2009年职称英语理工类A级真题
汽车知识大全汽车知识大全.txt等余震的心情，就像初恋的少女等情人，既怕他不来，又怕他乱来。
听说女人如衣服，兄弟如手足，回想起来，我竟然七手八脚地裸奔了二十多年！今天心情不好，我只有四句话想说，包括这句和前面的两句，我的话说完了！MPVMPV的全称是Multi-Purpose Vehicle，即多用途汽车。
它集轿车、旅行车和厢式货车的功能于一身，车内每个座椅都可调整，并有多种组合的方式，例如可将中排座椅靠背翻下即可变为桌台，前排座椅可作180度旋转等。
近年来，MPV趋向于小型化，并出现了所谓的S-MPV，S是小(Small)的意思。
S-MPV车长一般在(4.2-4.3)m之间，车身紧凑，一般为(5—7)座。
SUVSUV的全称是SportUtility Vehicle，中文意思是运动型多用途汽车。
现在主要是指那些设计前卫、煨托掠钡乃穆智 揭俺怠 UV一般前悬架是轿车型的独立悬架，后悬架是非独立悬架，离地间隙较大，在一定程度上既有轿车的舒适性又有越野车的越野性能。
由于带有MPV式的座椅多组合功能，使车辆既可载人又可载货，适用范围广。
RVRV的全称是Recreati&a Vehicle，.即休闲车，是一种适用于娱乐、休闲、旅行的汽车，首先提出RV汽车概念的国家是日本。
RV的覆盖范围比较广泛，没有严格的范畴。
从广义上讲，除了轿车和跑车外的轻型乘用车，都可归属于RV。
MPV及SUV也同属RV。
皮卡皮卡(PICK-UP)又名轿卡。
顾名思义，亦轿亦卡，是一种采用轿车车头和驾驶室，同时带有敞开式货车车厢的车型。
其特点是既有轿车般的舒适性，又不失动力强劲，而且比轿车的载货和适应不良路面的能力还强。
最常见的皮卡车型是双排座皮卡，这种车型是目前保有量最大，也是人们在市场上见得最多的皮卡。
CKD汽车CKD是英文Completely Knocked Down的缩写，意思是“完全拆散”。
换句话说，CKD汽车就是进口或引进汽车时，汽车以完全拆散的状态进入，之后再把汽车的全部零、部件组装成整车。
我国在引进国外汽车先进技术时，一开始往往采取CKD组装方式，将国外先进车型的所有零部件买进来，在同内汽车厂组装成整车。
SKD汽车SKD是英文Semi-Knocked Down的缩写，意思是“半散装”。
换句话说，SKD汽车就是指从国外进口汽车总成(如发动机、驾驶室、底盘等)，然后在国内汽车厂装配而成的汽车。
SKD 相当于人家将汽车做成“半成品”，进口后简单组装就成整车。
零公里汽车零公里汽车是一个销售术语，指行驶里程为零(或里程较低，如不高于10kin)的汽车，它的出现是为了满足客户对所购车辆“绝对全新”的要求。
零公里表示汽车从生产线上下来后，还未有任何入驾驶过。
为了保证里程表的读数为零，从生产厂到各销售点，均采用大型专用汽车运输，以保证车辆全新。
概念车概念车由英文Conception Car意译而来。
概念车不是Ep将投产的车型，它仅仅是向人们展示设计人员新颖、独特、超前的构思而已。
概念车还处在创意、试验阶段，很可能永远不投产。
因为不是大批量生产的商品车，每一辆概念车都可以更多地摆脱生产制造水平方面的束缚，尽情地甚至夸张地层示自己的独特魅力。
概念车是时代的最新汽车科技成果，代表着未来汽车的发展方向，因此它展示的作用和意义很大，能够给人以启发并促进相互借鉴学习。
因为概念车有超前的构思，体现了独特的创意，并应用了最新科技成果，所以它的鉴赏价值极高。
世界各大汽车公司都不惜巨资研制概念车，并在国际汽车展上亮相，一方面了解稍费者对概念车的反映，从而继续改进；另一方面也是为了向公众显示本公司的技术进步，从而提高自身形象。
老爷车老爷车也叫古典车，一般指20年前或更老的汽车。
老爷车是一种怀旧的产物，是人们过去曾经使用的，现在仍可以工作的汽车。
老爷车这一概念始于20世纪70年代，最早出现在英国的一本杂志上，这种说法很快得到老爷车爱好者的认同。
不到10年功夫，关注老爷车的人就越来越多，致使老爷车的身价戏剧性地增长起采。
例如，一辆1933年款式的美国求盛伯格汽车在拍卖行卖到100万美元，一辆布加迪老爷车卖到650万美元。
零排放汽车零排放汽车是指不排出任何有害污染物的汽车，比如太阳能汽车、纯电动汽车、氢气汽车等。
有时人们也把零排放汽车称为绿色汽车、环保汽车、生态汽车、清洁汽车等。
电动汽车目前人们所说的电动汽车多是指纯电动汽车，即是一种采用单一蓄电池作为储能动力源的汽车。
它利用蓄电池作为储能动力源，通过电池向电机提供电能，驱动电动机运转，从而推动汽车前进。
从外形上看，电动汽车与日常见到的汽车并没有什么区别，区别主要在于动力源及其驱动系统。
混合动力汽车混合动力汽车就是在纯电动汽车上加装一套内燃机，其目的是减少汽车的污染，提高纯电动汽车的行驶里程。
混合动力汽车有串联式和并联式两种结构形式。
燃气汽车燃气汽车主要有压缩天然气汽车(.简称LPG汽车或LPGV)和压缩天然气汽车(简称CNG汽车或CNGV)。
顾名思义，LPG汽车是以液化石油气为燃料，CNG汽车是以压缩天然气为燃料。
燃气汽车的CO排放量比汽油车减少90%以上，碳氢化合物排放减少70%以上，氮氧化合物排放减少 35%以上，是目前较为实用的低排放汽车。
欧洲Ⅱ号排放标准汽车尾气排出的污染物主要有碳氢化合物(HC)、氮氧合物(NOx)、一氧化碳(CO)、微粒(PM)等，它们主要通过汽车排气管排放。
由于汽车排放污染物对环境造成的危害日益严重，世界各国和地区都先后制定了限制汽车废气排放的限量值，其中欧盟制定的欧洲标准是一项大多数国家和地区执行的参照标准。
欧洲排放标准属于一个非常专业的技术范畴，现通过举例来解释欧洲工号、欧洲Ⅱ号标准到底是什么意思。
以设计乘员数不超过6人(包括司机)，且最大总质量不超过2.5t的轿车为例。
我国于1999年1月1日到2003年12月31日这个阶段必须达到的排放标准限值为：一氧化碳不得超过3.16g/km；碳氢化合物不得超过1.13g/km；其中柴油车的颗粒物标准不得超过0.18g/km；耐久性要求为5万km。
2004年1月1日以后，标准又有所提高：汽油车一氧化碳不超过2.2g/km，碳氢化合物不超过0.5g/km；柴油车一氧化碳不超过1.0g/km，碳氢化合物不超过0.7g/km，颗粒物不超过0.08g/km。
这便是2004年我国将要实行的欧洲Ⅱ排放标准。
汽车召回所谓汽车召回(RECALL)，就是投放市场的汽车，发现由于设计或制造方面的原因存在缺陷，不符合有关的法规、标准，有可能导致安全及环保问题，厂家必须及时向国家有关部门报告该产品存在问题、造成问题的原因、改善措施等，提出召回申请，经批准后对在用车辆进行改造，以消除事故隐患。
目前实行汽车召回制度的国家有美国、日本、加拿大、英国、澳大利亚等。
V6发动机汽车发动机常用缸数有3、4、5、6、8、10、l2缸。
排量1L以下的发动机常用3缸；(1-2.5)L 一般为4缸发动机；3L左右的发动机一般为6 缸；4L左右为8缸；5.5L以上用12缸发动机。
二般来说，在同等缸径下，缸数越多，排量越大，功率越高；在同等排量下，缸数越多，缸径越小，转速可以提高，从而获得较大的提升功率。
气缸的排列形式主要有直列、V形、W形等。
一般5缸以下发动机的气缸多采用直列方式排列，少数6缸发动机也有直列方式的，过去也有过直列8缸发动机。
直列发动机的气缸体成一字排开，缸体、缸盖和曲轴结构简单，制造成本低，低速扭矩特性好，燃料消耗少，应用比较广泛，缺点是功率较低。
一般1L以下的汽油机多采用3缸直列， (1-2.5)L汽油机多采用直列4缸，有的四轮驱动汽车采用直列6缸，因为其宽度小，可以在旁边布置增压器等设施。
直列6缸的动平衡较好，振动相对较小，所以也为一些中、高极轿车采用。
(6-12)缸发动机一般采用V形排列，其中VIO发动机主要装在赛车上。
V形发动机长度和高度尺寸小，布置起来非常方便，而且一般认为，V形发动机是比较高级的发动机，也成为轿车级别的标志之一。
V8发动机结构非常复杂，制造成本很高，所以使用得较少。
V12，发动机过大过重，只有极个别的高级轿车采用。
目前最常见的发动机主要是直列4缸(14)与V型6缸(V6)发动机。
一般来说，V6发动机的排量较14的为高，V6机比14—运行平稳、安静。
U主要装在普通级轿车上，而V6机则装在中高档轿车上。
压缩比压缩比是指气缸总容积与燃烧室容积的比值，它表示活塞从下止点移到上止点时气缸内气体被压缩的程度。
压缩比是衡量汽车发动机性能指标的一个重要参数。
一般地说，发动机的压缩比愈大；在压缩行程结束时混合气的压力和温度就愈高，燃烧速度也愈快，因而发动机的功率愈大，经济性愈好。
但压缩比过大时，不仅不能进一步改善燃烧情况，反而会出现爆燃、表面点火等不正常燃烧现象，又反过来影响发动机的性能。
此外，发动机压缩比的提高还受到排气污染法规的限制。
排量气缸工作容积是指活塞从上止点到下止点所扫过的气体容积，又称为单缸排量，它取决于缸径和活塞行程。
发动机排量是各缸工作容积的总和，一般用毫升(CC)来表示。
发动机排量是最重要的结构参数之一，它比缸径和缸数更能代表发动机的大小，发动机的许多指标都同排量密切相关。
功率功率是指物体在单位时间内所做的功。
在一定的转速范围内，汽车发动机的功率与发动机转速成非线性正比关系，转速越快功率越大，反之越小，它反映了汽车在一定时间内的作功能力。
以同类型汽车做比较，功率越大转速越高，汽车的最高速度也越高。
发动机的输出功率同转速关系很大。
随着转速÷的增加，发动机的功率也相应提高，但是到了一定的转速以后，功率反而呈下降趋势。
一般在说明发动机最高输出功率的同时标出每分钟转速(r/min)，如100PS／5000r／min，即在每分钟5000转时最高输出功率为100马力 (73.5kW)。
常用最大功率来描述汽车的动力性能。
最大功率一般用马力(PS)或千瓦(kW)来表示，1马力等于0.735千瓦。
扭矩是使物体发生转动的力。
发动机的扭矩就是指发动机从曲轴端输出的力矩。
在功率固定的条件下它与发动机转速成反比关系，转速越快扭矩越小，反之越大，它反映了汽车在一定范围内的负载能力。
在某些场合能真正反映出汽车的“本色”，例如启动时或在山区行驶时，扭矩越高汽车运行的反应便越好。
以同类型发动机轿车做比较，扭矩输出愈大承载量愈大，加速性能愈好，爬职力愈强，换挡次数愈少，对汽车的磨损也会相对减少。
尤其在轿车零速启动时，更显示出扭矩高者提升速度快的优越性。
发动机的扭矩的表示方法是牛米(N.m)。
同功率一样，一般在说明发动机最大输出扭矩的同时也标出每分钟转速(r／min)。
最大扭矩一般出现在发动机的中、低转速的范围，随着转速的提高，扭矩反而会下降。
2009职称英语--综合A类考试真题与答案
页眉内容阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。
——培根2009职称英语--综合A类考试真题与答案第一部分：词汇选项1. Why can't you stop your (enternal .永久的,永恒的;无穷的2.永存的,不朽的 3.【口】(闲谈等)无休止的) complaining?A. longB. everlasting永远的,永久的;不朽的 2. 持久的;接连不断的C. temporary临时的;暂时的,一时的D. boring令人生厌的;乏味的2. Hundreds of buildings were (wrecked)毁坏的.烂醉的;(吸食毒品后)迷幻的,兴奋的by the earthquake.A. shaken摇,摇动;震动;抖动B. damaged损失，毁坏，破坏C. fallenD. jumped3. These paintings are considered by many to be (authentic)可信的,真实的,可靠的 2. 真正的,非假冒的[Z] 3. (依法)有效的,手续....A. faithful忠实的;忠诚的;忠贞的[(+to)] 2. 如实的;准确可靠的;B. royal王的,女王的;王室的C. genuine真的;非伪造的;名副其实的 2. 真诚的;不造作的,由衷的 3. 纯血统的D. sincere衷心的,真诚的,真心实意的 2. 忠实的,诚实的,正直的;4. Many economists have given in to the fatal命运的;决定命运的 2. 命中注定的 3. 致命的,生死攸关的[(+to/for)] 4. 无可挽回的,毁... (lure)诱惑物 2. 诱惑力,吸引力;魅力of mathematics.数学运算;数学应用A. attraction吸引;吸引力 2. 吸引物;喜闻乐见的事物 3. 【物】引力;B. simplicity简单, 2. 简明易懂的事物 3. 简朴,朴素 4. 纯朴,单纯 5. 真诚,坦率C. powerD. rigor严格;严厉;苛刻 2. (生活等的)艰苦;(气候的)严酷5. Ten years after the event, her death still remains a(puzzle).A. mistB. togC. mysteryD. secret6. irritated使恼怒;使烦躁 2. 使过敏;使难受;使发炎;使疼痛 3. 刺激,使兴奋答案：A. annoyed7. duplicated完全一样的;复制的;副本的 2. 二重的;一对的;二倍的答案：D. copied8. spurred (靴)装有马刺的.刺激,激励;鼓舞[(+to)]答案：B. encouraged9. ample大量的,丰富的,充裕的 2. 足够的 3. 宽敞的,宽大的;答案：D. enough10. marvels令人惊奇的事物(或人物)[(+of)] 及物动词vt. 1. 对...感到惊异答案：B. miracles奇迹;奇迹般的人(或物) 2. 惊人的事例[(+of)]11. perpetual永久的;长期的 2. 【口】无休止的;连续不断的 3. 无限期的;终身的答案：B. endless 1. 无尽的;长久的 2. 不断的;无休止的 3. 环状的12.D. unfair不公平的;不公正的 2. 不正当的13. adhere toA. followB. orderC. proveD. handle14. barren不生育的,不妊的 2. (植物)不结果实的 3. (土地等)贫瘠的,荒芜的,不毛的答案：C. bare裸的\光秃秃的 3. 空的 4. 无陈设的;无装饰的 5. 不加掩饰的 6. 勉强的15. specifications载明;详述[(+of)] 2. 规格;明细单;详细计划书[(+for)]答案：C. instructions教学,讲授;教育[(+in)] 2. 教诲;教导 3. 命令,指示第二部分：阅读判断Keep on FightingTurning once again to the question of invasion, I would observe that there has never been a period in all these lo ng centuries of which we boast when an absolute guarantee a gainst invasion, still less against serious raids, could ha ve been given to our people. In the days of Napoleon the sa me wind which would have carried his transports across the Channel might have driven away the blockading fleet. There was always the chance, and it is that chance which has exci ted and befooled the imaginations of many continental tyrants. Many are the tales that are told. We are assured that n ovel methods will be adopted, and when we see the originali ty of malice, the ingenuity of aggression, which our enemy displays, we may certainly prepare ourselves for every kind of novel stratagem and every kind of brutal and treacherou s manoeuvre. I think that no idea is so outlandish that it should not be considered and viewed with a searching, but a t the same time, I hope, with a steady eye.We must never forget the solid assurances of sea power and those which belong to air power if it can be locally ex ercised. I have, myself, full confidence that if all do the ir duty, if nothing is neglected, and if the best arrangeme nts are made, as they are being made, we shall prove oursel ves once again able to defend our island home, to ride out the storm of war, and to outlive the menace of tyranny, if necessary for years, if necessary alone. At any rate, that is what we are going to try to do. That is the resolve of H is Majesty's government - every man of them. That is the wi ll of parliament and the nation. The British empire and the French republic, linked together in their cause and in the ir need, will defend to the death their native soil, aiding each other like good comrades to the utmost of their stren gth. Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous states have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Ge stapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall n ot flag or fail.We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with gr owing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall figh t in the hills; we shall never surrender, and even if, whic h I do not for a moment believe, this island or a large par t of it were subjugated and starving, then our empire beyon d the seas, armed and guarded by the British fleet, would c arry on the struggle, until, in God's good time, the new wo rld, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.16. Throughout Britain's history, there has been no gua rantee that an invasion would not happen.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Napoleon and his army once crossed the English Chan nel and Conquered Britain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. The enemy will use every means conceivable to destr oy Britain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Churchill is confident that he will live longer tha n Hitler.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The Royal air Force will launch massive air strikes against the Germans.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The British Empire is so strong that it does not ha ve to take Hitler's menace seriously.