英语动词变化规律发音及不规则动词表以及名词变复数
英语动词变化规律、发音及不规则动词表(附音标) 初中
英语不规则动词变化表1、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed ，如： work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted2、以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如： live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped3、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如： stop ---stopped5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。
过去式“-ed”的发音规则（1）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/ id /音，want →wanted （要）need →needed （需要）（2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/ t / 音。
help →helped （帮助）laugh →laughed （笑）look →looked （看）kiss →ki ssed （吻）wash →washed （洗）watch →watched （注视）（3）动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/ d /音。
call →called （叫）stay→stayed （停留）cry→cried （哭）英语不规则动词记忆表2.AAB动词原形过去式过去分词beat[bi:t]beat[bi:t]beaten['bi:tn]打败3.ABA4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。
（3）原形→ought→ought(4)原形→aught→aught（5）变其中一个元音字母（6）原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft(7)其它5.ABC（1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n（2）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
初中英语名词变复数,动词的单数第三人称形式、现在分词、过去分词,形容词、副词的比较级和最高级变化规律。
词尾变化规则总表：名复单三现形过词尾情况名(词)复（数) 单三现(分) 形(副等级) 过(式，分) 一般+s +s +ing +er, est +eds,x,sh,ch +es +es 同上同上同上e +s +s 哑e 去,+ing +r, st +d单元音+1个辅音ⅹⅹ双写词尾+ing 双写词尾+er, est 双写词尾+ed 辅+y y—i,+es y---i,+es ⅹy---i,+er(est) y---i,+edmore, most +…..名复单三不双写现分没有y变i 形过变化样样有词尾变化规则总表：名复单三现形过词尾情况名(词)复（数) 单三现(分) 形(副等级) 过(式，分)1、一般+scat month ticket KoreanAmerican Australian IndianRussian Canadian ItalianGerman JewEuropean human boymonkey day way keyphoto piano radio zookilo mango(少用)+sopenlistencleanplaystaysay+inggo study seeopen fix openlisten cleansneeze (打喷嚏)see+er, esthard quick cold clever new narrow sourround smart loud mean stupid wild dullquiet black warm sick bright cool nearweak bald young straight tall short longcalm deep cheap strong high slow darkgreat blind dumb deaf full poor real fewgray polite(少用) often(2)+edplay help open stay fix cleanlisten finish borrow join returnpour perform rain work checkwait pick laugh mix end fear callhappen fail fold answer returnlook talk plant annoy knockreview hang(绞死)2、 e e +s e +shopecome哑e 去,+inglive come writetake havee +r, stfine free close nice able white blondesore true large safe handsome lame truesure cute(2种)e +dskate love like dance changepractice close die live receiveretire advice argue hate smileexchange smoke agree lie (说谎)sneeze打喷嚏3、单元音+ 1个辅音名复单三不双写双写词尾+ingsit begin shoprun forget planhit put set clapstar主演hiccup打嗝双写词尾+er, estred big hot thin fat sad slim flat mad双写词尾+edstop plan fit drop shop chat（聊天）trip（绊倒）kid （欺骗）star 主演hiccup打嗝4、辅+y,y—i y—i,+escity factory country babyfamily library dictionaryy---i,+escarrystudy现分没有y变i y---i,+er(est)easy happy healthy early busy ugly curlyfunny scary pretty angry cloudy sunnyrainy windy lovely friendly unfriendlyunhappy unlucky furry tiny guilty greedyheavy moody lively thirsty lazy hungrysorry empty crazy silly pushy luckyshy(2种)y---i,+edstudy cry marry carry worry5、s,x,sh,ch,o+esglass box watch dishwish busnegro hero potatotomato mango+escatchwatchfixbrushgo do名词变复数不规则变化f,fe---v+es thief—thieves （小偷）self—selves（自己）leaf—leaves(叶子) life---lives （命）half---halves；（一半）wife---wives （妻子）shelf—shelves（架）knife---knives（刀）wolf—wolves（狼）roof—roofs（屋顶）chef—chefs(厨师) scarf—scarfs,scarves( 围巾) 词形不变Chinese Japanese sheep deer Swiss 中日羊鹿瑞士人变成e man---men Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen foot---feet tooth---teeth只有复数clothes pants trousers shorts scissors (剪刀)compasses (圆规) glasses(眼镜)形复实单news maths politics physics形单实复cattle people police 谓语用复数特殊变化child---children mouse--mice合成名词只变一词boy student---boy students night