1984年版高中英语课本第一册
1984年版高中英语课本第一册LESSON 1 HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGES马克思怎样学习外语Karl Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. He stayed in Belgium for a few years; then he went to France. Before long he had to move on again. In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.Marx had learned some French and English at school. When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited. He started working hard to improve it. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. In fact, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. Marx wrote back to say that Engels' praise had greatly encouraged him. However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things -- the grammar and some of the idioms.These letters were written in 1853. In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. When he wrote one of his great works, The Civil War in France, he had mastered the language so well that he was able to write the book in English.In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian.In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. He said when people are learning a foreign language, they should not translate everything into their own language. If they do this, it shows they have not mastered it. When they used the foreign language, they should try to forget all about their own. If they cannot do this, they have not really learned the spirit of the foreign language and cannot use it freely.)LESSON 2 AT HOME IN THE FUTURE未来的家A medical examination without a doctor or nurse in the room Doing shopping at home Borrowing books from the library without leaving your homeThese ideas may seem strange to you. But scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.Let us suppose we can visit a home at the end of this century. We will visit a boy named Charlie Green. He is not feeling well this morning. His mother, Mrs Green, wants the doctor to see him. That is, she wants the doctor to listen to him. She brings a set of wires to Charlie's room. These wires are called sensors. She places one sensor in his mouth and one on his chest. She puts another one around his wrist and one on his forehead. Then she plugs the sensors into a wall outlet. She says the code "TCP". This means "telephone call placed." A little light flashes on the wall. The Green's wireless telephone is ready for a call.Mrs Green says "2478", the doctor's telephone number. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: "Good morning.""Good morning, Dr Scott," answers Mrs Green. "Charlie isn't feeling too well this morning. I've put the sensors on him. I wonder if you can examine him now.""Sure," the doctor's voice says. "Well, he doesn't have a fever. And his pulse is fine. Now, breathe deeply,Charlie.">Charlie does so."Just a little cold," says the doctor. "Better stay inside today, Charlie. And take it easy.""Thank you, Doctor," says Mrs Green. "TCC (telephone call completed)." The light on the wall turns off. The phone call and the examination are finished."Charlie," says Mrs Green," since you have to stay at home, why don't you do some shopping You can pick out your new bicycle. After all, your birthday is only two weeks away.""Great," Charlie answers.Charlie and his mother sit in front of one of the visionphones. There are several in their house."TCP," says Charlie. The word ready appears on the screen of the visionphone."New Forest Bicycle Shop," a voice says. "May I help you"Charlie answers, "I'd like to see your ten-speed bicycles."In the next few minutes, pictures of many models of the bicycles are flashed on the creen. The price of each model is also shown.(Then the voice asks, "Are you interested in any of these models""Yes, I'm interested in model 6.""Do you wish to place an order at this time""Not just yet," answers Mrs Green. "My son's birthday is in two weeks' time. Thank you. TCC."The visionphone shuts off.Such would be our home in the future.LESSON 3 THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT盲人和象~Once upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India. Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging. They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for , being blind, how could theyOne morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. When they heard that an elephant was passing by, they asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a "look".Of course they could not look at him with their eyes, but they thought they might learn what kind of animal he was by touching and feeling him. For, you see, they trust their own sense of touch very much.The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephant's side. "Well, well, " he said. "This beast is exactly like a wall."The second grasped one of the elephant's tusks and felt it. "You're quite mistaken," he said. "He's round and smooth and sharp. He's more like a spear than anything else."The third happened to take hold of the elephant's trunk. "You're both completely wrong," he said. "This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see."The fourth opened both his arms the closed them around one of the elephant's legs. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. "It's very clear that he's round and tall like a tree."The fifth was a very tall man, and he caught one of the elephant's ears. "Even the blindest person must see that this elephant isn't like any of the things you name." he siad. "He's exactly like a huge fan."The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant. He was old and slow and it took him quite some timeto find the elephant at all. At last he got hold of the beast's tail. "Oh, how silly you all are!" cried he. "The elephant isn't like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. Any man with eyes in his head can see that he's exactly like a rope."Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant. They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like."It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.LESSON 4 GALILEO AND ARISTOTLE伽利略和亚里斯多德About 2300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle. He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster. He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones. His conclusion certainly sounded reasonale. But we now know that it is not true.In those days people seldom did experiments to test their ideas. When they observed anything that happened, they thought about it and then drew a conclusion. Once Aristotle made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. And because he was Aristotle, the great thinker, no one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years.Then, almost 400 years ago, an Italian scientist named Galileo began to question Aristotle's theory of falling objects. He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. He decided to do some experiments to test Aristotle's theory.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. From the top of the tower Galileo dropped a light ball and a heavy ball at exactly the same time. They both fell at about the same speed and hit the ground together. He tried the experiments again and again. Every time he got the same result. At last, he decided that he had found the truth about falling objects. As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one would belive him. But Galileo was not discouraged. He went on doing experiments to test the truth of other old ideas. He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. He collected facts that proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.）Today we praise Galileo and call him one of the founders of modern science. He observed things carefully and never took anything for granted. Instead, he did experiments to test and prove an idea before he was ready to accept it.An experiment was done on the moon in July, 1971. One of the US astronauts who made the first deep space walk on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather together. They both landed on the surface of the moon at the same time. This experiment proved that Galileo's theory of falling objects is true.LESSON 5 THE LOST NECKLACE丢失的项链Place: a park in ParisTime: a summer afternoon in 1870People: Mathilde Loisel, wifePierre Loisel, husband·Jeanne Forrestier, their friend(Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.)Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.Jeanne: (Looking at the other woman) I'm sorry, but I don't think I know you.Mathilde: No, you wouldn't, but many years ago you knew me well. I'm Mathilde Loisel.Jeanne: Mathilde! My old school friend. Is it possible But yes, of course it is. Now I remember. Where have you been all these years, Mathilde I hope you weren't ill.Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I wasn't ill. You see here an old woman. But it's because of hard work - ten years of hard work.Jeanne: But I don't understand, Mathilde. There's only one year between us; I'm thirty-five and you're thirty-four. Can hard work change a person that muchMathilde: Yes, it can. Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest. That has been my life for these past ten years.(Jeanne: Mathilde! I didin't know. I'm sorry. But what happenedMathilde: Well, I would rather not tell you.Jeanne: Oh, come, Mathilde .Surely you can tell an old friend.Mathilde: Well, ... Well, it was all necause of that necklace. Your necklace.Jeanne: My necklaceMathilde: Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklaceJeanne: Let me think. Ten years ago... Oh, yes, I remember. You were going to the palace with your husband, I think.Mathilde: Right. Pierre was working in a govenrment office, and for the first time in our lives we were invited to an important ball.(The scene changed to that evening in the home of Pierre and Mathilde Loisel.)Pierre: Yes, Mathilde, we're going to the ball, the palace ball!{Mathilde: I can't believe it!Piere: But it's true.Mathilde: Oh, Piere, how wonderful! But I haven't got a dress for the ball!Pierre；What does a new evening dress costMathilde: Mathilde: About four hundred francs.Pierre: Four hundred! That's a lot of money. But perhaps, just this once, we'll use what we have to get a new dress for you. This ball is very important to me. I was the only person in my office who was invited. Mathilde: Thank you, Pierre, you're so kind. Oh, but there's one other thing...Pierre: What is it, MathildeMathlde: I ... I have no jewelry.Pierre: Jewelry Do you need jewelry Why not just a flower*Mathilde: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say "I'm poor. I haven't got any jewelry."Pierre: Can't you borrow some jewelry from a friend, MathildeMathilde: Which friend My friends are all poor, too.Pierre: Let me think. How about Jeanne She married well. Perhaps she has some.Mathilde: Ah, yes, Jeanne. She married a man with a lot of money. I'll go and see her on Friday, after I get the new dress.Pierre: I'm sure she has something you can borrow.(The scene changes back to the park. Mathilde continues to tell Jeanne her story.)Mathilde: One Friday I came to see you, Jeanne. RememberJeanne: Yes, Mathilde, I remember.Mathilde: You were very kind. You brought out your jewelry and told me to take anything I wanted.[Jeanne: (Smiling) You were like a little girl. Your eyes became so big.Mathilde: There were so many things and they were all beautiful. It was hard to choose.Jeanne: Until you saw the diamond necklace.Mathlde: Yes, and then I knew I wanted to borrow the necklace. I didn't want anything else, only the necklace.Jeanne: I'm sure you looked beautiful that evening, Mathilde. You were always a very pretty girl. Mathilde: Perhaps in those days I was, but everything changed after that night at the palace. Jeanne: Didn't you have a good time at that ballMathilde: Yes, a very good time, but that was the last time... the last happy evening for the next ten years.Jeanne: But why, MathildeMathilde: On the way home I looked down at my dress and saw that the necklace was gone. I told Pierre. We returned to the palace and looked in every room, but couldn't find it. I never saw your necklace again, Jeanne.,Jeanne: But Mathilde, you brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well. Mathilde: Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace but it was a different one. I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. It cost us thirty-six thousand francs.Jeanne: Thirty-six thousand!Mathilde: Yes, Pierre and I brrowed the money and bought it. During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it. That is why you see this old woman before you now, Jeanne. Well, after all these years we've paid off all our debts.Jeanne: But Mathilde, my dear friend, that wasn't a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me. It was made of glass. It was worth five hundred francs at the most.LESSON 6 ABRAHAM LINCOLN亚伯拉罕·林肯Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. He spent his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm. His mother, who he loved dearly, died in 1818. Happily for him, his father' s second wife was kind to him too. When she saw that Abraham liked reading, she did all she could to help him. But the family was poor and the boy could not get many books. Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and little then. His whole school educationadded up to no more than one year.@As a young man he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster. He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was active in politics and strongly against slavery. In all his political life, he thought of building a free state for all the people.In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States. Then he worked still harder for freedom for the slaves. Soon the Southern states rebelled. They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. Fighting broke out between the North and the South. This was the American Civil War. The war lasted four years before the North won in the end. The nation was reunioned and the slaves were set free.In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time. But his enemies, the slave owners in the South and the bankers in big cities, who had grown rich on the work of the slaves, could not let Lincoln continue his work. He, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865, at a theatre in Washington, D.C. and died early the next morning. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news, for the people had come to love him as an inspiring leader, and a wise, warm-hearted, honest man.About seventeen months before his death, at the opening of a memorial to the many men who lost their lives fighting for the freedom of the Negroes, Abraham Lincoln told his people that the living must finish the work of those dead; that they must fight for freedom for all-Negroes and whites; that America must strengthen government of the people, by the people and for the people.Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents.LESSON 7 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES皇帝的新装Many years ago there lived an Emperor, who cared more for fine new clothes than for anything else. He had different clothes for every hour of the day.[One day two cheats camt to see the Emperor. They called themselves weavers and said that they knew how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colors and designs in the world. They also said that the most interesting thing about the cloth was that clothes made of it would be invisible to anyone who was either stupid or unfit for his office."Ah, what splendid clothes!" thought the Emperor. "They are just what I shall have. When I put them on, I shall be able to find out which men in my empire are unfit for their offices. And I shall be able to tell who are wise and who are foolish. This cloth must be woven for me right away."The Emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.So the two men set up two looms and pretended to be working very hard. They asked for the most beautiful silk and the best gold thread. This they kept for themselves. And then they went on with their work at the empty looms until late into the night.After some time had passed, the Emperor said to himself, "I wonder how the weavers are getting along with my cloth." Then he remembered that those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. Though he believed that he ought to have nothing to fear for himself, he wanted someone else to look at the cloth first.The Emperor thought a while and decided to send his old Prime Minister to see the cloth. He thought the Prime Minister a wise, honest man who was more fit for his office than anyone else.So the old Prinme Minister went into the hall where the cheats were working at the empty looms."God save me!" thought the old man, opening his eyes very wide. "I can't see anything at all." But he was careful not to say so.The men who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer. They pointed to the empty looms and asked him if he liked the design and the colors.The poor old Prime Minister opend his eyes wid wider, but he could see nothing on the looms.""Dear me," he said to himself, "Am I foolish or unfit for my office I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.""Oh! it's most beautiful!" said the Prime Minister quickly. "The design and the colors! I will tell the Emperor how wonderful they are."The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth. Soon after, he sent another official to find out how soon the cloth would be ready. The same thing happened. The official could see nothing, but he sang high praise for the cloth. When he got back, he told the Emperor that the cloth was beautiful indeed.All the people in the city were now talking about this wonderful cloth which the Emperor had ordered ro be woven for so much they were eager to know how wise or foolish their friends and neighbors might be.LESSON 8 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES(Continued)皇帝的新装（续）Now at last the Emperor wished to go himself and see the cloth while it was still on the looms. He took with him a few of his officials, including the old Prinme Minister and the official who had already been there.As soon as the weavers heard the Emperor coming, they pretended to work harder than ever, though they were not weaving a single thread through the empty looms.，"Isn't the cloth magnificent" said the official and the Prime Minister. "What a splendid design! And what colors!" they said, while pointing to the empty looms. They thought that everyone else could see the wonderful work of the weavers though they could not see it themselves."What on earth can this mean" said the Emperor to himself. "I don't see anything. This is horrible! But I mustn't let anyonek now.""The cloth is beautiful," he cried out loud. "Beautiful! I am very pleased with it."The officials could see no more than the Emperor, but they all shouted, ‘Beautiful! Excellent! Magnificent!" and other such expressions. They told the Emperor that he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.They Emperor nodded. He cried hard to pretend to share in the pleasure of his officials and gave each of the weavers a medal.The night before the procession, the two men had their lights burning all night long. They wanted everyone to see how hard they were workingon the Emperor's new clothes.At last they cried, "Finished! The Emperor's new clothes are now ready!"Then the Emperor arrived with his hgh officials."Now if you take off your clothes, Your Majesty, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror," said the cheats.The Emperor was then undressed, and the cheats pretened to dress him in his new clothes. TheEmperor turned from side to side in front of the mirrior.`"How splendid the Emperor looks in his new clothes!" everyone cried. "And how well they fit! What a splendid design! And what colors!""Well, I suppose I'm ready for the procession," said the Emperor. "Don't you think they are a nice fit" And he turned again in front of the mirror, in order to make the others think he was looking at his new clothes."Yes, perfectly wonderful!" cried his officials.And so the procession began.The Emperor walked in the middle of the procession, through the streets of the city. And all the people standing by and those at the windows cried out, "On, how splendid our Emperor's new clothes are! What a perfect fit!"No one dared say that he could not see the Emperor's new clothes.Suddenly a little child's voice was heard:" But he has nothing on!""Good heavens! Listen to that silly child!" said the father."Did you hear what the child said" some people nearby asked each other.What the child had said was whispered from one to the other.，"I can't see anything at all on the Emperor," cried one or two of the braver ones.The cry was taken up and soon everyone was noddng and saying," BUT HE HAS NOTHING ON!"The Emperor heard the cries. He felt very silly, for he knew that the people were right. But he thought, "The procession has atarted, and it must go on!"So the Emperor held his head higher than ever. And the two officials who were following him took great trouble to hold up higher the train of the robe that wasn't there at all.LESSON 9 LADY SILKWORM蚕花娘子Long long ago, there lived in Hangzhou a girl called Aqiao. When Aqiao was nine years old, her mother died. Her father remarried and the stepmother was cruel to Aqiao and her brother.One winter morning, the stepmother told Aqiao to go out and cut some grass for the sheep. The poor girl, with a basket on her back, searched all day from the riverside to the foot of the mountain. But where could she find any green grass in winter She was tired, cold and hungry, but she was afraid to go home and face her stepmother.…As she walked along, she noticed an old pine tree ahead at the entrance to a valley. Aqiao pushed the branches aside. She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides. She bent down immediately to cut the grass. She went on cutting and cutting until she came to the end of the brook. She stood up to wipe the sweat off her face. Suddenly she saw a lady all in white standing in front of her. The lady was smiling."Little girl, how nice to see you! Won't you come and stay with us for a while"Aqiao looked around. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them. The leaves on the trees were green and large. And there were many other ladies in white, who were singing and picking the leaves from the trees.Aqiao liked what she saw and decided to stay.After that she worked together with the ladies in white. They picked leaves from the trees, and fed them to some little white worms. Slowly, the little worms would grow up and spit out silk to form cocoons. The lady in white told Aqiao how to reel the shining silk from these cocoons and how to dye the silk different colors.Time passed quickly and three months went by before Aqiao knew it.One day, Aqiao thought of her brother:"Why not ask my brother to cme here too"Early next morning, without telling the lady in white, she hurried back home. When left, Aqiao took some silkworm eggs and a bag of mulberry seeds with her. As she walked, she dropped the seeds along the road so that she would know the way back.When Aqiao reached home, she found that her father had grown old and her brother had become a young man. The cruel stepmother had died.It had been fifteen years since she left!【"Aqiao! Why didn't you come home all these years Where have you been"Aqiao told her father all that had happened. Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.The next day Aqiao decided to go back to the valley with her brother. But when she opened the door, she found things had changed. The road was lined with mulberry trees. All the seeds she had dropped had grown into trees. She walked along the trail of mulberry trees until she came to the valley. The old pine tree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance, but she could no longer find a way to get into the valley. So all she could do was to go back home.It was said that that was how the Chinese first raised silkworms. The lady in white whom Aqiao met in the valley was Lady Silkworm, the fairy in charge of the harvesting of silk.LESSON 10 THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA中国的万里长城The Great Wall of China, the longest wall in the world, runs across north China like a huge dragon. It winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. It is one of the wonders of the world. And it was one of the few man-made objects on earth that could be seen by the astronauts who landed on the moon.The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it was built during the Spring and Autumn Period (770 476 .). During the Warring States Period (475 . - 221 .), more walls were put up to defend the borders of the different kingdoms.。
高级英语第一册第一课中文翻译
第一课中东的集市中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。
此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。
你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。
这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。
赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。
市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。
你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。
各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。
随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。
这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。
布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。
中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。
例如，在布市上，所有那1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。
讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。
头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。
对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。
1984年版高中英语课本第一册