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Although many countries have been overrun by the Ge rmans, the British people will never give in.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子McGrady's art is a spectacle1. When Tracy McGrady is healthy, his play can be so be autiful that even his own teammates on the court cannot hel p but admire it - in the middle of a game.2. "It's hard for me, because I'm a fan of basketball," Houston point guard Rafer Alston told the Houston Chronicl e newspaper after McGrady's 44-point performance against Ut ah on January 5. "When he's shooting the ball like that, a lot of times I'm standing there watching and, all of a sudd en, [the other team's] getting the ball and going on a fast break, and I'm getting yelled at by the coach." Indeed, Mc Grady's body control, his energy, his shooting - watching t hese are like watching an artist at work, blending colours, constructing sentences, or playing music.3. Unfortunately, McGrady, 27, hasn't always been on the job. Already this season, he's missed seven games with ba ck spasms. After Yao Ming was injured on Dec. 23, it appear ed Houston would be without both of its stars. McGrady, how ever, returned three days later and has been playing well e ver since, scoring more than 30 points in each of the last six games, as of Tuesday. Houston can't seem to get on without him. When McGrady was injured, the Rockets won two and lost five.4. "Listen, there are only four or five people on the e ntire planet that can do the things he can do with the bask etball," forward Shane Battier said of McGrady. "From a fan 's perspective - and we're fans even though we're players - it's really fun to watch him do that. "From a player's per spective, his game can affect the entire team. No question. We see him, and we get excited, and that pumps us up. He k eeps making shots, and suddenly it seems to become easier f or everybody."5. But it won't, really. Houston has just begun an impo rtant stretch on their schedule. Four of the next seven gam es will be played away from Houston - and without Yao. Six of the games will be against teams with winning records. Op ponents will double-team McGrady in an attempt to dull the impact of his art. Instead of watching, McGrady's teammates will need to create a little art of their own.23. Paragraph 2 C24. Paragraph 3 D25. Paragraph 4 B26. Paragraph 5 AA. Necessity for the Teammates to Improve Their Own Ski llsB. Evaluation from Two Different PerspectivesC. Spectacular Performance on the CourtD. Players Houston Can't Do WithoutE. Yao Ming's PerformanceF. McGrady's Injury27. McGrady plays basketball so well A28. Yao Ming missed several games D29. There are very few people on the Earth C30. Everyone will have to contribute EA. that his temmates cannot help admiring himB. that he is often yelled at by the coachC. who can play basketball so wellD. because he had been injuredE. if Houston hopes to winF. since he returned第四部分：阅读理解第一篇Youth Emancipation in SpainThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number o f young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 per cent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.To coax(劝诱)young people from their homes, the institu te started a "Youth Emancipation(解放) programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young people's family dependence on th e precarious(不稳定的) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 per cent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say so ciologists. Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Eur ope, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in he r report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Keys for Understanding"."In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in th e family as the main body around which their private life i s organized," said Minguez.In Spain - especially in the countryside, it is not unc ommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, niec es and nephews(外甥/侄子) all living on the same street. Th ey regularly get together for Sunday dinner.Parents' tolerance(宽容) is another factor. Spanish par ents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bed time rules."A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a big fight and call the fath er a Fascist," said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores worsens the problem. Dioni-sio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good."His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well," Masso said.31. The "Youth Emancipation" programme aims at helping young peopleA. fight for freedomB. live in an independent wayC. fight against social injusticeD. get rid of family responsibilities32. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family tie s are stronger in Portugal than inA. FinlandB. GreeceC. SpainD. Italy33. Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPTA. parent's toleranceB. housing problemsC. cultural traditionsD. unwillingness to get married34. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Di noisio Masso?A. She is 60 years old.B. She has a boyfriend.C. She has three children.D. She lives in Madrid.35. The phrase "wary of" in paragraph 8 could be best r eplaced byA. tired ofB. afraid ofC. cautious aboutD. worried about第二篇Road Trip VacationsIt's summer. In the United States, it's the season of s wimming pools, barbeques, camping and road trips.Road trip vacations where the car journey is part of the fu n are especially popular with college students, who like to explore the country on wheels. These budget trips are idea l for students who often have plenty of free time but littl e money."Ever since I went to college, I've been traveling around a lot, exploring the country," said Austin Hawkins, a 19-yea r-old college student from New York. This summer, Hawkins a nd his friends have spent weekends traveling in New Englan d.The best part about car trips, said Hawkins, is that you ca n be spontaneous. "On a road trip, if you get interested in things you see along the way you can stop and explore." Matt Roberts, a 20-year-old student from Ohio who drove to Montreal, Canada, agrees. "With road trips you don't have t o plan in advance, you can just get into a car and drive." Even with high gas prices, driving with friends is cheaper than flying. Roberts paid about 40 dollars for gas, but a r ound trip plane ticket would have cost nearly 400 dollars.Driving trips first became popular in the 1920s. Newly pave d roads and improved, cars made it possible to travel longe r distances. Motels started appearing outside cities.By the 1950s, car ownership became the norm. Construction o f the US interstate highway system began in 1956 and motel and restaurant chains popped up everywhere making long dist ance trips easier.Today, the US has the highest car ownership rate in the wor ld. Only 8 percent of American homes have no car, according to the most recent US census.Though many college students don't own a car, most have acc ess to one. On many of Hawkins' trips, they used a borrowed van.Hawkins' most memorable road trip took place over spring br eak. He and two friends drove from New York to New Orleans to volunteer, helping rebuild the city after Hurricane Katr ina hit it last July. They crossed the country in two days and slept in their car in church parking lots.Roberts' road trip to Canada last winter was even more even tful. Upon arriving in Montreal, they were lost in a blizza rd and shivering in the -25°cold. To find their hotel, the y turned on a laptop and drove around in circles until they found a spot with wireless Internet coverage."I know we should have planned better, but we're young. Now, when I see those guys I always say: 'Remember when we were lost in the snow storm!' I'll never forget that."36. Traveling on wheels is most popular among peoplewho have cars37. What will Hawkins do when he sees something interesting on a road trip?A. He will turn back.B. He will drive around.C. He will stop to explore.D. He will stop exploring.38. When did motels suddenly appear everywhere?A. After the work to build the interstate highway system st arted.B. When driving trips became popular.C. After many roads were paved.D. After new cars were made.39. Which of the following words can best describe Hawkins' trip to New Orleans?A. Eventful.B. Colourful.C. Delightful.D. Unforgettable.40. The word "blizzard" in paragraph 12 meansA. snow storm.B. hurricane.C. mist.D. fog.