school---night schools pencil sharpener-- sharpeners 两词都变woman doctor---women doctors man singer---men singers动词的现在分词形式不规则变化词尾情况规则例词ie ie----y,+ing die tie lie 形容词、副词的比较级、最高级形式不规则变化不规则变化多数多音节词more,most+原级useful famous quickly beautiful creative serious outgoing amazing awful exciting excited interested famous intelligentexpensive inexpensive tired honest wonderful interesting fantastic sadly beautifully delicious slowly open difficult carefullybeautifully deeply careless active athletic original foolish wrong right casual casually nervous unusual usual modest naturalpleased realistic popular loving inexpensive comfortable convenient crowded truly exhausted embarrassed convincing carelesscareful carefully enormous completely particularly quickly quietly aggressive specifically disappointed disgusted successfulsuitable educational gradually unpleasant pleasant polite(2种) common(2种)原级比较级最高级词义good/well better bestbad/ill worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther farthest 距离further furthest 程度late later latest 时间latter last 顺序old older oldest 年龄关系elder eldest 兄弟姐妹关系GO FOR IT PT PPmeaning root form pt pp meaning root form pt pp让允许let let let 喂feed fed fed阅读read read read 遇见meet met met放置put put put 感觉feel felt felt花费cost cost cost 嗅，发出smell smelt smelt打hit hit hit 拼写spell spelt spelt砍切割cut cut cut 损坏，宠坏spoil spoilt spoilt伤害弄伤hurt hurt hurt 发现，找到 find found found撒抛投cast cast cast 举着，握着hold held held关闭 shut shut shut 听见hear heard heard沉入安置set set set 有，吃have/has had had传播展开spread spread spread 丢失，失去lose lost lost使阴暗overcast overcast overcast 离开，留下leave left left广播broadcast broadcast broadcast 制造，使得make made made预测forecast forecast forecast 射击射伤shoot shot shot爆炸burst burst burst 照耀发光shine shone shone捕捉赶上catch caught caught 坐sit sat sat教书教学teach taught taught 临时照顾babysit babysat babysat 想认为think thought thought 吐，吐唾液spit spat spat买buy bought bought 打赢，获胜win won won搜寻追求seek sought sought 出血bleed bled bled打架打仗fight fought fought 逃跑flee fled fled带来bring brought brought 改建rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 扫sweep swept swept 睡过头oversleep overslept overslept 哭泣流泪weep wept wept 挖dig dug dug保持keep kept kept 撒谎lie lied lied睡觉sleep slept slept 放置下蛋lay laid laid梦到，做梦dream dreamt dreamt 躺lie lay lain学习，学会learn learnt learnt 敲打，振翅beat beat beaten 燃烧burn burnt burnt 编织weave wove woven 建设build built built 上升，升起rise rose risen弯曲,弯腰bend bent bent 发生，呈现arise arose arisen花费,度过spend spent spent 驱使驱赶drive drove driven 发送,派遣send sent sent 拿走，带走take took taken付钱pay paid paid 误认为mistake mistook mistaken 说say said said 摇动挥动shake shook shaken 站立stand stood stood 刮风，吹blow blew blown明白understand understood understood 生长，种植grow grew grown 误解misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood 知道，了解know knew known 卖sell sold sold 画，拖，拉draw drew drawn给give gave given 投掷抛throw threw thrown 原谅forgive forgave forgiven 飞行fly flew flown告诉tell told told 展示show showed shown 处置，对付deal dealt dealt 看见，看望see saw seen7下不规则动词的过去式汉语1 A-A 必让放读花打砍伤2 –ew 画长知扔示飞3-ought 想来买4-aught 教抓5 –o- 断忘说动词原形1 A--Amustletputreadcosthitcuthurt2 –ewdrawgrowknowthrowshowfly3 –oughtthinkbringbuy4 –-aughtteachcatch5 -o--breakforgetspeak过去式1 A—Amustletputread[♏]costhitcuthurt2 –ew[◆:]drewgrewknewthrewshowedflew3 –ought[ :]thoughtbroughtbought4-aught[[ :]taughtcaught5 –o—[☯☺]brokeforgotspoke写拿卖诉弄骑开站懂6 –e—留见意睡离握扫感落喂7 –-a--始喝跑唱游给坐writetakeselltellgetridedrivestandunderstand6–e—keepmeetmeansleepleaveholdsweepfeelfallfeed7 –-a--begindrinkrunsingswimgivesitwrotetooksoldtoldgotrodedrovestoodunderstood6 –e—[♏]keptmetmeantsleptleftheldsweptfeltfellfed7 –-a--[✌]begandrankransangswamgave[♏✋]sat8 be动词是是是9 助动词可能将将做做10----t花建丢11其他来去生有有看听说吃找花躺8 be动词amisare9 助动词maycanwillshalldodoes10----tspendbuildlose11其他comegobearhavehasseehearsayeatfindpaylie8 