1984年版高中英语课本第一册LESSON 1 HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGES马克思怎样学习外语Karl Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. He stayed in Belgium for a few years; then he went to France. Before long he had to move on again. In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.Marx had learned some French and English at school. When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited. He started working hard to improve it. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. In fact, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. Marx wrote back to say that Engels' praise had greatly encouraged him. However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things -- the grammar and some ofthe idioms.These letters were written in 1853. In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. When he wrote one of his great works, The Civil War in France, he had mastered the language so well that he was able to write the book in English.In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian.In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. He said when people are learning a foreign language, they should not translate everything into their own language. If they do this, it shows they have not mastered it. When they used the foreign language, they should try to forget all about their own. If they cannot do this, they have not really learned the spirit of the foreign language and cannot use it freely.LESSON 2 AT HOME IN THE FUTURE未来的家A medical examination without a doctor or nurse in the room Doing shopping at home Borrowing books from the library without leaving your homeThese ideas may seem strange to you. But scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.Let us suppose we can visit a home at the end of this century. We will visit a boy named Charlie Green. He is not feeling well this morning. His mother, Mrs Green, wants the doctor to see him. That is, she wants the doctor to listen to him. She brings a set of wires to Charlie's room. These wires are called sensors. She places one sensor in his mouth and one on his chest. She puts another one around his wrist and one on his forehead. Then she plugs the sensors into a wall outlet. She says the code "TCP". This means "telephone call placed." A little light flashes on the wall. The Green's wireless telephone is ready for a call. Mrs Green says "2478", the doctor's telephone number. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: "Good morning." "Good morning, Dr Scott," answers Mrs Green. "Charlie isn'tfeeling too well this morning. I've put the sensors on him. I wonder if you can examine him now.""Sure," the doctor's voice says. "Well, he doesn't have a fever. And his pulse is fine. Now, breathe deeply, Charlie." Charlie does so."Just a little cold," says the doctor. "Better stay inside today, Charlie. And take it easy.""Thank you, Doctor," says Mrs Green. "TCC (telephone call completed)." The light on the wall turns off. The phone call and the examination are finished."Charlie," says Mrs Green," since you have to stay at home, why don't you do some shopping You can pick out your new bicycle. After all, your birthday is only two weeks away.""Great," Charlie answers.Charlie and his mother sit in front of one of the visionphones. There are several in their house."TCP," says Charlie. The word ready appears on the screen of the visionphone."New Forest Bicycle Shop," a voice says. "May I help you" Charlie answers, "I'd like to see your ten-speed bicycles." In the next few minutes, pictures of many models of the bicycles are flashed on the creen. The price of each model is also shown.Then the voice asks, "Are you interested in any of these models""Yes, I'm interested in model 6.""Do you wish to place an order at this time""Not just yet," answers Mrs Green. "My son's birthday is in two weeks' time. Thank you. TCC."The visionphone shuts off.Such would be our home in the future.LESSON 3 THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT盲人和象Once upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India. Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging. They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for , being blind, how could they One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. When they heard that an elephant was passing by, they asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a "look".Of course they could not look at him with their eyes, but they thought they might learn what kind of animal he was by touching and feeling him. For, you see, they trust their own sense of touch very much.The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephant's side. "Well, well, " he said. "This beast is exactly like a wall."The second grasped one of the elephant's tusks and felt it. "You're quite mistaken," he said. "He's round and smooth and sharp. He's more like a spear than anything else."The third happened to take hold of the elephant's trunk. "You're both completely wrong," he said. "This elephant is likea snake, as anybody can see."The fourth opened both his arms the closed them around one of the elephant's legs. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. "It's very clear that he's round and tall like a tree."The fifth was a very tall man, and he caught one of the elephant's ears. "Even the blindest person must see that this elephant isn't like any of the things you name." he siad. "He's exactly like a huge fan."The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant. He was old and slow and it took him quite some time to find the elephant at all. At last he got hold of the beast's tail. "Oh, how silly you all are!" cried he. "The elephant isn't like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. Any man with eyes in his head can see that he's exactly like a rope."Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant. They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.LESSON 4 GALILEO AND ARISTOTLE伽利略和亚里斯多德About 2300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle. He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster. He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones. His conclusion certainly sounded reasonale. But we now know that it is not true.In those days people seldom did experiments to test their ideas. When they observed anything that happened, they thought about it and then drew a conclusion. Once Aristotle made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. And because he was Aristotle, the great thinker, no one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years.Then, almost 400 years ago, an Italian scientist named Galileo began to question Aristotle's theory of falling objects. He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotlesaid so. He decided to do some experiments to test Aristotle's theory.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. From the top of the tower Galileo dropped a light ball and a heavy ball at exactly the same time. They both fell at about the same speed and hit the ground together. He tried the experiments again and again. Every time he got the same result. At last, he decided that he had found the truth about falling objects. As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one would belive him. But Galileo was not discouraged. He went on doing experiments to test the truth of other old ideas. He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. He collected facts that proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.Today we praise Galileo and call him one of the founders of modern science. He observed things carefully and never took anything for granted. Instead, he did experiments to test andprove an idea before he was ready to accept it.An experiment was done on the moon in July, 1971. One of the US astronauts who made the first deep space walk on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather together. They both landed on the surface of the moon at the same time. This experiment proved that Galileo's theory of falling objects is true.LESSON 5 THE LOST NECKLACE丢失的项链Place: a park in ParisTime: a summer afternoon in 1870People: Mathilde Loisel, wifePierre Loisel, husbandJeanne Forrestier, their friend(Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.)Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.Jeanne: (Looking at the other woman) I'm sorry, but I don't think I know you.Mathilde: No, you wouldn't, but many years ago you knew me well. I'm Mathilde Loisel.Jeanne: Mathilde! My old school friend. Is it possible But yes, of course it is. Now I remember. Where have you been all these years, Mathilde I hope you weren't ill.Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I wasn't ill. You see here an old woman. But it's because of hard work - ten years of hard work. Jeanne: But I don't understand, Mathilde. There's only one year between us; I'm thirty-five and you're thirty-four. Can hard work change a person that muchMathilde: Yes, it can. Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest. That has been my life for these past ten years.Jeanne: Mathilde! I didin't know. I'm sorry. But what happenedMathilde: Well, I would rather not tell you.Jeanne: Oh, come, Mathilde .Surely you can tell an old friend.Mathilde: Well, ... Well, it was all necause of that necklace. Your necklace.Jeanne: My necklaceMathilde: Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklaceJeanne: Let me think. Ten years ago... Oh, yes, I remember. You were going to the palace with your husband, I think. Mathilde: Right. Pierre was working in a govenrment office, and for the first time in our lives we were invited to an important ball.(The scene changed to that evening in the home of Pierre and Mathilde Loisel.)Pierre: Yes, Mathilde, we're going to the ball, the palace ball!Mathilde: I can't believe it!Piere: But it's true.Mathilde: Oh, Piere, how wonderful! But I haven't got a dress for the ball!Pierre； What does a new evening dress costMathilde: Mathilde: About four hundred francs.Pierre: Four hundred! That's a lot of money. But perhaps, just this once, we'll use what we have to get a new dress for you. This ball is very important to me. I was the only person in my office who was invited.Mathilde: Thank you, Pierre, you're so kind. Oh, but there's one other thing...Pierre: What is it, MathildeMathlde: I ... I have no jewelry.Pierre: Jewelry Do you need jewelry Why not just a flower Mathilde: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say "I'm poor. I haven't got any jewelry."Pierre: Can't you borrow some jewelry from a friend, MathildeMathilde: Which friend My friends are all poor, too. Pierre: Let me think. How about Jeanne She married well. Perhaps she has some.Mathilde: Ah, yes, Jeanne. She married a man with a lot of money. I'll go and see her on Friday, after I get the new dress. Pierre: I'm sure she has something you can borrow. (The scene changes back to the park. Mathilde continues to tell Jeanne her story.)Mathilde: One Friday I came to see you, Jeanne. Remember Jeanne: Yes, Mathilde, I remember.Mathilde: You were very kind. You brought out your jewelry and told me to take anything I wanted.Jeanne: (Smiling) You were like a little girl. Your eyes became so big.Mathilde: There were so many things and they were all beautiful. It was hard to choose.Jeanne: Until you saw the diamond necklace.Mathlde: Yes, and then I knew I wanted to borrow the necklace. I didn't want anything else, only the necklace. Jeanne: I'm sure you looked beautiful that evening, Mathilde. You were always a very pretty girl.Mathilde: Perhaps in those days I was, but everything changed after that night at the palace.Jeanne: Didn't you have a good time at that ball Mathilde: Yes, a very good time, but that was the last time... the last happy evening for the next ten years. Jeanne: But why, MathildeMathilde: On the way home I looked down at my dress and saw that the necklace was gone. I told Pierre. We returned to the palace and looked in every room, but couldn't find it. I never saw your necklace again, Jeanne.Jeanne: But Mathilde, you brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well.Mathilde: Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace but it was a different one. I hopeit was as good as the one you lent me. It cost us thirty-six thousand francs.Jeanne: Thirty-six thousand!Mathilde: Yes, Pierre and I brrowed the money and bought it. During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it. That is why you see this old woman before you now, Jeanne. Well, after all these years we've paid off all our debts. Jeanne: But Mathilde, my dear friend, that wasn't a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me. It was made of glass. It was worth five hundred francs at the most.LESSON 6 ABRAHAM LINCOLN亚伯拉罕·林肯Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. He spent his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm. His mother, who he loved dearly, died in 1818. Happily for him, his father' s second wife was kind to him too. When she saw that Abraham likedreading, she did all she could to help him. But the family was poor and the boy could not get many books. Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and little then. His whole school education added up to no more than one year.As a young man he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster. He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was active in politics and strongly against slavery. In all his political life, he thought of building a free state for all the people.In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States. Then he worked still harder for freedom for the slaves. Soon the Southern states rebelled. They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. Fighting broke out between the North and the South. This was the American Civil War. The war lasted four years before the North won in the end. The nation was reunioned and the slaves were set free.In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time. But his enemies, the slave owners in theSouth and the bankers in big cities, who had grown rich on the work of the slaves, could not let Lincoln continue his work. He, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865, at a theatre in Washington, . and died early the next morning. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news, for the people had come to love him as an inspiring leader, and a wise, warm-hearted, honest man.About seventeen months before his death, at the opening of a memorial to the many men who lost their lives fighting for the freedom of the Negroes, Abraham Lincoln told his people that the living must finish the work of those dead; that they must fight for freedom for all-Negroes and whites; that America must strengthen government of the people, by the people and for the people.Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents.LESSON 7 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES皇帝的新装Many years ago there lived an Emperor, who cared more for fine new clothes than for anything else. He had different clothes for every hour of the day.One day two cheats camt to see the Emperor. They called themselves weavers and said that they knew how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colors and designs in the world. They also said that the most interesting thing about the cloth was that clothes made of it would be invisible to anyone who was either stupid or unfit for his office."Ah, what splendid clothes!" thought the Emperor. "They are just what I shall have. When I put them on, I shall be able to find out which men in my empire are unfit for their offices. And I shall be able to tell who are wise and who are foolish. This cloth must be woven for me right away."The Emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.So the two men set up two looms and pretended to be working very hard. They asked for the most beautiful silk and the best gold thread. This they kept for themselves. And then they went on with their work at the empty looms until late into the night.After some time had passed, the Emperor said to himself, "I wonder how the weavers are getting along with my cloth." Then he remembered that those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. Though he believed that he ought to have nothing to fear for himself, he wanted someone else to look at the cloth first.The Emperor thought a while and decided to send his old Prime Minister to see the cloth. He thought the Prime Minister a wise, honest man who was more fit for his office than anyone else.So the old Prinme Minister went into the hall where the cheats were working at the empty looms."God save me!" thought the old man, opening his eyes very wide. "I can't see anything at all." But he was careful not to say so.The men who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer. They pointed to the empty looms and asked him if he liked the design and the colors.The poor old Prime Minister opend his eyes wid wider, but he could see nothing on the looms."Dear me," he said to himself, "Am I foolish or unfit for my office I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.""Oh! it's most beautiful!" said the Prime Minister quickly. "The design and the colors! I will tell the Emperor how wonderful they are."The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth. Soon after, he sent another official to find out how soon the cloth would be ready. The same thing happened. The official could see nothing, but he sang high praise for the cloth. When he got back, he told the Emperor that the cloth was beautiful indeed.All the people in the city were now talking about this wonderful cloth which the Emperor had ordered ro be woven for so much they were eager to know how wise or foolish their friends and neighbors might be.LESSON 8 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES(Continued)皇帝的新装（续）Now at last the Emperor wished to go himself and see the cloth while it was still on the looms. He took with him a few of his officials, including the old Prinme Minister and the official who had already been there.As soon as the weavers heard the Emperor coming, they pretended to work harder than ever, though they were not weaving a single thread through the empty looms."Isn't the cloth magnificent" said the official and the Prime Minister. "What a splendid design! And what colors!" they said, while pointing to the empty looms. They thought that everyone else could see the wonderful work of the weavers though they could not see it themselves."What on earth can this mean" said the Emperor to himself. "I don't see anything. This is horrible! But I mustn't let anyonek now.""The cloth is beautiful," he cried out loud. "Beautiful!I am very pleased with it."The officials could see no more than the Emperor, but they all shouted, ‘Beautiful! Excellent! Magnif icent!" and other such expressions. They told the Emperor that he should have newclothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.They Emperor nodded. He cried hard to pretend to share in the pleasure of his officials and gave each of the weavers a medal.The night before the procession, the two men had their lights burning all night long. They wanted everyone to see how hard they were workingon the Emperor's new clothes.At last they cried, "Finished! The Emperor's new clothes are now ready!"Then the Emperor arrived with his hgh officials."Now if you take off your clothes, Your Majesty, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror," said the cheats.The Emperor was then undressed, and the cheats pretened to dress him in his new clothes. The Emperor turned from side to side in front of the mirrior."How splendid the Emperor looks in his new clothes!" everyone cried. "And how well they fit! What a splendid design!And what colors!""Well, I suppose I'm ready for the procession," said the Emperor. "Don't you think they are a nice fit" And he turned again in front of the mirror, in order to make the others think he was looking at his new clothes."Yes, perfectly wonderful!" cried his officials.And so the procession began.The Emperor walked in the middle of the procession, through the streets of the city. And all the people standing by and those at the windows cried out, "On, how splendid our Emperor's new clothes are! What a perfect fit!"No one dared say that he could not see the Emperor's new clothes.Suddenly a little child's voice was heard:" But he has nothing on!""Good heavens! Listen to that silly child!" said the father."Did you hear what the child said" some people nearby askedeach other.What the child had said was whispered from one to the other."I can't see anything at all on the Emperor," cried one or two of the braver ones.The cry was taken up and soon everyone was noddng and saying," BUT HE HAS NOTHING ON!"The Emperor heard the cries. He felt very silly, for he knew that the people were right. But he thought, "The procession has atarted, and it must go on!"So the Emperor held his head higher than ever. And the two officials who were following him took great trouble to hold up higher the train of the robe that wasn't there at all.LESSON 9 LADY SILKWORM蚕花娘子Long long ago, there lived in Hangzhou a girl called Aqiao. When Aqiao was nine years old, her mother died. Her father remarried and the stepmother was cruel to Aqiao and her brother.One winter morning, the stepmother told Aqiao to go out and cut some grass for the sheep. The poor girl, with a basket on her back, searched all day from the riverside to the foot of the mountain. But where could she find any green grass in winter She was tired, cold and hungry, but she was afraid to go home and face her stepmother.As she walked along, she noticed an old pine tree ahead at the entrance to a valley. Aqiao pushed the branches aside. She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides. She bent down immediately to cut the grass. She went on cutting and cutting until she came to the end of the brook. She stood up to wipe the sweat off her face. Suddenly she saw a lady all in white standing in front of her. The lady was smiling."Little girl, how nice to see you! Won't you come and stay with us for a while"Aqiao looked around. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them. The leaves on the trees were green and large. And there were many other ladies in white, who were singing and picking the leaves from the trees.Aqiao liked what she saw and decided to stay.After that she worked together with the ladies in white. They picked leaves from the trees, and fed them to some little white worms. Slowly, the little worms would grow up and spit out silk to form cocoons. The lady in white told Aqiao how to reel the shining silk from these cocoons and how to dye the silk different colors.Time passed quickly and three months went by before Aqiao knew it.One day, Aqiao thought of her brother:"Why not ask my brother to cme here too"Early next morning, without telling the lady in white, she hurried back home. When left, Aqiao took some silkworm eggs and a bag of mulberry seeds with her. As she walked, she dropped the seeds along the road so that she would know the way back.When Aqiao reached home, she found that her father had grown old and her brother had become a young man. The cruel stepmother had died.It had been fifteen years since she left!"Aqiao! Why didn't you come home all these years Where have you been"Aqiao told her father all that had happened. Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.The next day Aqiao decided to go back to the valley with her brother. But when she opened the door, she found things had changed. The road was lined with mulberry trees. All the seeds she had dropped had grown into trees. She walked along the trail of mulberry trees until she came to the valley. The old pine tree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance, but she could no longer find a way to get into the valley. So all she could do was to go back home.It was said that that was how the Chinese first raised silkworms. The lady in white whom Aqiao met in the valley was Lady Silkworm, the fairy in charge of the harvesting of silk.LESSON 10 THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA中国的万里长城The Great Wall of China, the longest wall in the world, runs across north China like a huge dragon. It winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. It is one of the wonders of the world. And it was one of the few man-made objects on earth that could be seen by the astronauts who landed on the moon.The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it was built during the Spring and Autumn Period (770 476 .). During the Warring States Period (475 . - 221 .), more walls were put up to defend the borders of the different kingdoms.In 221 ., the kingdom of Qin united the different parts of China into one empire. To keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up. Thus the Great Wall came into being. Since then, it has often been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).The Great Wall, which is called in Chinese "The Ten-thousand-li Great Wall", is actually more than 6,000 kilometres long, 6-7 metres high and 4-5 metres wide. In most places it is wide enough for five horses or ten men to walk side。
1984年版高中英语课本第一二三册
1984年版高中英语课本第一二三册1984年版高中英语教材第1卷第1课马克思怎样学外语马克思怎样学外语卡尔·马克思出生于德国。
德语是他的母语。
当他还是个年轻人的时候，出于政治原因，他被迫离开了祖国。
他在比利时呆了几年；然后他去了法国。
不久，他不得不重新开始。
1849年，他去了英国，并把伦敦作为他革命工作的基地。
Marx在学校学过一些法语和英语。
当他到达英国时，他发现他的英语太有限了。
他开始努力改进它。
他进步如此之快，以至于不久他就开始为一家美国报纸写英文文章。
事实上，其中一篇文章中他的英语非常好，恩格斯为此给他写了一封信并表扬了他。
马克思回信说，恩格斯的赞扬极大地鼓舞了他。
然而，他继续解释说，他对两件事不太确定——语法和一些习语。
这些信写于1853年。
在随后的几年里，马克思继续学习和使用英语。
当他写他的一部伟大作品《法国内战》时，他已经很好地掌握了这门语言，所以他能够用英语写这本书。
十九世纪七十年代，马克思已经五十多岁了，他发现研究俄罗斯的形势很重要，所以他开始学习俄语。
六个月结束时，他已经学会了阅读俄语文章和报告。
在他的一本书里，马克思就如何学习外语提出了一些建议。
他说当人们学习一门外语时，他们不应该把所有的东西都翻译成他们自己的语言。
如果他们这样做，这表明他们还没有掌握它。
当他们使用外语时，他们应该试着忘掉自己的语言。
如果他们不能做到这一点，何说，他希望两国将进一步加强科技领域的合作。
在家购物吗？不离开家就从图书馆借书？这些想法对你来说可能很奇怪。
但是科学家们正在努力把它们变成现实。
让我们假设我们能在本世纪末参观一个家。
我们将去拜访一个名叫查理·格林的男孩。
他今天早上感觉不舒服。
他的母亲格林夫人想让医生给他看病。
也就是说，她想让医生听他的。
她带了一套电线到查理的房间。
这些电线被称为传感器。
她把一个传感器放在他的嘴里，一个放在他的胸口。
她把另一个放在他的手腕上，一个放在他的额头上。
高级中学课本英语第一册13-14课
