新概念英语第二册笔记Lesson51

Lesson 51 Reward for Virtue【New words and expressions】生词和短语（10）reward n. 报偿virtue n. 美德diet n. 节食forbid v. 禁止hurriedly adv. 匆忙地embarrass v. 使尴尬guiltily adv. 内疚地strict adj. 严格的reward v. 给奖赏occasionally adv. 偶尔地★reward n. 报偿；v. 给奖赏give sb. reward给……报偿reward sb. with sth.用……奖赏...reward sb. for sth.因为……给某人奖赏…reward him for the first prize★virtue n. 美德strongpoints n. 长处，merit n. 优点shortpoints n. 短处，weak points弱点★diet n. 节食go on a diet =be on a diet实行节食★forbid（forbade，forbidden）v.禁止forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事Forbidden City紫禁城(被禁止的城市)；Forbidden fruit禁果★embarrass v. 使尴尬sth. embarrass sb.……让……感到尴尬You embarrassed me.你让我感到尴尬embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬地；embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬embarrassment n. 尴尬To my embarrassment，…让我感到尴尬的是……★guiltily adv. 内疚地guiltily conscience问心有愧clear conscience问心无愧★strict adj. 严格的be strict with sb.对某人严格My father is strict with me.be strict in sth.对……严格★occasionally adv. 偶而地on the occasion偶尔，sometimes偶尔，at times偶尔off and on偶尔，now and again偶尔【Text】My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!参考译文我的朋友休一直很胖, 但是近来情况变得越发糟糕, 以致他决定节食. 他是一星期前开始节食的. 首先, 他开列了一张长长的单子, 上面列了所有禁吃的食物. 这张单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的: 黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果. 昨天我去看望了他. 我按响了门铃. 当看到休仍和往常一样胖时, 我并不感到惊奇. 他把我领进屋, 慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面. 显然他感到很尴尬. 当我问他正干什么时, 他内疚地笑了, 然后把那个大包拿到了桌上. 他解释说, 他的饮食控制得太严格了, 以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下. 接着他给我看了包里的东西. 里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果!【课文讲解】1、My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.things（要用复数形式）可以表示“情况，情形，状况，形势”等含义：You’re surely made things worse.How are things going on with you?get作不及物动词时可以表示“变得”：I got interested in French.diet用于表示治疗某种疾病或调节体重的“特种饮食”、“规定饮食”时通常与on连用：The doctor put him on a strict diet.医生让他严格控制饮食。

I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.2、First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.first of all首先, 首要(许多事情中首要的, 即最重要的)First of all I must see your passpart.at first首先（句型at first…, then…起先……然后……)write out写出，（正式）写，全部写出You should werite out a report.3、The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets. most of…大部分……includ和contain都有“包含”的意思，但contain可以用于表示所包含的全部事物；include 则只表示其中的一部分。

contain一定是容器里面装，include则含义更广，在这里不能用contain。

It included three bags of sweets. We’re including you in our team.4、Yesterday I paid him a visit.pay sb. a visit拜访某人Pay you a visit.pay a visit to sb./someplace拜访某人/某地.call up sb./at someplace拜访某人/某地have a visit＝visit5、I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.as…as ever像往常一样，照旧，依然as clean as ever；as quiet as everbe surprised to do sth. / be surprised at sth.6、He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.lead sb. into(进门)；show sb. out(出门)；see sb. off(送行)7、It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.obviously <adv.> ＝it was obvious that…(it 为形式主语)显然……一般过去时与一般过去时常用的两个词是once和recently，recently在表示“最近一段时期”时也可以与现在完成时连用。

一般过去时可以用于时间状语从句中，一般过去时可以用于与最近的打算比较时。

【Special difficulties】Raise and Rise.rais作动词时只能作及物动词，即它必须跟宾语。

它可以表示“举起，往上提，使……升高”等含义：Will those who agree with me please raise their hands?Why did they raise prices?Heavy rains have raised the level of the river this year.rise作动词时通常为不及物动词，表示“起立，起床，（日、月等）升起”等含义：You’re still in bed and the sun has already rise n!All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom.Lay and Lie.lay（laid，laid）vt. 置，搁，铺，准备I laid your clothes on the bed so you could put them away.If you can’t cook the dinner, you can at least lay the table.lie（lay，lain）vi. 躺，平卧Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed?Beat and Win.beat vt. 打败，战胜，胜过，超过They beat their enemy, though they were fewer in number.表示一个球队打败另一个球队也用beat。