语 法 讲 解 ——虚拟语气
英语语法专题讲座-虚拟语气
我时常会想，如果我们能以明天就要告别这个世 界的态度来度过每一天，那一定是极好的，这种 心态会让每一个人珍视生命的价值。
If the whole operation be fore hand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.(CET-4， 1999年6月) A)was not planned B)has not been planned C)had not been planned D)were not planned 答案C。由主句的谓语动词would have been lost可以 判断，本题考查的是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语 气的用法，if引导的从句须用过去完成时，故C项为 正确答案。本题句意是：如果整个手术不提前安排 的话，那就要浪费大量的时间和金钱。
虚拟语气的基本用法
If everyone in the country knew first aid， many lives saved. A. are B. will be C. would be D. would have been 答案为C。译文：如果这个国家每个公民都 懂得急救，许多生命就会得以挽救。
答案A。句意是：要不是能及时从社会获得投 资，我们公司也不会像现在这样繁荣了。
含蓄虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出 来，只暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子 叫做含蓄条件句。 常见的有but for, without等引导的短语，以 及or, or else, otherwise, but等后面的分句。
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解10---虚拟语气(解析版)
引导的让步和方式状语从 as if/though
He looks as if he were an artist.
句
He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.
in order that, so that, in case, for fear that
提前，即 故填 were/should/had
Were/Should/Had I..., Were
4. have fallen 解析：句意：要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从 2005 年的 最高值降下来。从句“Had...not worked together”是对过去情况的假设，所以主句谓语要用 wouldn't have done.
necessary, natural, strange, important,
等 用 于 句 型 surprising, vital
“It
中， 引导的主语从 is+adj.+that...” that
句中谓语动词常用“（should)do”形式
It is necessary that he(should)sort out the information for my reference.
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解 专题十 虚拟语气
一．虚拟语气在 if 非真实条件句中的应用
虚拟条件从句(if)
主句
与现在事实相反的 主语+did/were
假设
与过去事实相反的 主语+had done
假设
与将来事实相反的 主语+ 1.did/were
假设
2.should do
虚拟语气语法讲解
虚拟语⽓语法讲解虚拟语⽓语法讲解虚拟语⽓是⼀种动词形式，表⽰说话⼈的⼀种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语⽓所表⽰的含义不是客观存在的事实。
在条件句中的应⽤，条件句可分为两类，⼀类为真实条件句，⼀类为⾮真实条件句。
⾮真实条件句表⽰的是假设的或实际可能性不⼤的情况，故采⽤虚拟语⽓。
⼀、虚拟语⽓在从句中的使⽤虚拟语⽓即表达不可能发⽣或与预期相反的情况。
⾸先我们应熟悉它在三种时态⾥的使⽤情况，这是正确使⽤虚拟语⽓的基础。
这三种时态是：现在；过去；将来。
1、表⽰现在的虚拟式If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 如果我是只鸟，我就会飞到你⾝边去。
If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position.如果不是他们的帮忙，我们就会处于⼀个⾮常困难的境地。
2、表⽰过去的虚拟式If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.如果我们早⼀点动⾝的话，就不会误车了。
If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. 如果她不是病了，可能会来的3、表⽰将来的虚拟式If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions.如果李教授明天有空的话，我们可以问他点问题。
If there should be no air, there would be no living things.如果没有空⽓，就不会有⽣物。
⼆、错综时间的虚拟句通常情况下,在⾮真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是⼀致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下⽂的意思采⽤不同的谓语动词形式.If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。
虚拟语气 详解+练习
虚拟语气【与客观事实相反，发生几率低】1. 常规虚拟语气【必讲】（1）与现在事实相反：If I were in your shoes, I would act differently.If I had enough money, I would run a company of my own.（2）与过去事实相反：You would have missed the train if you had not hurried.If he had not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company.（3）与将来事实相反：If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car.If he were to come here, how would you tell him about this?2. 混合时间虚拟句【必讲】If you had not helped them, they would still be in New York now.If I had studied English at school, I could read The English novel now.If I knew your E-mail address, I would have sent E-mail to you last night. (Even now I still don’t know your E-mail address and I can’t send it.)If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(Being careless is part of her nature and she can never change it.)If I were not busy, I would have come with you.(I am still busy now.)练习：1. If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall payB. were; will payC. would be; would payD. were; would pay2. It would have been just as satisfactory if I ______ at home. I learned nothing in class.A. had stayedB. stayedC. was stayingD. would stay3. We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we ______ him.A. would have telephonedB. must have telephonedC. would telephoneD. had telephoned4. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tiredA. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven; wouldn’t have got3. 倒装虚拟句【难句必讲内容，语法课视学生水平和时间条件选讲】Had he not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company. Should I win the lottery, I would buy a car.Were he to leave today, he would get there by Monday.If I had money, …不能倒装成：Had I money, …练习：1. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______ our chairman now.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be2. ______ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.A. Had it not beenB. Were it notC. Be it notD. Should it not be3. ______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrivedB. Were they arrivingC. Would they arriveD. Were they to arrive4. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______ a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. should there beC. there wasD. there having been4. 含蓄虚拟句【选讲】①But for要不是+ N；but that + 句子But for their help, I would not have finished the task.But for the sun, there could be no life on the earth.But that the doctor arrived on time that day(不用虚拟), they would have been dead. (用虚拟) —— 改成ifBut that he needed money desperately, he would never have turned to his brother for help. ——改成if②If it were not for…要不是If it had not been for…要不是【托福阅读中出现过，难句内容】a. If it were not for…对现在虚拟If it had not been for…对过去虚拟b. for + 词组c. 倒装形式were it not for…/ had it not been for____________ the sun, there could be no life on earth.A. Were it not forB. If it were notC. Were it notD. But that【说话人对于听话人的主观意志影响】5. 一坚持、二命令、三建议、四要求【必讲】insist; order, command; advise, suggest, propose; ask, demand, require, requestThe general ordered that his troops (should) move on to the front.They require that visitors (should) not smoke in the workshop.补充：beg, decide, determine, move, prefer, recommend, urge, desireHis father urged that he study medicine.注意：suggest “暗示，说明”, insist “坚持认为”用直陈式His puzzled expression suggested that he didn’t understand.I insisted that I had taken the early train that morning.练习：1. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ________ill, and her parents suggested that she _______ a medical examination.A. be; should haveB. was; haveC. should be; hadD. was; has2. The young man insisted that he________ nothing wrong and_________ free.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. do; be setD. had done; must be set3. Some insisted that we_______ an English evening at weekend, yet some insisted that they _______ no interest in it at all.A. should hold; takeB. were going to hold; showC. hold; tookD. would hold; would show十个动词相对应的名词His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.He made the suggestion that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.6. It is + 形容词或过去分词或特定的名词+ that…【服务于写作，必讲】It is essential that people be psychologically able to resist the impact brought about by the transition from planned economy to market economy.It is necessary that a high school student (should) master a foreign language.It is important that we (should) have a good knowledge of history and geography.It is natural that I should dwell upon his successes rather than upon his failures.It is usual that ...It is requested that all members be present at the meeting.It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.常见形容词：advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable(可取的), imperative, urgent, vital, normal, proper, preferable7. It is a pity / strange / surprising / no wonder that…【选讲】从句谓语动词用虚拟语气should do (should不可省略)，表遗憾、惊奇、怀疑、不满或欣慰等语气。
英语语法讲解之——虚拟语气
虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed! 祝您成功!I．状语从句中的虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法：1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
其句子结构为：从句：If + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……If I were you, I would go with him. If the weather were fine, I would go there.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house.If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble.If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
其句子结构为：从句：If + 主语+ had +动词的过去分词+ ……主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +动词的过去分词+……If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。
If it hadn’t been for your help, I shouldn’t have finished this work on time.要是没有你们的帮忙，我就不会按时完成了这项工作。
虚拟语气的全面讲解
当条件状语 从句行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时， 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。
If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour. If I were you ,I wouldn‘t have missed the film last night. If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.
