酒店管理设计与实现外文资料翻译
酒店管理专业的英文范文
酒店管理专业的英文范文Alright, here's a sample text for a hotel management major, written in an informal and conversational English style while maintaining the requirements you specified:---。
So, you're thinking about getting into hotel management? Well, let me tell you, it's an exciting field! You'll be dealing with people from all over the world, making sure their stay is as comfortable as possible.One thing I love about this job is the variety. No two days are ever the same. You might be handling a big event one day and then dealing with a last-minute guest request the next. It's always something new.Communication is key in this industry. You have to be able to talk to your team, guests, and even suppliers effectively. A smile and a kind word can make all thedifference in someone's experience.But it's not just about the people. You'll also be managing finances, making sure the hotel is running smoothly and efficiently. That means knowing your numbers and being able to make quick decisions.Another great thing is the opportunity to travel. As a hotel manager, you might have to visit other properties or even attend conferences abroad.。
酒店服务质量管理外文文献翻译
酒店服务质量管理外文文献翻译This article examines the issue of service quality management in the hotel industry。
The importance of providing high-quality service to customers is emphasized。
as it is a key factor in customer XXX can use to improve their service quality。
such as employee training。
customer feedback。
and service recovery。
nally。
the article highlights the role of technology in service quality management and the XXX.In the hotel industry。
providing high-XXX service during their stay。
and any ings in service quality can lead to negative reviews and a loss of business。
Therefore。
XXX service quality management in order to XXX.XXX employees。
hotels XXX。
problem-solving。
XXX。
hotels XXX.XXX of service quality management is service recovery。
Even with the best ns and efforts。
mistakes and service failuresXXX must have a plan in place for addressing these XXX refunds。
软件工程毕业设计(论文)文献综述+外文翻译-基于jsp的宾馆管理系统的设计与实现[管理资料]
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文献综述前言本人毕业设计的论题为《基于JSP的宾馆管理系统的设计和实现》，该系统是在目前服务业的发展日益明显，宾馆的发展也成为了必然的趋势。
国外的宾馆大多宾馆都进入了电脑时代，而目前我国各类宾馆中还有相当一部分宾馆还停留在人工管理的基础上，尤其是中、小得宾馆的管理更是如此，这样的管理机制已经不能适应时代的发展。
另外宾馆行业的发展，使顾客信息呈爆炸性增长，宾馆对宾馆信息管理的自动化与准确化的要求日益强烈的背景下构思出来的，该软件设计完成后可用于所有宾馆行业的发展和管理。
使用计算机对顾客信息进行管理，有着手工管理所无法比拟的优点，例如：检索迅速、查找方便、易修改、可靠性高、存储量大、数据处理快捷、保密性好、寿命长、成本低等。
这些优点能够极大地提高对宾馆信息管理的效率。
本文根据目前国内外学者对宾馆管理系统的研究成果，借鉴他们的成功经验，对宾馆管理系统进行开发。
本文综述了前人所论述的文献，结合自己的看法，并提出自己的观点。
随着科学技术的不断提高，计算机科学的日渐成熟，使用日趋成熟的计算机技术将代替传统的人工模式，来实现宾馆信息的现代化管理，其强大的功能已为人们所深刻认识，它已进入人类社会的各个领域并发挥着越来越重要的作用。
郭真（2009）在《JSP程序设计教程》中系统地介绍了有关JSP开发所涉及的各类知识，包括JSP概述、JSP开发基础、JSP语法、JSP内置对象、JavaBean技术、Servlet技术、JSP实用组件、JSP数据库应用开发和JSP高级程序设计，并通过JSP 综合开发实例——个人博客，介绍了JSP应用的开发流程和相关技术的综合应用。
李刚（2008）在《疯狂JAVA讲义》中深入介绍了Java编程的相关知识，并且不是单纯从知识角度来讲解Java，而是从解决问题的角度来介绍Java语言，通过大量实用案例开发：五子棋游戏、梭哈游戏、仿QQ的游戏大厅等介绍了Java应用的开发流程和相关技术的综合应用。
酒店业服务质量管理研究-外文文献翻译
毕设附件外文文献翻译原文及译文(3500 字)原文Study of Service Quality Management in Hotel IndustryBorkar; SameerAbstractIt is an attempt to understand the role of quality improvement process in hospitality industry and effectiveness in making it sustainable business enterprise. It is a survey of the presently adopted quality management tools which are making the hotels operations better focused and reliable and meet the customer expectations. Descriptive research design is used to know the parameters of service quality management in hospitality industry. Exploratory research design is undertaken to dig out the service quality management practices and its effectiveness. Data analysis is done and presented; hypothesis is tested against the collected data. Since the industry continuously tries to improve upon their services to meet the levels of customer satisfaction; Study presents tools for continuous improvement process and how it benefits all the stake holders. It can be inferred from the study that the hotel implement continuous improvement process and quality management tools to remain competitive in the market. The study involves hotels of highly competitive market with limited number of respondents. This limits the study to hotel industry and has scope of including other hospitality service providers as well.Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Perception, Performance Measurement, Continuous, Improvement Process.IntroductionIt has brought paradigm shifts in the operations of hospitality industry. The overall perspective of the industry is changed due to introduction of new techniques and methods of handling various processes. Awareness among the hoteliers and the guests has fuelled the inventions focused on operations. The increased sagacity of customer satisfaction led to the use of high standards of service in industry. The new service parameters made the hoteliers to implement quality management as an effective aid. It has significantly affected hotels' ability to control and adapt to changing environments. The use of new techniques began with the simple motive of sophistication and precise activities in the given field of operation which may result in high standards of service in global economy and has allowed the rise of a leisure class.Conceptual Framework This study of Service quality management in hospitality industry is an attempt to understand the presence of quality improvement process in hospitality industry and effectiveness in making it sustainable business enterprise. It is a survey of the presently adopted quality management tools which are making the hotels operations safer, focused and reliable and meet the customer expectations.As the hospitality industry becomes more competitive there is an obvious need to retain clientele as well as increasing profitability and hence management professionals strive to improve guest satisfaction and revenues. The management professionals whom are striving for these results however often have limited understanding of research surrounding the paradigms of guest satisfaction and loyalty and financial performance. This research paper shall enlighten some of the variables and important facts of service quality resulting into guest satisfaction.Review of LiteratureCustomers of hospitality often blame themselves when dissatisfied for their bad choice. Employees must be aware that dissatisfied customers may not complain and therefore the employees should seek out sources of dissatisfaction and resolve them. (Zeithaml V., 1981, p.186 -190)It is said that service quality is what differentiates hospitality sector, however there is not an agreed definition of what service quality is. There is however a few different suggestions of how to define service quality. Dividing it into technical, functional and image components; (Greenrooms C., 1982) another is that service quality is determined by its fitness for use by internal and external customers. It is accepted that service quality is depends upon guest's needs and expectations. A definition of service quality state that quality is simply conformance to specifications, which would mean that positive quality is when a product or service specific quality meet or exceed preset standards or promises. This however seems like an easy viewwithin the hospitality industry. The alternative definitions read as follows: 1) quality is excellence; 2) quality is value for money; 3) quality is meeting or exceeding