be动词waswaswere9 助动词mightcouldwouldshoulddiddid10----tspentbuiltlost[ ]11其他camewentbore [ :]hadhadsawheardsaidatefound[ ☺]paidlay GO FOR IT PT PP （八下常用）meaning root form pt pp meaning root form pt pp让允许let let let 到达get got got阅读read read read 绞死hang hanged hanged 放置put put put 悬挂hang hung hung 花费cost cost cost 照亮light lit lit打hit hit hit 撒谎lie lied lied砍切割cut cut cut 躺lie lay lain伤害弄伤hurt hurt hurt 下蛋lay laid laid沉入安置set set set 敲打beat beat beaten 关闭 shut shut shut 来come came come 抓catch caught caught 成为become became become 教teach taught taught 跑run ran run认为think thought thought 给give gave given 买buy bought bought 驾驶drive drove driven 打架fight fought fought 拿走take took taken规则与不规则的动词过去式、过去分词（八下常用）leave lie(说谎) like make lie mistake sit lay shake become beat berun come let give swim read hurt put love set blow cost shut drive hit grow take cut know catch fall think teach eat buy die get。
英语不规则动词及不规则名词复数表
said
said
说
序号
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
中文意思
83
see
saw
seen
看
84
seek
sought
sought
寻觅
85
sell
sold
sold
卖
86
send
sent
sent
送 / 寄
87
set
set
set
安置
88
sew
sewed
sewn / sewed
缝合
89
shake
shook
shaken
kept
保持
54
know
knew
known
知道
55
lay
laid
laid
放置
56
lead
led
led
引导
57
learn
learnt / learned
learnt / learned
学习
58
leave
left
left
离开
59
lend
lent
lent
借贷
60
let
let
let
让
61
lie
lay
lain
意思
62
send
sent
sent
送,寄
63
spend
spent
spent
花费
64
deal
dealt
dealt
处理
6.辅音字母和元音字母都变
序号
原形
英语动词变化规律、发音及不规则动词表(附音标).doc
英语不规则动词变化表1、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted2、以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d ，如：live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped3 、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：study---studied copy---copied cry---criedcarry---carried4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed ，如：stop ---stopped5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。
过去式“ - ed”的发音规则（ 1）动词词尾为“ t ，d”时，发/ id / 音，want →wanted （要） need →needed （需要）（ 2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发 / t / 音。
help →helped （帮助） laugh →laughed （笑） look →looked （看）kiss →ki ssed （吻） wash →washed （洗）watch →watched （注视）（ 3）动词词尾为 t ，d 以外之浊辅音或元音时，发 / d / 音。
call →called （叫） stay →stayed （停留） cry →cried （哭）英语不规则动词记忆表动词原形过去式过去分词cost [k ? st] cost [k ? st] cost [k ? st] 花费cut [k ? t] cut [k ? t] cut [k ? t] 割，切hurt [h ? :t] hurt [h ? :t] hurt [h ? :t] 受伤hit [hit] hit [hit] hit [hit] 打，撞let[let] let[let] let[let] 让put[put] put[put] put[put] 放下read[ri:d] read[ri:d] read[ri:d] 读set [set] set [set] set [set] 安排，安置spread [spred] spread [spred] spread [spred] 展开，传播，涂spit [spit] spit/spat [spit] spit/spat [spit] 吐痰 ,shut [ ? ? t] shut [ ? ? t] shut [ ? ? t] 关上 , 闭起 , 停止营业动词原形过去式过去分词beat [bi:t]beat [bi:t] beaten ['bi:tn]打败动词原形过去式过去分词become[bi'k ? m] became[bi'keim]become[bi'k ? m]变come[k ? m]came[keim]come[k? m]来run[r ? n]ran[r ? n]run[r ? n]跑（ 1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t 或 ed 构成过去式或过去分词。
英语中词的规则和不规则变化
（2）不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
Good/well
better
best
Bad/badly
worse
worst
Many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther
farthest
further
furthest
get--getting,sit--sitting, run--running, put--putting
5、动词过去式规则变化
类别
构成方法
例词
读音规则
一般情况
加-ed
Look--looked
Play--played
清辅音后读作/t/;
浊辅音和元音后读/d/;
/t/和/d/后面读/id/
以e结尾的动词
加-d
live--lived, use--used hope--hoped
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed
Stop--stopped
Plan--planned
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词
变y为i，再加-ed
Study--studied
Carry--carried
6、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est
Big
Thin
Fat
Bigger
Thinner
Fatter
Biggest
Thinnest
Fattest
以‘辅音字母+y’结尾的双音节词，先把y改为i，再加-er或-est
英语不规则动词及不规则名词复数表
