缩略语
100个英文缩略语
100个英文缩略语1. ASAP As Soon As Possible.2. DIY Do It Yourself.3. FYI For Your Information.4. ASAP As Soon As Possible.5. BTW By The Way.6. FAQ Frequently Asked Questions.7. ETA Estimated Time of Arrival.8. RSVP Répondez s'il vous plaît (French for "Please respond")。
9. VIP Very Important Person.11. UFO Unidentified Flying Object.12. GPS Global Positioning System.13. ATM Automated Teller Machine.14. CIA Central Intelligence Agency.15. FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation.16. NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration.17. LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender.18. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization.19. PDA Public Display of Affection.20. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.22. NGO Non-Governmental Organization.23. SWAT Special Weapons and Tactics.24. UFO Unidentified Flying Object.25. RSVP Répondez s'il vous plaît (French for "Please respond")。
英语聊天缩略语
np =（no problem）当别人说谢谢时，最常用的回答。
igtg = i get to go ,我要走了soz =(sorry)对不起plz =(please)礼貌用语：请lol =(laugh out loud)仰天大笑lo =(laugh out)平常的打招呼用语，也可以用hiya.lmao =(laugh my ass off)笑得我屁股都掉了，指爆笑，有点得意忘形的意思。
ty =(thank you)谢谢afk =(away from keyboard)人不在电脑旁m8 =(mate)伙伴，朋友w8 =(wait)等等网路上聊天常用的缩略语......WRT（很荣幸With Respect To）您读我的这篇文章。
在文章里，有许多网络中常用的缩略语，我会在括号里注明，IOW （换句话说InOther Words），我注明了，您再读不明白，咱们可以F2F（面对面Face to Face）地讨论，我将在文章的后面留下我的妹儿（EAMIL电子邮件）地址。
当然，如果你懒得讨论，就当我TIC吧（顺便说说而已Tongue In Cheek）。
AFAIK（据我所知As Far As I know），遨游于INTERNET，是一种有趣的体验，在BBS（论坛）上，在聊天室里，甚至通过妹儿或者ICQ（网络寻呼机）和陌生人交谈，有一种梦幻般的感觉，这能使你的交际圈扩大到前所未有的范围，这种交往的速度可比传统的通过FOAF（朋友的朋友Friend Of a Friend）交往要快的多。
AAMOF（事实上As a Matter Of Fact），在网络中穿梭的人们，时间往往很宝贵，于是网虫们发明了这些缩略语，一来节省了时间，二来还能产生许多意想不到的效果呢。
比如，在网上大概见到最多的缩略语就是TMD了，不用说，这是我们最有名的国骂的缩写了，但是，当一些新上网的人问老网虫这三个字母是什么意思时，老网虫通常会不好意思，然后语焉不详地告诉后来者，这是Traditional Medical Doctor，这可是传统中医呀，呵呵……同样，你若问他NB是什么意思，他也会把这个北京球迷在足球场上用来夸奖别人的脏字演化成NationalBank，国家银行是也；当然他也可能说NB是Natural Beautiful，是自然美呀。
化工常用缩略语大全
化工常用缩略语大全前言在化工行业中，经常会出现各种缩略语。
这些缩略语往往是专业术语的简化形式，能够方便并快速地进行信息交流。
本文档将为读者介绍一些常见的化工缩略语，帮助大家更好地理解和使用这些术语。
常见缩略语以下是一些常见的化工缩略语：•HSE: 健康、安全和环境（Health, Safety and Environment）。
•PPE: 个人防护装备（Personal Protective Equipment）。
•MSDS: 材料安全数据表（Material Safety Data Sheet）。
•P&ID: 管线与仪表图（Piping and Instrumentation Diagram）。
•SOP: 标准操作规程（Standard Operating Procedure）。
•API: 美国石油学会（American Petroleum Institute）。
•ISO: 国际标准化组织（International Organization for Standardization）。
•VOC: 挥发性有机化合物（Volatile Organic Compounds）。
•REACh: 注册、评估、授权和限制化学物质法规（Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals）。
•GHS: 全球化学品分类和标签系统（Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals）。
物质相关缩略语在化工行业中，有很多缩略语是与各种物质相关的。
以下是一些常见的物质相关缩略语：•CAS: 化学品抽象服务号（ChemicalAbstracts Service）。
•LD50: 半数致死量（Lethal Dose 50）。
•SCBA: 自给式呼吸器（Self-Contned Breathing Apparatus）。
英文文献中的通用缩略语
a. =annus ^;anno 在年（如 anno 1930,在1930 年）。
annot. = annotatione 附注，注释。
app. = appendix 附录。