expectations. This appears better aligned with ideas which exist within hospitality management than the first mentioned simplistic approach. Service quality and value is rather difficult to calculate, companies must therefore rely on guest's quality perceptions and expectations to get consistent results which is best achieved by asking guest's questions related to expectations and their perceptions of the service quality, which can effectively be achieved through carefully designed surveys.A major problem with service quality is variability and limited capability and robustness of the service production process. (Gummesson E., 1991) Hotels consumers have well-conceived ideas about service quality and quality attributes are considered important for most types of services, the absence of certain attributes may lead consumers to perceive service quality as poor. The presence of these attributes may not substantially improve the perceived quality of the service. Most customers would be willing to trade some convenience for a price break, and that the behavior, skill level and performance of service employees are key determinants of perceived quality of services. This is a major challenge in improving or maintaining a high level of service quality. (Tigineh M. et al 1992)Studies focusing on service quality management suggest that service firms spend too little effort on planning for service quality. The resultant costs of poor service quality planning lead to lower profitability as part of the service failures.(Stuart F., et al 1996)When discussing satisfaction, it is important to understand that guest's evaluation of service comprise of two basic distinct dimensions: service delivery and service outcome (Mattila, 1999). Research indicates that how the service was delivered (perceived functional quality) is more important than the outcome of the service process (technical quality). This research clearly indicates that effort by staff have a strong effect on guest's satisfaction judgments.Companies delivering services must broaden their examination of productivity to help settle conflicts – the leverage synergies – between improving service quality and boosting service productivity. ( Parasuraman A. 2002)A key activity is to conduct regularly scheduled review of progress by quality council or working group and management must establish a system to identify areas for future improvement and to track performance with respect to internal and external customers. They must also track the changing preferences of customer. Continuous improvement means not only being satisfied with doing a good job or process. It is accomplished by incorporating process measurement and team problem solving an all work activities. Organization must continuously strive for excellence by reducing complexity, variation and out of control process. Plan-D-Study-Act (PDSA) developed by Shewhart and later on modified by Deming is an effective improvement technique. First Plan carefully, then carry out plan, study the results and check whether the plan worked exactly as intended and act on results by identifying what worked as planned and what didn't work.Continuous process improvement is the objective and these phases of PDSA are the framework to achieve those objectives. (Besterfield D. et al 2003) The 'servicescape' -is a general term to describe the physical surroundings of a service environment (Reimer 2005, p. 786) such as a hotel or cruise ship. Guests are sometimes unconsciously trying to obtain as much information as possible through experiences to decrease information asymmetries This causes guests to look for quality signals or cues which would provide them with information about the service, which leads us to 'cue utilization theory'. Cue utilization theory states that products or services consist of several arrays of cues that serve as surrogate indicators of product or service quality. There are both intrinsic and extrinsic cues to help guests determine quality. Consequentially, due to the limited tangibility of services, guests are often left to accept the price of the experience and the physical appearance or environment of the hotel or cruise ship itself as quality indicators. Though there are many trade and academic papers discussing guest satisfaction has been published, one can note that limited attention has been paid to the value perception and expectations guests have towards product delivery and influence price guests pay for an experience has on satisfaction and future spending. Furthermore it is also known that the role of pricing in relation to guest determinants of perceived quality of services. This is a major challenge in improving or maintaining a high level of service quality. (Tigineh M. et al 1992) Studies focusing on service quality management suggest that service firms spend too little effort on planning for service quality.The resultant costs of poor service quality planning lead to lower profitability as part of the service failures. (Stuart F., et al 1996)When discussing satisfaction, it is important to understand that guest's evaluation of service comprise of two basic distinct dimensions: service delivery and service outcome (Mattila, 1999). Research indicates that how the service was delivered (perceived functional quality) is more important than the outcome of the service process (technical quality). This research clearly indicates that effort by staff have a strong effect on guest's satisfaction judgments. Companies delivering services must broaden their examination of productivity to help settle conflicts –the leverage synergies –between improving service quality and boosting service productivity. ( Parasuraman A. 2002)Telephonic conversation with peers and friends in hospitality industry worked a wonder giving lots of inputs in drafting this paper. Secondary data sources- For this study, data sources such as hospitality journals, Books on service quality management, organization behavior, URL on internet of various hospitality majors. Referring hospitality publications were helpful in knowing the current inventions in industry.Research Tools: Descriptive research design is used to know the attributes of service quality management in hospitality industry. Exploratory research design is undertaken to dig out the service quality management practices and its effectiveness. Data analysis is done and presented in tables. The hypothesis is tested against the collected data.Hypotheses: The hypotheses framed for the subject areHypothesis 1: Implementing service quality management as a tool for improvement in Customer Satisfaction.Hypothesis 2: Practicing Continuous Improvement program has benefited hotel. Limitation & Scope of the Study: Though there was a specific questionnaire used for collecting information, the objective of the paper was well discussed with the every contributor and whatever the information was provided by these sources is arranged for further analysis. The analysis of the available data is done on the relevance to the topic. The effectiveness of the technology in conservation of resources was always a point of consideration. The data is sifted for making it as precise as possible.Analysis and DiscussionsThere is a significant relationship between service quality management and customer satisfaction. In hospitality industry, the customer satisfaction variables such as Availability, Access, Information, Time, delivery of