第三篇Tightened Visa RegulationsAccording to South Korea's new visa regulations, native speakers of English who intend to teach English in South K orea will be required to undergo criminal record checks, me dical and drug tests, provide sealed academic transcripts a nd have their university diplomas inspected, The Korea Time s has reported. The tightened regulations will affect an es timated 17,000 foreigners that hold E-2 visas specifically for foreign language teachers.The most controversial requirement is that English teac hers residing outside South Korea will have to have an inte rview at a South Korean embassy before taking up their teac hing posts. For applicants living in remote areas in Canada, Australia or the US, this is an additional travel burden. Meanwhile, foreign teachers currently living in South Korea must leave the country after their one-year contracts end and renew their visas at a South Korean embassy in their home country or third country. Before the changes, they could renew their visas by visiting a neighboring country and re turn without additional documentation.The visa changes are a reaction to public concern about the suitability of some foreign teachers. A report from th e South Korean Ministry of Education and Human Resources De velopment shows between 2001 and August of this year, 1,481 foreign language teachers have been caught for a range of offenses including forged degrees, visa violations and gene ral lawbreaking.But the changes are likely to slow up the supply of tea chers to South Korea's English language education sector. A ccording to Michael Duffy, manager of a teacher placement s ervice in South Korea, applicants have to spend a few hundr ed dollars and several months on getting affidavits for doc uments. "South Korea has put up too many hoops to jump thro ugh," he said, adding that foreigners would seek work elsew here. Most foreigners wonder if the experience of working i n South Korea will be worth the burden of the paper work an d increasing restrictions. "I don't think (South) Korea has thought this through," said Scott McInnis, a Canadian teac her based in Incheon near Seoul. "This is a reactionary move by the government that will have strong implications for the EFL community."As part of efforts to ease the discontent, the South Ko rean Ministry of Justice has granted a three-month grace pe riod for current E-2 visa holders to prepare the necessary documents.41. Which of the following is NOT required of an E-2 vi sa applicant?A. to pass a Korean language testB. to undergo a medical testC. to provide sealed school reportsD. to undergo a drug test41. A to pass a Korean language test42. C visit a neighboring country if they wanted to ren ew their visas43. C subversive activities44. What does EFL refer to?D English as a foreign language45. The new visa policy aims atB. improving foreign language teaching in South Korea.第五部分：补全短文My Life at RendaI learned very quickly that being a teaching assistant (TA) at the University of Iowa would be different from life as a teacher at Renmin University.________________(46) Eyes staring, mouths open, student s examining my big nose, hands nervous, people whispering w hile I wrote my name on the blackboard.At Iowa, when my first classes began, half my students still hadn't arrived. When everyone finally found a seat, r inging cellphones and loud yawns interrupted my opening rem arks.It's not that American students were disrespectful. ___ _______________(47) They were, however, far more skeptical than the students I had at Renda. The truth is I couldn't f ault them for their skepticism. Undergraduates at large US universities -especially freshmen and sophomores ? often have several classes a semester handled by TAs. In some cases, the TA sets the course content. ______________(48) Most ha ve good intentions, but only a few are as effective as fles h-and-blood professors.Every teacher has to confront obstacles to learning - n o matter what the culture. Students who talk during lecture s, students who cheat, students who question the grade they get for a paper or project - dealing with these is all par t of the job. __________________(49)The difference, I think - at least in my experience is that in the US I had to swallow more of my pride. _________ _________(50)I had a responsibility to teach them, of course, but I had to do so indirectly-as a guide who himself had a few th ings to learn from the students.第六部分：完形填空Improve Computer-research SkillsLike many college students, Jose Juarez carries around a pocket-sized computer that lets him watch movies, surf th e Interact and text-message his friends.He's part of "Generation M" - those born after 1985 who ________ (51) up connected to everything from video game t o cellphones."For us, it's everyday life," said Juarez, 18, a freshm an ________ (52) California State University at Sacramento (CSUS). ________ (53),educators are now saying that not all Generation M-ers can synthesize the piles of information t hey're accessing."They're geeky, but they don't know what to ________ (5 4) with their geekdom," said Barbara O'Connor, a Sacramento State communications studies professor who has been involv ed in a nationwide ________ (55) to improve students' compu ter-research skills.In a recent nationwide test to ________ (56) their tech nological "literacy" their ability to use the Interact to c omplete class assignments - only 49 percent correctly evalu ated a set of Web sites for objectivity, authority and tim eliness. Only 35 per cent could correctly narrow an overly ________ (57) Internet search.About 130 Sacramento State students, including Juarez, participated in the experimental test, ________ (58) to 6,3 00 college students across the country.The hour-long assessment test is conducted by Education al Testing Service. It is a web-based scavenger hunt ______ __ (59) simulated Interact search engines and academic data bases that spit out purposely misleading information."They're very good at ________ (60) in and using the In ternet, but don't always understand what they get back," sa id Linda Goff, head of instructional services for the CSUS library. "You see an open search box, you type in a few wor ds and you ________ (61) the button," said Goff, who is inv olved in the testing."They take at face value ________ (62) shows up at the top of the list as the best stuff."Educators say that these sloppy research skills are tro ubling."We look at that as a foundational skill, in the same w ay we ________ (63) math and English as a foundational skil l," said Lorie Roth, assistant vice-chancellor for academic programmes in the CSU system.Measuring how well students can "sort the good ________ (64) the bad" on the Internet has become a higher priority for CSU, Roth said.CSU is considering ________ (65) a mandatory assessment test on technological literacy for all freshmen, much as i t has required English and math placement tests since the 1 980s.Students in freshman seminars at Sacramento State were asked to take the test early in the semester and were expected to finish another round thisweek to measure their improvement.参考答案页眉内容阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。
职称英语历年真题及答案
全国职称英语考试历年真题及答案理工类-A级2003-2010目录1.2003年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (2)2.2004年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (16)3.2005年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (35)4.2006年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (54)5.2007年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (68)6.2008年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (76)7.2009年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (89)8.2010年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (102)2003年职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explainedB inventedC consideredD accepted2. He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB strongC kindD wild3. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A makingB takingC discussingD expecting4. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A wasteB buyC useD sell5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC powerD volume6. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tenselyB nearlyC carefullyD closely7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.A supportedB excitedC inspiredD directed8. The book provides a concise analysis of the country’s history.A cleanB perfectC realD brief9. It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.A suggestedB warnedC statedD confirmed10. The council meeting terminated at 2 o’clock.A beganB continuedC endedD resumed11. Red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A signB substituteC proofD target12. However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.A reluctantB eagerC pleasedD angry13. It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A limitB controlC replaceD offset14. The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A denyB investigateC stressD create15. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A graduallyB suddenlyC excessivelyD exceptionally第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2009年全国职称英语等级考试(理工类A级)真题及详解【圣才出品】
2009年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类A级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Why can’t you stop your eternal complaining？A.everlastingB.longC.temporaryD.boring【答案】A【解析】句意：你就不能停止你那没完没了的抱怨吗？eternal永远的，永恒的。
everlasting永恒的，接连不断的。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
temporary临时的。
long 长时间的。
boring无聊的。
2.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A.shakenB.damagedC.fallenD.jumped【答案】B【解析】句意：数以百计的建筑在地震中受到破坏。
wreck“遭到破坏”，常用于指飞机、车辆、船舶等在灾祸中的损坏。
damage损害；损毁。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
shake 摇动；震动。
fall下降。
jump跳跃。
3.These paintings are considered by many to be authentic.A.faithfulB.royalC.genuineD.sincere【答案】C【解析】句意：许多人认为这些画是真的。
authentic真正的；真实的。
genuine真正的；真实的。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
faithful忠诚的。
royal皇室的；高贵的。
sincere 真诚的。
4.Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A.attractionB.simplicityC.powerD.rigor【答案】A【解析】句意：不少经济学家在数学的诱惑下让步。
2009年职称英语考试理工A级真命题与规范标准答案word打包下载