Cc.二cum 具有……，伴着.....。
c. a.二circa大约大概左右。
常用于日期中表示大概的数。
Cap..二capitulus章节。
用于章节前。
ch.二chapter章节的简称。
用于单数chs.=chapters章节的简称。
用于两章以上如nd 2 Chap.二chapter章节的简称。
用于单数。
cf.二confer试比较，比照。
与cp.可替换使用。
cp.二compare 比较Cp=Cpindex 索弓|C.V.=curriculumvitae 简历。
c. fig. = cum figura 具有插图。
cat. = catalogus 目录，书目。
coll. = collectio采集品（即采集的标本）。
coll. = collector采集者，采集人。
collect. = collector 采集者，采集人。
comb. nov. = comblnatio nova 新组合（命名上的）。
distr. = distributus , -a , -um 分布。
Eead.=eadem同上用来避免脚注、书目、引用等处重复某个女性作者的名字e.d./ed.二主编如果是多人合编用eds.e.g. = exempli gratia 例，例如。
e.p. = ex parte部分〖地〗，其中一部分。
ex从……，由……，根据……excl.=exclusa 不包括。
ex auct.descr.根据原作者描述ex max.p. = ex minimaparte 其中绝大部分。
et.及，和。
etc.=etcetera 等等，等物。
et al.二et alii等等，等物，等人。
et seq.=etsequenset seqq. =etsequenteset sequa.=etsequentia 参照Ff. = forma 变型，型。
国际贸易缩略语 中英文对照
国际贸易缩略语中英文对照在国际贸易这个广阔的领域中，缩略语的使用就像一种独特的语言密码，能够快速、简洁地传达复杂的信息。
对于从事国际贸易的专业人士来说，熟练掌握这些缩略语是至关重要的。
下面就让我们一起来了解一些常见的国际贸易缩略语及其对应的中英文含义。
一、贸易术语类1、 FOB（Free on Board）：船上交货，指卖方在指定的装运港将货物装到买方指定的船上，即完成交货。
2、 CIF（Cost, Insurance and Freight）：成本、保险费加运费，卖方要负责支付将货物运至指定目的港所需的运费和保险费。
3、 CFR（Cost and Freight）：成本加运费，卖方负责支付运费，但保险由买方负责。
4、 EXW（Ex Works）：工厂交货，卖方在其所在地或其他指定的地点（如工场、工厂或仓库）将货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货。
二、支付方式类1、 L/C（Letter of Credit）：信用证，是银行根据进口商的请求，开给出口商的一种保证承担支付货款责任的书面凭证。
2、T/T（Telegraphic Transfer）：电汇，是汇出行应汇款人的申请，拍发加押电报或电传或 SWIFT 给在另一国家的分行或代理行（即汇入行）指示解付一定金额给收款人的一种汇款方式。
3、 D/P（Documents against Payment）：付款交单，是指出口人的交单是以进口人的付款为条件。
4、 D/A（Documents against Acceptance）：承兑交单，是指出口人的交单以进口人在汇票上承兑为条件。
三、运输与物流类1、 B/L（Bill of Lading）：提单，是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。
2、 AWB（Air Waybill）：航空运单，是指承运人与托运人之间签订的运输合同，也是承运人或其代理人签发的货物收据。
英语词典缩略语表
本词典缩略语表abbr abbreviation (略) 略语adj,adjj adjective(s) (形) 形容词adv,advv adverb(s) (副) 副词adv part adverbial particle (副接) 副词接语aux auxiliary (助) 助动词[C] countable noun (可数) 可数名词conj conjunction (连) 连接def art definite article (定冠) 定冠词eg for example (例如) 例如esp especially (尤指) 尤指etc and the others (等) 等等ie which is to say (意即) 意即indef art indefinite article (不定冠词) 不定冠词inf infinitive (不定词) 不定词int interjection (感) 感叹词n noun(s) (名) 名词neg negative(ly) (否定) 否定的(地)part adj participial adjective (分形) 分词形容词pers person (人称) 人称pers pron personal pronoun (人称代) 人称代名词pl plural (复) 复数(的)pp past participle (过去分词) 过去分词pref prefix (字首) 字首prep preposition(al) (介词) 介词，介系词，介词的pron pronoun (代) 代名词pt past tense (过去) 过去式sb som ebody (某人) 某人sing singular (单) 单数(的)sth som ething (某事物) 某物或某事suff suffix (字尾) 字尾[U] uncountable noun (不可数) 不可数名词US America(n) (美) 美国(的) v verb(s) (动) 动词[VP] Verb Pattern (动型) 动词类型vi verb intransitive (不及物动词) 不及物动词vt verb transitive (及物动词) 及物动词look at (察看) 参看male (男性) 男性(的)female (女性) 女性(的)。
最近流行的中文缩略语
最近流行的中文缩略语
最近，随着社交网络的普及和人们表达方式的多样化，中文缩略语也越来越受欢迎。
以下是最近流行的几个中文缩略语：
1. 妥妥的（TTD）：意为“肯定的”，表示对某件事情非常确定。
2. 感觉自己萌萌哒（GJZJMD）：表示自己觉得自己很可爱、很萌。
3. 九零后（JLH）：指出生在1990年代的人，也称为“90后”。