英语常见不规则动词及不规则名词复数变化表List1：英语不规则动词表一（按字母顺序统计） (2)List2：英语不规则动词表二（按变化规律统计） (6)List3：常用不规则名词复数变化表 (10)英语不规则动词表一（按字母顺序统计）序号动词原形过去式过去分词中文意思1 arise arose arisen 出现2 awake awoke awaked / awoken 醒来3 baby-sit baby-sat baby-sat 临时照顾4 be(am / is / are) was / were been 是5 beat beat beaten 击打6 become became become 变成7 begin began begun 开始8 bend bent bent 使弯曲9 bet bet bet 赌10 bite bit bitten / bit 咬11 blow blew blown 吹12 break broke broken 打破13 bring brought brought 拿来14 build built built 建造15 burn burnt / burned burnt / burned 燃烧16 buy bought bought 买17 can could ×能18 cast cast cast 抛19 catch caught caught 捕捉20 choose chose chosen 选择21 come came come 来22 cost cost cost 花费23 cut cut cut 割24 deal dealt dealt 分配25 dig dug dug 挖26 do / does did done 做27 draw drew drawn 画，拉，拖28 dream dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt 做梦29 drink drank drunk 喝30 drive drove driven 驾驶31 eat ate eaten 吃32 fall fell fallen 掉落33 feed fed fed 喂34 feel felt felt 触摸35 fight fought fought 作战36 find found found 找出37 fly flew flown 飞38 forbid forbade / forbad forbidden 禁止39 forget forgot forgot / forgotten 忘记40 forgive forgave forgiven 原谅41 freeze froze frozen 结冰42 get got got 得到43 give gave given 给44 go went gone 去45 grow grew grown 成长46 hang hung / hanged hung / hanged 挂 / 绞死47 have / has had had 有48 hear heard heard 听到49 hide hid hidden / hid 隐藏50 hit hit hit 打51 hold held held 拿住52 hurt hurt hurt 受伤53 keep kept kept 保持54 know knew known 知道55 lay laid laid 放置56 lead led led 引导57 learn learnt / learned learnt / learned 学习58 leave left left 离开59 lend lent lent 借贷60 let let let 让61 lie lay lain 躺62 light lit / lighted lit / lighted 点着63 lose lost lost 遗失64 make made made 制作65 may might ×可以66 mean meant meant 表…意思67 meet met met 遇到68 mistake mistook mistaken 误认69 misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood 误会70 pay paid paid 支付71 prove proved proved / proven 证明72 put put put 放置73 quit quit / quitte quit / quitted 放弃74 read read read 读75 rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 改建76 retell retold retold 复述77 rid rid / ridded rid / ridded 免除78 ride rode ridden 骑79 rise rose risen 上升80 run ran run 跑81 saw sawed sawed / sawn 锯82 say said said 说83 see saw seen 看84 seek sought sought 寻觅85 sell sold sold 卖86 send sent sent 送 / 寄87 set set set 安置88 sew sewed sewn / sewed 缝合89 shake shook shaken 摇90 shall should ×将91 shine shone shone 发光92 擦亮shined shined93 shoot shot shot 放（炮）94 show showed showed / shown 显露95 sing sang sung 唱歌96 sink sank / sunk sunk / sunken 下沉97 sit sat sat 坐98 sleep slept slept 睡99 smell smelt smelt 发出气味100 sow sowed sown / sowed 种植101 speak spoke spoken 说102 spell spelt / spelled spelt / spelled 拼写103 spend spent spent 花费104 spit spat / spit spat / spit 吐出105 spring sprang / sprung sprung 跳跃106 stand stood stood 站立107 steal stole stolen 偷108 sweep swept swept 打扫109 swim swam swum 游泳110 take took taken 拿111 teach taught taught 教112 tear tore torn 撕裂113 tell told told 告诉114 think thought thought 思考115 throw threw thrown 投 / 扔116 understand understood understood 了解117 wake woke / waked waked / woken 醒着118 wear wore worn 穿着119 wet wet / wetted wet / wetted 淋湿120 will would ×将121 win won won 获胜122 write wrote written 书写英语不规则动词表二（按变化规律统计）一、AAA型（原形→原形→原形）序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思1 read read read 读2 cut cut cut 切，割3 let let let 让4 put put put 放5 cost cost cost 花费，值6 hit hit hit 撞，击7 set set set 安排，安置8 hurt hurt hurt 使…伤痛二、ABA型（原形→过去式→原形）序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思9 become became become 成为10 come came come 来11 run ran run 跑三、ABC型1. ow →ew →own序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思12 blow blew blown 吹13 draw drew drawn 画14 grow grew grown 生长15 know knew known 知道16 fly flew flown 飞17 begin began begun 开始18 drink drank drunk 喝19 sing sang sung 唱20 swim swam swum 游泳21 ring rang rung 打电话3. 