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2009年职称英语考试理工A级真题与答案word打包下载2009年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷英语理工类A级；第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 Why can't you stop your eternal complaining?A longB everlastingC temporaryD boring2 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A damagedB shakenC fallenD jumped3 These paintings are considered by many to be authentic.A faithfulB royalC sincereD genuine4 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A simplicityB attractionC powerD rigor5 Ten years after the event, her death still remains a puzzle.A mistB fogC secretD mystery6 John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversation,A troubledB annoyedC threatenedD aroused7 Academic records cannot be duplicated.A borrowedB purchasedC copiedD rewritten8 The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific researchA encouragedB fastenedC raisedD initiated9 We have ample money for the journeyA someB littleC enoughD extra10 The doctor's pills worked marvels for me.A miraclesB patientsC illnessD recovery11 Mary's perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad.A endlessB monotonousC seriousD bitter12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatmentA oldB unforgettableC unfairD funny13 You didn't adhere to these principles.A orderB followC proveD handle14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land.A emptyB hairlessC smoothD bare15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications.A expressionsB warningsC advertisementsD instructions第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2009职称英语--综合A类考试真题与答案
2009职称英语--综合A类考试真题与答案第一部分：词汇选项1. Why can't you stop your (enternal .永久的,永恒的;无穷的2.永存的,不朽的3.【口】(闲谈等)无休止的) complaining?A. longB. everlasting永远的,永久的;不朽的 2. 持久的;接连不断的C. temporary临时的;暂时的,一时的D. boring令人生厌的;乏味的2. Hundreds of buildings were (wrecked)毁坏的.烂醉的;(吸食毒品后)迷幻的,兴奋的by the earthquake.A. shaken摇,摇动;震动;抖动B. damaged损失，毁坏，破坏C. fallenD. jumped3. These paintings are considered by many to be (authentic)可信的,真实的,可靠的 2. 真正的,非假冒的[Z] 3. (依法)有效的,手续....A. faithful忠实的;忠诚的;忠贞的[(+to)] 2. 如实的;准确可靠的;B. royal王的,女王的;王室的C. genuine真的;非伪造的;名副其实的 2. 真诚的;不造作的,由衷的 3. 纯血统的D. sincere衷心的,真诚的,真心实意的 2. 忠实的,诚实的,正直的;4. Many economists have given in to the fatal命运的;决定命运的 2. 命中注定的 3. 致命的,生死攸关的[(+to/for)] 4. 无可挽回的,毁... (lure)诱惑物 2. 诱惑力,吸引力;魅力of mathematics.数学运算;数学应用A. attraction吸引;吸引力 2. 吸引物;喜闻乐见的事物 3. 【物】引力;B. simplicity简单, 2. 简明易懂的事物 3. 简朴,朴素 4. 纯朴,单纯 5. 真诚,坦率C. powerD. rigor严格;严厉;苛刻 2. (生活等的)艰苦;(气候的)严酷5. Ten years after the event, her death still remains a (puzzle).A. mistB. togC. mysteryD. secret6. irritated使恼怒;使烦躁 2. 使过敏;使难受;使发炎;使疼痛 3. 刺激,使兴奋答案：A. annoyed7. duplicated完全一样的;复制的;副本的 2. 二重的;一对的;二倍的答案：D. copied8. spurred (靴)装有马刺的.刺激,激励;鼓舞[(+to)]答案：B. encouraged9. ample大量的,丰富的,充裕的 2. 足够的 3. 宽敞的,宽大的;答案：D. enough10. marvels令人惊奇的事物(或人物)[(+of)] 及物动词vt. 1. 对...感到惊异答案：B. miracles奇迹;奇迹般的人(或物) 2. 惊人的事例[(+of)]11. perpetual永久的;长期的 2. 【口】无休止的;连续不断的 3. 无限期的;终身的答案：B. endless 1. 无尽的;长久的 2. 不断的;无休止的 3. 环状的12.D. unfair不公平的;不公正的 2. 不正当的13. adhere toA. followB. orderC. proveD. handle14. barren不生育的,不妊的 2. (植物)不结果实的 3. (土地等)贫瘠的,荒芜的,不毛的答案：C. bare裸的\光秃秃的 3. 空的 4. 无陈设的;无装饰的 5. 不加掩饰的 6. 勉强的15. specifications载明;详述[(+of)] 2. 规格;明细单;详细计划书[(+for)]答案：C. instructions教学,讲授;教育[(+in)] 2. 教诲;教导 3. 命令,指示第二部分：阅读判断Keep on FightingTurning once again to the question of invasion, I would observe that there has never been a period in all these lo ng centuries of which we boast when an absolute guarantee a gainst invasion, still less against serious raids, could ha ve been given to our people. In the days of Napoleon the sa me wind which would have carried his transports across the Channel might have driven away the blockading fleet. There was always the chance, and it is that chance which has exci ted and befooled the imaginations of many continental tyran ts. Many are the tales that are told. We are assured that n ovel methods will be adopted, and when we see the originali ty of malice, the ingenuity of aggression, which our enemy displays, we may certainly prepare ourselves for every kindof novel stratagem and every kind of brutal and treacherou s manoeuvre. I think that no idea is so outlandish that it should not be considered and viewed with a searching, but a t the same time, I hope, with a steady eye.We must never forget the solid assurances of sea power and those which belong to air power if it can be locally exerci sed. I have, myself, full confidence that if all do their d uty, if nothing is neglected, and if the best arrangements are made, as they are being made, we shall prove ourselves once again able to defend our island home, to ride out the storm of war, and to outlive the menace of tyranny, if nece ssary for years, if necessary alone. At any rate, that is w hat we are going to try to do. That is the resolve of His M ajesty's government - every man of them. That is the will o f parliament and the nation. The British empire and the Fre nch republic, linked together in their cause and in their n eed, will defend to the death their native soil, aiding eac h other like good comrades to the utmost of their strength. Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous states have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestap o and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not f lag or fail.We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we sha ll fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growin g confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shal l fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our empire beyond th e seas, armed and guarded by the British fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God's good time, the new world, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.16. Throughout Britain's history, there has been no guarant ee that an invasion would not happen.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Napoleon and his army once crossed the English Channel and Conquered Britain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. The enemy will use every means conceivable to destroy B ritain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Churchill is confident that he will live longer than Hi tler.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The Royal air Force will launch massive air strikes aga inst the Germans.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The British Empire is so strong that it does not have t o take Hitler's menace seriously.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Although many countries have been overrun by the German s, the British people will never give in.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子McGrady's art is a spectacle1. When Tracy McGrady is healthy, his play can be so be autiful that even his own teammates on the court cannot hel p but admire it - in the middle of a game.2. "It's hard for me, because I'm a fan of basketball," Hou ston point guard Rafer Alston told the Houston Chronicle ne wspaper after McGrady's 44-point performance against Utah o n January 5. "When he's shooting the ball like that, a lot of times I'm standing there watching and, all of a sudden, [the other team's] getting the ball and going on a fast bre ak, and I'm getting yelled at by the coach." Indeed, McGrad y's body control, his energy, his shooting - watching these are like watching an artist at work, blending colours, con structing sentences, or playing music.3. Unfortunately, McGrady, 27, hasn't always been on the job. Already this season, he's missed seven games with back spasms. After Yao Ming was injured on Dec. 23, it appeared H ouston would be without both of its stars. McGrady, however, returned three days later and has been playing well ever s ince, scoring more than 30 points in each of the last six g ames, as of Tuesday. Houston can't seem to get on without h im. When McGrady was injured, the Rockets won two and lost five.4. "Listen, there are only four or five people on the entire planet that can do the things he can do with the basketba ll," forward Shane Battier said of McGrady. "From a fan's p erspective - and we're fans even though we're players - it' s really fun to watch him do that. "From a player's perspec tive, his game can affect the entire team. No question. We see him, and we get excited, and that pumps us up. He keeps making shots, and suddenly it seems to become easier for e verybody."5. But it won't, really. Houston has just begun an importan t stretch on their schedule. Four of the next seven games w ill be played away from Houston - and without Yao. Six of t he games will be against teams with winning records. Oppone nts will double-team McGrady in an attempt to dull the impa ct of his art. Instead of watching, McGrady's teammates wil l need to create a little art of their own.23. Paragraph 2 C24. Paragraph 3 D25. Paragraph 4 B26. Paragraph 5 AA. Necessity for the Teammates to Improve Their Own SkillsB. Evaluation from Two Different PerspectivesC. Spectacular Performance on the CourtD. Players Houston Can't Do WithoutE. Yao Ming's PerformanceF. McGrady's Injury27. McGrady plays basketball so well A28. Yao Ming missed several games D29. There are very few people on the Earth C30. Everyone will have to contribute EA. that his temmates cannot help admiring himB. that he is often yelled at by the coachC. who can play basketball so wellD. because he had been injuredE. if Houston hopes to winF. since he returned第四部分：阅读理解第一篇Youth Emancipation in SpainThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number o f young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 per cent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still slee p in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.To coax(劝诱)young people from their homes, the institute s tarted a "Youth Emancipation(解放) programme this month. Th e programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs. Economists blame young people's family dependence on the pr ecarious(不稳定的) labour market and increasing housing pri ces. Housing prices have risen 17 per cent a year since 200 0.