III. 在不同时间下，虚拟语气的三种形式，公式。 I.与现在事实相反 Were might If+主语+ 过去式动词 would 过去式助动词 ， 主语+ could + V Should II.与过去事实相反 might would + have + 过去分词 If +主语+had +过去分词, 主语 + could Should
练习
1) If you ___ the doctor’s advice, you would have recognized already. A. followed B would follow C follow D had followed 2) If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he ___ me from going. A had been , would have prevented B had been, would prevent C were, would prevent D were, would have prevented 3) I ___ if she ____ me. A would have overslept,didn't call B would have overslept, hadn’t called C overslept, hadn't called D would overslept, didn't call 4) ---- If he ___, he___that food. ----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A was warned, would not take B had been warned, would not have taken C would be warned, had not taken D would have been warned, had not taken 5) She _____ to the party if she _____ invited. A would have gone, had been B would go , was C would have gone, was D has gone
(完整版)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气1。
语气的定义和种类(1）语气的定义语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
（2）语气的种类A. 陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
We are not ready.Did it rain all day yesterday？What a fine day today!B. 祈使语气表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
Be careful.Don’t forget to clo se the window.Open the door， please。
C。
虚拟语气表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等.2。
虚拟语气一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句）两种。
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。
如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic。
假若明天不下雨,我就去野餐.Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语）, 主句的谓语用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。
如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐.表示愿望。
）If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。
高中英语语法讲解——虚拟语气
2.这类主语从句常常用于表示要求、建议、 命令、请求、提议等，其谓语形式往往为 “ （ should）+ 动 词 原 形 ” 的 形 式 。 在 美 国，常省略should，而在英国，则往往不 省略should。
比如：
--It is necessary that the machine (should) be oiled everyday. 机器必须天天上油。
1.1.1.和现在事实相反的非真实条件句
这类非真实条件句表示和现在事实相反的情况。比如： --I would/should certainly go if I had the time.
如果我有时间，我一定会去的。 --If I were your father, I would criticize you more
--I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.
我从未想到问题会如此复杂。
--They just couldn’t believe that the new stadium should be so big.
他们简直不能相信新的体育馆会如此大。
--The teacher insisted that all the students (should) be on time.
老师要求学生们准时到校。
--He suggested that the regulations (should) be revised. 他建议修改规则。
The lawyer asked that the case (should ) be postponed for one month. 律师要求案子往后推迟一个月。
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语法讲解——虚拟语气英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over. (3) 含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。
常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。
Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.(4) 在if it were( had been )not for ….句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于‘if it were/(had been) not for ….’句型中，意为‘要不是由于…’。
If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.二．虚拟语气用在名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。
∙常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.∙常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities. It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气①wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形Iwish it were spring all year round.I wish it would be fine tomorrow.She wished she had stayed at home.②在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。
此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request. The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.P.S. 当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。
常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits. 三．虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用1.在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。
其形式如下：主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）He talks as if he knew all about it.She speaks English well as if he had studied in America. He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.2.在it is (high) time that …句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。
It is time that we went home.P.S.此句型中，注意与‘It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。
This is the first time that I have been here.3.would rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。
Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）Would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）I’d rather he didn’t go now.I’d rather you hadn’t done it.4. if only后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。
5. 动词hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为‘本想，本打算，本认为’He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained. （他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）虚拟语气练习题精选1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.A. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.A. leave; forB. leave; toC. left; toD. to be left; for3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.A. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. has gone4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. should do; be setD. had done; must be set5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .A. can; itB. /; /C. would; itD. may; /6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.A. for; toB. that; beC. which; shouldbe D. to; being7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.A. would be sentB. should sendC. be sentD. must be sent8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.A. will protectB. should protectC. shallprotect D. are protecting9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.A. Will there beB. Should there beC. There will beD. There should be11. _____ today, he _would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .A. would be savedB. would have been savedC. will be savedD. had been saved13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. wouldB. should haveC.may D. have14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.A. I amB. I would beC. I wasD. I were15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.A. would lendB. would have lentC. could lendD. may have lent16. A few minutes earlier and we ____ the rain.A. have caughtB. had caughtC. could havecaught D. were to catch17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”--- “No, but I wish I _____”A. haveB. willC. doD. had18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .A. I may have failedB. I’d failC. I’d have failedD. I’ll have failed19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?” --- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”A. I’m decidingB. I’ll decideC. Idecided D. I decide20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?A. should snowB. would snowC.snow D. will snow21.09安徽But for their help, we ______ the program in time.A . can not finish. B. will not finish C. hand not finished D. could not have finished22.09江苏He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _____ it differently.A . could express. B.. would express. C. could have expressed. D. must have expressed.23. 09浙江. The doctor recommended that you ____ swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldn’t.B. couldn’t.C. needn’tD. shouldn’t24.09福建. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A . would not win. B. would not won. C. would win. D. would have won.25.09重庆. ----Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?----She ____ in the classroom. I saw her there just now.A. shall be.B. should have been.C. must be.D. might have been.。