service, availability of personal competence, Comfortable and safer atmosphere and pollution free environment are of prime concern to every hotelier. The industry continuously tries to improve upon their services to meet the levels of customer satisfaction.The intangible nature of the service as a product means that it could be very difficult to place quantifiable terms on the features that contribute to the quality and measurement of the quality of the product is a problem for Service quality management.The customer is frequently directly involved in the delivery of the service and as such introduces an unknown and unpredictable influence on the process. The customer variability in the process makes it difficult to determine the exact requirements of the customer and what they regard as an acceptable standard of service.This problem is magnified as it is often judgmental, based on personal preferences or even mood, rather than on technical performance that can be measured. Every hotel has a target market to cater which has very specific requirement in terms of expected and perceived quality of service.The customers come with different perception of quality every time they come to hotel and this makes it quite difficult to define quality and set the level of it. It requires hotel to continuously compare their perception against customer perception in terms of satisfaction measurement with performance measurement. The study has shown that the effective tools which management of various hotels uses for continuous improvement process and how it is dissipated amongst all the stake holders.译文酒店业服务质量管理研究博卡;萨米尔摘要本文旨在研究酒店业中质量改进过程的作用以及如何有效地推动企业的可持续发展。
酒店管理系统外文翻译
外文翻译1：Chapte r1Introduction1。
1 BackgroundAs computer technology develops，computer management system has gonedeep inomany differentareas。
At the same time，hotels arealso seeking anewwayofcomputermanagement，whic hcan suit their business well。
Sothat the ycanmake themanagement more centralized，responsefaster，economicefficiencyimproved and decrease the cost of running and management. However，current hotelmanagement softwareisusually developed for large hotels,w hichcosts too much andiscomplicate d for medium orsmall hotels a ndmulti—functiona l hot els。
So it seems quiteimportantto develop a management system that canwidely suit medium and small hotels。
D eveloping a hotel management system with thecomplexofcomputeran d network technology notonlycanimprove the management efficiency，butalsoincrease the e conomicefficiency, decreasethecostofrunning and management ，andrealize thesharingof resources 。
宾馆客房管理系统的设计与实现 毕业设计
宾馆客房管理系统的设计与实现毕业设计JIU JIANG UNIVERSITY毕业论文题目宾馆客房管理系统的实现英文题目 The Realization of the Hotel RoomManagement System院系信息科学与技术学院专业计算机科学与技术姓名曾志伟班级学号 A081130指导教师殷明芳二○一二年五月信息科学与技术学院学士学位论文摘要计算机的应用普及到经济和社会生活的各个领域，使原来的旧的管理方法越来越不适应现在社会的发展。
在宾馆客房管理中，也存在着这种问题，为了提高办事效率，需要开发一套操作简单方便的管理系统。
宾馆客房管理系统属于信息管理系统，其开发主要包括后台数据库的建立和维护以及前台应用程序的开发两个方面。
对于前者要求建立数据一致性和完整性、数据安全性好的数据库。
而对于后者则要求应用程序功能完备，易使用等特点。
系统主要完成对客房住宿、信息查询的管理，其中添加、修改、删除，查询，打印信息以及用户管理等方面也是主要的。
系统的核心是添加、修改和删除三者之间的联系，每一个表的修改都将联动的影响其它的表，系统有完整的用户添加、删除、密码修改功能。
本系统是一个界面友好，操作简单，基本满足用户需求的管理系统。
关键词：宾馆客房，数据库，管理系统信息科学与技术学院学士学位论文AbstractPopularity of computer applications to economic and social life in all areas, so that their old methods of management are now more suited to the development of society. Management in the hotel rooms, there are such problems, in order to improve efficiency, need to develop a simple and convenient management system.Hotel Room Management system is an information management system, its development including the establishment and maintenance of back-end database application development and front two. For the former requires the establishment of data consistency and integrity, data security and good database. For the latter requires the application fully functional, easy to use and so on. System is mainly to complete the room information management, including add, modify, delete, query, print management, information, and six users. Core of the system is to add, modify, and delete the link between the three, each table will modify the impact of other linked tables, a complete system users to add, delete, modify the password function.The system is a user-friendly, simple, basic management systems to meet user needs.Keywords: Hotel Rooms, Database, Management Systems信息科学与技术学院学士学位论文目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1 绪论1.1开发背景及意义 (1)1.2 论文结构 (1)2 需求分析2.1 可行性分析 (2)2.2 系统功能分析 (3)2.3 实体—联系图及数据流图 (4)2.4 系统用例图 (8)2.5 系统采用的相关技术 (9)2.6小结 (10)3 系统设计3.1 系统的功能设计 (11)3.2 系统的结构设计 (12)3.3 数据库设计 (14)信息科学与技术学院学士学位论文3.4 小结 (19)4 系统实现4.1 界面实现 (21)4.2 数据库实现 (22)4.3 功能模块实现 (23)4.4 本章小结 (35)5 系统测试与维护5.1 系统测试 (36)5.2 系统的维护 (44)5.3 小结 (44)总结 (45)致谢 (46)参考文献 (47)信息科学与技术学院学士学位论文1绪论1.1开发背景及意义随着科学技术的不断提高，计算机科学日渐成熟，其强大的功能已被人们所认识，它已进入人类社会的各个领域并发挥着越来越重要的作用。
宾馆管理系统的设计与实现 文献翻译
单位代码10学号分类号TP315密级文献翻译JSP 概述院（系）名称专业名称学生姓名指导教师20 年 3 月29日英文译文JSP 概述马克约翰逊这些秘决通过使用Java2企业版 1.4标准开发包开发的。
你能在htttp:///j2ee/1.4/download-dr.html下载到这个开发包。
这个技术秘决是由马克约翰逊所写，他是elucify通信技术的老总并且是用J2EE平台2版来设计企业应用程序的作者。
马克约翰逊经营了一个关于秘决讨论的开放论坛。
JSP的开发背景及发展历史在万维网短暂的历史中，万维网已经从一个大部分显示静态信息的网络演化到对股票进行交易和进行购书操作的一个基础设施。
在各种各样的应用程序中，对于可能使用的基于Web的客户端，看上去没有任何限制。
基于浏览器客户端的应用程序比传统的基于客户机/服务器的应用程序有几个好处。
这些好处包括几乎没有限制的客户端访问和极其简化的应用程序部署和管理（要更新一个应用程序，管理人员只需要更改一个基于服务器的程序，而不是成千上万的安装在客户端的应用程序）。
这样，软件工业正迅速地向建造基于浏览器客户端的多层次应用程序迈进。
这些快速增长的精巧的基于Web的应用程序要求开发技术上的改进。
静态HTML 对于显示相对静态的内容是不错的选择；新的挑战在于创建交互的基于Web的应用程序，在这些程序中，页面的内容是基于用户的请求或者系统的状态，而不是预先定义的文字。
对于这个问题的一个早期解决方案是使用CGI-BIN接口。
开发人员编写与接口相关的单独的程序，以及基于Web的应用程序，后者通过Web服务器来调用前者。
这个方案有着严重的扩展性问题——每个新的CGI要求在服务器上新增一个进程。
如果多个用户并发地访问该程序，这些进程将消耗该Web服务器所有的可用资源，并且系统性能会降低到极其低下的地步。
某些Web服务器供应商已经尝试通过为他们的服务器提供“插件”和API来简化Web应用程序的开发。
酒店客房管理系统设计英文翻译
英文翻译Development opens which along with the our country foreign economy, people's material level gradually enhances, people's spiritual life also starts to tend to richly colorful. In the family and the periphery life circle has not been able to satisfy them to the life the pursue, in order to rich cultural life and own entertainment, the people more and more tend to egress the traveling using the vacation. This enable the tourism to obtain the rapid development, also obtained the swift and violent development as the traveling service important constituent - hotel industry. But the market like battlefield, the hotel must meet this challenge, must sharpen the whole competitive ability, but must sharpen the whole competitive ability to have to transform the hotel the management pattern, must raise the management level, implements the information construction is without doubt realizes this goal way that must be taken and the unwise action. At present, our country hotel service industry information management advancement is slow, compares the management with the overseas hotel still to fall behind. In the intense hotel industry competition, how can grasp the opportunity day by day, maintains own superiority ,stands to the invincible position? This needs to provide the best service, provides the most perfect facility and the most advanced technology. A successful hotel, its operator not only must raise the service level and the grade of service, enhances guest room and customer turning head rate by this, but also must have the good working efficiency to control the cost. In the information time, more importantly also must have to have a perfect management information system, realizes the hotel management automation, the standard izationin the overall