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思22 wear wore worn 穿23 forget forgot forgotten 忘记24 speak spoke spoken 说25 freeze froze frozen 冻26 choose chose chosen 选择4. 原形→过去式→原形+(e)n序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思27 eat ate eaten 吃28 forbid forbade forbidden 禁止29 give gave given 给30 ride rode ridden 骑31 see saw seen 看见32 write wrote written 写33 fall fell fallen 落下序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思34 am/is was been 是35 are were been 是36 do did done 做37 go went gone 走38 take took taken 拿四、ABB型1. 原形→ought →ought序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思39 bring brought brought 带来40 buy bought bought 买41 fight fought fought 打架42 think thought thought 思考2. 原形→aught →aught序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思43 catch caught caught 捉,抓44 teach taught taught 教序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思45 feed fed fed 喂46 meet met met 遇见47 get got got 得到48 hold held held 拥有49 babysit babysat babysat 临时照看50 sit sat sat 坐51 win won won 赢52 find found found 发现序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思53 feel felt felt 感到54 keep kept kept 保持55 leave left left 离开56 sleep slept slept 睡57 sweep swept swept 扫序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思58 build built built 建造59 hear heard heard 听见60 make made made 制造61 mean meant meant 意思62 send sent sent 送,寄63 spend spent spent 花费64 deal dealt dealt 处理序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思65 have had had 有,吃66 lay lain lain 放67 lose lost lost 丢失68 pay paid paid 付钱69 say said said 说70 sell sold sold 卖71 tell told told 告诉72 stand stood stood 站五、AAB型序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思73 beat beat beaten 打败六、有两种形式序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思74 bear bore born 生bore borne 钻孔75 hang hanged hanged 吊死hung hung 挂76 learn learned learned 学learnt learnt 学会; 得知; 学习77 lie lied lied 说谎lay lain 躺78 show showed showed 给…看showed shown 表现出; 给…看79 spell spelled spelled 拼写spelt spelt 拼写，拼读80 burn burned burned 烧burnt burnt 烧毁; 烧坏81 smell smelled smelled 闻smelt smelt 闻到; 嗅，闻82 shine shined shined 照耀shone shone 照耀; 发光83 dream dreamed dreamed 做梦dreamt dreamt 做梦，向往84 wake waked waked 醒woke woken 唤醒; 醒85 hide hid hid 躲藏hid hidden 隐藏七、情态动词序号原形过去式过去分词中文意思86 can could ∕能87 may might ∕也许88 must ∕∕必须89 shall should ∕将要90 will would ∕会常用不规则名词复数变化表序号单数复数含义1 businessman businessmen 商人2 chairman chairmen 主持人；主席3 Englishman Englishmen 英国人4 deer deer 鹿5 Chinese Chinese 中国人6 Japanese Japanese 日本人7 Swiss Swiss 瑞士人8 fish fish/fishes 鱼9 sheep sheep 绵羊10 child children 孩子11 foot feet 脚12 tooth teeth 牙齿13 mouse mice 老鼠备注people（人）, police（警察）, glasses（眼镜）, clothes（衣服）, trousers（裤子）, pants（短裤）等名词本身就是复数。
名词、动词的各种形式与读音
名词的复数形式、动词的现在分词形式、动词的第三人称单数形式、动词过去式名词的复数形式（指可数名词复数形式）：名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
不可数名词顾名思义无复数形式，如：water、milk、juice、tea、bread、air等等。
一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
11个清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /θ/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/,带下划线的读[s]例：cup→cups cat→cats book→books roof→roofs math→mathsfriend→friends boy→boys二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
读音变化：统一加读[iz]。
例：bus→buses; quiz（课堂测验，恶作剧）→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash（闪现）→flashes brush→brushes三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。
读音变化：加读[z]。
例：story→stories; factory→factories story→storiesfairy（精灵，仙女）→fairies; lady（女士）→ladies;四、以-o结尾的名词，“两人两物”加-es，其余加s（外来词或缩写）。
读音变化：加读[z]。
例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; Negro→Negroes;hero→heroes;bingo（宾戈游戏）→bingoes反例：piano→pianos（外来词）; pho to→photos;radio→radios收音机五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。
读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。
