金融学课件-公司财务导论university_of_saskatchewan10
公司财务学导论ppt课件

公司财务学导论
8
公司的资产负债表
营运资本净额决策
流动资产 营运 资本 净额
流动负债 长期负债
固定资产 1有形固定资产
公司需要多少短期 现金流量来支付其 账单
2 无形固定资产
所有这权益
公司财务学导论
9
资产负债表左右两边项目的内容及相互关系构成了公司 财务学的研究内容:
1.企业应该投资于什么样的长期资产?(资产负债表的左下方 )
(4)期权理论。
(5)资本结构理论。
公司财务学导论
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• 三、财务管理的重要性
财务管理在一个企业的经营管理中有着举足轻重的 位置,许多决策都直接影响到企业的生存和发展。
企业组织结构图
公司财务学导论
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董事会 执行总裁
营销副总裁
财务副总裁
生产副总裁
财务主管
会计主管
资本预算经理 现金经理 信用经理 税务经理 成本会计经理
管理内容。
公司财务学导论
10
•二、财务管理学的发展历史回顾
财务管理学作为独立的学科始于19世纪末20世纪初。 1897年,托马斯·格林纳(Thomos Greene)出版 了《公司理财》,1920年亚瑟·斯通(Arthor Stone) 出版了《公司财务策略》,财务管理学逐渐地从微 观经济学中分离出来,成为一门独立的学科。
公司财务学导论
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财务经理(CFO)
为了为公司创造价值,财务经理需做:
1. 制定精明的投资策略.
2. 制定精明的融资策略.
3.
例如股息分配政策的决定、重大投资计划
的通过和发行债券、股票的决定权等,财务总监
虽不直接做出这些重大决定,但要为最后的决策
第一章 公司理财导论 《公司理财》PPT课件

1.3 代理理论
1.3.1 委托—代理关系和代理问题
1.3 代理理论
2.代理问题
◦ 代理人和委托人之间存在着潜在的利益冲突, 从而产生了代理问题(agency problem)。
2.有限责任公司
定义
• 有限责任公司(简称有限公司)是由两个或者两个以上股东共同出资,每个股东以其 出资额为限对公司债务承担有限责任,公司以其全部资产对其债务承担责任的企业法 人。
基本特征
• (1)有限责任公司的设立程序比股份有限公司简单得多,公司亦无需向公众公开披露 信息。
• (2)有限责任公司不发行股票,由公司出具股权证明,作为股东对公司的权益凭证。 • (3)有限责任公司的股份不能自由买卖,在向股东以外的其他人转让公司的股份时,
1.1 公司和公司理财
企业
个人业主制 合伙制 公司制
1.1 公司和公司理财
1.个人业主制企业的定义和特征
定义 特征 优点 缺点
个人业主制企业是指由单个自然人出资兴办,完全归个人 所有和控制的企业。
企业规模较小,企业主对企业具有完全的决策权和经营权, 独自享受企业的经营利润,同时也独自承担经营风险。 开设、转让、关闭手续简单,费用低;所有权与经营权统 一,利益冲突少;企业主控制企业全部资产,获得全部利 润;不需要支付企业所得税,只需交纳个人所得税等。
第1章 公司理财导论
1.1 公司和公司理财
• 公司是公司理财(corporate finance)的行为主体,即本 课程的研究对象是公司(corporation/company)。
最新university_of_Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)8精品资料

Fall 2003
COMM 203
5
Fundamental Principle of Valuation
The value today of any financial asset equals the present value of all of its future cash flows.