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociol ogists. Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and G reece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her re port "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Keys for Unde rstanding"."In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the fa mily as the main body around which their private life is or ganized," said Minguez.In Spain - especially in the countryside, it is not uncommo n to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces a nd nephews(外甥/侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.Parents' tolerance(宽容) is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules."A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If pare nts complain he'll put up a big fight and call the father a Fascist," said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores wors ens the problem. Dioni-sio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girl friend and a job. But life with mum is good."His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he li ves well," Masso said.31. The "Youth Emancipation" programme aims at helping young peopleA. fight for freedomB. live in an independent wayC. fight against social injusticeD. get rid of family responsibilities32. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than inA. FinlandB. GreeceC. SpainD. Italy33. Young people's family dependence can be attributed to a ll the following factors EXCEPTA. parent's toleranceB. housing problemsC. cultural traditionsD. unwillingness to get married34. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dinois io Masso?A. She is 60 years old.B. She has a boyfriend.C. She has three children.D. She lives in Madrid.35. The phrase "wary of" in paragraph 8 could be best repla ced byA. tired ofB. afraid ofC. cautious aboutD. worried about第二篇Road Trip VacationsIt's summer. In the United States, it's the season of s wimming pools, barbeques, camping and road trips.Road trip vacations where the car journey is part of the fun are especially popular with college students, who like toexplore the country on wheels. These budget trips are ideal for students who often have plenty of free time but little money."Ever since I went to college, I've been traveling around alot, exploring the country," said Austin Hawkins, a 19-year-old college student from New York. This summer, Hawkins a nd his friends have spent weekends traveling in New England. The best part about car trips, said Hawkins, is that you can be spontaneous. "On a road trip, if you get interested inthings you see along the way you can stop and explore." Matt Roberts, a 20-year-old student from Ohio who drove to Montreal, Canada, agrees. "With road trips you don't have to plan in advance, you can just get into a car and drive." Even with high gas prices, driving with friends is cheaper than flying. Roberts paid about 40 dollars for gas, but a r ound trip plane ticket would have cost nearly 400 dollars. Driving trips first became popular in the 1920s. Newly paved roads and improved, cars made it possible to travel longer distances. Motels started appearing outside cities.By the 1950s, car ownership became the norm. Construction of the US interstate highway system began in 1956 and motel and restaurant chains popped up everywhere making long distance trips easier.Today, the US has the highest car ownership rate in the wor ld. Only 8 percent of American homes have no car, according to the most recent US census.Though many college students don't own a car, most have acc ess to one. On many of Hawkins' trips, they used a borrowed van.Hawkins' most memorable road trip took place over spring br eak. He and two friends drove from New York to New Orleans to volunteer, helping rebuild the city after Hurricane Katr ina hit it last July. They crossed the country in two days and slept in their car in church parking lots.Roberts' road trip to Canada last winter was even more even tful. Upon arriving in Montreal, they were lost in a blizza rd and shivering in the -25°cold. To fi nd their hotel, the y turned on a laptop and drove around in circles until they found a spot with wireless Internet coverage."I know we should have planned better, but we're young. Now, when I see those guys I always say: 'Remember when we were lost in the snow storm!' I'll never forget that."36. Traveling on wheels is most popular among peoplewho have cars37. What will Hawkins do when he sees something interesting on a road trip?A. He will turn back.B. He will drive around.C. He will stop to explore.D. He will stop exploring.38. When did motels suddenly appear everywhere?A. After the work to build the interstate highway system st arted.B. When driving trips became popular.C. After many roads were paved.D. After new cars were made.39. Which of the following words can best describe Hawkins' trip to New Orleans?A. Eventful.B. Colourful.C. Delightful.D. Unforgettable.40. The word "blizzard" in paragraph 12 meansA. snow storm.B. hurricane.C. mist.D. fog.第三篇Tightened Visa RegulationsAccording to South Korea's new visa regulations, native speakers of English who intend to teach English in South K orea will be required to undergo criminal record checks, me dical and drug tests, provide sealed academic transcripts a nd have their university diplomas inspected, The Korea Time s has reported. The tightened regulations will affect an es timated 17,000 foreigners that hold E-2 visas specifically for foreign language teachers.The most controversial requirement is that English teachers residing outside South Korea will have to have an intervie w at a South Korean embassy before taking up their teaching posts. For applicants living in remote areas in Canada, Au stralia or the US, this is an additional travel burden. Mea nwhile, foreign teachers currently living in South Korea mu st leave the country after their one-year contracts end and renew their visas at a South Korean embassy in their home country or third country. Before the changes, they could re new their visas by visiting a neighboring country and retur n without additional documentation.The visa changes are a reaction to public concern about the suitability of some foreign teachers. A report from the So uth Korean Ministry of Education and Human Resources Develo pment shows between 2001 and August of this year, 1,481 for eign language teachers have been caught for a range of offe nses including forged degrees, visa violations and generallawbreaking.But the changes are likely to slow up the supply of teacher s to South Korea's English language education sector. Accor ding to Michael Duffy, manager of a teacher placement servi ce in South Korea, applicants have to spend a few hundred d ollars and several months on getting affidavits for documen ts. "South Korea has put up too many hoops to jump through, " he said, adding that foreigners would seek work elsewhere. Most foreigners wonder if the experience of working in Sou th Korea will be worth the burden of the paper work and inc reasing restrictions. "I don't think (South) Korea has thou ght this through," said Scott McInnis, a Canadian teacher b ased in Incheon near Seoul. "This is a reactionary move by the government that will have strong implications for the E FL community."As part of efforts to ease the discontent, the South Korean Ministry of Justice has granted a three-month grace period for current E-2 visa holders to prepare the necessary docu ments.41. Which of the following is NOT required of an E-2 visa a pplicant?A. to pass a Korean language testB. to undergo a medical testC. to provide sealed school reportsD. to undergo a drug test41. A to pass a Korean language test42. C visit a neighboring country if they wanted to renew t heir visas43. C subversive activities44. What does EFL refer to?D English as a foreign language45. The new visa policy aims atB. improving foreign language teaching in South Korea.第五部分：补全短文My Life at RendaI learned very quickly that being a teaching assistant (TA) at the University of Iowa would be different from lifeas a teacher at Renmin University.________________(46) Eyes staring, mouths open, students ex amining my big nose, hands nervous, people whispering whileI wrote my name on the blackboard.At Iowa, when my first classes began, half my students still hadn't arrived. When everyone finally found a seat, ringi ng cellphones and loud yawns interrupted my opening remarks. It's not that American students were disrespectful. __________________(47) They were, however, far more skeptical thanthe students I had at Renda. The truth is I couldn't faultthem for their skepticism. Undergraduates at large US universities -especially freshmen and sophomores ? often have s everal classes a semester handled by TAs. In some cases, th e TA sets the course content. ______________(48) Most have good intentions, but only a few are as effective as flesh-a nd-blood professors.Every teacher has to confront obstacles to learning - no ma tter what the culture. Students who talk during lectures, s tudents who cheat, students who question the grade they get for a paper or project - dealing with these is all part of the job. __________________(49)The difference, I think - at least in my experience is that in the US I had to swallow more of my pride. _____________ _____(50)I had a responsibility to teach them, of course, but I had to do so indirectly-as a guide who himself had a few things to learn from the students.