高级中学课本英语第一册13-14课高级中学课本英语第一册 13-14课转载▼标签：分类：英文资料教育LESSON THIRTEENTHE FOOTPRINTOne day, walking along the sands towards his boat, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot. He was terrified at the sight. He looked round, but could see nobody. He listened, but could hear nothing. There were no other marks. Who had made the footprint? Was there someone else on this lonely island? Was it a savage? Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went. For some days he stayed in his cave, behind his wall. He was afraid to go out, even for food.But no savages came; and after a time he began to go out again. His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. This made Crusoe very sad. He now felt even more lonely without his friend, the dog.He often thought about the footmark. Perhaps he had made it himself? He decided to go back and look again. The footprint was still there. He tried his foot in it, but it was much larger than his own. So there must be someone else on the island. Full of fear again, Crusoe returned home.He built another fence round his cave. Now he made holes in the wall and placed his guns in them, pointing outwards.But he still did not feel safe enough. He decided to look for another cave, where he could hide if savages came.He found a good place in the rocks, more than twelve feet high, with a narrow entrance. He stepped into the cave. Suddenly he saw two eyes glaring at him out of the darkness. Was it a man, or a wild animal? He hurried out into the daylight.Crusoe lit a fire and from it took a burning stick. He stepped back into the cave, holding the stick high above his head. He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. He stopped. Nothing happened. He went farther into the cave.On the ground lay an old sick goat, which had gone into the cave to die. It was the goat’s eyes that he had seen in the darkness. As he looked at it, the goat rolled over and died.Crusoe looked about the cave. The ground and the sides were quite dry. Inside, the top of the cave was nearly twenty feet high. It was a good hiding-place.Crusoe had eleven guns altogether. He brought five of them to his new cave and a great deal of gun-powder. The cave was quite dark inside, so he made some candles to give light.Now he had a safe place if the savages came. Every day he climbed to a high rock near his cave to keep watch. And so the months and years went by.It was autumn, the time for Crusoe to gather his small harvest of corn. Early one morning, before starting work, he climbed up to his lookout.There, on the shore, were nine savages, sitting round a fire. Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island. They seemed to be eating something they had cooked on the fire. Crusoe watched, full of fear.As soon as the savages had gone, Crusoe returned home for two guns. Then he made his way down to the shore. He looked out to sea. The two canoes were almost out of sight.He went towards the fire, which was still smoking. Among the ashes he found bones. They were not the bones of an animal, but of a human being!Crusoe knew that the savages killed their enemies and ate them. He made up his mind to shoot them if they came again. But many months went by and no one visited the island.WORDS AND EXPRESSIONSFootprint n. 脚印，足迹Boat n. 小船；艇；小轮船Crusoe克鲁索（姓）Mark n. 痕迹；记号；商标terrify vt. 使恐怖；恐吓lonely adj. 孤独的；荒凉的island n. 岛；岛状物savage n. 野人；残酷的人 adj.野蛮的；残酷的stare vi & vt. 盯，凝视Stare at 盯着看from time to time不时地cave n. 洞，穴；岩洞after a time过了一段时间footmark n. 脚印，足迹fence n. 篱笆；栅栏outward(s) adv. 向外safe adj. 安全的；平安的rock n. 岩石；大石头narrow adj. 狭窄的step vi. & vt. 走，举步行走n. 脚步；步骤glare vi. 闪耀；瞪眼 n. 眩目的光；瞪眼 glare at向人瞪眼；怒目注视dark adj. 黑暗的darkness n.黑暗daylight n.日光；白天；黎明stick n. 小树枝；棒；棍；（手）杖roll vi. 打滚；滚动roll over 翻滚about prep. 在……周围；在……的各处adv. 周围；到处hiding-place n. 躲藏处；储藏处altogether adv. 完全；总共；总而言之powder n. 粉；粉末 gun-powder n. 火药candle n. 蜡烛gather vt. 聚焦；采集；收（庄稼等）lookout n. 守望，警戒；瞭望台shore n. 岸；滨canoe n. 独木桥make one’s way排除困难前进out of sight 看不见ash n. 灰;（常用复数）灰烬，灰堆bone n. 骨；骨头human being人NOTES TO THE TEXT1. 这篇课文是从英国小说家丹尼尔.笛福（Daniel Defoe, 1660-1731）著的《鲁滨逊漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe）的一个简写本中选取一段。
高中英语课本 老教材
第一册上Unit 1 Good friendsREADINGCHUCK‘S FRIENDIn the movie Cast Away, Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. He is a successful manager in a company that sends mail all over the world. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. Chuck survives the crash and lands on a deserted island.On the island, Chuck has to learn to survive all alone. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make a fire. Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. In order to survive, Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend—a volleyball he calls Wilson.Chuck learns a lot about himself when he is alone on the island. He realises that he hasn‘t been a very good friend because he has always been thinking about himself. During his five years on the island, Chuck learns how to be a good friend to Wilson. Even though Wilson is just a volleyball, he becomes fond of him. He talks to him and treats him as a friend. Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and that it is important to have someone to care about. He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends. When he makes friends with Wilson, he understands that friendship is about feelings and that we must give as much as we take.A volleyball is certainly an unusual friend. Most of our friends are human beings, but we also make friends with animals and even things. For example, many of us have pets, and we all have favorite objects such as a lucky pen or a diary. The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers. Friendship helps us understand who we are, why we need each other and what we can do for each other.INTEGRATING SKILLSReading and writingDo you know that you can use the Internet to make friends? You may know that a pen friend, or pen pal, is someone you write letters to. But what is an e-pal, or key pal? Yes, you guessed it! An e-pal is someone you write e-mail to. E-mail is faster and cheaper than letters, so you can write to your e-pals every day and you don‘t have to wait for a letter to arrive. Just write your message and click it away! Read the following e-pal ads. Write an e-mail to one of them.Hello everyone, I‘m Jane. I live in South Carolina.I like painting. I‘m 15 and I‘m a student. I like a student. I like talking and joking around and I like to listen to rock music! I am looking for e-pals from any country.Hi. My name is Jack. I am tall and I have blue eyes. I like sports. I play soccer. I love to make people laugh. I love singing and dancing. I am honest and I like to have fun. I like talking to people. If you‘re interested in being frien ds, drop me a line.第一册上Unit 2 English around the world READINGENGLISH AROUND THE WORLDEnglish is a language spoken all around the world. There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English. Most native speakers of English are found in the United kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand. In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue. An equal number of people learn English as a second language. These people will perhaps speak the language of their own country at home with their family, but the language of the government, schools, newspapers and TV is English. This situation is found in countries such as India, Pakistan, Nigeria and the Philippines.However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million. Everywhere in the world children go to school to learn English. Most people learn English for five or six years at high school. In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except forthose in Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a first or a second language.In only fifty years, English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world. English is the working language of most international organizations, international trade and tourism. Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able to speak Chinese. Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English. English is also the language of global culture, such as popular music and the Internet. You can listen to English songs on the radio or use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet. With so many people communicating in English every day. It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. INTEGRATING SKILLSReading and writingAMERICAN ENGLISH AND BRITISH ENGLISHMany students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick answer to this question. At first the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776 America became an independent country. After that, the language slowly began to change. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in English changed. For example, 300 years ago the English talked about ―fall‖. Today, most British people talk about ―autumn‖, but Americans still talk about ―fall‖. In the same way Americans still use the expression ―I guess‖ (meaning ―I think‖), just as the British did 300 years ago.At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with different words. For example, the British took ―typhoon‖ fr om Chinese, while the Americans took ―tornado‖ from Spanish. In 1828 Noah Webster published the first American dictionary. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the spelling of many words. That‘s way the words colour, centre, and traveler are spelt color, center and traveler in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.The differences are greater in the spoken language. For example, Americans say dance/d?ns/, and in southern England they day /dɑ:ns/. In American they pronounce not /nɑt/; in southern England they say /n?t/. however, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.第一册上Unit 3 Going placesREADINGADVENTURE TRAVELWhy do people travel? Well, many people travel because they want to see other countries and visit places that are famous, interesting or beautiful. People also travel to meet new friends, to try new kinds of food, to experience life in other parts of the world or simply to get away from cold weather. Yet there are other reasons why people travel. Many of today‘s travelers are looking for an unusual experience and adventure travel is becoming more and more popular. Here is a quick look at two popular activities: hiking and rafting. HIKINGInstead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking. Hiking is a great way to travel. You will get close to nature and take exercise at the same time. Hiking is easy to do and doesn‘t have to be very expensive. You can hike close to home or travel to other places. You can hike close to home or travel to other places. The basic equipment you need for hiking is simple: good shoes, clothes and a backpack. You can hike in the mountains, in a forest or along a river. You can also go for a hike in the city.Hiking is fun and exciting, but you shouldn‘t forget safety. Here are some basic tips for successful hiking:Don‘ hike alone.Tell someone where you are going.Bring water and a good map.Watch out for dangers, such as spiders, snakes or poisonous plants.Wear a hat to protect yourself from the sun.Bring a cellphone if you have one.RAFTINGAnother exciting adventure is rafting. A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams. Rafting is a good way to experience nature. If you want to normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks. If you are looking for more excitement, you may want to try whitewater rafting. Whitewater rafting is more adventurous and difficult than normal rafting. It is done on rivers and streams where the water moves quickly. You have to be careful not to hit rocks, trees and other dangers. The name ―whitewater‖ comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.As with hiking, you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes. You also need to learn the basic skills of rafting, such as how to handle the raft, how to paddle and how to get in and out of the raft. You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket.INTEGRATING SKILLSReading and talkingEco-travel is a form of travel that combines normal tourism with learning. Instead of simply travelling for pleasure, you can use your trip as a way to protect the environment. Normal tourism is often bad for the environment, and tourists often cause problems. Eco-travel, on the other hand, is a way to travel responsibly. Eco-tourists want to learn about the world so that they can make it better, or at least understand it better. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people. Read about the following eco-travel destinations and complete the tasks below.Red River VillageSwim in the Red RiverLook at the birdsGo for walks along the river Go boating on the riverPlant trees near the riverLearn about water and the fish in the riverLearn how to keep the water cleanLearn about the birds by the riverBy staying at hotels in Red River Village, tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the river and the birds.Snow MountainGo hiking in the mountainsLook at the birdsLook at other animalsGo skiing in winterPlant trees on the mountainLearn about natureLearn about the changes in each seasonLearn about the old trees on the mountainIf you visit Snow Mountain, you can help the people there to keep the mountain clean and to take good care of the birds and other animals.第一册上Unit 4 Unforgettable experiences READINGTHE RESCUEFlora heard somebody shouting. She looked around and saw Jeff running. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. She looked at Jeff, who was waving his arms. She looked around, behind her. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. She was so surprised that she couldn‘t move. She wanted to watch it. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her.―Run!‖ Jeff shouted, seizing her arm.The next moment the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. Jeff dragged her towards the house. Everything went so fast, she couldn‘t think. Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too. They both went down under water. Then Jeff pulled her up. He was standing, holding on to a tree that grew against the wall. Flora‘s head was above the water but she could n‘t stand up. She struggled and struggled, but could not geton her feet. Only his hand was holding her hand. She fought for her life, and finally pulled herself up. Now, the water, which was cold as ice and flowed faster than a river, was above her knees. Jeff and Flora looked into each other‘s face with a look of fright.―Get to the steps!‖ Jeff shouted.It was only just around the corner: four big steps! She looked at him, but she could not move. When the water seemed to go down a little, they ran. As they got to the steps, they heard another great roar, and the wall of the house shook. The water flowed around their legs again, but Jeff had opened the hall door.Flora quickly began climbing the stairs. Boom! Another wave struck the house, and a strange cracking noise began. The water moved up like a sea. Flora ran up the stairs. There she stopped, listening to the strange sounds, while the whole house moved. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.―The house is falling down!‖ shouted Jeff, ―Where is the chimney? Which room? The chimney will stand.‖Jeff looked out of the window. Below, the water swept past the house like a wild river. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep. The garden that was once so beautiful was completely destroyed, swept away by the wild water.A terrible noise went through the house. A part of the house had gone down and the floor moved up and down under their feet. For some moments both were silent.―This will stand. This here will stand. See! That chimney! Like a tower. Yes! All right! All right!‖INTEGRATING SKILLSReading and writingDuring the first week of May I went on a holiday to Sichuan. First, I found some photos of interesting places which were not too far away from Chengdu. I decided to go and see the big Buddha in Leshan and Mount Emei, which wasn‘t too expensive. My friends, Xiao Rong and Wei Bin, said they would come with me. We took a few bottles of water, some apples and oranges, which we put into my bag.The next day we got up at five o‘clock. First, we went to leshan, where we climbed all the way up the mountain to see the Buddha. The Buddha is really very big: taller than the highest building in our village. Looking up at the large head and down at the large feet makes you feel so small. Wei Bin took photos of us standing in front of the Buddha.The next morning, we climbed Mount Emei. There are many old temples and the forest on the mountain is very beautiful. The wild monkeys are the most exciting things on Mount Emei. They are not at all afraid of people. In a second they will come to you and touch you. The monkeys really liked to touch my hair. Xiao Rong took a photo of a monkey that was sitting on my head. The monkeys look sweet, but they can be very naughty.A small monkey suddenly put its hand in Xiao Rong‘s pocket. Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.Finally, towards evening we were on the way back to Chengdu. We were all very tired and slept on the bus, but our trip to Sichuan was really unforgettable.第一册上Unit 5 The silver screenREADINGGETTING TO KNOW STEVEN SPIELBERG Steven Spielberg, whose mother was a music teacher, was born in 1946 in a small town in America. He started making short films when he was still a young boy. He made his first real film when he was twelve. This was a film in which Spielberg used read actors instead of toys. He wrote the scripts for the films himself. In 1959 Spielberg won a prize for a short film which he made when he was thirteen years old. A few years later, when he was sixteen, he made a film called firelight.When Spielberg was young, his dream was to go to the Film Academy, but he couldn‘t. The reason why he could not go there was that his gradeswere too low. After studying English, he got a small job at a film studio. Here he worked on a short film, which won him a job as the youngest film director in the world. This was the moment when Spielberg‘s career really took off.Jaws (1975), one of his first films, was a real blockbuster. It is about a big white shark that attacks swimmers who are spending their holidays in a small village by the sea. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.Spielberg has made two films about creatures that come to the earth from outer space. For example, ET (1982) is about a young boy called Elliott who makes friends with a small creature from outer space and helps him to find a way to go home. The world of adults is cold. Scientists want to find ET to cut him into pieces to do research. But in the world of children and the world where ET comes from, love and friendship are the most important things in life.Jurassic Park, which Spielberg made in 1993, is about a park where a very rich man keeps different kinds of dinosaurs. When the park is hit by a storm, things start going wrong. The film becomes very exciting when the children are hunted by meat-eating dinosaurs.After these highly successful films Spielberg made several follow-ups of Jaws and Jurassic Park. His later films such as Schindler‘s List and Saving Private Ryan are about the cruelty of war. In his war films, he has shown that love and peace will win over war in the end.Steven Spielberg is one of the top directors in the film industry and also has many fans in China. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. He met Cate Capshaw, who is and actress, when he was working on one of his films. After that it will took seven years before they finally got married. The couple has seven children in all. INTEGRATING SKILLSReading and writingNOT ONE LESS Zhang Yimou‘s film ―Not One Less‖ tells a simple but moving story. Mr. Gao, the only teacher of the Shuiquan Primary School, has to stay away for a month to take care of his sick mother. The village leader, Mr. Tian, asks Wei Minzhi to take Mr. Gao‘s place until he comes back. Minzhi is only a 13-year-old girl who has finished her primary school. When she is asked to do the job, she says she can read, write and song. She gets the job because there is nobody else in the village who can take it. The most important thing for young Minzhi is not to lose any more pupils from the school--NOT ONE LESS—before Mr. Gao returns!At first Minzhi doesn‘t know what her students need to learn. And she doesn‘t know how to keep them quite in class. She writes the lessons onto the blackboard and then makes her students copy them into their notebooks. She tries to keep the students in the classroom by locking them up in the classroom and running after those who escape. The naughtiest pupil in her class is an 11-year-old boy named Zhang Huike. He causes trouble for Minzhi almost every day. Perhaps you think Minzhi will be happy when Huike runs away from scholl. No! When she hears that Huike has gone to town, she becomes very worried and determines to bring Huike back safely.Minzhi wants to go to town, but she can‘t afford to buy a bus ticket. All the other pupils do their best to help her get onto a bus without a ticket. When Minzhi has to get off the bus, she walks till she finally reaches the town. She looks everywhere but cannot find Huike. Then she deciedes to ask the TV station for help. She wants them to let her appear live on the air, hoping that Huike will see her.He waits at the gate of the TV station for two days till the boss calls her. When Huike sees the crying Minzhi on television, he himself starts crying, but he is also happy to see her. At last, both Minzhi and Huike go back to their village, together with the people from the TV station.Many people like this film not just because the story itself is moving, but also because most of the people in the film use their real names and playthemselves.第一册上Unit 6 Good mannersREADINGTABLE MANNERS AT A DINNER PARTY People who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time may be surprised bu table manners in Western culture. Knowing them will help you make a good impression. Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table. Beside your napkin you will find a small bread roll and three glasses—one for white wine, one for red wine, and one for water. There are two pairs of knives and forks on the table, forks on the left and knives on the right of the plate. When you see two spoons, the big one is for the soup and the small one for the dessert. The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bit bigger than the ones beside them. When you sit down at the table, you can take your napkin, unfold it and put it on your lap. In China you sometimes get a hot, damp cloth to clean your face and hands, which, however, is not the custom in Western countries.Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called starter. Some people pray before they start eating, and other people may keep silent for a moment. Then you can say ―Enjoy your meal‖ to each other and everybody starts eating. For the starter, which you eat with the smaller pair, you keep the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left. After the starter you will get a bowl of soup—but only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second serving.The next dish is the main course. Many Westerners think the chicken breast with its tender white flesh is the best part of the bird. Some people can use their fingers when they are eating chicken or other birds, but never touch beef or other meat on bones. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plat e, so don‘t take more food than you need.At table, you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot, but do not laugh all the time. Most Westerners like soft drinks if they will drive home. Many of them drink white or red wine with the food. When drinking to someone‘s health, you raise your glasses, but the glasses should not touch. The custom of toasting in some parts of China is to finish the drink at once, but Westerners usually take only a sip. For drinking during a dinner, the best advice is never to drink too much.Table manners change over time. They follow the fashion of the day. Besides, table manners are only important at formal dinner parties. If you‘re not sure what to do, you can always follow your hosts. Although good manners always make you look good, you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends or family.INTEGRATING SKILLReading and writingDear Sam and Jenny, October 16thThank you very much for letting me stay in your house during my holiday. With this letter I am sending you the photos of our wonderful holiday in Hainan. I have kept a few photos which I like very much. They make me think of the happy days we spent together. I will put them on the wall, somewhere near my bed.At this moment I am very busy with my studies. I had a good time during the holiday, and now it is time for me to study hard. I must do well in the exams.How about you? In your last letter you wrote that you were feeling very tied. I hope you are feeling better now. will you be going to Australia for Christmas or will you stay in China? If it isn‘t too cold for you, I would like to invite you to come and visit me in the north of China over the next holiday in January.Thanks again and I wish you all the best. Yours,Amy Zhang第一册上Unit 7 Cultural relicsREADINGA CITY OF HEROESWhere there is a river, there is a city. Perhaps this is not always true, but it is true that many of the world‘s greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river. The Neva River flows through the centre of ST Petersburg in Russia. Three hundred years ago, the Russian Czar Peter the Great came here and built a new capital—St Petersburg. Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. Many great palaces were built during his lifetime. The palaces were large and beautiful, and they often looked like something out of a fairy tale.St Petersburg has also been the centre of many important events in history. In 1941, the Germans tried to destroy the city. It was under attack for 900 days, but the people of the city never gave in. the Germans burned many of the palaces as they left. St Petersburg was almost in ruins: fires burned everywhere. Buildings were destroyed, and paintings and statures lay in pieces on the ground. Restoring the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible, but the people of this great city would not give up, ―We will not let our history and culture be destroyed, and we will do everything we can to save our city!