美国大学的精选作文考试习题
美国大学英语写作 课后答案
《美国大学英语写作》课后习题答案(PART 1) ANSWER KEYPart One: Essay Writing1 An Introduction to WritingActivity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5–6 Point: There are drawbacks to moviegoing.Support: 1. Inconvenienceb. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theaterd. Sticky floor3. Other moviegoersa. Running kidsb. Laughing, shouting teenagersActivity (Introductory Paragraph), 81. c2. b3. a4. a. Inconvenience of going outb. Temptations of the theaterc. Behavior of some patronsActivity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9–101. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassleof the evening.2. b. Parking lot is always jammedd. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowdede. Tickets cost up to $8 each3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need.4. b. 2) chocolate bars3) Milk Duds5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand.6. a. Little kids race up and down the aislesb. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noisesActivity (Concluding Paragraph), 101. a2. cReview Activities, 18–20Answers will vary.2 The Writing ProcessActivities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25–31Answers will vary.Activity (Writing a First Draft), 331. thesis 5. specific2. first 6. bs3. equiped (other answers are possible) 7.conclusion4. second and thirdActivity (Revising with a Second Draft), 36–371. Second 5. watching what I keep in the house2. however 6. comfortable seats3. unity . . . My friends are as bad as I am.7. As4. support . . . snacks like celery and carrot8. jump into my handssticks . . . no ice cream in the freezer . . .9. disgusteddripping with butter . . . risk pulling outmy fillings as I chewActivity (Taking a Writing Inventory), 39–40Answers will vary.Activity (Prewriting), 41–43L, Q, SO, C, FActivity 1 (Outlining), 43–451. Thesis:My high school had three problem areas.a. Students(1) Involved with drugs(2) Formed cliquesb. Teachers(1) Unwilling to help after class(2) Much too strictc. Buildings(1) Leaky ceilings(2) Ill-equipped gym2. Thesis:Working as a dishwasher in a restaurant was my worst job.a. Working conditions(1) Heat in kitchen(2) Noisy work areab. Hours(1) Ten-hour shifts(2) Hours changed every weekc. Pay(1) Minimum wage(2) No bonus for overtime3. Thesis: Joining an aerobics class has many benefits.a. Social benefits(1) Make new friends(2) Meet interesting instructorsb. Mental benefits(1) Reduces mental stress(2) Improves self-imagec. Physical benefits(1) Strengthens heart(2) Tones muscles4. Thesis: My favorite times in school were the days beforeholiday vacations.a. Lighter workload(1) Less work in class(2) Less homeworkb. Friendlier atmosphere(1) Teachers more relaxed(2) Students happy about vacationc. Special events(1) Pep rallies(2) Holiday concertsActivity 2 (Outlining), 45–47Thesis:More and more, the inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings. First topic sentence:The world of business is one area in which technology is isolating us.Support: 2. Workers’ salaries are automatically credited to their bank accounts.3. Personal banking is becoming a detached process.a. Customers interact with machines rather than people.b. Some loans are accepted or rejected by computers, not loan officers.Second topic sentence: Another area that technology is changing is entertainment.Support: 1. For many people now, music is a solitary experience.2. Fewer people go out to watch movies.Third topic sentence: Education is a third important area inwhich technology is separating us from others.Support: 1. Students sit alone in front of computers.2. Students use software at home instead ofinteracting with others.3. Videotapes are replacing class instruction.Activity (Revising), 47–482, 1, 4, 33 The First and Second Steps in Essay WritingActivity (Writing a Good Thesis), 50–51List 1 List 22 Teachers3 Bicyclesl Education 4 Dangers of bike riding3 Math teacher l Recreation5 My high school math 2Recreational vehiclesteacher was incompetent. 5Bike riding in the city is a4 High school math teacher dangerous experience.List 3 List 41 Retail companies 3 Camping2 Supermarkets 4 First camping trip4 Dealing with customers 2Summer vacation3 Working in a supermarket 5My first camping trip was a5 I’ve learned how to handle disastrous experience.unpleasant supermarket customers. lVacationsActivity (Common Errors in Writing a Thesis), 53A. 1. TBB. 6. 22. TN 7. A3. TB 8. 24. TN 9. A5. TB 10. 