第六部分：完形填空Improve Computer-research SkillsLike many college students, Jose Juarez carries around a pocket-sized computer that lets him watch movies, surf th e Interact and text-message his friends.He's part of "Generation M" - those born after 1985 who ___ _____ (51) up connected to everything from video game to cellphones."For us, it's everyday life," said Juarez, 18, a freshman _ _______ (52) California State University at Sacramento (CSU S). ________ (53),educators are now saying that not all Gen eration M-ers can synthesize the piles of information they' re accessing."They're geeky, but they don't know what to ________ (54) w ith their geekdom," said Barbara O'Connor, a Sacramento Sta te communications studies professor who has been involved i n a nationwide ________ (55) to improve students' computer-research skills.In a recent nationwide test to ________ (56) their technolo gical "literacy" their ability to use the Interact to compl ete class assignments - only 49 percent correctly evaluated a set of Web sites for objectivity, authority and timelin ess. Only 35 per cent could correctly narrow an overly ____ ____ (57) Internet search.About 130 Sacramento State students, including Juarez, part icipated in the experimental test, ________ (58) to 6,300 c ollege students across the country.The hour-long assessment test is conducted by Educational T esting Service. It is a web-based scavenger hunt ________ (59) simulated Interact search engines and academic databas es that spit out purposely misleading information."They're very good at ________ (60) in and using the Internet, but don't always understand what they get back," said L inda Goff, head of instructional services for the CSUS libr ary. "You see an open search box, you type in a few words a nd you ________ (61) the button," said Goff, who is involve d in the testing."They take at face value ________ (62) shows up at the top of the list as the best stuff."Educators say that these sloppy research skills are troubli ng."We look at that as a foundational skill, in the same way w e ________ (63) math and English as a foundational skill," said Lorie Roth, assistant vice-chancellor for academic pro grammes in the CSU system.Measuring how well students can "sort the good ________ (64) the bad" on the Internet has become a higher priority for CSU, Roth said.CSU is considering ________ (65) a mandatory assessment tes t on technological literacy for all freshmen, much as it ha s required English and math placement tests since the 1980 s.Students in freshman seminars at Sacramento State were asked to take the test early in the semester and were expected to finish another round this week to measure their improvement.参考答案。
2009年职称英语理工类A级真题
为限制电子电气产品使用某些有害物质，以防止产品废弃后对环境造成污染，欧盟理事会于2003年1月23日颁发了决议2002/95/EC，即《限制在电子电气设备中使用某些有害物质》指令（简称RoHS指令）。
2005年8月18日，欧盟又以2005/618/EC决议的形式对2002/95/EC进行了补充，明确规定了六种有害物质（铅，汞，镉，六价铬、多溴联苯（PBB）、多溴二苯醚（PBDE））的最大限量值。
其中铅（Pb）、汞(Hg)、六价铬(Cr6+)、多溴联苯(PBB)、多溴二苯醚(PBDE)的最大允许含量为0.1%(1000ppm)，镉(cd)为0.01%(100ppm)。
从而解决了原有2002/95/EC中的争议问题。
此后，欧盟又多次以决议（Decision）的形式对RoHS指令进行补充和修订，主要是针对指令的豁免条款的进行补充说明。
从2003年2月起到2008年5月，欧盟共发布了6批RoHS豁免清单。
其中，值得关注的是2005年10月13日欧盟发布的2005/717/EC号决议，豁免了十溴二苯醚及含铅青铜的外壳和衬套中的铅。
然而2008年4月，欧洲法院（European Court of justice.ECJ）发布公告，裁定2005/717/EC号决议的豁免项目存在程序上的疏忽，其认为能找到十溴二苯醚的替代品，因此废除委员会决议2005/717/EC中对聚合物中十溴二苯醚的豁免。
目前，对于聚合物中十溴二苯醚的限用或豁免，国际各界仍有较大分歧。
此外，欧盟2008年3月11日发布了2008 / 35 /EC指令，令欧委会有权对附件做出若干必要修订，以配合科技发展。
根据RoHS指令的第5(1)(c)条，委员会必须至少每隔4年对附件所列的每项豁免物质进行检讨，假若有关受限制物质可以不用或有其它替代物，欧委会可考虑将之从现行的豁免物质中剔除。
由于RoHS指令的生效日期为2006年7月1日，因此，欧盟将会在2010年或之前前对豁免物质进行检讨以确定其是否豁免。
2009职称英语--综合A类考试试题
2009职称英语--综合A类考试试题第一部分：词汇选项1. Why can't you stop your (enternal) complaining?A. longB. everlastingC. temporaryD. boring2. Hundreds of buildings were (wrecked) by the earthquake.A. shakenB. damagedC. fallenD. jumped3. These paintings are considered by many to be (authentic).A. faithfulB. royalC. genuineD. sincere4. Many economists have given in to the fatal (lure) of mathematics.A. attractionB. simplicityC. powerD. rigor5. Ten years after the event, her death still remains a (puzzle).A. mistB. togC. mysteryD. secret6. irritated答案：A. annoyed 7. duplicated答案：D. copied8. spurred答案：B. encouraged 9. ample答案：D. enough 10. marvels答案：B. miracles 11. perpetual答案：B. endless12.D. unfair13. adhere toA. followB. orderC. proveD. handle14. barren答案：C. bare15. specifications答案：C. instructions第二部分：阅读判断Keep on FightingTurning once again to the question of invasion, I would observe that there has never been a period in all these long centuries of which we boast when an absolute guarantee against invasion, still less against serious raids, could have been given to our people. In the days of Napoleon the same wind which would have carried his transports across the Channel might have driven awaythe blockading fleet. There was always the chance, and it is that chance which has excited and befooled the imaginations of many continental tyrants. Many are the tales that are told. We are assured that novel methods will be adopted, and when we see the originality of malice, the ingenuity of aggression, which our enemy displays, we may certainly prepare ourselves for every kind of novel stratagem and every kind of brutal and treacherous manoeuvre. I think that no idea is so outlandish that it should not be considered and viewed with a searching, but at the same time, I hope, with a steady eye.We must never forget the solid assurances of sea power and those which belong to air power if it can be locally exercised. I have, myself, full confidence that if all do their duty, if nothing is neglected, and if the best arrangements are made, as they are being made, we shall prove ourselves once again able to defend our island home, to ride out the storm of war, and to outlive the menace of tyranny, if necessary for years, if necessary alone. At any rate, that is what we are going to try to do. That is the resolve of His Majesty's government - every man of them. That is the will of parliament and the nation. The British empire and the French republic, linked together in their cause and in their need, will defend to the death their native soil, aiding each other like good comrades to the utmost of their strength. Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous states have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail.We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God's good time, the new world, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.16. Throughout Britain's history, there has been no guarantee that an invasion would not happen.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Napoleon and his army once crossed the English Channel and Conquered Britain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. The enemy will use every means conceivable to destroy Britain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Churchill is confident that he will live longer than Hitler.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The Royal air Force will launch massive air strikes against the Germans.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The British Empire is so strong that it does not have to take Hitler's menace seriously.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Although many countries have been overrun by the Germans, the British people will never give in.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子McGrady's art is a spectacle1. When Tracy McGrady is healthy, his play can be so beautiful that even his own teammates on the court cannot help but admire it - in the middle of a game.2. "It's hard for me, because I'm a fan of basketball," Houston point guard Rafer Alston told the Houston Chronicle newspaper after McGrady's 44-point performance against Utah on January 5. "When he's shooting the ball like that, a lot of times I'm standing there watching and, all of a sudden, [the other team's] getting the ball and going on a fast break, and I'm getting yelled at by the coach." Indeed, McGrady's body control, his energy, his shooting - watching these are like watching an artist at work, blending colours, constructing sentences, or playing music.3. Unfortunately, McGrady, 27, hasn't always been on the job. Already this season, he's missed seven games with back spasms. After Yao Ming was injured on Dec. 23, it appeared Houston would be without both of its stars. McGrady, however, returned three days later and has been playing well ever since, scoring more than 30 points in each of the last six games, as of Tuesday. Houston can't seem to get on without him. When McGrady was injured, the Rockets won two and lost five.4. "Listen, there are only four or five people on the entire planet that can do the things he can do with the basketball," forward Shane Battier said of McGrady. "From a fan's perspective - and we're fans even though we're players - it's really fun to watch him do that. "From a player's perspective, his