‖When the Nazis had gone, the people of St Petersburg began rebuilding the city. Pieces of the palaces that had been hidden before the Nazis came could now be used to rebuild the city and its culture. it was not easy. Painters and workers had to be very careful when they were trying to bring the city back to life. It was difficult to save the palaces and buildings without destroying their old beauty. With the help of old paintings and photographs, the people of St Petersburg were able to bring the city back to life. Now, after years of hard work, parts of statures have been put back together and missing pieces have been replaced. Old paintings, including a portrait of Peter have been replaced. Old paintings, including a portrait of Peter the Great which was found in the snow outside St Petersburg, have been carefully recreated, and the old palaces have made as wonderful as in the past.Today Peter the Great on his bronze horse can once again look out over the city he built. Like their hero Peter, the people of St Petersburg have shown that dreams can come true. Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia.INTEGRATING SKILLSReading and writingDear Editor,I live in Paris, France. In my country there is a famous site, called the Chauvet Caves. I am very worried about it because some of the cave paintings have been destroyed by air pollution. No, the pollution does not come from cars or factories, but from human beings.Thousands of tourists visit the caves every year. The carbon dioxide from their breath is damaging the paintings. I think one way to solve the problem is to pu glass walls in front of the paintings. Second, the number of visitors should be limited. And we should build a website where people can look at the pictures and paintings.Yours sincerely,Sophie第一册上Unit 8 SportsREADINGTHE OLYMPIC GAMESEvery four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games. Both the Sumer and Winter Olympic Games are held every four years. The Winter Olympic Games are usually held two years before the Summer Olympic Games.The ancient Olympic Games bean around the year 776 BC in Greece. Many of the sports were the same as they are now. some of the games in which the young men competed were: running, jumping and wrestling. Women were not allowed to take part in the games. After about the year 393 AD the Olympic Games stopped. For centuries there were no Olympic Games. But they were not forgotten. The first Olympic Games in modern times happened in 1896. They were held in Greece—thecountry in which the Games were born. In the Games there were 311 competitors from just 13 countries. After that more and more countries joined in the Games. In 2000, over 10,000 athletes from nearly 200 countries went to Sydney, Australia, for the 27th Olympic Games! There are 300 different events in the Games. Horse-riding, hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusual events.The Olympic motto is ―Faster, Higher, Stronger‖. It means that every athlete should try to run faster, jump higher and throw further. They do their best to win medal. In the 1984 Olympic Games, Carl Lewis from the USA won for gold medals in track and field and became one of the best sportsmen in countries. Many of the Chinese medals were won in diving and gymnastics and also in events such as weightlifting and shooting.Following the history-making success in the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, China won another great competition in 2001 which was not for a medal. It was the competition between countries to host the Olympic Games. In 2008, the 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. To make it the best ever Games, the capital city will make several big changes. New buildings and sports venues will be built. More trees will be planted and new roads will be built. The people of Beijing, and of the whole country, will be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and sports fans from all over the world.INTEGRATING SKILLSReading and writingYAO MINGBorn: Sept. 12, 1980 in Shanghai, China. Height: 2.26m (7.5 feet)Weight: 134 kgPosition: CentreClub: the Houston RocketsIn his last season with the Shanghai Sharks, Chinese superstar basketball player Yao Ming scored 32.4 points per game. Now the big man from China is helping the Houston Rockets in the NBA. Yao Ming has more than just size: he also has great skill and speed and he is a team player. Yao Ming is the son of two great basketball players and learnt how to play one of the world‘s most popular games when he was young. Now, as one of the stars in the NBA, Yao Ming is working hard to live his dream and show the world that Chinese basketball players love this game too!第一册上Unit 9 TechnologyREADINGLIFE ON THE GOWang Mei puts her hand into her pocket, takes out her red cellphone and presses the talk key. ―Hi, mum! I‘m on the bus. I should be home in about ten minutes.‖ Wang Mei is one of many Chinese teenagers who liv e life ―on the go‖ and use cellphones.Cellphones, or mobile phones, make it possible for us to talk to anyone from anywhere. Words and images are being sent throughout the world. Modern cellphones are more than just phones—they are being used as cameras and radios, and to send e-mail or surf the Internet. New functions are being added to the phones. The latest cellphones have features such as games, music and an electronic calendar that will remind you about appointments and important dates. Cellphones have changed our behaviour and how we communicate. They are being used everywhere—sometimes where they shouldn‘t. One headmaster says that phones are not allowed in the classroom. ―If a phone starts ringing in the classroom, teachers and students are disturbed and cannot work.‖ The students obey the rules and agree not to use their phones in the classroom. ―I don‘t dare to use the phone in school, because they will take it away from me,‖ says John Hill, a student in London. John got his phone for his birthday, but his parents don‘t let him use it in school. Some parents worry that their children will spend too much time and money on phone calls. Why are cellphones so popular, especially among teenagers? The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing. Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer, since we can。
改革开放30年的中小学英语教材
改革开放30年的中小学英语教材人民教育出版社刘道义在改革开放的30年中，中小学英语教材建设大体可分为三个阶段：1978年至1988年，1988年至2001年，2001年至今。
在这三个历史阶段，中小学英语教材不断改革创新。
现在，分别介绍三个历史阶段的中小学英语教材编制情况及其特点。
一、以结构主义语言教学理论为基础编制的通用中小学英语教材1978年，全国教材会议英语编写组编订了《全日制十年制中小学英语教学大纲（试行草案）》，并且编写了小学英语课本六册、初中英语课本六册和高中英语课本二册。
此外，为了适应当时高中英语教学的需要，1979年秋季编辑出版了程度较低的过渡性的高中代用课本二册。
配合各册课本使用还编写了供教师使用的教学参考书。
这套教材对拨乱反正，纠正不顾外语教学规律突出政治的错误倾向，对稳定教学秩序，保证教学质量起到了重要的作用。
1980年，教育部颁发了《全日制十年制中小学英语教学大纲（试行草案）》。
1982年秋，中小学开始使用新编的英语课本（小学1～4册，初中1～6册）。
接着，在1984年开始使用高中课本（1～3册）。
这一套统编教材一直用到1998年（最后一届高三学生），是建国后使用时间最长的英语教材。
这个期间，尽管教学大纲几经调整，但教材没有做大的变动，仅相应作了修订和调整（主要是减轻分量）。
领导这段时期教材编制工作的是人民教育出版社张志公和唐钧。
1986年11月，根据“适当降低难度，减轻学生负担，明确教学要求”的原则，教材审定委员会审查通过了1986年的《全日制中学英语教学大纲》。
这个大纲确定，中学外语科有两个起点，一个是从初中一年级开始，另一个是从高中一年级开始，其要求接近初中一年级开始的外语课的要求。
人民教育出版社根据大纲的精神，听取了广大师生对现行教材的意见，对教材作了适当的修订，降低了难度。
也就是根据这个大纲和教育部《关于加强中学外语教育的意见》，人教社在现行初、高中教材的基础上编辑出版了高中起始的英语教材，共六册。
英语旧人教高中第一册上 Unit10 The world around us
Unit 10 The world around usGoals:a. Achieve language skills and related knowledge about thetopic of environment protection;b. Learn to express causes and effects:c. Vocabulary in this unit:the words and expressions listed on the teacher’s bookd. Grammar:Review Direct and Indirect SpeechLesson 1Main points1.Wordsin danger; fur; cut down; left;sometimes;discuss; make sure; find out2.Sentence patterns...,tigers can no longer hide and hunt.3.Functional itemQuestions and answersDifficult pointsNo longer&no moreTeaching proceduresStep 1 Lead-inSs tell the reasons why some animals have died out.T:We know there are far fewer kinds of animals in the world than before.They have died out for different reasons.Ask several students to tell the reasons.Get Ss to know about the fact many animals have died because of human beings. Step 2 Warming up1.Ss talk about the three pictures.What kinds of animals are they?Why are they in danger?Why do people hunt them?2.Divide the class into groups and discuss the three questions.3.Several groups report their answers.Step 3 ListeningOne of the reasons why animals are in danger is pollution.Next you will listen to a report about pollution to know how serious it is.1.Go through each task and understand what to do.2.Play the tape two times as necessary.Pause at important points and give the students help.3.Let the Ss discuss their answers in pairs.4.Check the answers.5.Discuss Part Two in groups for a few minutes and then report the answers.Step 4 speaking1.Read the instructions.2.Ss practise asking and answering in pairs.3.Ask two pairs to act out.Step 5 language points1.no longer/no moreno longer =not ...any longerno more=not...any moreIt is later. I can't wait any more.Time lost will not return any more.2.make sure(that)Ep: Make sure that you understand what your teacher says. Ep: Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of(getting) a seat HomeworkPractise asking and answering questions.Lesson 2Main points1.Wordsdie out, act, measure, original, respond, vaheatle , keep...from...,live a better life, that is, first of all, by doing, pick up.2.Sentence patterns...but we don’t always do as we say...The good news is that there is a lot we can do to help. Difficult pointsthe predicative clauseTeaching proceduresStep 1. RevisionCheck the homeworkStep 2. Pre-reading1.Q:What do plants and animals need to survive?A:Encourage the students to compare animals and humans.Animals and plants also have basic needs and animals live in social groups.2.Q:What do animals do to survive in places where it is very hot or cold,where there isn't much water?A:Animals adapt to change in their habitat and try to learn to survive when the conditions of their habitat change. Step 3 ReadingT:From last period we know many animals are in danger.Then do you know why some plants are in danger and even human beings? Let's try to find the answer to the question above from the text and what we can do to stop it.Ask students to read quickly in silence and find the answer to the following question.Q:What can we do to protect the environment?A:We should create more space for animals and plants.We should stop pollution.Step 4 Post-readingAsk students to read the text again and answer the following questions.1.Why do animals and plants become endangered?A:Animals and plants become endangered when their habitat is destroyed or when conditions in the habitat change tooquickly or too drastically.The text lists three main reasons: habitat change,the arrival of new species in the habitat,and the overuse of the species itself or the resources in the habitat.2.A species can become endangered when its habitat is changed or destroyed. Can you think of things human beings do that may destroy or cause change in a habitat?A:Various answers are possible. Encourage the students to think of human behaviour that can cause problems:pollution, land use, hunting, farming, etc.Step 5 Language points1.as conj.When in Rome do as the Romans do.Do you have to feed plants as you feed chickens?2.take actionI didn't take immediate action.active adj.He was active in the 1798 revolution.3.measure v.&n.(1)vt.&vi.We measured the room and found it was 200 feet long and 15 feet wide.Can you wait till I have finished measuring?(2)n.An inch is a measure of length.Step 6 Listening to the tapeHomeworkReview words and language points in the text.Lesson 3Main pointsWordsdevote...to...; at present; common; set...free; in the wilds; give a talk; what kind of; explain sth. to sb.; hope&wish; however; one day,some day&another day; stop doing&stop to do...Difficult pointshope&wishTeaching proceduresStep 1 Revision1.check the homework2.Ask several students to say something about the wildlife endangerment.Step 2 Word studyGet students to know something about word formation and go over the use.1.hope&wish(1)hope①for+n.②to do...③that...(2)wish①for+n.②to do...③sb./sth.+adj./done/to do...④sb. sth.⑤that...2.stop doing&stop to doHe stopped smoking.(=He didn't smoke any more.)He stopped to smok.(=He paused and began to smoke.) Step 3 Grammar1.Revise the rules for the Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.2.Practice(1)Read the news story on P68 in book.Pick out the sertences and then change them into Direct Speech.(2)Do excercise on P141 in book. Grammar Ex 1. Homework1.Go over all words and expressions.2.Preview: New words and phrases in next part.Lesson 4Main points1.Wordsenergy; reduce; amount; harmful; material; organize; attractive; be careful with...; throw away; in fact; end up as waste; share; show sth. to sb.2.Sentence patternsIt is important to do ...Choose an environmental problem that you think is important. Teaching porceduresStep 1 Revision1.Review the Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.Change the sentences into Indirect Speech.2.Make sentences with the following words and expressions. hope&wish; stop doing&stop to do ; set...freeStep 2 Lead - inSs list some ways to protect the environment.T:There are mays to protect the environment.List some of them.Next we will read a passage to find more ways of protecting environment.Step 3 Presentation1.Help the students understand what the passage tells us.2.Divide the class into groups and discuss to find the answers.3.Several groups report their answers.Step 4 Language points1.It is important to do...(1)It is+adj./n.+to do sth.It is wonderful to have a walk in the woods.(2)It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.It was easy for me to answer the question.(3)It is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.It's kind of you to think so much of us.2.show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.He showed me a photo of him.3.be careful with...be careful with+n.be careful in+v-ing.Step 5 ListeningHomeworkRevise all the words and expressions in this unit and revise the new words in next unit.。
