2020届二轮复习 专题三 阅读理解第一讲 细节理解题 课件
[典例4] (2019·江苏卷，阅读C) In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the
recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”.As a result，in the last twenty years or so，many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital，labour and goods, with poor results.
2.语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言进行简化，设置为答案。 3.正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
二、干扰选项的特征 1.张冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。 2.无中生有。符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 3.曲解文意。与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。 4.颠倒是非。在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。 5案
第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词，锁定原文相关信息； 第二步：定位题干关键词的转换形式； 第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案。 正确选项特征： (1)用同义或近义词复现。 (2)同根词或原词复现。 (3)语言简化。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，并设置为答案。 (4)反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。
59.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A.Playing classical music.
B.Introducing lemon scent.
C.Making the light brighter.
ing plates of larger size.
61.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to ________. A.a lack of confidence in technology B.a slow progress in technology C.a conflict of public opinions D.a waste of limited resources 答案 D [间接信息题。根据第二段中的“However，they have real impacts，as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.”可知，这些误判有真正的影响，因 为它们会导致稀缺资源的错误使用，故选D项。]
间接信息题 [典例3] (2019·江苏卷，阅读C)
Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?
设题方式仍以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，符合考试大纲要求，细节理解题 的比重有所加大。总体来说，语篇的难易度呈现层次性，区分度较高，高分难得， 有利于高考选拔。
【能力要求】
【图解题型】
阅读理解解题四步法 第一步：扫描题干，画关键定位词，区分题型和预测文章主要内容 第二步：通读全文，抓住中心 1.通读全文，抓两个重点： (1)段中心句。核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题。 (2)其他各段的段首和段尾句。其他部分略读，有重点地读。
63.What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations? A.Neglecting the impacts of technological advances. B.Believing that the world has become borderless. C.Ignoring the power of economic development. D.Over-emphasizing the role of international communication. 答案 B [间接信息题。根据文中的“Believing in such a world...with poor results.” 可知，正是因为相信有这样一个世界，所以许多政府终止了一些非常有必要的规 定。believing in such a world 即上文提到的“now we live in a ‘borderless world’”，即相信世界已经变得无国界，故选B。]
more.”可知，要想让顾客在餐馆多停留、多消费，餐馆可以播放古典音乐，故A
项符合题意。]
[典例2] (2019·江苏卷，阅读A) High__minded
Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you’ll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery.There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, including workshops and events.
It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions.However, they have real impacts，as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
细节理解题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安 排类、书籍电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式以5W1H(what，who，when， where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
一、正确选项的特征
1.同义替换。对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one’s job换成了be out of work。有时候词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把 important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，即主动语态与被动语态的转 换。
57.Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers ________. A.rides in small trains B.courses in modern arts C.artistic and cultural activities D.basic courses in horse riding 答案 C [直接信息题。根据High minded部分的“...its cultural life...with art， music，opera and the performing arts...”可知，巴克斯顿歌剧院和艺术展览中心的 特别之处在于它提供适合所有有品位的文化和艺术活动。故选C项。]