2Activity (Support the Thesis with Specific Evidence), 54–55Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third pointfor each outline is listed below.1. c. Learning new rules and procedures 4.c. Save money2. c. Sense of humor 5. c. Long hours3. c. Too cold in the winter 6. c. Worry about financesActivity (The Importance of Specific Details), 57S 1. The paragraph lists specific precautions: getting a permit and buyingpressure-treated lumber.X 2. What kinds of things did the writer do wrong? What specific rules were enforced?How did this parent punish the writer?S 3 The paragraph lists specific examples of items that should not be improved:cheesecake and jeans.X 4. What kinds of problems does the dog have? How does thedog misbehave when the owners are away? Howdid the owners try to train the dog?Activity 1 (The Importance of Adequate Details), 58Answers are given in the text after the activity.Activity (Identifying the Parts of an Essay), 61Thesis statement: 4Topic sentence of first supporting paragraph: 5Topic sentence of second supporting paragraph: 15Topic sentence of third supporting paragraph: 22First sentence of the conclusion: 34Activity 1 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 61–62 Activity 2 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 621. TN a.OK b. OK b.2. OK a.2. TN a.A b. OK b.3. OK a.3. TN a.A b. OK b.4. A a.4. OK a.OK b. TN b.5. A a.5. OK a.OK b. TN b.Activity 3 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 62–63 Activity4 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 631. OK a.OK b.2 b.2. TB a.2. 2 a.OK b. OK b.3. OK a.3. OK a.TB b.2 b.4. TB a.4. 2 a.OK b. OK b.5. TB a.5. 2 a.OK b. OK b.Activity (Completing Thesis Statements), 64Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third pointof development for each thesis statement is listed below.1. science.6. coach2. to be enthusiastic.7. we were emotionally immature.3. my boyfriend.8. manners4. money.9. my relationships with others.5. breaks down regularly. 10.the time I dented my friend’s car.Activity (Writing a Thesis Statement), 65Answers may vary slightly.1. The cars I’ve owned have reflected the changes in my personality.2. Attending a two-year college has several advantages.3. I have tried several ways to give up snacks.4. Halloween is not all fun.5. Three factors contributed to my heart attack.Activity 1 (Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis), 66Answers will vary; a possible thesis for each limited subjectis listed below.1. Sharing an apartment with a roommate helped me adjust to a new city.2. Deciding to be less critical of your spouse can help a marriage.3. My mother’s tidiness drives us crazy.4. Fast-food restaurants are cheaper, cleaner, and friendlier than other restaurants.5. My cousin Myra has several bad driving habits.6. Regular exercise can help ease emotional problems.7. Do-it-yourself repairs always end up costing me more money than they’re supposed to.8. The free-agent system has made baseball a big business, not a sport.9. Being a single parent can be exhausting, frustrating, and intimidating.10. Noise pollution is a growing problem in our city. Activity 2 (Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis), 67 Answers will vary; some possible limited subjects and thesis statements are listed below.1. Exotic animals as petsPeople should not be allowed to keep exotic animals as pets.2. Teens and birth controlParents should be notified if their daughters visita birth control clinic.3. The new season’s TV programmingThe new television programs are carbon copies of last year’s successful shows.4. Computerized officesComputers in offices are creating new health problems for employees.5. Major fields of studyChoosing a major does not have to be done blindly.6. House callsDoctors should be compelled to make house calls.7. Summer vacationsSummer is the worst time of year to take a vacation.8. BarbecuingThere are three kinds of people who will be found behinda barbecue grill.9. Children’s allowancesGetting an allowance teaches a child to be responsible, mature, and thrifty.10. Christmas shoppingOne year I made the mistake of doing my Christmas shopping months in advance.Activity (Providing Specific Evidence), 68–69Answers will vary; some possibilities are listed below.1. Guests arrived two hours late; roast was burned; host and hostess got into a huge fight2. Collects dead frogs, birds, and worms; loves to dunk pizza in his chocolate milk; combs his hair with his toothbrush3. Too tired; too hungry; too disorganized4. Chose my friends for me; chose my clothes for me; chose my college for me5. Baby-sitting, gardening, baking cookies6. New ignition, new brakes, new heater7. Cat got sick; kids got sick; roof started to leak8. Slept at his desk; gave six hours of homework per night; had a nasty temperActivity (Identifying Adequate Supporting Evidence), 69–70 AD 1.U 2. What are specific examples of how people are thoughtless to pets? What are the particular needs of pets that may be ignored? Examples might include bathing animals regularly, treating them for fleas, helping them stay cool in summer,exercising them, and providing a nutritious diet.U 3. What are specific examples of shows that are of little interest to people? Exactly how would commercials be changed? How would network news be made more interesting? Examples might include the names of shows (situation comedies, game shows, and so on) that aren’t popular. Commercials might be changed by eliminating repetitious jingles or celebrity