高中英语必修一module1-6课文原文
Module 1 My First Day at Senior HighMy Name is Li Kang. I live in Shijiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing. It is the capital city of Hebei Province. Today is my first day at Senior High school and I'm writing down my thoughts about it.My new school is very good and I can see why. The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing. Every room has a computer with a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen. The teachers write on the computer, and their words appear on the screen behind them. The screens also show photographs, text and information from websites. They're brilliant! The English class is really interesting. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen. We're using a new textbook and Ms Shen's method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school. She thinks that reading comprehension is important, but we speak a lot in class, too. And we have fun. I don't think I will be bored in Ms Shen's class! Today we introduced ourselves to each other. We did this in groups. Some students were embarrassed at first but everyone was very friendly and it was really nice. Ms Shen gave us instructions and then we worked by ourselves.Ms Shen wants to help us improve our spelling and handwriting. We do this in a fun way, with spelling games and other activities. I like her attitude very much, and the behaviour of the other students shows that they like her, too. There are sixty-five students in my class--more than my previous class in Junior High. Forty-nine of them are girls. In other words, there are three times as many girls as boys. They say that girls are usually more hard-working than boys, but in this class, everyone is hard-working. For our homework tonight, we have to write a description of the street where we live. I'm looking forward to doing it!Module 2 My New TeachersThey say that first impressions are very important. My first impression of Mrs Li was that she was nervous and shy. I think perhaps she was, as it was her first lesson with us. But now, after two weeks, the class really likes working with her. She's kind and patient, and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it! –She avoids making you feel stupid. I've always hated making mistakes or pronouncing a word incorrectly when I speak English, but Mrs Li just smiles, so that you don't feel completely stupid. I think maybe she goes a bit too slowly for the faster students, but for me it's wonderful. I feel I'm going to make progress with her.I'd guess that Mrs Chen is almost sixty. She's very strict—we don't dare to say a word unless she asks us to. She's also very serious and doesn't smile much. When she asks you to do something, you do it immediately. There are a few students in our class who keep coming to class late but they're always on time for Mrs Chen's lessons. Some of our class don't like her, but most of us really appreciate her because her teaching is so well organised and clear. And a few students even admit liking her. During scientific experiments, she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving. Physics will never be my favourite lesson, but I think that I'll do well in the exam with Mrs Chen teaching me.Mr Wu's only been teaching us for two weeks and he's already very popular. I think this is because he really enjoys teaching Chinese literature—he loves it, in fact. He's got so much energy, this is one class you do not fall asleep in. He's about 28, I think, and is rather good—looking. He talks loudly and fast, and waves his hands about a lot when he gets excited. He's really amusing and tells jokes whenhe thinks we're getting bored. Even things like compositions and summaries are fun with Mr. Wu. I respect him a lot.Module 3 My First Ride on a TrainMy name is Alice Thompson. I come from Sydney, Australia and I'm 18 years old. Recently I had my first ride on a long-distance train. And what a ride! A friend and I travelled on the famous Ghan train. We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs, right in the middle of Australia, more than four thousand kilometres away. We spent two days and nights on the train.The train was wonderful and the food was great. We ate great meals cooked by experts! For the first few hundred kilometres of the journey, the scenery was very colourful. There were fields and the soil was dark red. After that, it was desert. The sun shone, there was no wind and there were no clouds in the sky. Suddenly, it looked like a place from another time. We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.The train was comfortable and the people were nice. During the day, I sat and looked out of the window, and sometimes talked to other passengers. I read books and listened to my Chinese cassettes (I'm studying Chinese at school). One night, at about midnight, I watched the night sky for about an hour. The stars shone like diamonds.Why is the train called the Ghan? A long time ago, Australians needed a way to travel to the middle of the country. They tried riding horses, but the horses didn't like the hot weather and sand. A hundred and fifty years ago, they brought some camels from Afghanistan. Ghan is short for Afghanistan.Camels were much better than horses for travelling a long distance. For many years, trained camels carried food and other supplies, and returned with wool and other products.The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s. Then the government built a new railway line, so they didn't need the camels any more. In 1925, they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem. In 1935, the police in a town shot 153 camels in one day.Module 4 A Lively City(XL—Xiao Lli JM--John Martin)XL：It’s great to see you again, john.JM：It’s great to see you! It’s been six years since we last saw each other,you know. And this is the first time I’ve visited your hometown.XL：Yes ,I’m so glad you could come .JM：You know ,I have seen quite a lot of china and I’ve visited some beautiful cities ,but this is one of the most attractive places I’ve been to. It’s so lively, and everyone seems so friendly.XL：Yes ,it’s one of the most intreresting cities on the coast,everyone says so.I feel very fortunate living here.And I love living by the seaside.JM：You live in the northwest of Xiamen ,is that right?XL：Yes ,that’s right.JM：What’s the climate like?XL：Pretty hot and wet in the summer,but it can be quite cold in the winter.JM：Sounds Ok to me.There are a lot of tourists around.Don’t they bother you?XL：Yes, they can be a nuisance in the summer because there are so many of them.JM：Oh, look at that huge apartement block!XL：Yes, they’re just completed it.The rent for an apartment there is very high.JM：I believe you! This area’s so modern !XL：Yes, this is the business district.They’ve put up a lot high-rise buildings recently. And there are some great shopping malls.See,we’re just passing one now .My wife’s just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops there.JM：Maybe I could buy a few presents there.XL：I’ll take you there tomorrow. Now we’re leaving the business district and approaching the harbour. We’re ehtering the western district, the most intererting part of the city .It’s got some really pretty parks…..JM：It seems lovely. Is that Gulangyu Island,just across the water?XL：Yes, it is .It’s a gorgeous island with some really intereting architecture.JM：So they tell me.Do you think we could stop and walk aroud for a while ?XL：Yes, I was just going to do that.We can park over there .A friend’s told me about a nice little fish restaurant near here. Shall we go there for lunch ?JM：That sounds great.I’m starving!Module 6The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, and it's accessible through a computer . It consists of millions of pages of data.In 1969, DARPA, a U.S. defence organisation, developed a way for all their computers to "talk" to e ach ot-her through the telephone. They created a network of computers called DARPANET. For fift een years, only the U.S. army could use this system of communication. Then in 1984, the U.S. Nati onal Science Foundation (NSF) started the NSFNET network. It then became possible for universiti es to use the system as well. NSFNET became known as the Inter-Network, or "Internet".The World Wide Web (the web) is a computer network that allows computer users to access inform ation from millions of websites via the Internet. At the moment, about 80 percent of web traffic is in English, but this percentage is going down. By 2020, much web traffic could be in Chinese.The World Wide Web was invented in 1991 by an English scientist, Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee b uilt his first computer while he was at university using an old television! He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.Berners-Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet, not just universities and the army. He designed the first "web browser", which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers. From that moment on, the web and the Internet grew. Within five years, the number of Int ernet users rose from 600 000 to 40 million.The Internet has created thousands of millionaires, but Berners-Lee is not one of them. Everyone in the world can access the Internet using his World Wide Web system. He now works as a lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston.Module 5 A Simple Scientific ExperimentBelow is a description of a simple scientific experiment. It shows us how iron reacts with air and with water.Aim: To find out iron rusts (a) in dry air; (b) in water that has no air in it (air-free water); (c) in ordinary water.Apparatus：3 clean iron nails；test tubes；test tube holder；cotton wool；oil；Bunsen burner.Iron in dry airMethod(1)Put some iron nails at the bottom of a test tube.(2)Push some cotton wool down the tube.(3)Leave the tube for one week.ResultAfter one week,the nails have not rusted. ConclusionIron does not rust in dry air. Iron in ordinary waterMethod(1)Half-fill a test tube with water and two or three clean nails.(2)Leave the tube for one week.ResultThe nails rust in the tube with ordinary water. ConclusionIron rusts in ordinary water.Iron in air-free waterMethod(1)Half-fill a test tube with water.(2)Boil the water for three minutes.( This makes sure there is no air in the water. )(3)Put two or three clean nails in the water.(4)Add some oil to the water.This will keep air out of the water.(5)Leave the tube for one week.ResultThe nails do not rust in the tube with air-free water. ConclusionIron does not rust in air-free water.精品文档考试教学资料施工组织设计方案。
中国外语教育发展史回顾
中国外语教育发展史回顾新中国外语教育的发展过程关键词:六十年代的十年制学校英语教材（English Teaching Materials for Schools of Ten-year System in 1960s）1960年10月，教育部决定由人民教育出版社重新编写一套统一的十年制中小学教材（要求不提高程度，不改变体系，适当缩短年限，在10年内学完12年的课程）。
英语只编写中学阶段5年的教材。
过去中学英语教材是委托外国语学院编写的，这一次是在教育部的直接领导下组织人力编写。
在编写课本之前，各科都拟定了编写纲要，并针对编辑干部思想上存在的主要问题反复进行了讨论，纠正了一些不正确的思想，初步统一了认识。
到1961年夏季，又进一步明确规定了中学英语教学的目的，是使学生初步掌握英语这个工具，为升入高等学校或在工作中运用英语（如阅读英文的专业书刊等）打下基础；强调要多选原著，学习地道的英语。
在教材编排体系方面，确定应该以逐步培养学生的阅读、口语和书写能力的需要为主要线索。
语音、语法的基本知识和选入的词汇、课文都应该照顾到学生的接受能力，有计划、有系统地安排，做到由易到难、由浅入深、难点分散。
以课文为主体，使词汇、语音和语法在保持各自一定系统的情况下与课文密切结合。
并且强调英语教学的目的在于使学生确实掌握英语这个工具，因此要加强基本训练。
结果编写出版了《十年制学校初中课本英语（试用本）》第一、二、三册和《十年制学校高中课本英语（试用本）》第一、二册，编入了基本的语音和语法知识和约2700个单词。
还编写出版了逐册配合这套课本的《教学参考书》，录制了教学留声片。
从 1961年秋季起，在全国各地一些条件较好的学校（十年制试验学校）开始试用。
到1966年，这套教材刚好用完一轮。
文化大革命开始，这套教材被贬为“封、资、修的大杂烩”，停止使用。
这套课本是建国以来第二套中学英语通用教材。
它克服了过去强调政治内容、不注意学语言的偏向，重视了培养学生运用英语的能力。
全日制普通高级中学英语教科书(第一册上)教学目
《全日制普通高级中学英语教科书》（第一册·上）教学目标本套教材是根据《全日制普通高级中学英语教学大纲》并参照国家《英语课程标准》的精神编写的。
在教学目标的设定上，不是单一的语言知识与语言运用能力的目标，而是多元的教学目标，既包括语言知识与语言能力，也包括思想品德、情感态度、学习策略、文化意识, 发展学生自主学习与合作学习的能力，帮助学生形成正确的人生观、世界观和价值观，以及培养教师和学生的创新精神。
本套教材注意促进学生自主学习，帮助他们发现自己的学习特点，不断调整学习方式,指导学生采取各种学习策略，有效地学习和发展。
为了帮助教师采用启发式、创造性教学方式，使学生逐渐成为积极的自主学习者，本套教材采用的教学方法多样化，教学活动形式生动活泼，鼓励学生动脑思考、大胆想象、发挥其创造性，让他们主动参与、自主学习，真正实现以学生为主体。
《全日制普通高级中学英语教科书》（第一册·上）教学目标本套教材是根据《全日制普通高级中学英语教学大纲》并参照国家《英语课程标准》的精神编写的。
在教学目标的设定上，不是单一的语言知识与语言运用能力的目标，而是多元的教学目标，既包括语言知识与语言能力，也包括思想品德、情感态度、学习策略、文化意识, 发展学生自主学习与合作学习的能力，帮助学生形成正确的人生观、世界观和价值观，以及培养教师和学生的创新精神。
本套教材注意促进学生自主学习，帮助他们发现自己的学习特点，不断调整学习方式,指导学生采取各种学习策略，有效地学习和发展。
为了帮助教师采用启发式、创造性教学方式，使学生逐渐成为积极的自主学习者，本套教材采用的教学方法多样化，教学活动形式生动活泼，鼓励学生动脑思考、大胆想象、发挥其创造性，让他们主动参与、自主学习，真正实现以学生为主体。
《全日制普通高级中学英语教科书》（第一册·上）教学内容在教材的框架设计上，本套教材仍采用以话题为主线，功能与结构相结合的途径。