game can affect the entire team. No question. We see him, and we get excited, and that pumps us up. He keeps making shots, and suddenly it seems to become easier for everybody."5. But it won't, really. Houston has just begun an important stretch on their schedule. Four of the next seven games will be played away from Houston - and without Yao. Six of the games will be against teams with winning records. Opponents will double-team McGrady in an attempt to dull the impact of his art. Instead of watching, McGrady's teammates will need to create a little art of their own.23. Paragraph 2 C24. Paragraph 3 D25. Paragraph 4 B26. Paragraph 5 AA. Necessity for the Teammates to Improve Their Own SkillsB. Evaluation from Two Different PerspectivesC. Spectacular Performance on the CourtD. Players Houston Can't Do WithoutE. Yao Ming's PerformanceF. McGrady's Injury27. McGrady plays basketball so well A28. Yao Ming missed several games D29. There are very few people on the Earth C30. Everyone will have to contribute EA. that his temmates cannot help admiring himB. that he is often yelled at by the coachC. who can play basketball so wellD. because he had been injuredE. if Houston hopes to winF. since he returned第四部分：阅读理解第一篇Youth Emancipation in SpainThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 per cent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.To coax(劝诱)young people from their homes, the institute started a "Youth Emancipation(解放) programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 per cent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists. Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Keys for Understanding"."In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez.In Spain - especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.Parents' tolerance(宽容) is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules."A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a big fight and call the father a Fascist," said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores worsens the problem. Dioni-sio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good."His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well," Masso said.31. The "Youth Emancipation" programme aims at helping young peopleA. fight for freedomB. live in an independent wayC. fight against social injusticeD. get rid of family responsibilities32. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than inA. FinlandB. GreeceC. SpainD. Italy33. Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPTA. parent's toleranceB. housing problemsC. cultural traditionsD. unwillingness to get married34. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dinoisio Masso?A. She is 60 years old.B. She has a boyfriend.C. She has three children.D. She lives in Madrid.35. The phrase "wary of" in paragraph 8 could be best replaced byA. tired ofB. afraid ofC. cautious aboutD. worried about第二篇Road Trip VacationsIt's summer. In the United States, it's the season of swimming pools, barbeques, camping and road trips.Road trip vacations where the car journey is part of the fun are especially popular with college students, who like to explore the country on wheels. These budget trips are ideal for students who often have plenty of free time but little money."Ever since I went to college, I've been traveling around a lot, exploring the country," said Austin Hawkins, a 19-year-old college student from New York. This summer, Hawkins and his friends have spent weekends traveling in New England.The best part about car trips, said Hawkins, is that you can be spontaneous. "On a road trip, if you get interested in things you see along the way you can stop and explore."Matt Roberts, a 20-year-old student from Ohio who drove to Montreal, Canada, agrees. "With road trips you don't have to plan in advance, you can just get into a car and drive."Even with high gas prices, driving with friends is cheaper than flying. Roberts paid about 40 dollars for gas, but a round trip plane ticket would have cost nearly 400 dollars.Driving trips first became popular in the 1920s. Newly paved roads and improved, cars made it possible to travel longer distances. Motels started appearing outside cities.By the 1950s, car ownership became the norm. Construction of the US interstate highway system began in 1956 and motel and restaurant chains popped up everywhere making long distance trips easier.Today, the US has the highest car ownership rate in the world. Only 8 percent of American homes have no car, according to the most recent US census.Though many college students don't own a car, most have access to one. On many of Hawkins' trips, they used a borrowed van.Hawkins' most memorable road trip took place over spring break. He and two friends drove from New York to New Orleans to volunteer, helping rebuild the city after Hurricane Katrina hit it last July. They crossed the country in two days and slept in their car in church parking lots.Roberts' road trip to Canada last winter was even more eventful. Upon arriving in Montreal, they were lost in a blizzard and shivering in the -25°cold. To find their hotel, they turned on a laptop and drove around in circles until they found a spot with wireless Internet coverage."I know we should have planned better, but we're young. Now, when I see those guys I always say: 'Remember when we were lost in the snow storm!' I'll never forget that."36. Traveling on wheels is most popular among peoplewho have cars37. What will Hawkins do when he sees something interesting on a road trip?A. He will turn back.B. He will drive around.C. He will stop to explore.D. He will stop exploring.38. When did motels suddenly appear everywhere?A. After the work to build the interstate highway system started.B. When driving trips became popular.C. After many roads were paved.D. After new cars were made.39. Which of the following words can best describe Hawkins' trip to New Orleans?A. Eventful.B. Colourful.C. Delightful.D. Unforgettable.40. The word "blizzard" in paragraph 12 meansA. snow storm.B. hurricane.C. mist.D. fog.第三篇Tightened Visa RegulationsAccording to South Korea's new visa regulations, native speakers of English who intend to teach English in South Korea will be required to undergo criminal record checks, medical and drug tests, provide sealed academic transcripts and have their university diplomas inspected, The Korea Times has reported. The tightened regulations will affect an estimated 17,000 foreigners that hold E-2 visas specifically for foreign language teachers.The most controversial requirement is that English teachers residing outside South Korea will have to have an interview at a South Korean embassy before taking up their teaching posts. For applicants living in remote areas in Canada, Australia or the US, this is an additional travel burden. Meanwhile, foreign teachers currently living in South Korea must leave the country after their one-year contracts end and renew their visas at a South Korean embassy in their home country or third country. Before the changes, they could renew their visas by visiting a neighboring country and return without additional documentation.The visa changes are a reaction to public concern about the suitability of some foreign teachers. A report from the South Korean Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development shows between 2001 and August of this year, 1,481 foreign language teachers have been caught for a range of offenses including forged degrees, visa violations and general lawbreaking.But the changes are likely to slow up the supply of teachers to South Korea's English language education sector. According to Michael Duffy, manager of a teacher placement service in South Korea, applicants have to spend a few hundred dollars and several months on getting affidavits for documents. "South Korea has put up too many hoops to jump through," he said, adding that foreigners would seek work elsewhere. Most foreigners wonder if the experience of working inSouth Korea will be worth the burden of the paper work and increasing restrictions. "I don't think (South) Korea has thought this through," said Scott McInnis, a Canadian teacher based in Incheon near Seoul. "This is a reactionary move by the government that will have strong implications for the EFL community."As part of efforts to ease the discontent, the South Korean Ministry of Justice has granted a three-month grace period for current E-2 visa holders to prepare the necessary documents.41. Which of the following is NOT required of an E-2 visa applicant?A. to pass a Korean language testB. to undergo a medical testC. to provide sealed school reportsD. to undergo a drug test41. A to pass a Korean language test42. C visit a neighboring country if they wanted to renew their visas43. C subversive activities44. What does EFL refer to?D English as a foreign language45. The new visa policy aims atB. improving foreign language teaching in South Korea.第五部分：补全短文My Life at RendaI learned very quickly that being a teaching assistant (TA) at the University of Iowa would be different from life as a teacher at Renmin University.