解题技巧——题干定位，寻找信息 题干定位法是做细节理解题最基本的也是最常用的方法。细节理解题主要考查对某 句话或某几句话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较 和分析，便可以确定最佳答案。 “题干定位法”分为三步： 第一步：先通过题干信息来选择定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词 等，即问题的核心信息。 第二步：在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子。 第三步：分析这些句子和选项，得出正确答案。
时间、数字等) (2)自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一
题。 要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。
第四步：斟酌选项，选出答案 通过题干返回原文，判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原
文的某处比较，斟酌选项，选出答案。
第一讲 细节理解题
答案 A [直接信息题。由题干中的“fine dining shop”快速定位到第二句，结合
“One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some
Mozart (莫扎特).When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent
直接信息题
[典例1] (2018·江苏卷，阅读B) Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of
restaurants.Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart (莫扎特).When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender (薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
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2020高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语篇部分专题一阅读理解第1讲细节理解类教学案
专题一阅读理解阅读策略读文方式(一)问题→文章→问题先看问题，然后带着问题去读文章，再答题。
这种方式能够节省答题时间，针对性强，适用于解答细节性和事实性的题目。
(二)文章→问题→文章粗读文章，然后看题目，再精读来答题。
这种方式有利于把握文章主旨及作者的观点意图，对文章理解度较深，但速度较慢。
上面两种读文方式无优劣之别，一旦选择了适合考生自身的方式，就要持之以恒。
化解生词在此，我们首先强调考生必须要注意词汇的积累，因为它是提高阅读水平最基础也是最重要的一步。
但一般来说，在文章中总会碰到一些生词，这也符合《考试大纲》(允许出现3%的超纲词)的要求。
对于生词我们一般可通过以下三种方式来破解：1．跳过无关紧要的词高考的阅读理解中出现的生词有相当大的一部分是没必要精准知道词义的，它的具体含义对文章或基本句意的理解不会有什么影响。
如，同时出现的几个首字母大写的单词，很可能是专有名词，只需知道它是某个名称即可；再如，斜体的单词很可能是某书、电影等的名称或某个专业术语，只需知道它代表何物即可。
对于类似这样的词汇，考生不必过多纠缠，跳过便是。
我们建议考生在平时练习时，要加强对生词的容忍度并进行跳过技巧的训练，这样临场时才能保证做题的速度和准确率。
2．猜测有影响的词阅读中有些生词对文章理解至关重要，必须要知道它的准确含义，这类词通常是“词义猜测”类试题的设题重点。
对于它的破解我们会在下文“第4讲词义猜测类”中具体阐述。
3．拆分长难句阅读中出现的长难句经常是考生对文章理解的障碍，这是因为它一方面结构复杂，经常多种从句套用，另一方面是因为它分隔现象比较普遍，常将从句隔离开，有时还出现省略、倒装、虚拟等特殊句式用法，这些无疑都增加了理解的难度。
长难句的破解关键在于要能找出句子的主干成分，分清从属成分。
即将“枝叶”——介词短语、插入语、定语(从句)、状语(从句)、同位语(从句)、非谓语等去掉，留下的便是“主干”。
[典例] Rachel Liang (梁文音), a Taiwanese singer, who once competed in a series of Taiwanese singing contests, such as the Blackie Show (《我爱黑涩会》), and One Million Stars (《超级星光大道》), rose to fame while playing Kojima Tomoko (友子) in the Taiwanese block Cape No.7 (《海角七号》)．去枝叶：同位语(a Taiwanese singer)，定语从句(who once competed in a series of Taiwanese singing contests, such as the Blackie Show, and One Million Stars)，状语从句的省略(while playing Kojima Tomoko in the Taiwanese block Cape No.7)；留主干：Rachel Liang rose to fame. (S＋V)梁文音成名了。
阅读理解专项讲解教案PPT教学课件
▪ 根据字面意思、事实细节的逻辑关系来推 敲作者未明言之意。要求同学们不仅要弄 懂文章的意思，更重要的是要知道文章的 潜在含义。
用于考查结合所读材料进行推理判断的题干：
1. 根据已知内容，推出未知内容。 According to the report, we can infer that _______ The writer of this article is probably a __________ This passage might be taken from ___________.
2020/12/11
2
注意：文章的段落结构不同，获取 “事实细节”的技巧方法也相应不同。 大致可分：
1. 寻找具体事实 2. 归纳事实
At the sam3. e综ti合m分e 析af事te实r the age of ten, often at eleven or twelve, boys’ and girls’ bodies start changing. This time of change is called puberty…
2020/12/11
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进行“推理判断”的技巧
▪ 通读全文，了解文章内容大意，主题思 想和段落结构。
▪ 以文章提供的事实细节和主题思想为依 据推断文章的深层含义、作者情感态度 和可能会发生的事情等未言明之意。
▪ 要注意立足于自用已知来推理未知，不 能凭空想象，随意猜测，也不能就事论 事，以偏概全。
2020/12/11
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…She was the only woman tough enough to make me read Beowulf and think for a few stupid days that I liked it. From 1938 to 1942, she taught me English, history — and a lot more than I realized.
用于考查结合所读材料进行推理判断的题干：
1. 根据已知内容，推出未知内容。 According to the report, we can infer that _______ The writer of this article is probably a __________ This passage might be taken from ___________.
