attention to safety, keep the attractions of health, I wish you all have a goodtime.故宫英语导游词【篇二】Hello everyone, my name is ma macmillan, guide to visit the Palace Museum tour guide at this time. Let me simple introduce you to the imperial palace:The imperial palace is listed as world cultural heritage in 1987. It is also called the Forbidden City, is the imperial palace during the Ming and qing dynasties, the Forbidden City is one of the world's largest and most complete existing ancient wooden buildings, the largest and most complete existing ancient buildings for our country. It is Ming yongle built four years (AD 1406), 14 years to complete, a total of 24 emperors successively in this reign.The Palace Museum covers an area of more than 720000 square meters, a total of 9000 palace, the most attractive building is the three main halls: taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace. They are all built in white marble stylobate on build by laying bricks or stones into 8 meters high, looking like the mythical Joan GongXian que.Visit the Palace Museum, it is to appreciate the colorful architectural art; The second is to watch and precious cultural relics on display in indoor. The Palace Museum has 1 million pieces of cultural relics.Into the Forbidden City, from tiananmen square, also can by the back door - the creature into the door. Today we choose from tiananmen square, using a half-day tour of the Forbidden City, everyone will play more tired, please to be prepared for visitors.Here is free time, now is 12 noon, please in creature door 6 PM, I will be waiting there for you. I wish you all have fun, thank you!故宫英语导游词【篇三】Everybody is good! My name is wang, can call me the king tour guide. Today we are going to swim the Palace Museum, it was listed as a world heritage site in 1987.Look! In front of us now is the Palace Museum. It is also called the Forbidden City, is the imperial palace during the Ming and qing dynasties, is the world's largest and most complete existing ancient wooden buildings. It is Ming yongle built four years (AD 1406), 14 years to complete, covers an area of 720000 square meters. There are 9999 palace. A total of 24 emperors successively in this reign.Now we three buildings in the Forbidden City is the most attractive, the solar temple, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, they are all yellow glass roof and green white stone base, decorated with resplendent and magnificent painting. Tell you a recent discoveries: all of the imperial palace palace is arranged by along a north-south axis, and to expand on both sides, north and south straightening, left and right sides is symmetrical. The central axis not only within the imperial palace, and nanda YongDingMen, north to the bell tower, drum tower, throughout the entire city, verve, magnificent plan is rigorous, very spectacular. Inside the palace is now about one million items of precious historical relics and art collection. And, more importantly, the imperial palace construction according to the layout of function is divided into the outer court and the imperial