endorsements (using examples of current commercials).AD 4.U 5. What are examples of how the woman was set in her ways? What did she say about the kind of hairdo she wanted? For example, the woman might have rejected any suggestions other than the style she was used to. What did the writer do that was unsuccessful? And how did the woman seem to indicate that the writer was not doing what she wanted? For instance, she might have shook her head or sighed every time the writer attempted to please her.Activity (Adding Details to Complete an Essay), 70–73 Answers will vary; possible supporting details are included in the paragraphs below.First of all, with no television to compete for our time, we found plenty of hours for personal interests.We all read more that week than we had read during the six months before.Dad introduced Mom to his favorite mystery writer—Dorothy Sayers—and it was pleasant to see them sitting on the sofa together, each one absorbed in a book. Luella, serious as always, read novels by Charles Dickens, while I settled modestly for the daily newspapers. We each also enjoyed some hobbies we had ignored for ages.Mom and Dad did crossword puzzles together, Lu dusted off her stamp collection, and I finished knitting the sweater I had started last September. In addition, my sister and I both stopped procrastinating with our homework.Instead of putting off our English and math assignments until our favorite shows were over, we tackled them right after supper and found that, without the sound of the TV blaring in our ears, we could do them in a couple of hours—far more quickly than we expected.Second, we did chores that had been hanging over our heads for too long. There were many jobs around the house that had needed attention for some time.Mom fixed a faucet that had been dripping for weeks while Dad patched the cracked plaster in the dining room. Lu and I cleaned our closets, finding records, tapes, and magazines that had been missing for months. By the end of the week, the house was in tidier shape thanit had been since we moved in. We also had a chance to do some long-postponed shopping.Mom and Dad picked out a new sofa for the den; Lu bought some new books, and I went through a whole stack of catalogs and finished all my Christmas shopping by mail. And each of us also did some letter writing or other paperwork that was long overdue. Mom and Dad struggled with this year’s income tax forms, Lu wrote to Johnny, a friend she met at Spirit Lake last summer, and I wrote a thank-you note to Aunt Elsie for letting me stay with her during my weekend in New York City last month.Finally, and probably most important, we spent time with each other. Instead of being in the same room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours. Mom told us about the programming project she has been doing at work, and we had fun planning the trip to Boston we are going to take this summer. Moreover, for the first time in years my family played some games together. We played several games of Scrabble, and we even got out the Monopoly set and played a game following the rules our family has made up over the years. And because we didn’t have to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over a couple of evenings and spent an enjoyable timewith them.We were glad to see how much the Overholt childrenhad grown, and Joe and Sandy Ciprianni kept us laughing allevening with their stories about fixing up the old house theybought.4 The Third Step in Essay WritingFill-ins (Common Methods of Organization), 75–76The topic sentences in the essay use the words To begin with,Next, and Finally to help show time order.The paragraph uses the following words to help show time order:Next, first, Then, After, and Finally.The topic sentences in the essay use the words For one thing,In addition, and Most important to help show emphatic order.The words Worst of all are used to mark the most emphatic detailin the paragraph.Activity (Common Methods of Organization), 77A. 1. time orderB. time; emphatic; time; emphatic2. emphatic order3. combination of time and emphatic orderActivity (Transitions), 78–801. Addition signals: One, Also, Another2. Time signals:After,First, Next, Finally3. Space signals:Next [to], To the right, Near4. Change-of-direction signals:But, however5. Illustration signals:For example, such as6. Conclusion signals:Finally, thereforeActivity (Transitional Sentences), 81Answers may vary slightly.In addition to teaching me about the importance of familysupport, my parents taught me the value of hard work.Along with the value of hard work, my parents emphasized thebenefits of a good education.Activity (Other Connecting Words), 831. four times2. he3. iron range; throbbing swellings; frigidActivity (Introductory Paragraph), 86-87 Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 891. B Starting with an opposite1. P/R2. F Quotation2. Q3. A General to narrow3. SActivity (Titles), 90–91Answers will vary; examples of titles are given below.1. Choosing McDonald’s2. A Diner at Midnight3. Audiences at Rock ConcertsActivity 1 (Organizing Through Time Order), 91–931. 