and the human nature, causes the hotel management to manage by the experience transfers the scientific management. In order to follow modernized the rhythm, satisfies the tourism the demand, the hotel management information imperative, in the guest room management, took in particular a traveling city, facing which increases day by day, comfortably provides for them, the warm lodgings environment, propagandizes the hotel by this, promotes the hotel-1-well-known ness, is the strategic target which the hotel superintendent must implement. Therefore I chose have taken my graduation project topic in view of the guest room management hotel management system management system.Now travels in the city hotel operation situation take Hangzhou as the example, separately from the star class distribution, the hiring rate two aspects briefly analyzes the current hotel industry present situation. According to the Hangzhou traveling committee statistics, to December 31, 2005, the Hangzhou urban district (including BinJiang, Xiaoshan and the Yuhang area) altogether has star class hotel203, five star classes hotel 4, four star classes 25, three star classes 66, two star classes 103, star class 5.Looked from the hiring rate that, Hang zhou four, five star classes hotel whole year the hiring rate maintains at 70% above level, five star classes whole year average hiring rate 75.24%; Four star classes whole year average hiring rate 72.05%. Pale, the busy season is obvious, five star classes hotels in March, in April, in June and in October hiring rate can achieve above 80%, in January and in December is in the off season, but the hiring rate can maintain above 60%. How four, can five star classes hotel hiring rate be such high? The most main reason is these hotel attention information management, the hotel management and computer in close integration with, carries on through the computer information management system to the hotel daily business modernized the scientific management, enhances the hotel image, the scale and the service level by this. This not only causes staff 'slabor intensity to reduce, the working efficiency increases, more over can fast dispatch the hotel various departments the work, real-time dynamic grasps the hotel the management condition, thus brings the good economic efficiency and the social efficiency for the enterprise.The management information system (Management Information System is called MIS) is an information science branch, is by the person, the computer and the database is composed can carry on the information the collection, the transmission, the storage, the processing, the maintenance and the use system. The hotel computer-2-management system is in a MIS important branch, it realizes is the computer management system in hotel concrete application.In recent years, along with our country reform and open policy development, domestic hotel service industry obtained the development which changes with each new day. The modern hotel took integrated there caption place, is a traveling city window, also may say is a small society. Take travels the profession speaking of as the pillar industry city, the hotel industry also played the pivotal role. Serves the primarily tourism as one kind, the various countries profession value degree certainly is not inferior to other industries regarding this.Hotel in its operation period, the service level height, directly affects the hotel image and the prestige, for example: The service arrangement, dispatches whether thoroughly; Whether visitor's request can be rapid, obtains well satisfies; The market forecast an alyzes quickly, is whether accurate and so on. This core is to every day the massive information (visitor, expense, room and so on) correct processing and preservation. Uses the computer this modernization tool to take the management the auxiliary method is must. The computer application including OA (office automation), MIS (management information system), CAD (computer-aided design) and so on, the hotel computer system is precisely the typical MIS application. This hotel management information system, is aims at, the business management which the hotel the concrete service develops take the hotel guest room management as a core, provides, the highly effective service rapidly for the user, reduces manual processing tediously with the error, is prompt, accurately reflects the hotel the working condition, the operating condition, thus enhances the hotel the grade of service, and the coordinate modernization hotel management, obtains the better economic efficiency. Speaking of the economic efficiency, the hotel computer application is: (1) is indirect: Its economic efficiency is not directly produces, is through, may stop up many loopholes which to the manpower, the physical resource saves brings. (2) long term: The computer investment is bigger, is gradually obtains the repayment in the long-term application. (3) social efficiency: The hotel is a high level service industry,-3-uses the computer to be possible to improve the grade of service, has the good social image.The overseas hotel management system management system most early is develops to the beginning of the age, to 80's, overseas hotel management system management system, like EECO (Electronic Engineering CO.) HIS (Hotel Information System), CLS, Lodgistix and so on, the entire pattern has basically finalized, technology maturer, the function is also more complete. Now, the overseas hotel is developing to the individuality direction, the hotel according to its management way may divide into commerce hotel, long living hotel, vacation hotel and so on; May divide into the independent management hotel, the group according to its management form manages the hotel and so on. More over has produced large quantities of international levels hotel, like Hylton (Hilton Hotels Corp), Sheraton (Sheraton Corp)triumphantly, the holiday (Holiday Corp), is pleased (Hyatt Hotel Corp) and so on the group company's world hotel.The domestic hotel computer management system most early is starts in the beginning of the 80's, is engaged in Professor Jin Guo fen, Xi'an Jiao tong University and Zhejiang Province institute of computer technology which this aspect works has Tsinghua University automation department. To the 80's in the later period, along with the overseas hotel computer system and the advanced management technology large-scale introduction, further promoted our country hotel management technology development. The domestic hotel management system management system is precisely in the full absorption overseas management system management system essence, in the union domestic actual situation gradually develops maturely, has formed several maturer software systems to the 90's initial period, simultaneously had many specialties to be engaged in the hotel computer management system the company. Quite influential has in the Hangzhou Western Europe Foxhis hotel management system management system, Beijing the soft good peaceful CSHIS management system management system, north the national capital meter hotel-4-management system management system and the Guangzhou ten thousand rapid splendid steeds hotel management system management system.To the 90's intermediate stages, along with the computer in hotel popularization application, as well as the computer technology unceasing development, a hotel computer system development new time, the new