高级商务英语 书后翻译答案

Unit 1（讲/作业）In the wake of the international financial crisis and based on our experience in dealing with the crisis, we have become more acutely aware of one thing. In an era of deepening economic globalization, if we want to ensure sustained global economic growth and effectively tackle the risks and challenges faced by the world economy, all countries and regions must strengthen exchanges and cooperation and work together to address the underlying, structural issues in economic development. The 17th APE C Economic Leaders‘ Meeting in 2009 reached consensus on inclusive growth, and highlighted the importance of seizing the opportunities brought by economic globalization to better meet the challenges of economic globalization and create job opportunities for the benefit of our people. To realize inclusive growth, to resolve the social issues emerging from economic development and to lay a solid social foundation for trade promotion, investment facilitation and long-term economic development are all major topics that we, the APEC member economies, need to work together.Unit 2The recession of 2008-09 has been accompanied by bold claims about businesses‘ economic importance. As carmakers teetered many people put it about that one in ten American jobs depended on the industry. The figure turned out to include taxi drivers. Similarly adventurous claims have been made for telecoms and road-building. As a single-handed creator of jobs and wealth, though, few can match the writer Joanne Rowling. It is not great literature. The first three books make for pleasant and occasionally gripping beach reading. From the fourth installment the series begins to sprawl. It also makes unconvincing forays into teenage psychology. Yet even at their clumsiest the books are well-plotted and full of invention. They also avoid the temptation to sneak ideology into children‘s heads by wrapping it in fantasy. Although the Harry Potter series endorses traits such as bravery and loyalty, it is intended above all to entertain.Unit 3(讲/作业)For the past two decades or more, urbanization in China has come relatively easily. As the country proudly claims, slums and shantytowns are rare compared with other developing countries. But ensuring a continuing net inflow of migrants into the cities as the youngest cohort shrinks will mean giving workers from the countryside more 14 incentives to stay permanently (such as affordable housing and schooling). More money is being spent on these, but not yet enough. Cities say they welcome migrants, but some find roundabout ways of keeping them from settling. Beijing recently launched a set of extraordinary measures to tame property prices and ease traffic congestion that included all but banning migrants (one-third of the city‘s population) from buyin g homes or cars. In the name of improving safety, it has started closing down basement dwellings where migrants often live.Unit 4(讲/作业)My passion has been to build an enduring company where people were motivated to make great products. Everything else was secondary. Sure, it was great to make a profit, because that was what allowed you to make great products. But the products, not the profits, were the motivation. Sculley flipped these priorities to where the goal was to make money. It’s a subtle difference, but it ends up meaning everything: the people you hire, who get promoted what you discuss in meetings.Some people say, ―Give the customers what they want. But that’s not my approach. Our job is to figure out what they‘re going to want before they do. Henry Ford once said, ―If I’d asked customers what they wanted, they would have told me, A faster horse! People don’t know what they want until you show it to them. That’s why I never rely on market research. Our task is to read things that are not yet on the page.U5(讲)No doubt the history of innovation is filled with elites. But look closer and you find that ordinary people have always silently played a role. Countless small efforts made by individuals, from all the rungs on the social ladder contributed to the astonishing advances that we enjoy in today‘s post-modern, post-industrial societies. Imagine how much better firms and countries could innovate if they could amass the distributed innovators-in-waiting. Technology and the pursuit of improvement are ultimate expressions of freedom; of the capacity of humans to reject the limitations of their past, to transcend the boundaries of their capacities and their social traditions. In an age of mass innovation the world may even find profitable ways to deliver solutions to the 21st century‘s greatest needs, including sustainabl e clean energy, affordable and universal healthcare for aging populations. The one natural resource that the world has left in infinite quantity is human ingenuity.U6Frivolous litigation is bankrupting our society. Juries increasingly have kept raising the ceiling for punitive damage settlements. Each shocking new multi billion-dollar settlement is just a new benchmark for the next big suit and the people of America are paying the bill. Health insurance never seemed like a bargain but litigation has increased their cost beyond the ability for many to pay for them.. Employers nationwide are also feeling the pinch. We can thank gratuitous litigation inflicted upon the medical field for these increased costs to us. Doctors are refraining from high-risk specialties. Many who would have gone into the medical field had second thoughts and have re-directed their goals. A sharp person can do anything, so why pursue a career fraught with the threat of financially ruinous frivolous litigation? There was a time that we were outraged about the price Americans paid for prescription drugs, until we knew the reason. It's because Americans are the ones that