palace, the outer court and the imperial palace by a gate of heavenly purity, dry outside the south gate of dynasty qing, north of the imperial palace. The outer court in taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace three main halls as the center, in addition the two wings with mandarin house, therefore the court,south three, hall of martial valor, office buildings, etc. I'm afraid you will ask, and the imperial palace? Don't worry, stay will say to the imperial palace area.Ok, we can say now. Because we came to the center of the imperial palace, after three palace, the palace of heavenly purity, alternating between tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility. Imperial palace flanks are yangxin temple, east sixth, west sixth palace, the hall of abstinence, min city palace. Although they like in front of the three main halls (yellow glass roof and green white stone base), but the internal structure of the east to the table, tea table, west cultural relics for the chair. Three palace, the imperial and creature door, after the creature door to the north gate, east gate DongHuaMen, Simon called xihua gate, main entrance is the meridian gate.Okay, now into the free browsing time, time for three hours, please pay attention to the points:1. Not call, do not run, do not disorderly touch, do not tamper with, do not litter;2. Keep quiet;3. Now back to the location of the set on time.How time flies, suddenly the say goodbye. The tourists, goodbye! Hope the next time you come to Beijing to visit the Forbidden City!。
故宫各景点介绍英文作文
故宫各景点介绍英文作文英文：The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a treasure trove of Chinese history and culture. As you step through its gates, you're transported back in time to the splendor of ancient China. Each of its iconic landmarks holds a unique story waiting to be discovered.First, let's talk about the Hall of Supreme Harmony. This majestic building served as the ceremonial center of the imperial palace, where emperors held court and conducted important state affairs. Its grandeur is unparalleled, with intricate wooden carvings, imposing pillars, and a towering roof adorned with mythical creatures.Next, we have the Hall of Central Harmony, which was the emperor's private retreat for meditation and preparation before important ceremonies. It's smaller inscale compared to the Hall of Supreme Harmony but no less impressive. The attention to detail in its design reflects the importance of balance and harmony in Chinese philosophy.Moving on to the Hall of Preserving Harmony, this structure was used for hosting grand banquets and imperial examinations. It's a place where scholars gathered to showcase their knowledge and compete for prestigious positions in the government. The atmosphere inside thishall must have been electric during those times of intellectual debate and rivalry.Then there's the Palace of Heavenly Purity, whichserved as the living quarters for emperors and their consorts. It's a glimpse into the personal lives of the imperial family, with beautifully decorated chambers and gardens where