12. 33. 13 132 22Activity 2 (Organizing Through Emphatic Order), 95–961. 22. 33. 21 133 21Activity (Providing Transitions), 93–94First of all, there are the people . . .For example, there are the ones . . .Another type of nervous . . .However, neither of these . . .A second category of people . . .On the contrary, they feel compelled . . .As a result, no one hears . . .After they have been to the theater . . .Then they will start . . .Last of all, there are the people who talk . . .In addition, it is impossible . . .But if ever I am granted . . .Activity (Identifying Transitions and Other Connecting Words), 95–96S 1. T 9. P 2. RW 10.T 3. S 11.S 4. T 12.P 5. P 13. RW 6. RW 14.P 7. T 15.P 8.Activity (Completing Transitional Sentences), 96–97Thesis 1:After making certain that your house conforms to state regulations, you must obtain legalpermits . . .Finally, once you have the necessary legal permits, you can begin to advertise . . .Thesis 2:In addition to saving me money, watching the game at home is more comfortable than sitting in a stadium . . .Even more important than cost and comfort, though, is the technology which makes a televised game better than the “real thing.”. . .Activity (Identifying Introductions and Conclusions), 97-99 Pair 1:D Incident or storyI Prediction or recommendationPair 2:E Question(s)G Summary and final thoughtPair 3:F QuotationG Summary and final thought5 The Fourth Step in Essay WritingActivity (Use Parallelism), 101–102Answers may vary slightly.1. The novelty store sells hand buzzers, plastic fangs, and fake insects.2. Many people share the same three great fears: being in high places, working with numbers, and making speeches.3. To decide on a career, people should think closely about their interests, hobbies, and skills.4. At the body shop, the car was sanded down to the bare metal, painted with primer, and sprayed with red enamel.5. In order to become a dancer, Lola is taking lessons, working in amateur shows, and auditioning for professional companies.6. Juan’s last job offered security; his new job offersa better chance for advancement.7. People in today’s world often try to avoid silence, whether on the job, in school, or at home.8. Because the dying woman was dignified and courageous, she won everyone’s respect.9. The politician trusted no one, rewarded loyalty, anddepended only on his own instincts.10. If we’re not careful, we’ll leave the next generationpolluted air, contaminated water, and dying forests.Activity (Consistency with Verbs), 1031. arrive arrived 6. floated floats2. asks asked 7. grabs grabbed3. sliced slices 8. swooped swoops4. went goes 9. recharged recharge5. tips tipped 10. burns burnedActivity (Consistency with Pronouns), 104–1051. your their health 6. you I can own2. you I never know 7. you her indigestion3. youwe have if youwe 8. you we don’t dare4. their its aggressive9. we they can learn5. one you should plan 10. one you should dressActivity 1 (Use Specific Words), 106–107Answers will vary; following are examples.1. Potato chips, pretzels, and salted peanuts . . .2. . . . papers, books, and magazines . . .3. . . . a TV, a CD player, and a computer.4. The comics, the sports pages, the obituaries, and thesociety page . . .5. . . .my throat, my ears, and my lungs . . .Activity 2 (Use Specific Words), 107–108Answers will vary; following are examples.1. The rusty old Buick sputtered, whined, and refused tostart.2. The mathematics final was filled with tricky, bafflingproblems.3. Little Robbie was so exhausted that he could scarcelykeep his eyes open.4. My cluttered, jumbled, dusty bedroom needs to be sweptout, scrubbed, and reorganized.5. A broken-down city bus blocked Main Streetand stopped traffic for an hour.Activity (Use Active Verbs), 1091. The typical American diet includes many unhealthy foods.2. Hundreds of biting ants invaded the family picnic.3. Doctors use antibiotics to treat many infections.4. A drunk driver caused the fatal traffic accident.5. The instructor will determine final grades on the basis of class performance.Activity (Use Concise Words), 110–111Answers will vary.1. I will conclude by summarizing my major points.2. Every day, parents must control their children’s television watching.3. I am shy.4. Magazine advertising contains clever hidden messages.5. My worst mistake last week was to hurt my brother’s feelings and not apologize.6. In today’s uncertain economy, the middle class finds it hard to save.7. We liked last night’s television show, but our parents didn’t.8. The school district canceled classes because of the badweather.9. I regret not having studied word processing in high school.10. People are harmed by emotional as well as by physical abuse.Activity (Revise by Adding a Second Complete Thought), 112–1131. . . . sandwiches, for he is allergic . . .2. . . . sleep, but the thought . . .3. . . . bakery, and