system platform, the new software function, the new system characteristic and the development direction unceasingly emerged.The 1980s, the reform and open policy flood tide is attacking the motherland. Along with Chinese foreign window opening, comes the Chinese traveling, to do business, the investment, the official business foreign friend grows day by day, China's hotel industry for adapts this new change, changes the sole state-owned economy form for the diversified economies form. The chinese-foreign joint venture hotel (hereafter refers to as joint capital hotel) is one of main forms.The chinese-foreign joint venture management hotel, beyond the border the investor pours into the new fund to the hotel, the purchase international standard facility equipment, has introduced the international hotel industry advanced management science, has attacked the Chinese old hotel management management pattern, the hotel industry has brought the fresh vigor for China. In the specific historical environment, the chinese-foreign joint venture management hotel, "software" (namely management and service) the difference condition got up the indelible positive role regarding the Chinese hotel industry change. Just like emancipates the mind not to be able to do the indiscriminate westernization to be same, the international hotel industry modernization managerial experience is not performs overall to imitate can do one’s better. Along with date and time passing, originally covered to pools capital the successful under insufficiency gradually to be revealed. Said regarding the modernized advanced management science that, must bloom the bright flower on Chinese this soil, its process can be similar to the introduction fund and equipment such in no way" gets quick results". But said regarding China's hotel industry, the needs to have an absorption, the digestion-5-"develops the good and discard the bad" the process. In brief, is the chinese-foreign joint venture hotel management must have the Chinese characteristic. This is the unique environment decision which locates by the hotel industry management characteristic and the joint capital hotel.The hotel sale mainly is not a material object, but is the invisible product - service, namely the service personnel completes some work or the duty behavior for the passenger. This is one kind "serves the form existence consumable" ("Marx the Engels Complete works" 26th volume I,160th page) the service person relies on "helps sells" the material object, gives the consumer in on in physiological, the sense organ and psychological satisfying with is comfortable. Serves this kind of consumable is cannot be stored, the disposable expense special product, in addition its invisible characteristic, thus has caused the difficulty which sells, the hotel carries on with difficulty the product the mathematical quantification the description. The hotel sufficiently attracts the passenger to visit the expense is not its visible property, but is the intangible asset - hotel good public image and the social prestige. The sales promotion serves this kind of immaterial product salesman is the hotel service person, the creation good image and the prestige this kind of intangible asset main body also is the service person, traveler expends the service the process also is the service person produces serves and sells the service at the same time, the service person is shouldering the service and the sales promotion dual function.The joint capital hotel are many for the suitable scale touches on foreign affairs the star class hotel, take beyond the border traveler as main reception object. Beyond the border traveler mostly comes from to the tourism developed country, there traveling standard is high, they to our country tourist facility, specially to serve, all weighs it by the international standard. The hotel management finally all must carry out the grade of service to come up. Joint capital hotel, no matter pools capital concrete form how, no matter the scale size, the general first lines service person generally speaking all is the Chinese citizens. Suspends in front of the joint capital hotel superintendent's duty, how carries on the manpower management under the new-6-situation, how arouses the staff enthusiasm, how optimizes service person's working conditions and the psychological environment, enables it to deliver the high quality service product. Said regarding the outside superintendent and Chinese superintendents, the question proposed the angle different.The joint capital hotel in present stage China, its management pattern mostly is by the outside primarily under, the implementation board of directors leads general manager responsibility system this kind of straight line management pattern. Each kind of position presses the vertical system establishment in this kind of management pattern, hotel general manager, the main department until the complete department's regular duty superintendents basically holds the post by the outside, Chinese superintendent are many no matter what deputy. Hotel overall situation (various departments also so) the direction and the management function basically undertakes by general manager, about the hotel complies with the single command. The outside emphasized the hotel management the standardization, the sequencing, emphasize superintendent's duty, the responsibility, the power three unifications. This kind of pattern has everywhere manifested west "the government by law" management thought Serious and the scientific nature. In the joint capital initial period, the management backwardness which the system brings facing long-term "the mess", the attitude is lax, this kind "cuts the go rdian knot" the management pattern is effective quickly, caused the hotel to change the mental outlook, has obtained the economic efficiency. But, crossed soon, this all at once procedure if said it causes the staff which has the complex point of view to adapt with difficulty, was inferior to said it could not adapt China's national condition. In at present social economy still in not the developed history cultural context, the social phenomenon which the west imagined with difficulty actually was objectively exists in China, it take people's wish as the shift, was affecting the hotel management and the management. Therefore, the joint capital hotel summons both to have the scientific nature and to suit the Chinese national condition the management pattern. China's hotel management must enter the-7-international advanced level ranks, must have to have the bright Chinese characteristic.The service production and the sales promotion main force certainly is the young service person, how correctly understands them, transfers their work enthusiasm and the creativity, this is the hotel management crucial question, namely manpower management. At the beginning of the reform and open policy, the opening young people felt "the secured job" it "the iron" meant loses "the gold". They in order to pursue each kind of happy second level of goal, flushed the joint capital hotel income high first level of goal to come. In the joint capital hotel has the outside superintendent thought that, "Under the generous recompense must have the brave husband", so long as with the bonus, the high salary and fines this kind "the big stick adds the carrot" the policy, so long as had the human nature supposition X theory on sufficiently to manage