Fall 2003
COMM 203
2
Features of Common Stock
• Dividends ➢ Not a liability until declared by the Board of Directors ➢ Unlike interest on debt, dividends are not tax deductible to the firm ➢ However, shareholder receipt of dividends does have preferential tax treatment (See Chapter 2)
Stock Valuation
Features of Common Stock
• Features of Common Stock ➢ The right to vote - including major events like takeovers ➢ The right to share proportionally in dividends paid ➢ The right to share proportionally in assets remaining after liabilities have been paid, in event of a liquidation ➢ The preemptive right
university of Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)10

Fall 2003
COMM 203
8
Example: Using Pro Formas for Project Evaluation (continued)
• Project Cash Flows
0 OCF Chg. NWC Cap. Sp. Total -10,000 -21,000 -31,000 $12,280 $12,280 $22,280 1 $12,280 2 $12,280 3 $12,280 10,000
Fall 2003
COMM 203
18
Example: Fairways Equipment and Operating Costs
Two golfing buddies are considering opening a new driving range, the “Fairways Driving Range” (motto: “We always treat you fairly at Fairways”). Because of the growing popularity of golf, they estimate the range will generate rentals of 20,000 buckets of balls at $3 a bucket the first year, and that rentals will grow by 750 buckets a year thereafter. The price will remain $3 per bucket. The required rate of return is 15%
12
A/R INV -A/P
NWC
Fall 2003
公司理财导论(ppt38页).pptx

© Lizzie., 2012
3
Fundamentals of
Corporate Finance
雷曼兄弟的故事
9th
Edition • 引子:2008年5月21日,纽约,时代华纳中 心。第13届艾拉.W.索恩投资研究会议大厅, 戴维.艾因霍恩走上台:“我的绿灯资本 (Greenlight Capital)正在做空雷曼。而且 我要公开的说,这是一只值得做空的股票, 我还将继续做空下去。”
Corporate Finance
9th Edition
Ross
..Westerfield Jordan
参考书籍
• Ross等,《公司理财》,机械工业出版社 • G. Hawawini,《经理人员财务管理——创造价值的过
程》,机械工业出版社 • R. C. Higgins, 《财务管理分析》,北京大学出版社 • D. R. 爱默瑞,《公司财务管理》(上、下),中国人
• 关键字:绿灯资本、戴维
Ross
..Westerfield Jordan
© Lizzie., 2012
4
Fundamentals of
Corporate Finance
绿灯资本 & 戴维
9th
Edition • 6年之前,同样的大会上,同样是绿灯资本, 同样是戴维,上台公开挑衅一个叫联合资本的 金融公司。第二天一开市,联合资本公司股价 暴跌20%。
Ross
..Westerfield Jordan
• 谁来回答这三个问题:财务经理!
6
Fundamentals of
Corporate Finance
临阵受命的CFO
9th
Edition • 艾琳.卡伦:“金领丽人”,税务律师出身, 没有做过一天会计和公司财务。与大部分华 尔街CFO不同,她较少依赖阅读各种财务数 据制定决策,而是靠与第一线的交易员沟通 获取财务信息。
公司金融-第一章-导论PPT课件

2000年1月,苹果董事会授予乔布斯价值 2亿$的股票期权,且一掷9000万为他购 买和维护一架Gulfstream V喷气式飞机。 董事会成员说:“这家伙拯救了公司”
➢ 企业组织形态和企业控制
公 司 金融
Corporate Finance
2021
1
授课内容
§1 课程简介与安排 §2 第一章:公司理财导论
2021
2
课程简介:公司金融
1、公司金融学的名称 规范名称: Corporate Finance 现有各种名称: 公司金融、财务管理、公司理财、理 财学、企业理财学、……
2021
3
课程简介:公司金融
公司具有以下三个主要优点: (1)永久存续性。公司不会因股东死亡或退出而影响
到公司的存在; (2)股份容易转让。公司股东权益具有比独资和合伙
企业更高的流动性; (3)有限责任。债权人对公司的求偿权仅限于股东的
投资额,所以股东承担的风险仅以出资额为限。 以上三个优点使公司比独资和合伙企业更容易在资
Current Liabilities
长期负债 Long-Term
Debt
固定资产 Fixed Assets
1有形 2 无形
公司应投资于 什么样的长期 资产? (资本预算)
2021
所有者权益 Shareholders’
Equity
17
企业资产负债表( Balance-Sheet )模式
资本结构( Capital Structure)决策
副总裁Vice President 财务总监Chief Financial Officer (CFO)
金融学课件-university_of_Saskatchewan公司财务导论7
Definition and Features of Bonds
•
• •
A bond is an IOU.