2020/12/11
2
注意：文章的段落结构不同，获取 “事实细节”的技巧方法也相应不同。 大致可分：
1. 寻找具体事实 2. 归纳事实
At the sam3. e综ti合m分e 析af事te实r the age of ten, often at eleven or twelve, boys’ and girls’ bodies start changing. This time of change is called puberty…
2020/12/11
8
进行“推理判断”的技巧
▪ 通读全文，了解文章内容大意，主题思 想和段落结构。
▪ 以文章提供的事实细节和主题思想为依 据推断文章的深层含义、作者情感态度 和可能会发生的事情等未言明之意。
▪ 要注意立足于自用已知来推理未知，不 能凭空想象，随意猜测，也不能就事论 事，以偏概全。
2020/12/11
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…She was the only woman tough enough to make me read Beowulf and think for a few stupid days that I liked it. From 1938 to 1942, she taught me English, history — and a lot more than I realized.
2020届高考英语二轮复习专项语法课件：阅读理解-细节理解习题
1. What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to Paragraph 1?
A．Efforts made in vain.
B．Getting injured in his work.
C．Feeling uncertain about his future.
1. What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on？
A．American kids' sleeping habits.
B．Teenagers' sleep－related diseases.
C．Activities to prevent sleeplessness.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina，Minnesota, changed the start time from 7：25 am to 8：30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Mutton town. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived，I saw a 2－to 3－week－old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读技巧课件：细节理解题[优质ppt]
![2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读技巧课件：细节理解题[优质ppt]](https://360docs-1393072327.cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com/fafc3eaf89eb172dec63b73a.webp)
following statements is NOT true? 三正一误
A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. 以偏概全 C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious.
1. wh-细节题
Exercise 2
语篇解读：本篇文章为说明文。说明了什么是 食物中毒以及它常见的症状，导致食物中毒的原因， 如何正确处理食物以减少中毒的可能，最后说明了 食物中毒并不可怕，只要休息几天或多喝开水即可 痊愈。
Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not
Q: Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl?
A. David Anderson B. A passer-by C. His girlfriend D. A taxi driver
题干是问谁在Duret之后跳进河里救人， 可以 以dive为线索找到原文的He handed the girl to her father， David Anderson， who had dived in after him， 故可知答案是David Anderson。
Food poisoning is usually 2 是非题 not serious, but some types are deadly.
A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. 以偏概全 C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious.
1. wh-细节题
Exercise 2
语篇解读：本篇文章为说明文。说明了什么是 食物中毒以及它常见的症状，导致食物中毒的原因， 如何正确处理食物以减少中毒的可能，最后说明了 食物中毒并不可怕，只要休息几天或多喝开水即可 痊愈。
Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not
Q: Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl?
A. David Anderson B. A passer-by C. His girlfriend D. A taxi driver
题干是问谁在Duret之后跳进河里救人， 可以 以dive为线索找到原文的He handed the girl to her father， David Anderson， who had dived in after him， 故可知答案是David Anderson。
Food poisoning is usually 2 是非题 not serious, but some types are deadly.
(最新二轮复习)(高考英语)阅读理解--细节理解题PPT课件
(2)自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基 本一致的，一般每段对应一题。
关于阅读理解训练的几个问题：
1．阅读短文和读题审题的先后顺序。
-
6
Passage→Questions→Passage 这种答题模式有利于 把握文章的主旨和作者的态度情感，但是速度较慢，不能 在阅读过程中积极主动地预测文章内容，不能快速地把握 题目和选项的关联性。因此，阅读过程缺乏主观能动性。
No.3 主旨大意题
No.4 词义猜测题
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1
2019
全国卷Ⅰ
全国卷Ⅱ
全国卷Ⅲ
篇别
ABCDABCDABCD
文体
应 用 文
记 叙 文
说 明 文
议 论 文
说 明 文
夹 叙 夹 议
说 明 文
说 明 文
应 用 文
议 论 文
记 叙 文
说 明 文
难易程度 易 易 中 难 易 易 中 难 易 易 中 难
细节理解题 3 1 3 / 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 2
run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible：Students aged 15－29, returning to
school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger
难易易
中难
细节理 解题
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
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2
1
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关于阅读理解训练的几个问题：
1．阅读短文和读题审题的先后顺序。
-
6
Passage→Questions→Passage 这种答题模式有利于 把握文章的主旨和作者的态度情感，但是速度较慢，不能 在阅读过程中积极主动地预测文章内容，不能快速地把握 题目和选项的关联性。因此，阅读过程缺乏主观能动性。
No.3 主旨大意题
No.4 词义猜测题
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1
2019
全国卷Ⅰ
全国卷Ⅱ
全国卷Ⅲ
篇别
ABCDABCDABCD
文体
应 用 文
记 叙 文
说 明 文
议 论 文
说 明 文
夹 叙 夹 议
说 明 文
说 明 文
应 用 文
议 论 文
记 叙 文
说 明 文
难易程度 易 易 中 难 易 易 中 难 易 易 中 难