sue the drug companies. The price of this litigation has to be paid by someone, and it may as well be paid by the litigious society. Soon the pharmaceutical companies will figure out that it is better to just sell the tried drugs developed in the past as the risk of litigation removes the incentive for inventing new ones. The upside is drugs would become cheaper; the bad news is we would be stuck with only the drugs we now have.U7In many mass markets, companies are facing a predicament. On the one hand, customers are demanding that their orders be fulfilled even more quickly. On the other hand, they are demanding highly customized products and services. Most companies have found it difficult to fulfill their orders swiftly and at an acceptable cost. Companies must rethink and integrate the designs of their products, the processes used to make and deliver those products, and the configuration of their entire supply network. By adopting such a comprehensive approach, they can operate at maximum efficiency and quickly meet customers' orders with a minimum amount of inventory. Threeprinciples together form the basic building blocks of an effective mass-customization program. First, a product should be designed so it consists of independent modules that can be assembled into different forms of the product easily and inexpensively. Second, manufacturing processes should be designed so that they, too, consist of independent modules that can be moved or rearranged easily. Third, the supply network should be designed to supply the basic product to the facilities performing the customization in a cost-effective manner. It should have the flexibility and the responsiveness to take orders and deliver the finished, customized goods quickly.U8(讲/作业)Toyota‘s infamous quality problems are a case study in how not to lead in crisis. Under the media spotlight, Toyota CEO Akio Toyoda went into hiding and let serious product quality issues go out of control by understating safety risks and product problems. This left the media, politicians, and consumers to dictate the conversation, while Toyota fumbled the responses. Disingenuous apolo gies and disjointed plans for resolution have been Toyota‘s substitute for crisis response. As accounts pour in about declining quality, the company sends unknown mid-level managers to quell the firestorm. It won‘t work. ―You live by the sword; you die by the sword.‖Toyota‘s best weapon has always been quality, a competitive advantage that prompted many Americans to stop buying GM and Ford brands. Toyota can only regain its footing by transforming itself from top to bottom to deliver the highest quality automobiles.U9(讲/作业)Modern search engines are tremendously powerful and easy-to-use instruments which are used to find any needed information. The search process didn‘t always take a fraction of a second and search engin e algorithms didn‘t always allow to find exactly what is relevant to your request. The first search engine Archie was oriented on the creation of the base which included names of the files placed on the public File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers. It was massive and not handy, and also it needed much network resources. From that time Google and Yahoo and also other search engines—Live Search, Yandex, Rambler which appeared later, have been significantly improved, became smarter and handy. They are daily used by billions of people! Today we have no need to visit libraries if we need to get some information or even to use encyclopedias we have at home.U10(讲/作业)Climbing the hierarchy used to be a reward for loyalty. But in the 1980s, as firms stripped out layers of management, promotions became fewer and farther between. To get ahead, executives started moving from company to company. A 2009 survey by career network ExecuNet found that executives now stay with an organization for only 3.3 years, on average, before moving on. Researches also show that the NO.1 solid reason people look for a new job is getting away from a ―bad boss (or ―bad management), especially direct managers who are seen as blocking career advancement and job achievements. Those bosses who do not listen, delegate assignments and provide feedback increase their employees‘ dissatisfaction start thinking—―give me a chance to advance, learn, grow and notice me when I do that‖.U11(讲)At last the panic of the spring, when Greece was on the edge of default, has receded a bit. Themost vulnerable euro-zone members, Greece and Ireland still pay more for their money, but austerity measures are in place. This week the huge euro-zone bail-out fund won a much-coveted AAA rating.Europe‘s single currency has by no means been a disaster. It has met its main goal of price stability. Had it not existed, the European Union would in the past two years have been convulsed by a more extreme version of the currency instability that rocked it in the early 1990s. The single market would have been under serious threat. In the currency markets the euro is less disliked than the dollar. Yet it is clear from the troubles of Greece, Ireland and others that changes must be made if the euro is to survive in the long run.U12Christoph Westphal offered some key lessons in how to build a successful biotech company during a thoroughly engaging keynote at Bio-IT World Conference & Expo last week.Westphal raised $100 million in 2006, and made it look easy. ―If you don‘t want to invest in us, we‘ll see who is going to live longer!‖he would tell potential backers, typically overweight men in their fifties. The biggest single investor was John Henry, the co-owner of the Boston Red Sox, who emailed Westphal asking if he could help. After Westphal suggested a number, Henry replied: ―I can‘t do $50 million, but I can do $20 million.‖Westphal replied: ―Deal.‖。