A bond represents a loan made by investors to the issuer. The issuer promises to: Make coupon payments until maturity Pay the face value at maturity
Municipal governments • Default
Fall 2003
COMM 203
3
Valuing a Bond: An Example
• If a bond has five years to maturity, an $80 annual coupon, and a $1000 face value, its cash flows would look like this:
• •
Coupon rate Current yield
Fall 2003
COMM 203
2
Definition and Features of Bonds
• Bond issuers
Federal government Private Corporations
Government agencies (in the US)
Fall 2003
Valuing a Bond: An Example (Cont’d)
• If the going rate on bonds like this one is 10%, then this bond has a market value of $924.18.
university of Saskatchewan公司财务导论(金融学)1
Fall 2003COMM 2032Why Study Finance?•Personal well-being¾Spend money smartly, e.g., mortgage, car loan¾Retirement planning¾Planning for your (or your kids) education¾Personal investment•Corporate business decisionsFall 2003COMM 2033ObjectivesWhat is Corporate Finance? Answer will be structuredaround the following questions:•What are the basic decisions of corporate finance?•Who is responsible for decisions concerning corporate finance?•How do corporate financial decisions depend on the legal form of the firm?•What is the economic environment in which(corporate) financial decisions have to be undertaken?•What does modern corporate finance see as an appropriate goal for the firm?Fall 2003COMM 2034What is Corporate Finance ?Corporate finance can be seen as a set of decisions made by a business that affects its finances. The following groups of decisions can be distinguished:•expenditure of funds (“Capital Budgeting ")•sources of funds (“Capital Structure ")•short-term cash flows ("Working Capital Management ")Capital BudgetingBasic Issue : Allocation of funds among alternativeinvestment opportunities.Question : Optimal allocation of funds? => Objective forcapital budgeting (“maximization of the market value of the firm's common stocks" or ???)Capital budgeting decisions are not independent of otherdecisions of the firm like:•Market analysis:¾Forecasts: Input costs, Sales.¾Macroeconomic trends: Interest rates, Exchangerates etc.•R & D decisions.Capital StructureMarket value of a firm corresponds to thevalue of two forms of securities: Bonds (loan agreements) and Stocks (share certificates).Fall 2003COMM 2037Difference: Stocks and BondsQuestion : What is the essential differencebetween stocks and bonds?•Both are contingent claims on the total valueof the firmwhere X: Total value of the firm, and F: Promised payoff (debt) to debtholders.Fall 2003COMM 2038Working Capital ManagementShort term finance: Management of short-term cashflows => Management of gaps of cash in-and outflows.What is managed isFall 2003COMM 2039Decision Makers in Corporate FinanceQuestion : Who is responsible for decisions concerning corporate finance ?The Financial Manager:•His/her objective: Create value:¾Buy assets that generate more cash than theycost¾sell financial instruments that raise more cashthan they cost•His/her position held: Vice president financeFall 2003COMM 20310Hypothetical Organization ChartCash Manager Credit Manager Capital Expenditures Financial PlanningTreasurer Tax Manager Cost AccountingManager Financial AccountingManagerData ProcessingManagerControllerVice President andChief Financial Officer (CFO)President and Chief Operations Officer (COO)Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (CEO)Board of Directors© 1999 McGraw-Hill Ryerson LimitedLegal Forms of CompaniesThere are three legal forms of businessorganization:•Sole Proprietorship •Partnership¾General Partnership ¾Limited Partnership•CorporationSole ProprietorshipFall 2003COMM 20313Partnership (*)General Partnership: all debts, Limited Partnership: equity contributionFall 2003COMM 20314Corporation•Important feature: Separation of Ownership and ControlFall 2003COMM 20315Separation of Ownership and ControlBoard of DirectorsManagementAssetsDebtEquityShareholdersDebtholders© 1999 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Fall 2003COMM 20316Environment of Corporate FinanceEconomic institutions and partners for financialdecisions of the firm .