they could relax away from the public eye.Lastly, I can't forget to mention the Imperial Garden,a tranquil oasis within the bustling palace grounds. Here, emperors could escape the pressures of court life and enjoy moments of solitude surrounded by nature's beauty. It's atestament to the importance of balance between man-made structures and the natural world.Overall, each of these landmarks within the Forbidden City offers a fascinating insight into the lives of China's emperors and the rich cultural heritage they left behind.中文：紫禁城，又称故宫博物院，是中国历史文化的宝库。
介绍故宫全部景点作文英语
介绍故宫全部景点作文英语The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a treasure trove of Chinese history and culture. With its vast size and rich architectural details, it offersvisitors a glimpse into the imperial past of China. Let's explore the various attractions within this majestic complex.1. Meridian Gate (Wu Men):The journey into the Forbidden City begins at the Meridian Gate, the southern entrance to the complex. Its impressive architecture and towering presence set the tone for the grandeur that awaits within.2. Hall of Supreme Harmony (Tai He Dian):As one of the largest wooden structures in China, the Hall of Supreme Harmony served as the ceremonial center of the imperial palace. Its intricate design and ornatedecorations reflect the power and authority of the emperor.3. Hall of Central Harmony (Zhong He Dian):Situated between the Hall of Supreme Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony, this hall was where the emperor would prepare and rest before important ceremonies.4. Hall of Preserving Harmony (Bao He Dian):This hall was used for rehearsing ceremonies and storing imperial treasures. Its architecture mirrors that of the Hall of Supreme Harmony but on a slightly smaller scale.5. Gate of Heavenly Purity (Qian Qing Men):Beyond this gate lies the Inner Court, where the emperor and his family resided. The Gate of Heavenly Purity served as the entrance to the living quarters of the imperial family.6. Palace of Heavenly Purity (Qian Qing Gong):Within this palace, emperors would handle state affairs and hold important meetings. Its elegant design and tranquil surroundings provided a peaceful retreat for the rulers of China.7. Hall of Union (Jiao Tai Dian):Used for imperial weddings and other significant ceremonies, the Hall of Union symbolizes the harmony and unity of the royal family.8. Palace of Earthly Tranquility (Kun Ning Gong):This palace served as the residence of the empress and was the site of childbirth rituals and ceremonies.9. Gate of Divine Might (Shen Wu Men):The northern exit of the Forbidden City, the Gate of Divine Might, marks the end of the imperial compound andleads to the outer court.10. Imperial Garden:Tucked away in the northeast corner of the Forbidden City, the Imperial Garden offers a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of palace life. Its carefully landscaped gardens, pavilions, and ancient trees provide a serene environment for leisurely strolls.11. Six Eastern Palaces (Liu Yi Dian):These palaces were the residence of imperial concubines