the good joint capital hotel the human resources. Has never realized, "the generous recompense" under everywhere has "the brave husband" by no means, has "the brave husband" at times, the theory only is only then has its validity in the specific space and time. The time tidal current no doubt enable the young staff to have the demand which the high-quality matter enjoys, but the low level demand quite is after all easy to obtain satisfies. After the low level demand meets the public relations need, the respect demand, the self-realization demand which produces (horse Edgar Snow "human basic need level" theory) the pursue, is they completes the service work the powerful power. These high levels demands Satisfies receive the time the influence, also inevitably is bringing the China traditional culture profound trace. The new tidal current and the old tradition mutually interweave to the young staff's influence, also has positively, also has negatively. Also needs to have to the young staff's effective management and the effective drive develops Positive, the suppression, the elimination Positive Chinese characteristic.Joint capital hotel outside superintendent, process practice, also knew its joint capital hotel China melts the importance, explores the way which its China melts. For several years, as a result of our country and other some developing nations and the-8-hotel industry developed country joint capital hotel sharp increase, the outside sent out the massive administrative personnel, the person which including regarding to be far away the familiar life and the working conditions for a long time come China to work extremely are glad by no means. Moreover sends out the person have been many, the outside hotel management group also has too many problems to tackle, the talented person short worry. In this kind of situation, they hoped China administrative personnel can its be advanced, the science management learns the hand, can hold the post of the main duty, divides selects the group in the Chinese joint capital hotel shoulder pole. After Chinese and foreign both sides superintendents' endeavor, also indeed had many China administrative personnel already to substitute for the outside personnel to carry on manages. These Chinese superintendents unify the Chinese national condition, with learns the hand advanced management technology to carry on the management; Perhaps the attempt handles matters according to the veteran, puts on the new shoes to walk the old route; Perhaps Cannot learn the west, copies mechanically and applies slavishly. This has the significant practical significance to the joint capital hotel management Chinese characteristic.Thus, in the joint capital hotel manpower management question, is interweaving the outside superintendent and Chinese service people, the outside superintendent and Chinese superintendent, Chinese superintendent and Chinese service person, the hotel and the society mutually between synthesis wrong relations.Using the labor aspect, the initial period joint capital hotel aims at "the mess" the system, in view of the management administration and the service boarding house, by "the hard face, the hard skill, the hard feelings" copes with "the secured job, the hard wages, the iron armchair". Once the staff offends the rules and regulations discipline, the outside superintendent advocated strictly carries out the system, from each kind of weight fine, punishes removes a name, "cuts" the blood drippings. Once, the aspect started to have the change, boss has fired the staff "the squid" to evolve the staff fired boss "the squid" the retaliation. Because, along with the reform deepening, the competition has also given in the colleague industry and the society other professions-9-has provided the equal opportunity, has also provided the equal opportunity for the service person. The two-way job choice result is some person of quilts "digs" walks, strongly shoulders the person which the quick rhythm the work enable to be too tied to do that more , the administrative personnel excessive authority consciousness and the improper management way expels some people. The joint capital hotel staff's basic troop constituted has had the change. Because skilled service person's draining, the hotel can not but let the novice which only passes through not regularly trains go against the post, they with difficulty effectively guaranteed to the grade of service. The staff fluidity is not greatly perfect with the work legal system, the social welfare system waits for the consummation, between the colleague industry lacks the information exchange related department. For example, the hotel and service person's work contract lacks the true restriction strength. Also like the service person which has them is deeds in a hotel, another did not know the details also hired. This kind of social objective reality, is not pools capital the hotel to be allowed to change, also is not may for a while the radical change. The joint capital hotel must base the present situation, seeks the stable service person troop the brilliant plan.-10-。
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大连理工大学毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系：计算机系专业：计算机科学与技术*名：**学号：**********附件1：外文资料翻译译文酒店管理系统集成服务1简介人们普遍认为，网络的作用，服务于企业无疑是重要的。
越来越多的商业软件系统扩展他们的能力通过使用网络技术服务。
今天的电子商务不仅是使用网络传输业务数据或支持人互动与动态网页页面，但从根本上改变了网络服务。
万维网财团的可扩展标记语言（语言）和可扩展样式表语言（XML）是标准中所界定的利益的出版和内容重用和正越来越多地被部署在该网站的建设服务。
因为是看作为标准消息格式，它可以绑在一起成千上万的系统编程的数以百计的编程语言。
任何的程序可以被映射到网络服务，同时也可以映射任何网络服务程序。
在本文中，我们提出一个下一代商业系统酒店业，充分整合酒店前台系统，性能管理系统，客户关系管理系统，质量管理系统，后台系统和中央预订系统分布在不同的地点。
我们发现，该系统大大提高酒店的客人和酒店的经验，在酒店业务工作流程。
因为目前的技术已相当成熟，似乎非困难整合现有系统和新系统（例如，基于网络的应用程序或移动应用）。
然而，目前在酒店行业有一些真正的综合系统的使用，因为有这么多异构系统存在和可扩展性，维修，价格，安全问题成为巨大的是克服。
从我们的研究一体化集团酒店预订系统（ghirs），仍然有挑战整合企业信息系统（信息系统），企业信息门户系统（信息门户），客户关系管理系统（客户关系管理）供应链管理系统（单片机）一起，因为标准化，安全性和可扩展性的问题，虽然ghirs是几个一体化解决方案增加或扩大酒店软件系统在任何规模的连锁酒店环境。
我们开发的这一系统，整合业务流程管理的酒店使用网络服务和软件集成技术。
在本文中，我们首先描述一个场景的酒店预订和讨论之间的相互作用ghirs与人类。
其次分析细节设计和实施这一制度。
结果和影响的研究的发展，ghirs显示后来的一部分。
最后，我们讨论的一些问题仍然需要加以改进和未来可能的发展方向。
2个酒店预订：一个商业案例研究我们最初的思想发展ghirs是尽量减少人类互动的系统。
自ghirs柔性和自动化，它提供了明确的好处都酒店顾客和饭店员工，尤其对集团客户和集团酒店公司。
集团公司通常有很多旅馆，饭店，度假村，主题公园或赌场在不同的地点。
例如，香格里拉酒店集团数以百计的酒店在世界各地不同的国家。
这些群体有一定的顾客喜欢在酒店消费属于同一个组，因为他们是会员组可以有个人服务。
第一步的剧本酒店预订的是消费者的计划和期待一个酒店的位置，价格或任何他的标准确定酒店。
然后他提出保留通过电话，传真，互联网，或邮件，或只是通过他的旅行社。
当酒店员工收到请求，他们第一次看他们是否可以提供有效服务。
如果有足够的资源在饭店，他们准备客房，餐饮、运输请求并发送回确认。
在最后的客人到达和检查。
业务流程相当简单；然而，到完成所有这些任务繁重双方消费者和酒店没有一个高效集成的酒店管理系统。
电话可能是一个很好的方式让一个预订因为它超越了极限时间和空间。
客人可以打电话给酒店在任何时间、任何地点。
然而，它的成本当酒店是远离城市，特别是酒店客人的生活；坐落在一个不同的国家。
另外，如果有一组四或五人订在一起，这将需要很长的时间，酒店员工的所有记录他们所需要的信息。
预订的旅行社节省消费者的时间和成本，但仍有数百万工作做代理。
他们收集要求从消费者，然后分配到适当的目的地酒店。
因为这些酒店不要使用同一系统（这些数以千计的酒店可以使用数以百计的管理系统），有人，代理或酒店工作人员，必须面对的问题，如何处理信息从不同的来源有不同的酒店管理系统不同的目的地。
网络服务的工具，成为解决这些问题。
我们的服务整合该网站的服务器和酒店管理系统，和大家受益。
预订房间方便随时随地使用ghirs成为可能。
消费者浏览网站和发现酒店用他的电脑，掌上电脑或移动电话（无线应用协议的支持），之后他的身份被接受，他可以预订预订。
2几分钟后，他可以得到确认从酒店用手机发短信消息或多媒体消息，或电子邮件发送给他的电子邮件帐户或只是确认在动态网页，如果他没有离开网站。
本响应时间可能需要一段时间，因为当酒店秉承追求，在某些情况下，酒店工作人员应检查是否有干净空房左。
网络服务是一个标准接口，所有的旅行社可以处理，收集和分布信息很容易通过互联网预订。
当预订请求承认，酒店工作人员准备的房间，饮食，和运输为客人。
由于信息已经存储在数据库中，每个部分在酒店链可以分享、一起正确。
例如，工作人员在办公楼前，客房部可以为客人准备房间根据数据，工作人员回到办公室可以库存材料餐饮和酒店经理可以检查的目的商业报告在企业信息门户集成ghirs他的浏览器。
房间rent-ratio报告，房态报告，每日收入报告其它实时业务所产生的报告。
管理人员可以访问任何的组报告任何酒店的系统。
在后一部分本文中，我们将展示如何消费者，代理商，和酒店工作人员可以有效地一起工作的ghirs。
ghirs扩展为小到大的连锁酒店管理公司，特别适合酒店集团。
它的真正腾飞无缝连接到全球分布系统，从而提供全球存取。
它还提供了实时在线预订，通过互联网。
3结合的酒店管理系统3.1存在的系统ghirs是基础上发展起来的一个存在的酒店管理系统foxhistm。
foxhistm股份的最大部分软件市场在酒店业中国。