小学英语动词过去式、第三人称单数和名词复数
英语不规则动词过去式1、A---A型2、 A---B型3、其他动词第三人称单数一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。
如：①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]study－studies [z]; worry－worries3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz] 如：teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]4、以辅音+“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] 如：go－goes [z] do－does [z]下面几个动词发音发生了变化，如：1、do [du:]－does [dz]2、say [sei]－says [sez]二、变“y”为“i”现象：①baby－babies②carry－carries英语名词复数变化及发音规则1、一般在词尾加－s.一般来说，s在元音或浊辅音后读[z]，在清辅音后面读成[s]，在[t]后与[t]在一起读成[ts]，在[d]后与[d]一起读成[dz]。
Cups杯子 hands手 hats帽子2、以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词在词尾加－es，读[iz]Classes班级 buses公共汽车 boxes盒子3、以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词，加－s，读作[z]；以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，变y为i，再加－es，读[iz]。
boy-boys男孩 army-armies军队 story-stories 故事 factory-factories工厂 baby-babies宝贝4、以o结尾的词，多数加－s，读[z]。
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一、可数名词都有单数和复数之分。
A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则：
1.一般情况加s ：book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls
2.以s 、sh 、ch 、x结尾的加es ：class--- classes box----boxes match----matches
3.辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为i加es：city---cities country----countries party----parties factory----factories
4.以o 结尾的词+es的只有以下词：heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros以o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos)
5.以f，fe 结尾的变f或fe为v +es ：
thief wife life knife wolf half leaf shelf
（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;
如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。
2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es;
如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es;
如：study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等。
4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，
如：He has an interesting book .
5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is
（四）动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法：
1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing 。
read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting
2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing。
live-living, write-writing，make-making,take-taking
3、以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个字母再加-ing 。
sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,put-putting
4、少数几个以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-ing。
die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying
动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律
1、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed ，如： work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted
2、以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如： live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped
3、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如： stop ---stopped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。
过去式“-ed”的发音规则（1）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/ id /音，want →wanted （要）need →needed （需要）（2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/ t / 音。
help →helped （帮助）laugh →laughed （笑）look →looked （看）kiss →kissed （吻）wash →washed （洗）watch →watched （注视）（3）动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/ d /音。
call →called （叫）stay→stayed （停留）cry→cried （哭）
英语不规则动词记忆表
1.AAA
2.AAB
动词原形过去式过去分词beat[bi:t]beat[bi:t]beaten['bi:tn]打败
3.ABA
4.ABB
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。
（3）原形→ought→ought
(4)原形→aught→aught
（5）变其中一个元音字母
（6）原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft
(7)其它
5.ABC（1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n
（2）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
[i→a→u]
（4）其它。