________________(46) Eyes staring, mouths open, students examining my big nose, hands nervous, people whispering while I wrote my name on the blackboard.At Iowa, when my first classes began, half my students still hadn't arrived. When everyone finally found a seat, ringing cellphones and loud yawns interrupted my opening remarks.It's not that American students were disrespectful. __________________(47) They were, however, far more skeptical than the students I had at Renda. The truth is I couldn't fault them for their skepticism. Undergraduates at large US universities -especially freshmen and sophomores ? often have several classes a semester handled by TAs. In some cases, the TA sets the course content. ______________(48) Most have good intentions, but only a few are as effective as flesh-and-blood professors.Every teacher has to confront obstacles to learning - no matter what the culture. Students who talk during lectures, students who cheat, students who question the grade they get for a paper or project - dealing with these is all part of the job. __________________(49)The difference, I think - at least in my experience is that in the US I had to swallow more of mypride. __________________(50)I had a responsibility to teach them, of course, but I had to do so indirectly-as a guide who himself had a few things to learn from the students.第六部分：完形填空Improve Computer-research SkillsLike many college students, Jose Juarez carries around a pocket-sized computer that lets him watch movies, surf the Interact and text-message his friends.He's part of "Generation M" - those born after 1985 who ________ (51) up connected to everything from video game to cellphones."For us, it's everyday life," said Juarez, 18, a freshman ________ (52) California State University at Sacramento (CSUS). ________ (53),educators are now saying that not all Generation M-ers can synthesize the piles of information they're accessing."They're geeky, but they don't know what to ________ (54) with their geekdom," said Barbara O'Connor, a Sacramento State communications studies professor who has been involved in a nationwide ________ (55) to improve students' computer-research skills.In a recent nationwide test to ________ (56) their technological "literacy" their ability to use the Interact to complete class assignments - only 49 percent correctly evaluated a set of Web sites for objectivity, authority and timeliness. Only 35 per cent could correctly narrow an overly ________ (57) Internet search.About 130 Sacramento State students, including Juarez, participated in the experimental test, ________ (58) to 6,300 college students across the country.The hour-long assessment test is conducted by Educational Testing Service. It is a web-based scavenger hunt ________ (59) simulated Interact search engines and academic databases that spit out purposely misleading information."They're very good at ________ (60) in and using the Internet, but don't always understand what they get back," said Linda Goff, head of instructional services for the CSUS library. "You see an open search box, you type in a few words and you ________ (61) the button," said Goff, who is involved in the testing."They take at face value ________ (62) shows up at the top of the list as the best stuff." Educators say that these sloppy research skills are troubling."We look at that as a foundational skill, in the same way we ________ (63) math and English as a foundational skill," said Lorie Roth, assistant vice-chancellor for academic programmes in the CSU system.Measuring how well students can "sort the good ________ (64) the bad" on the Internet has become a higher priority for CSU, Roth said.CSU is considering ________ (65) a mandatory assessment test on technological literacy for all freshmen, much as it has required English and math placement tests since the 1980s.Students in freshman seminars at Sacramento State were asked to take the test early in the semester and were expected to finish another round this week to measure their improvement.。
2009年职称英语真题与答案
2009年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1Why can't you stop your eternal complaining?A everlastingB longC temporaryD boring2Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A shakenB damagedC fallenD jumped3These paintings are considered by many to be authentic.A faithfulB royalC genuineD sincere4Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A attractionB simplicityC powerD rigor5Ten years after the event, her death still remains a puzzle.A mistB fogC mysteryD secret6John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversation.A annoyedB troubledC threatenedD aroused7Academic records cannot be duplicated.A borrowedB purchasedC rewrittenD copied8The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research.A fastenedB encouragedC raisedD initiated9We have ample money for the journey.A someB littleC extraD enough10 The doctor's pills worked marvels for me.A patientsB miraclesC illnessD recovery11 Mary's perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad.A monotonousB endlessC seriousD bitter12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment.A oldB unforgettableC funnyD unfair13 You didn't adhere to these principles.A followB orderC proveD handle14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land.A emptyB hairlessC bareD smooth15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications.A expressionsB warningsC instructionsD advertisements第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2009年职称英语理工类A级真题
2009年职称英语理工类A级真题完形填空Earth's Inner CoreScientists have long struggled to understand what lies at the planet's center. Direct observ ation of its center is impossible, so researchers must （1） to other evidence.In 1889, a German scientist detected a severe earthquake in Japan. Geophysicists concluded t hat shock waves （2） jolts （晃动） from one side of Earth through the center to the other side. Then in 1936, Danish geophysicist Inge Lehmann studied the waves' （3） to determine t hat within Earth's core of molten （熔化了的） iron lies a solid inner core － but （4） tha t core was made of eluded （难倒） her. Other geophysicists quickly determined that Lehmann' s inner core was composed mostly （5） iron. Since then, Lehmann's discovery has （6） conve ntional Earth science.But now scientists are challenging traditional theory with new and radical （7）. For exampl e, Earth's center could actually contain an "inner core within the inner core," claim Ishii and colleague Adam Dziewonski.Analyzing hundreds of thousands of earthquake wave （8）, they maintain that the inner core has at its heart a tiny, even more solid sphere （球体）. This sphere "may be the oldest fos sil （9） from the formation of Earth," says Dziewonski.Dziewonski and Ishii speculate that shortly （10） Earth formed around 4.8 billion years ago, a giant asteroid （小行星） smashed into the young planet and nearly melted it. But Earth's center didn't quite melt; it （11） mass as the planet cooled. The core within a core may be the kernel （核心） that endured. "Its presence could change our basic ideas about the （12） of the planet," Dziewonski says.Dziewonski's idea is tame （温和的） compared to the （13） theories of independent geophysi cist J. Marvin Herndon. Earth's inner core is made not of iron, he claims, but a （14） of n ickel and silicon. Herndon has a truly revolutionary notion: Within the nickel silicide （硅化物） inner core is also an "inner" inner core － an 8 km-wide ball of the element uranium. Uranium is radioactive. Herndon thinks the uranium releases heat energy as its atoms （15）fission-split and crash into one another in a chain reaction. In other words, we may live on top of a gigantic, "natural" nuclear power plant.1 A try B leave C turn D point2 A create B receive C feel D overcome3 A work B solution C job D patterns4 A whether B what C why D how5 A from B within C of D to6 A followed B dominated C restored D opposed7 A ideas B demands C phenomena D movements8 A things B acts C methods D records9 A taken B benefited C left D kept10 A after B before C since D when11 A expanded B modified C gained D melted12 A size B origin C structure D shape13 A radical B traditional C classical D conventional14 A system B copy C model D compound15 A charge B last C experience D show。
2009职称英语考题A理工
2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 Why can't you stop your eternal complaining?A longB everlastingC temporaryD boring2 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A damagedB shakenC fallenD jumped3 These paintings are considered by many to be authentic.A faithfulB royalC sincereD genuine4 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A simplicityB attractionC powerD rigor5 Ten years after the event, her death still remains a puzzle.A mistB fogC secretD mystery6 John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversation,A troubledB annoyedC threatenedD aroused7 Academic records cannot be duplicated.A borrowedB purchasedC copiedD rewritten8 The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific researchA encouragedB fastenedC raisedD initiated9 We have ample money for the journeyA someB littleC enoughD extra10 The doctor's pills worked marvels for me.A miraclesB patientsC illnessD recovery11 Mary's perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad.A endlessB monotonousC seriousD bitter12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatmentA oldB unforgettableC unfairD funny13 You didn't adhere to these principles.A orderB followC proveD handle14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land.A emptyB hairlessC smoothD bare15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications.A expressionsB warningsC advertisementsD instructions第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。