foxhistm版本5具有分布式客户机/服务器架构，服务器经营sco-unix客户端运行微软视窗和使用数据库对操作系统。
该系统包括前台系统，物业管理系统，质量管理体系，人力资源管理系统，企业信息门户系统（信息门户），客户关系管理系统（客户关系管理）供应链管理系统（单片机）。
该系统主要是基于网络环境。
大部分工作是做在一酒店的酒店。
它没有客户自助服务。
如果消费者想预订房间，酒店工作人员在当地饭店必须帮助客人记录了他的请求，虽然已经做了很多foxhistm系统自动工作。
当系统部署在不同的酒店，都属于一个集团，共享数据成为一个问题。
举个例子，如果集团拥有十家酒店，会有至少有十个本地数据库来存储用户数据。
因为酒店需要真正的时间响应的系统，所以这十个酒店不能部署一个中央数据库不在同一局域网。
因此，客人可以有不同的记录在不同的酒店和信息不能共享。
以网路服务为这些数据接口，可方便地更换。
3.2设计记得我们最初的思想部署ghirs是节省酒店员工，旅行社与消费者的劳动工作，该系统是连接所有环节的酒店业务链。
显示消费者如何，代理，酒店工作人员一起合作有效的系统。
消费者如何，代理和酒店工作人员一起工作消费者可以分为2类。
一个是会员酒店集团，谁拥有不同类别的会员和获得好处折扣或特价提供的。
这些消费者通常贡献很大一部分酒店的利润是作为贵宾。
酒店简介，偏好和会员帐户现状。
另一类是普通客人。
所有这些不同的客人和旅游代理谁可以和许多其他酒店面临的网络接口，让他们做一个预约。
常见的客人，只是要求他输入系统预订信息如姓名，联系信息，到达和离开系统。
中央处理服务器分发信息适当的酒店。
自服务技术非常适合提交文件在长时间运行的业务流程，酒店工作人员可以轻松地处理这些数据和从数据库管理系统和应用服务器。
为会员酒店，用户只输入会员号和密码，房间信息，到达出发日期，然后完成请求。
因为酒店保持成员的形象，和系统交换剖面在所有酒店集团的服务，酒店员工不同的酒店可以知道客人的个人需求和提供更好的服务。
代理工作的消费者受益ghirs以及。
他们也可以让消费者和网络服务的接口是开放的，它很容易桥梁系统酒店管理系统。
ghirs部署之前，该代理商应单独和过程中保留的数据和分配给不同的酒店，这是一项繁重的工作。
但现在代理商可以只按一按钮和所有酒店预订发送到目的地。
酒店的工作人员收到的所有请求从不同来源。
一些政策适用应答请求。
例如，一些非常重要的客人的要求是通过自动确认，客人可以得到承认在非常短时间。
请求触发所有连锁酒店业务流程和所有准备工作完成之前，他的到来。
但对于普通客户，酒店员工将检查的预期日期是否有空和清洁房间。
因为所有的foxhistm组件集成在一起，用户不需要员工改变计算机接口查询房间状态。
如果它是一个有效的请求足够的客人的信息和有足够的空间，确认发送回来。
如果没有足够的空置房，酒店的工作人员会问客人是否愿意等待时间或转移到其他宾馆的酒店集团或联盟酒店。
为转移客人的要求，数据流从本地数据库到中央服务器通过本地网站服务器，然后传递到另一个数据库的酒店服务接口。
3.3实现今天有很多的平台，可以提供能力整合不同系统和提供其他功能，如安全和工作负载平衡。
主要产品是企业版本（高级）和。
他们提供了非常相同的洗衣清单的特点，虽然以不同的方式。
我们选择。
网络平台的编程环境，然而，这里我们不主的平台是好还是不。
我们的目标是整合这些分散分布系统。
事实上，这两个平台的支持和肥皂来完成我们的任务。
我们使用微软的互联网信息服务（者）作为网络服务器和数据库数据库服务器。
防火墙单独的本地网络的公共网络。
这是非常重要的，从安全角度。
每个酒店的集团有数据库服务器，应用服务器和网站服务器部署多层系统包括用户界面表示层，业务层，业务逻辑层和数据访问层。
C#是通过编程语言为核心的可执行部分。
是数据交换的标准格式。
附件2：外文原文（复印件）1 IntroductionIt is generally accepted that the role of web services in businesses is undoubtedly important. More and more commercial software systems extend their capability and power by using web services technology. Today the e-commerce is not merely using internet to transfer business data or supporting people to interact with dynamic web page,but are fundamentally changed by web services. The World Wide Web Consortium's eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and the eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) are standards defined in the interest of multi-purpose publishing and content reuse and are increasingly being deployed in the construction of web services. Since XML is looked as the canonical message format, it could tie together thousands of systems programmed by hundreds of programming languages. Any program can be mapped into web service, while any web service can also be mapped into program . In this paper, we present a next generation commercial system in hotel industry that fully integrates the hotel Front Office system, Property Management System, Customer Relationship Management System, Quality Management system, Back Office system and Central Reservations System distributed in different locations. And we found that this system greatly improves both the hotel customer and hotel officer’s experiences in the hotel business work flow. Because current technologies are quite mature, it seems non difficulty to integrate the existing system and the new coming systems (for example, web-based applications or mobile applications). However, currently in hotel industry there are few truly integrated systems used because there are so many heterogeneous systems already exist and scalability, maintenance, price, security issues then become huge to be overcome. From our study on Group Hotel Integration Reservation System (GHIRS), there are still challenges to integrate Enterprise Information System (EIS), Enterprise Information Portal system (EIP), Customer Relationship Management system (CRM) and Supply Chain Management system (SCM) together because of standardization, security and scalability problems, although GHIRS is one of few integration solutions to add or expand hotel software system in any size of hotel chains environment.We developed this system to integrate the business flow of hotel management by using web services and software integration technologies. In this paper, firstly we describe a scenario of hotel reservation and discuss the interaction between GHIRS and human. Secondly we analyse details of design and implementation of this system. The result and implications of the studies on the development of GHIRS are shown in the later part. Finally we discuss some problems still need to be improved and possible future directions of development.2 Hotel Reservation: A Business Case StudyOur initial thinking to develop GHIRS is to minimize the human interaction with the system. Since GHIRS is flexible and automated, it offers clear benefits for both hotel customers and hotel staff, especially for group hotel customers and group hotel companies. Group hotel companies usually have lots of hotels, restaurants, resorts, theme parks or casinos in different locations. For example, Shangri-La group has hundreds of hotels in different countries all over the world. These groups have certain customers who prefer to consume in hotels belong to the same group because they are membership of the group and can have individual services.The first step of a scenario of hotel reservation is that the consumer plans and looks for a hotel according the location, price or whatever his criteria and then decides the hotel. Then he makes a reservation by telephone, fax, internet, or mail, or just through his travel agent. When hotel staff receives the request, they first look if they can provide available services. If there is enough resource in the hotel, they prepare the room, catering and transportation for the request and send back acknowledgement. At last the guest arrives and checks in. The business flow is quite simple; however, to accomplish all these tasks is burdensome for both the consumer side and the hotel side without an efficient and integrated hotel management system.Telephone may be a good way to make a reservation because it is beyond the limit of time and space. Guests can call hotels at any time and any place. However, it costs much when the hotel is far away from the city where guest lives; especially the hotel locates in a different country. More over, if there is a group of four or five people to make reservation together, it would take a long time for hotel staff to record all the information they need. Making reservation by travel agent saves consumers’ time and cost, but there is still millions of work for agent to do. They gather the requirements from consumers, then distribute to proper destination hotels. Because these hotels don’t use a same system (these thousands of hotels may use hundreds of ma nagement systems), someone, agent or hotel staff, must face the problem how to handle information from different sources with different hotel management systems to different destinations.Web service becomes the tool to solve these problems. Our web services integrate the web server and hotel management system together, and everyone gets benefit. Booking a room easily anywhere and anytime becomes possible by using GHIRS. Consumer browses websites and finds hotel using his PC, PDA or mobile phone (WAP supported), after his identity is accepted, he can book a reservation. Two minutes later he can get the acknowledgement from the hotel by mobile phone text message or multimedia message, or email sent to his email account or just acknowledgement on the dynamic web page, if he hasn’t leave the