细节理解题 3 1 3 / 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 2
run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible：Students aged 15－29, returning to
school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger
难易易
中难
细节理 解题
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
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2020江苏高考英语二轮培优新方案课件：专题三 阅读理解 专题增分2 第一讲 细节理解题
2．干扰选项特征 (1)张冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。 (2)无中生有。符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 (3)曲解文意。与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处 有些变动。 (4)颠倒是非。在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。 (5)正误参半。部分正确，部分错误。
一、直接信息理解题——题文比对速判定 在解答直接信息题时，考生可以采取“关键词定位法”， 即“带着问题找答案”。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然 后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此 关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关， 然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在 准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。解题流程图如下：
Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasn't always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years' War didn't actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record.
命题方式二 加工细节考思维的灵活 对具体细节信息进行加工，尤其是年代、数量、顺序等，需 要考生进行简单的计算或者思考，但此类试题不重在考查考生 的计算能力，而重在考查考生对具体细节信息的处理，故试题 设置一般都是简单的计算或替换。
[典例 2] (2018·江苏高考阅读 A 节选)
Admission
working parents visit the museum?
高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第1讲细节理解题课件【优质ppt版本】
21．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A．In Building 1. B．In Building 3. C．At the Laser Dome. D．At the Denny Way entrance.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的 buy a souvenir 可 定 位 到 文 章 第 一 部 分 。 在 太 平 洋 科 学 中 心 商 店 (Pacific Science Center's Store)可以买纪念品，再根据该部分最后 一句“The store is located(位于)upstairs in Building 3...”可知，该商店在三号楼，故选 B 项。A、C、D 三项 张冠李戴。
答案：A 解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 题 干 中 的 “ 关 键 词 ”Jane Addams 出现在第二段，其中第一行中出现 a social worker，选项 A Her social work 则是同义改写，所以选 择 A 项。B 项中的“her teaching skills”和文中提到的 “promoting education”都与“教育”相关，
Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－present)
When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.
It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil－rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，”said Parks.
高三英语阅读理解之细节理解课件(共18张)
Study, which began in 1948. The Framingham Study
gathers information about physical and mental health,
personal behavior and diet. At first, the study involved
Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead.
[典例4] A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
A newly-published study has shown that loneliness can
spread from one person to another, like a disease.
高考英语复习专题三阅读理解第一讲细节理解题课件2
Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds， how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record. CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history， beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts.While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great，this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.
件，像“from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet...tales of kings and
queens，hot air balloons...and monkeys in space...why being a Roman Emperor wasn’t
高考英语阅读理解之细节理解课件
B. Have some interactive fun.
C. Attend a famous festival.
D. Learn the history of a family
23. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s
23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity
Lakes?（ B）
A. 6:42 pm. B. 7:29 pm. C. 8:57 pm. D. 11:02 pm.
高考英语阅读理解之细节理解课件
高考英语阅读理解之细节理解课件
B 人与自我 C 人与社会 D 人与自然 A 人与社会 B 人与社会 C 人与社会
重读书籍 竞走运动 人与植物的关系 暑假工作介绍 老师与学生 科技发展
议论文 说明文 说明文
第21题，第22题， 第23题，第33题
应用文 记叙文 说明文
第21题，第22题， 第23题，第24题， 第28题，第29题， 第30题，第34题。
高考英语阅读理解之细节理解课件
高考英语阅读理解之细节理解课件
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone! Open: High Season 1 Apr – 31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 17.00, Sun 11.00 – 17.00. Low Season 1 Nov – 31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 16.30, Sun 12.00 – 16.30. Town: Carlisle