4. 七嘴八舌（QZBS）：形容许多人在说话时都说个不停，互相竞相发表自己的看法。
5. 求安利（QAL）：表示希望别人推荐自己感兴趣的事物或产品。
这些缩略语不仅方便了人们的表达，同时也反映了当下社会的流行趋势和年轻人的生活方式。
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英文缩略语大全
很全的英文缩略语,与老外聊天不愁看不懂了和老外聊天、发邮件常用英语缩写,邮件里常用的四个英文缩写CC,FYI,ASAP,RESEND1. CC=Carbon copy 抄送2. FYI=for your reference 供你参考3. ASAP=as soon as possible 尽快4. RESEND! 重传数字：2 = to/too2B or not 2B = To be or not to be4 = for4ever = foreverA：ASL = Age/Sex/LocationAFAIC = As Far As I’m ConcernedAFAIK = As Far As I KnowAMBW = All My Best WishesAOTS = All Of The SuddenASAFP = As Soon As "Friggin" PossibleASAP = As Soon As PossibleATST = At The Same TimeB：B4 = BeforeB4N = Bye For NowBBIAB = Be Back In A BitBBIAF = Be Back In A FewBBL = Be Back LaterBBN = Bye Bye NowBF = Boy friendBFD = Big Fing DealBFN = Bye For NowBHOF = Bald Headed Old FartBIF = Basis In FactBITD = Back In The DayBiz = BusinessBM = Byte MeBMOTA = Byte Me On The AssBNF = Big Name FanBOHICA = Bend Over Here It Comes AgainBOM=bill of material 材料清单BR = Best regardsBRB = Be Right BackBRT = Be Right ThereBS = Big SmileBT = Byte ThisBTDT = Been There Done ThatBTSOOM = Beats The Sh Out Of MeBTW = By The WayBTWBO = Be There With Bells OnBWDIK = But What Do I Know?BWO = Black, White or OtherC：Cam = Web CameraCIAO = Goodbye (in Italian)CID = Consider It DoneCIS = CompuServe Information ServiceCMF = Count My FingersCof$ = Church of ScientologyCRAFT = Can’t Remember A Fing Thing CRAWS = Can’t Remember Anything Worth A Sh CSL = Can’t Stop LaughingCTC = Choaking The ChickenCU = See YouCUL/CYL/CUL8R = See You LaterCWYL = Chat With You LaterCYA = Cover Your AssD：DBEYR = Don’t Believe Everything You Read DD = Due DiligenceDDD = Direct Distance DialDETI = Don’t Even Think ItDGT = Don’t Go ThereDHYB = Don’t Hold Your BreathDIIK = Damned If I KnownDILLIGAD = Do I Look Like I Give A d\\amn DILLIGAS = Do I Look Like I Give A ShDKDC = Don’t Know Don’t CareDL = DownloadDLTM = Don’t Lie To MeDQYDJ = Don’t Quit You’re Day JobDRIB = Don’t Read If BusyDS = Dunce SmileyDYSTSOTT = Did You See The Size Of That ThingE：EG = Evil GrinEOM = End Of MessageESO = Equipment Smarter than OperatorF：F2F/FTF = Face To FaceFAQ = Frequently Asked QuestionFBKS = Failure Between Keyboard and SeatFE = For Example/Fatal ErrorFF&PN = Fresh Fields And Pastures NewFOAF = Friend Of A FriendFTASB = Faster Than A Speeding BulletFT = FaintFTL = Faster Than LightFTTB = For The Time BeingFUBAR = Fed Up Beyond All RecognitionFUBB = Fed Up Beyond BeliefFUD = (Spreading) Fear, Uncertainty, and Disinformation FWIW = For What It’s WorthFYA = For Your AmusementFYI = For Your InformationFYM = For Your MisinformationG：G2G = Got To GoG8T/GR8 = GreatGAL = Get A LifeGDGD = Good,GoodGF = girlfriendGG = Good Game/Gotta GoGIGO = Garbage In, Garbage OutGIWIST = Gee, I Wish I’d Said ThatGL = Good LuckGLYASDI = God Loves You And So Do IGMTA = Great Minds Think AlikeGNBLFY = Got Nothing But Love For YouGR&D = Grinning Running And DuckingGRRRR = "Growling"GSOAS = Go Sit On A SnakeGTG = Got To GoGTGB = Got To Go, ByeGTGP = Got To Go PeeGTH = Go To HellGTSY = Glad To See YaGYPO = Get Your Pants OffBE A QUEEN.H：HAGO = Have A Good OneHAK = Hugs And KissesHB = Hurry BackHD = HoldHHO1/2K = Ha Ha, Only Half KiddingHHOK = Ha Ha, Only KiddingHIOOC = Help! I’m Out Of CoffeeHowz = How isHTH = Hope This (That) HelpsHUA = Heads Up AceHUYA = Head Up Your AI：IAC = In Any CaseIAE = In Any EventIANAC = I Am Not A CrookIANAL = I Am Not A LawyerIBT = In Between TechnologyIBTD = I Beg To DifferIC = I See/In CharacterIDGAF = I Don’t Give A FIDGI = I Don’t Get ItIDK = I Don’t KnowIDKY = I Don’t Know YouIDST = I Didn’t Say ThatIDTS = I Don’t Think SoIFAB = I Found A BugIFU = I Fed UpIGGP = I Gotta Go PeeIIIO = Intel Inside, Idiot OutsideIIMAD = If It Makes An(y) DifferenceIIRC = If I Remember CorrectlyIIWM = If It Were MeILICISCOMK = I Laughed, I Cried, I Spat/Spilt Coffee/Crumbs/Coke On My KeyboardILY = I Love YouIMHO = In My Humble OpinionIMNSHO = In My Not So Humble OpinionIMO = In My OpinionINMP = It’s Not My ProblemINPO = In No Particular OrderIOH = I’m Outta HereIOW = In Other WordsIRL = In Real LifeISS = I Said SoITM = In The MoneyIYKWIM = If You Know What I MeanIYSS = If You Say SoJ：J/C = Just CheckingJ/K = Just Kidding!J/W = Just WonderingJAFO = Just Another Fing OnlookerK：K/KK = OK/OK, OKKFY = Kiss For YouKISS = Keep It Simple StupidKIT = Keep In TouchKMA = Kiss My AssKWIM = Know What I MeanKX = kissKYPO = Keep Your Pants OnL：L8R = LaterLD = Long DistanceLDTTWA = Let’s Do The Time Warp Again LLTA = Lots And Lots Of Thunderous Applause LMAO = Laughing My Ass OffLMK = Let Me KnowLOL = Laughing Out Loud/Lots Of Luck(Love) LTIC = Laughing ’Til I CryLTNS = Long Time No SeeLYL = Love Ya LotsLYLAS = Love You Like A SisterM：M8T = MateMHOTY = My Hat’s Off To YouMM = Market MakerMorF = Male or Female?MOTD = Message Of The DayMOTSS = Members Of The Same SexMTFBWY = May The Force Be With YouMWBRL = More Will Be Revealed LaterMYOB = Mind Your Own BusinessN：N = And/Know/NowNAK = Nursing At KeyboardNAZ = Name, Address, Zip (also means Nasdaq)NBD = No Big DealNBIF = No Basis In FactNFI = No Fing IdeaNFW = No Fing WayNIFOC = Nude In Front Of The ComputerNM = Never MindNMP = Not My ProblemNMU = Nothing Much YouNOYB = None Of Your BusinessNP = No ProblemNQOCD = Not Quite Our Class DearNRG = EnergyNRN = No Reply NecessaryNYCFS = New York City Finger SaluetO：OAUS = On An Unrelated SubjectOBTW = Oh, By The WayOIC = Oh, I SeeOICU = Oh, I See YouOMDB = Over My Dead BodyOMG = Oh My God/Oh My GoshOMIK = Open Mouth, Insert KeyboardONNA = Oh No, Not AgainOOC = Out Of CharacterOOTB = Out Of The Box/Out Of The BlueOT = Off TopicOTOH = On The Other HandOWTTE = Or Words To That EffectOZ = stands for "Australia"P：PEBCAK = Problem Exists Between Chair And KeyboardPEM = Privacy Enhanced MailPic = PicturePIMP = Peeing In My PantsPITA = Pain In The AssPLS/PLZ = PleasePMFJI = Pardon Me For Jumping InPO = Piss Off /product order/purchase order POS = Parents Over Shoulder POV = Point Of ViewPPL = PeoplePro = ProfessionalPS = By The Way/PhotoshopS:SS:spring/summerT：TAH = Take A HikeTANSTAAFL = There Ain’t No Such Thing As A Free LunchTARFU = Things Are Really Fed UpTDTM = Talk Dirty To MeTEOTWAWKI = The End Of The World As We Know ItTFN = Thanks For Nothin’THX/TX/THKS = ThanksTIA = Thanks In AdvanceTIAIL = Think I Am In LoveTIC = Tongue In CheekTKS/TKX=ThanksTLA = Three Letter AcronymTLGO = The List Goes OnTM = Trust MeTMI = Too Much InformationTMTOWTDI = There’s More Than One Way To Do ItTPTB = The Powers That BeTSR = Totally Stuck in RAMTTFN = Ta Ta For NowTTT = That’s The Ticket/To The TopTTUL/TTYL = Talk To You LaterTWHAB = This Won’t Hurt A BitTY = Thank YouTYVM = Thank You Very MuchU：U = YouUR = YourU R = You areunPC = unPolitically CorrectURYY4M = You Are Too Wise For MeV：VFM = Values For MoneyVG = Very GoodW：WAG = Wild Ass GuessWAI = What An IdiotWB = Welcome BackWCA = Who Cares AnywayWDYS = What Did You Say?WDYT = What Do You Think?WE = WhateverWEG = Wicked Evil GrinWG = Wicked GrinWGAFF = Who Gives A Flying FWIIFM = What’s In It For Me?WIT = Wordsmith In TrainingWITFITS = What in the F is this ShWOG = Wise Old GuyWot/Wut = WhatWRT = With Respect To/With Regard To WTF = What The FWTG = Way To Go!WTSDS = Where The Sun Don’t Shine WYMM = Will You Marry MeWYP = What’s Your Problem?WYRN = What’s Your Real Name?WYS = Whatever You SayWYSIWYG = What You See Is What You Get WYT = Whatever You ThinkX：X U = Kiss YouY：Y = WhyYa = YouYA = Yet AnotherYAFIYGI = You Asked For It You Got ItYDKM = You Don’t Know MeYep/Yup = YesYGBK = You Gotta Be Kiddin’YMMV = Your Mileage May VaryYNK = You Never KnowYOYO = You’re On Your OwnYR = Yeah, RightYSYD = Yeah, Sure You DoYTTT = You Telling The Truth? YYSSW = Yeah Yeah Sure Sure Whatever。
缩略语知识点大全
习用性（既是常用的，又是定型的）
语法特征
识别方法 提取方法 还原方法
1.汉语缩略语与其非缩略形式虽然词汇意义相同，但语法功 能不一定相同。2.缩略语的语法功能与构成方式有关。3.略 语与原形功能基本一致。4.数字缩略语主要是名词性的。5. 缩略语大多是名词。
基于用户查询日志和锚文字的汉语缩略语识别法、行缩略语 对应原语言的还原法、余弦相似度方法、在生语料中自动抽 取现代汉语缩略语的方法。 缩略语词典的自扩展缩略语词典的方法、在生语料中自动抽 取现代汉语缩略语的自扩展缩略语词典方法、基于互联网, 实现英语缩略语源词组及中文翻译的自动获取方法。 基于模糊匹配的缩略语还原算法、利用匹配概率和共现概率 进行缩略语对应原语言的还原法。
省力原则
解读过程 产生条件 缩略机制
首先是激活扩散，然后确定选项。
约定俗成、使用范围要广、不应产生歧义、确实有缩略的必 要
约定性缩略、理据性缩略
特点 类别 判定 选择规则
原因 条件
对应性、能产性强、缩略语构成成分选择上的规律性
1.按照缩略的主观作用来分，可分为自然缩略、故意缩略、 预期缩略、超前的故意缩略、个别性的故意缩略。2.按照缩 略代表形式的选用，可分为以因素为选用单位的缩略、以音 节为基础的缩略、以语素为基础的缩略、以下位词为单位的 缩略、表项缩略。3.按缩略成型来分，可分为整体缩略、部 分缩略、缩略后调整。 1.原式成分间关系较固定。2.时间上的后随性。3.形式上的 可逆性。 1.词汇层面的缩略自然选择规则：语序选择：首词优先、首 字优先、末字末词的采用。2.长度的选择：双音化、三音形 式、四音形式。类比舍去、先入为主、结构和语义字义作用： 缩略中的结构影响、缩略中的语义和字义影响。3.故意缩略 的选择规则：有理化倾向、类比采用、语义重心选择、表意 倾向、心理选择。 1.汉语构词法的独特性。2.双音化历史传统沿革和人们求简 心理。3.社会时代发展的客观需要。
英语缩略语大全