and their attendants. Each palace has its own unique layout and architectural style.12. Six Western Palaces (Liu Yi Dian):Similar to the Eastern Palaces, these structures housed additional concubines and court officials.13. Clock Exhibition Hall:Located in the northwest corner of the Forbidden City, this hall showcases a collection of ancient Chinese timekeeping devices, including water clocks and sundials.14. Treasures Gallery:Situated in the Hall of Clocks and Watches, the Treasures Gallery displays a wide range of imperial artifacts, including ceramics, jade, paintings, and calligraphy.15. Hall of Literary Glory (Wen Hua Dian):This hall was where imperial examinations were held during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It serves as a reminder of the importance of scholarship and education in Chinese society.Exploring the Forbidden City is like stepping back in time to an era of opulence, tradition, and imperial splendor. Each of its attractions offers a unique glimpseinto the rich history and culture of China, making it a must-visit destination for travelers from around the world.。
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故宫博物院各景点中英文介绍（跟故宫景点现场的介绍一样）题一：午门前讲解故宫(历史沿革中清明两朝概况;紫禁城名称的由来;紫禁城的布局;午门及午门广场)题二：故宫前朝(太和门及太和门广场;太和殿及太和殿广场;中和殿、保和殿)题三：故宫后廷(乾清门及乾清门广场;乾清宫;交泰殿;坤宁宫;御花园;神武门)题四：故宫后廷外东路(宁寿全宫;珍宝馆;宁寿全宫中其他建筑;千叟宴;珍妃井)题五：故宫后廷内西路主要建筑御花园(养心殿;储秀宫;御花园)讲解提示：故宫是一株宏大的宫殿建筑群，是导游讲解的难点、重点。
讲解过程注意按景点顺序讲解，每处景点要讲解清楚其历史沿革、建筑特点、用途和相关的历史文化知识。
题一：午门前讲故宫大家好，今天我们将参观故宫博物馆，现在我们所在的位置时故宫的午门前，在进入故宫之前，我先就故宫的情况向大家作个简单介绍。
故宫，又称紫禁城，原为明清两代的皇宫。
建于1406-1420年，距今已有580多年的历史了。
它是我国现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代皇宫建筑群，1987年被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。
紫禁城这一名称是怎样得来的呢?我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三恒、四象和二十八星宿。
三恒是太微恒、紫微恒河天市恒。
其中紫微恒居中，是天帝居住的地方，称为“紫宫”。
封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子，所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为人间的紫宫。
而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严，不许庶民百姓接近，是绝对的禁地，又称为禁宫，所以故宫又被叫做紫禁城。
故宫为北京的城中之城，坐落在北京的中轴线上，背靠景山，面南朝阳。
故宫南北长961米，东西宽753米，由无数房屋、高大的城墙和宽阔的护城河组成。
占地面积72万平方米，建筑面积15万平方米，相当于两个标准的足球场那么大。
共有宫殿房屋8704间(1973年统计)，这上千座房屋由10米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河护卫着。
故宫始建于永乐四年(1406)。
为营建这座宏伟的建筑群，明成祖朱棣派遣大臣到全国各地采备上好的建筑材料，明代采用上好的楠木，大都取自云、贵、川及两广地区;金砖产自苏州;汉白玉取于北京的房山。
在建造过程中，动用工匠23万，民夫百万人。
经过十四年的建造，紫禁城终于于永乐十八年(1420年)竣工。
永乐十九年元旦，朱棣迁都北京。
从此故宫开始成为明清两朝皇帝的生活之所。
明代从成祖朱棣到思宗朱由检，共有14位皇帝在此生活起居、治理国家。
清代从清世祖福临到逊帝溥仪，共有10位皇帝在紫禁城生活起居和治理国家。
在这五百多年的时间里，紫禁城可谓是饱经风雨。
明朝，在紫禁城建成后，人祸天灾就不断发生。
永乐十九年(1421)四月，紫禁城启用不到百日，前朝三大殿就被一场大火烧毁。
此后前朝三大殿、乾清宫、坤宁宫、奉天门、午门等处。
先后在正德、嘉庆、万历各朝屡遭火毁。
到崇祯年间又遇到战火，建筑、文物都遭到很大程度的破坏。
清朝证券入住紫禁城以后，经数代皇帝的经营，紫禁城逐步恢复了元气。
在此期间，清朝统治者在重建已毁宫殿建筑的基础上，又对部分区域进行了较大规模的改造，如文渊阁、南三所、西五所、宁寿全宫、斋宫、毓庆宫等。
清廷还特别重视防火，才去了许多防火措施。
首先。
是对紫禁城所有重要建筑进行防火结构的改造，增设防火墙、加厚墙体、封护房檐等。
其次、建立火班并且定时进行演练以防不测。
第三十配备消防器材，增加太平缸、激桶、水桶，以备不时之需。
这些措施有效地防止了火灾的发生，使紫禁城再现辉煌。
但是到了清末时期，由于国力的衰弱，清政府无心管理，故宫再次走上下坡路。
清宣统三年(1911年)，末代皇帝溥仪退位。
根据民国政府与清廷签订的《清室优先条例》，清廷人员仍可居住在紫禁城的内廷部分。
民国二年(1913)十月十日，袁世凯在紫禁城太和殿内举行了大总统就职典礼。
他将殿内的皇帝宝座撤掉，换成西施的靠背椅，并去掉了前朝所有匾额上的满文。
1924年11月，冯玉祥发动“北京政变”，修改了《清室优待条例》，要求溥仪立即迁出故宫，不然就要在景山上向故宫开炮，溥仪被迫搬出故宫。