website. The response time may take a little longer because when the hotel receives the quest, in some circumstance, hotel staff should check if there is clean and vacant room left. The web service is a standard interface that all travel agents can handle, gather and distribute the reservation information easily through internet. When the reservation request is acknowledged, hotel staff prepares the room, catering, and transportation for guests. Since the information already stored in the database, every part in the hotel chains can share it and work together properly. For example, staff in front office and housekeeping department can prepare room for guests according to the data, staff in back office can stock material for catering purpose and hotel manager can check business report in Enterprise Information Portal integrated with GHIRS by his browser. Then room rent-ratio reports, room status reports, daily income reports and other real time business reports are generated. Managers of the group can access any report of any hotel by the system. In the later part of this paper, we will show how consumers, agents, and hotel staff can efficiently work together by GHIRS.GHIRS is scalable for small-to-large hotel chains and management companies, especially good for hotel group. It truly soars with seamless connectivity to global distribution systems thereby offering worldwide reservation access. It also delivers real-time, on line reservations via the Internet.3 Integration of Hotel Management System3.1 Existed SystemGHIRS is developed on the base of an existed hotel management system called FoxhisTM. FoxhisTM shares the largest part of software market in hotel industry in China. FoxhisTM version 5 has distributed Client/Server architecture that the server runs Sco-UNIX and client runs Microsoft Windows and it use Sybase database onUNIX. The system includes Front Office system, Property Management system, Quality Management system, Human Resource Management system, Enterprise Information Portal system (EIP), Customer Relationship Management system (CRM) and Supply Chain Management system (SCM).This system is largely based on intranet environment. Most of the work is done in a single hotel by the hotel staff. It’s no customer self-service. If a consumer wants to book a room, hotel staff in local hotel must help the guest to record his request, although FoxhisTM system already done lots of automatic job.When the systems are deployed in different hotels that are parts of a group, sharing data becomes a problem. Just as an example, if the group has ten hotels, there would be at least ten local databases to store the consumers’ data. Because hotels need real time respond of the system, so these ten hotels can’t deploy a central database that does not locate in the same local network. Thus one guest may have different records in different hotels and the information can not be shared. By web services as an interface, these data can be exchanged easily.3.2 DesignRecall that our initial thinking to deploy GHIRS is to save hotel staff, travel agents and consumers’ labour work, the system is to link all the taches of hotel business chains. Figure 1 shows how consumers, agents, hotel staff cooperate together efficiently with the system.Fig. 1. How consumers, agents and hotel staff work togetherConsumers could be divided into two categories. One is member of hotel group, who holds different classes of memberships and gains benefits like discount or special offers. These consumers usually contribute a large part of the hotel’s profit then are looked as VIP. The hotel keeps their profiles, preferences and membership account status. The other category is common guest. All these two kinds of guests and travel agents who may trade with many other hotels face the web-based interface that let them to make a reservation. For common guest, the system just requires him to input reservation information such as guest name, contact information, arrival and departure the system. The central processing server then distributes the information to appropriate hotel. Since web services technology is so good for submitting documents to long running business process flows, hotel staff could easily handle this data in andout of database management system and application server. As the membership of hotel, a user just inputs his member id and password, room information, arrival and departure date,then finish the request. Because hotels keep members’ profile, and systems exchange profile across all hotels of the group by web services, hotel staff in different hotels could know the guest’s individual requirement and provide better services.The agents work for consumers get benefits from GHIRS as well. They may also keep the consumers’ profile and the web services interface is open to them, it is easy to bridge their system to hotel management system. Before GHIRS is deployed, the agents should separate and process the reservation data and distribute them to different hotels, which is an onerous job. But now the agents could just press one button and all the hotel reservation is sent to destination.Hotel staff receives all request from different sources. Some policies are applied to response the request. For example, some very important guest’s request is passed automatically without confirmation, the guest could get acknowledgement in very short time. The request triggers all chains of the hotel business flow and all the preparation work is done before his arrival. But for the common customer, hotel staff would check on the anticipate date if there is vacant and clean rooms available. Because all the FoxhisTM components are integrated together, staff users needn’t change computer interface to check he room status. If it is a valid request with enough guests’ information and there is enough room left, a confirmation is sent back. If there is not enough vacant room, hotel staff will ask if guest would like to wait a time or transfer to other hotels in the hotel group or alliance hotels. In order to transfer guest’s request, dat a flows from local database to the central server through local web server, then it is passed to another hotels database by web services interface.3.3 ImplementationToday there are lots of platforms that could provide capabilities to integrate different system and offer other features such as security and work load balancing. The two main commercial products are Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) and . They offer pretty much the same laundry of list of features, albeit in different ways. We choose .NET platform as our programming environment, however, here we don’t advocate which platform is better or not. Our target is to integrate these decentralized and distributed system together. In fact, both of these platforms support XML and SOAP to accomplish our task.We use Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) as web server and Sybase database server. The firewalls separate the local networks from the public networks. This is very important from the security point of view. Each hotel of the group has a database server, an application server and a web server to deploy this multi-tier system that includes the user interface presentation tier, business presentation tier, business logical tier, and the data access tier. C# is adopted as the programming language for the core executable part. XML is the data exchange standard format.。