CEO：Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官BT: Bit Torrent 比特流，又名变态下载OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer 原始设备制造商BBS: Bulletin Board System 电子公告板/布告栏系统，国内统称论坛CIMS: Computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机集成制造系统DOS: Disc Operating system 磁盘操作系统ITS: intelligent transportation system 智能交通系统BRT: Bus Rapid Transit 介于快速轨道交通与常规公交之间的新型公共交通客运系统，是一种大运量交通方式，称为地面上的地铁。
NASDAQ: national association of securities dealers automated quotation 全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会API: air pollution index 空气污染指数CDMA: code division multiple access 码分多址；一种无线电发射和接受方式CD: compact disc 激光唱盘光盘SOS: 国际摩尔斯电码救难信号，非任何单词缩写。
鉴于海难事件频繁发射，由于不能及时发出求救信号和最快组织施救，结果造成很大的人员伤亡和财产损失，国际无线电报公约组织于1908年正式将它确定为国际通用海难求救信号。
XP: Experience 体验微软Office XP发布后，成为软件流行命名概念T/T: telegraphic transfer 电汇D/P: Document against payment 付款交单D/A: document against acceptance 承兑交单S/C: sales confirmationB/L: bill of lading 提单C.O: Certificate of origin 原产地证书GSP: Generalized system of preference 普惠制DL: Dollar EC/D: customs declarationFOB: 离岸价CFR: 成本加运费CIF: 成本，运费和保费O/H: overhead 企业的日常管理费用ID: document such as Identity card or driver’s license 身份证件网络上是身份识别号码的意思PS: Photoshop 图像处理软件DW: Dream Weaver 网络制作工具IP: Internet Protocol 网际协议为计算机相互连接进行通信而设计的协议ISP: Internet service provider 网络服务提供商DNS: Domain Name server 域名服务器DDN: digital data networkIE: internet explorer 网络浏览器LAN: local area network 局域网MAN: metropolitan area network 城域网WAN：Wide Area network 广域网WWW: world wide web 万维网IP地址：为了众多电脑主机在通信时能够互相识别，Internet上的每台主机都分配有一个唯一的地址，由32位二进制数组成，通常被分成4个8位二进制数。
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4、2013北京语言大学MTI专业课真题回忆版1.英汉词语互译30分HTTP 超文本传输协议（Hyper Text Transport Protocol）EFTA. 欧洲自由贸易联盟（European Free Trade Association）APECNPT（military) 不扩散核武器条约(Non Proliferation Treaty)V A T 增值税(Value Added Tax)IPO 首次公开募股（Initial Public Offerings）；strait exchange fundation 海峡交流基金会The Milky Way银河International Date Line国际日界线returns on equity权益回报率mass transit system [交] 大运量客运系统公共运输系统a five percent discountequalitarianism平均主义；平等主义自主招生 independent recruitment工笔画claborate-style paintingtraditional Chinese realistic paintingpainting in elaborate style《资治通鉴》History As A Mirror限购Quota弱势群体vulnerable groups；disadvantaged groups军国主义militarism ['mɪlɪt(ə)rɪz(ə)m]探月工程moon probe projectlunar exploration programmoon exploration project中国证监会CSRC(China Securities Regulatory Commission)鸿门宴a dinner at Hongmen where treachery was planned三权分立“separation of the three powers”党内民主democracy within the Party；inner-party democracy5、2013华中科技大学MTI专业课真题回忆版英语翻译基础第一部分词语翻译CPI消费物价指数的英文缩写（Consumer Price Index）AQ逆境商数（Adversity Quotient）；南极洲（Antarctica）CBD交货前付款（Cash Before Delivery）；业务中心地区（Central Business District）NDRC国家发展和改革委员会（National Development and Reform Commission）DHL敦豪速递公司（Dalsey，Hillblom and Lynn是一家国际快递公司）ASEAN东南亚国家联盟（东盟）（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）Oxfam牛津饥荒救济委员会（Oxford Committee for Famine Relief）unitary government单一制政府EU emission cap欧盟排放上限食品添加剂food additives弱势群体vulnerable groups；disadvantaged groups千年发展目标millennium development goals金砖五国five goden brics技术密集型产品technology-intensive product6、2013湖南大学MTI专业课真题回忆版三.翻译基础。