清廷退出紫禁城后，1924年11月7日中华民国临时政府宣布成立“清室善后委员会”，负责清查清廷的财产，筹备成立博物馆事宜。
经过酝酿确定博物馆的名称为“故宫博物院”，并于1925年的10月10日举行故宫博物院成立典礼，紫禁城从此正式队社会开放。
解放50余年来，政府对故宫博物院的维护、保养、研究投下巨资，使紫禁城再次焕发青春。
下面向大家介绍下故宫的建筑布局。
故宫的建筑布局主要分为前朝和后廷两大部分。
前朝位于紫禁城中轴线南部。
以太和、中和、保和三大殿为主体，坐落在一沓巨大的“土”字形须弥座上。
因为这里是举行大朝会、体现国威帝尊的地方，所以这里的宫殿特别高大辉煌。
前朝两翼东侧为文华殿建筑群，西侧为武英殿建筑群。
后廷部分位于中轴线北部，是以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，东西六宫、宁寿全宫(东)、慈宁宫为两翼的建筑群。
它是帝后生活起居、处理日常政务的地方，所以也称为“后寝”。
紫禁城共有四道门，四个方向的正方位各开一门，南为午门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。
我们现在所在的这个午门，就是紫禁城的正门。
因为在古代“午”代表正中、正南。
午门城台正中建筑为重檐庑殿顶城楼，九五开间，代表皇帝的九五之尊。
城台上部由门口、钟鼓楼和雁翅楼组成。
由于午门为紫禁城的南门，南为朱雀，所以整个建筑是红墙黄瓦。
又因为整个城台为“凹”字形就像展翅飞翔的鸟，所以又叫“五凤楼”。
午门城台开有五个门，正门三间，东西两侧分别开左掖门和右掖门，东西向。
南面正门三间，北面五间，这种规制叫“明三暗五”。
另外，大家注意五个门的前后不同。
门洞南面为方形，背面为圆形，电表了天圆地方。
午门正门是专供皇帝出入的。
但是在清代，经殿试进士及第而考中三鼎甲者，在发黄榜的那天可以从正门出宫一次，以示奖励，皇后在皇帝大婚时可以从正门进宫，一生仅此一次。
在殿试的时候，贡士按名次单数走左掖门，双数走右掖门。
此外，皇帝在太和殿举行大朝礼时，三品以上文武百官走左门，宗室王公走右门，三品以下官员按文东武西的制度从左右掖门进出。
外国使节从西掖门进出。
明清两朝在午门前举行的活动分两类。
一类是逢年过节与官民同乐的活动;另一类是一些正式的典礼，其中最主要的有两个：一个是颁朔礼，每年的阴历十月初一，皇帝要在这里举行一个大的仪式，即向全国颁布次年的历书。
这部历书在明代和清代早期是由一个机构来编写出来的，这个机构叫钦天监。
钦天监将编号的历书进献皇上，以皇上的名义在此举行一个仪式，然后把历书颁布全国。
另一个重要的活动室献俘典。
在明代比较少清代比较多，尤其是康、雍、乾这几代，国内地方势力的平叛，还有对外的作战非常多，而且经常取胜，凡是获胜了都要在此举行隆重的献俘礼。
仪式的内容就是将战俘押解到午门城楼下，城楼上下都会站有很多军士。
皇帝会在官员的邀请下登楼，坐于楼的正中位置，然后军士把战俘押解过来，双手反绑，向皇帝跪拜，然后听从皇帝的发落。
除午门外，午门广场周边共设五个门，正南为端门，午门两观城台南侧，东为阙左门，西为阙右门。
这两门之南为朝房各42间，东朝房(吏、户、礼科)南侧为太庙右门，西朝房(兵、刑、工科)南侧为社稷坛左门。
阙左门、阙右门之北各有东西向朝房三间，原为王公朝房，现为故宫售票处。
一提起午门，大家可能马上想起“推出午门斩首示众”这句话。
其实午门前并未斩过人。
这里是明朝实施“廷杖”的地方。
廷杖就是对在朝廷上违逆了皇帝意志的大臣用棍子打的刑罚，处罚地点在午门外御路西墀之下。
明朝成化年以前，廷杖只是象征性的，并非真打。
后来逐渐演变成真打，不是发生伤人致死的事件，其中有两次廷杖轰动朝野。
一次是正德十四年(1591)，正德皇帝朱厚照腰刀江南选美，群臣阻谏，正德皇帝不但不听，还将劝谏大臣处以廷杖之刑，一次被打158人。
死15人;另一次是明嘉靖三年(1524)，因“大礼仪”事件，廷杖大臣134，死17人。
题二：故宫前朝各位朋友，穿过午门，现在我们已经进入故宫。
故宫中这第一进院落就是太和门广场。
首先我们看到是内金水河，它子西向东婉言流过太和门广场，上边有五座汉白玉石桥，就是内金水桥，它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。
金水桥下市内金水河，内金水河从紫禁城西北角筒子河涵道引入紫禁城，沿紫禁城内西侧南流，至武英殿东向，经武英殿门前，再东经涵道至太和门前。
又经涵道东出至文渊阁前水池，从文渊阁东出经三座门前石桥，最后流入无门东侧筒子河，全长2100米。
内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道，也是宫中营造用水和灭火的主要水源，同时还起到了分隔空间、点缀景观的作用，使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。
跨过金水桥，这片广场曾经是明代皇帝玉门听政时百官待驾的地方。
何谓“御门听政”呢?这“御门”即指太和门，即前朝的正门，初建于明永乐年间，当时叫奉天门，明嘉靖年间改称皇极门，清顺治年后改称太和门。
“听政”是指听取政事。
明永乐皇帝朱棣迁都北京不到百日，三大殿被大火烧毁，朱棣曾在此御门听政，处理国家朝政。
清朝入关后，清世祖福临的登基典礼、加封多尔衮为叔父摄政王、封吴三桂为平西王等活动都是在太和门举行的。
太和门东庑中间的门叫协和门，西庑中间的门叫熙和门。
太和门、协和门、熙和门加上前朝三大殿的太和殿、中和殿、保和殿称为“六合”。
在太和门两旁还有两道门，分别为昭德门和贞度门。
过了太和门我们就来到了故宫中最重要的院落--太和殿及其广场。
太和殿广场几本呈正方形，整个院落平坦宽阔，气势非凡。
中间御路以青石，两侧青砖墁地。
北有太和殿，南为太和殿，东为体仁阁，西为弘义阁，面积约3万平方米，是整座紫禁城面积的1/24。
整个广场可容纳近7万人。
在每年的元旦、冬至以及皇帝登基、大婚、万寿这些重大活动的时候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的大朝礼。
大家请看，远处正前方是一片汉白玉雕砌的三层高台基，呈“土”字形，俗称“三台”。
台基高8.13米，台边缘高7.12米，三层台基间，分列着18尊鼎式香炉。
在每一层基座的边缘都伸出很多小龙头，那些小龙的名字叫“螭”，是传说中一种没有角的龙，这些小龙头实际上是大殿的排水系统。
如果仔细看会发现每个龙头的嘴里都有一个小孔，即喷水孔，三层基座之上共设小龙头1142个，每当下大雨的时候，雨水便从1142个龙头嘴里的小孔内排出，非常壮观。
为管中一景，被称为“千龙吐水”。
三重台基承托着雄伟的三大殿，这就是故宫的中心建筑--太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。
其中太和殿位于“土”字形须弥座的南部，各位可以先在这里留个影，然后我们就去参观太和殿。
好!现在我们面前这座高台上的宏伟建筑就是太和殿，也就是民间所说的“金銮宝殿”。
太和殿是紫禁城的正殿，被视为黄泉的象征。
太和殿始建于明永乐年间，原名奉天殿，嘉靖年间重建后改称皇极殿。