•Financial institutions : Banks, Investmentdealers, insurance companies, pension funds => Financial Intermediation•Money and Capital Markets : Short-term-debt securities (T-bills, bankers acceptance) vs. Long-term securities (long-term debt and shares of stocks)Cash Flows between the Firm andthe Financial MarketsT a x e sFirm Invests in assets (B)Current assets Fixed assetsCash flowfrom firm (C)Financial marketsShort-term debt Long-term debt Equity sharesGovernment(D)Firm issues securities (A)Retainedcash flows (E)Dividends and debt payments (F)© 1999 McGraw-Hill Ryerson LimitedObjective of the Firm•Neoclassical Economics: Profit maximization.¾Problems: Ignores time dimension and thereforeuncertainty of future cash flows•Neolithic Finance: Net Present (NPV) Value maximization.¾Problems: recognizes time dimension but notuncertainty.•“Modern" Finance: Efficient markets for diversification of risk exist.¾Investors will want the firm to make decisionswhich max. current value of its stock.Fall 2003COMM 20319Informational AsymmetriesQuestion:Is the picture of “Modern" corporatefinance too idealistic?•Are markets informationally efficient?¾Insider information ¾Market timing•How do informational asymmetries affect theseparation of ownership and control? ¾Agency ProblemsFall 2003COMM 20320Conflict: Stockholders vs. ManagersPrincipal-Agent Problem : How can shareholders(Principal) design a mechanism which gives managers (Agents) an incentive to work in their interest? =>Reduce agency costs.•Warrants and Stock Option Plans: Managers haveright to buy shares when share price increases ¾Does it work? (financial sense article )•Incentives for stockholders to play active role duringthe annual meeting to elect the board of directors and improve their information.•Take-over threats•Competition in the managerial labour market.Fall 2003COMM 20321Conflict: Stockholders vs. BondholdersSource : Different residual claims contingent upondefault. => Creditors dislike actions which increase leverage and therefore default probability.Tools :•Covenants (investment policy, dividend policy)•Protective Puts (Option to get principal backcontingent upon critical events)•Taking Equity Stakes and Warrant (Hedging ofdefault risk by convertible debt instruments.)。
第一章 公司金融导论 《公司金融》ppt课件
(5)利润概念模糊不清,容易被调整。
24
第三节 公司的经营目标
二、每股收益最大化 认为应当把企业的利润与股东投入的资本联系起来考
察,用每股收益来概括企业的经营目标,以避免“利 润最大化目标”的缺陷。 即:净利润 / 普通股股数 = 每股收益(每股净利润) 但是,这种观点仍然存在以下两方面的缺陷: 1.没有考虑每股收益取得的时间性,即没有考虑货
(一)激励 第一,管理激励,尤其是最高层的管理激励。管理激
励采用的方式是股权激励(或股票期权激励),即给 予管理人员股票奖励,这种激励方式将经理人的自身 利益与公司的总体财务业绩挂钩。公司经理人为了自 身利益,会努力经营公司,进而实现股东利益最大化。 第二,晋升激励。在公司表现好的经理人会被提升, 进而在经理人市场就能获得被聘任的机会,获取高工 资。晋升激励促使经理人努力工作。
币的时间价值。 2.没有考虑每股收益的风险性,即投资者承担的风
险。
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第三节 公司的经营目标
三、公司价值最大化 (一)公司价值的含义 公司价值,也称为企业价值,是指企业资产的价值。 两种基本的度量方法:一是会计度量上的账面价值,二
是金融度量上的市场价值。会计度量上的企业价值是资 产发生的历史成本减去折旧后的净价值。 而金融度量上的价值则是公司全部资产的市场价值,即 公司作为一种商品,在转让和出售时的价值,是公司资 产未来所创造的收入现金流量用资本成本贴现后的现值。 公司价值最大化是指公司市场价值的最大化。
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第三节 公司的经营目标
(四)公司价值最大化的本质
公司价值包括债务的市场价值和权益的市场价值。
就债务的市场价值来看,其决定因素有两个:一是债务 利息,二是债务资本成本。
金融学课件-university_of_Saskatchewan公司财务导论9
Fall 2003
COMM 203
4
An Example of Using NPV Rule (Cont’d)
0 Initial outlay ($1,100) 1 2 Revenues Expenses $2,000 1,000
Revenues Expenses
Cash flow
Байду номын сангаас
$1,000 500
COMM 203 3
• •
Fall 2003
An Example of Using NPV Rule
• Assume you have the following information on Project X: Initial outlay -$1,100 Required return = 10%
• NPV Rule: only invest in projects with positive NPV
Fall 2003 COMM 203 2
Rationale of the NPV Rule
• Firm’s assets can be viewed as a portfolio of projects
$500
Cash flow $1,000
– $1,100.00 $500 x +454.55 +826.45
1
1.10
$1,000 x
1
1.10 2
+$181.00 NPV
Fall 2003
COMM 203
5
Criteria for Good Investment Rules
All cash flows should be considered The time value of money should be applied Given two mutually exclusive projects the one which maximizes shareholder wealth should be chosen