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Geographic Codes for Diaoyu Islands钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿的地理编码The State Oceanic Administration (国家海洋局，SOA) recently released a string of geographic coordinates of the Diaoyu Island and some of its affiliated islets, in a move to affirm Ch ina‟s sovereignty.国家海洋局最近公布了一系列钓鱼岛及附属岛屿的地理坐标，以确认中国的领土主权。
The SOA announcement details the exact longitude and latitude of the Diaoyu Island and 70 of its affiliated islets while publishing location maps, 3D effect graphs and sketchmaps for the Diaoyu Islands.国家海洋局声明了钓鱼岛详细精确的经纬度以及它的70个附属岛屿，同时发布了位置地图，3D效果图以及钓鱼岛的草绘地图。
The announcement aims to help the public understand the information concerning the Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islets, the SOA said.国家海洋局说：“公告旨在帮助公众了解关于钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿的信息。
”The fresh statement came after the Chinese government previously announced the base points and baselines of the territorial waters of the Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islets, as well as the names and coordinates of 17 base points.最新的声明是在之前中国政府宣布的钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿的基点和领海基线，以及名称还有17个基本点坐标的基础上产生的。
The SOA said China has the same sovereignty over its territorial sea as it does over territorial land, and such sovereignty extends to the seabed and subsoil as well as the air space above it.国家海洋局声明中国对自己的领海和领土拥有相同的主权，并且这种权利还延伸至领海的海床和海土以及领海上方的空气。
Also, China‟s permanent representative to the United Nations Li Baodong (中国常驻联合国代表李保东) met with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (潘基文) and file d a copy of the Chinese government‟s Diaoyu Islands baseline announcement with the United Nations.同时，中国常驻联合国代表李保东会见了联合国秘书长潘基文，并且提交了一份联合国与中国政府的钓鱼岛基线声明。
Releasing the geographic coordinates of the Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islets is an important step for China to exercise its administrative jurisdiction over the islands, according to Jia Yu, vice director of the China Institute for Marine Affairs attached to the SOA (贾宇，国家海洋局海洋发展战略研究所副所长).发布钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿的地理坐标是中国对该群岛行使行政管辖权的重要步骤，贾宇认为。
他是国家海洋局发展战略研究所副所长。
Since 2009, the SOA carried out a general survey of all Chinese islands, including the Diaoyu Islands, and announced their standard names and locations in March, 2012.从2009年以来，国家海洋局就着手对中国所有岛屿，包括钓鱼岛，进行一次普测，并准备于2012年3月公布它们标准名称和位置。
“The Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islets have been an inherent part of Chinese territory since ancient times and China has indisputable sovere ignty over them,” Jia said.“钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿自古以来就是中国领土的内在组成部分，中国对它拥有无可争辩的主权。