it has . . .4. . . . soggy, for rainwater had . . .5. . . . present, so I offered . . .Activity (Revise by Adding a Dependent Thought), 114–115 Answers may vary.1. Because I had forgotten to lock the front door, I . . .2. When the bear turned over the rotten log, fat . . .3. After Kevin had sent away for a set of tools, he . . .4. Because some people are allergic to wool, they . . .5. Even though an older woman in my typing class can type almost one hundred words a minute, she . . .Activity (Revise by Beginning with a Special Opening Word or Phrase), 1161. Reluctantly, Shirley signed the repair contract.2. To improve their chances of promotion, the internsvolunteered to work overtime.3. During the trial, the accused murderer grinned at thewitnesses.4. Crowded with nervous pets, the vet’s office was noisyand confusing.5. Trying to find something worth watching, Barry flippedfrom channel to channel.Activity (Revise by Placing Adjectives or Verbs in a Series),117–118Answers may vary.1. The baby toddled across the rug, picked up a button, andput the button in his mouth.2. Brown, foul-tasting water dribbled out of the rusty metaltap.3. By 6 A.M., I had read the textbook chapter, taken noteson it, studied the notes, and drunk eight cups of coffee.4. The exterminator approached the large, papery wasps’nests hanging under the old wooden eaves.5. Slim brown reeds bordered the stagnant green pond.Activity (Proofreading), 120–1211. 26. 112. 4 7. 133. 5 8. 144. 6 9. 165. 9 10. 17Corrections (methods of correction may vary):1. an ashtray which I made 6. my father, who smoked2. the pride I felt when I presented 7. bright purple, my favorite color3. a shelf; it is a remarkably 8. its rim; they are colored neon green.4. circle. Unfortunately, 9. love me, I look5. or cigar, so I made 10. ugly ashtray; the answerReview Test 1 (Using Parallelism), 1221. filled with suspense suspenseful6. selling toys toy salesperson2. furniture for the office 7. food on the table putting food on the tableoffice furniture 8. to cram cramming3. my kitchen working in my kitchen 9.bags are put on them bagged (or:put into bags)4. preparing to prepare 10. with friendliness as well and his friendliness5. being kind kindnessReview Test 2 (Using Parallelism), 1231. to buy buying 6. were whispering whispered2. shows on science science shows 7.to start starting3. porch furniture that was rotted 8. pay that is good good payrotting porch furniture 9. was putting put4. her shirt was torn a torn shirt 10. losing lost5. takingtake (or:climbing . . . taking)Review Test 1 (Using a Consistent Point of View), 1241. is was taken 6. gets got the chicken2. are were not on the same shelf 7. realizes realized it contained3. proceeds proceeded slowly.8. transfers transferred the groceries,4. decides decided to pick up 9. notices noticed that the barbecued chicken5. parks parked his shopping cart 10.says said to the clerk,Review Test 2 (Using a Consistent Point of View), 1251. you they work.6. one I can meet2. you I could hear 7. were to you me.3. you we are supposed 8. you I drive4. one I must complete 9. you they have turned in5. you he could not tell 10. and asked to help you her.Review Test 1 (Using Specific Words), 126Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. . . . I felt sad, angry, and worried.2. The lukewarm soup, stale sandwiches, and limp salads . . .3. Ants, moths, and spiders . . .4. . . . it rained nonstop, with a bone-chilling wind.5. . . . a broken arm, two broken ribs, and a concussion. Review Test 2 (Using Specific Words), 127Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. The haughty, scowling salesman told us not to waste his time with stupid questions.2. Betty dug her fists into her eyes and shook with sobs.3. The third game of the World Series was a tense pitchers’duel.4. The airport lounge was thronged with holiday travelers.5. The woman in the front seat was muttering to herself and trembling.Review Test (Using Active Verbs), 1281. The health inspector closed the pizza restaurant.2. The workers in the library sorted huge stacks of donated books.3. A virus infected my computer.4. Oil companies will not increase gasoline prices this winter.5. Our airplanes dropped high-powered bombs onto enemy bases.6. The telephone company placed an additional charge on our phone bill.7. A group of vandals damaged the community center.8. Physical activity, meditation, and relaxation relieve stress.9. The federal government will raise taxes to pay for highway improvements.10. Studies show that watching violent TV programs increases violent behavior.Review Test 1 (Using Concise Words), 129Answers may vary; examples are shown.1. I finally decided to look for a new job.2. Because her printer was out of paper, Renee went to buy some.3. Tamika realized suddenly that her date had stood her up.4. Our teacher does not yet know if she will return next year.5. The salesperson advised us to wait until the price droppedbefore buying our computer.Review Test 2 (Using Concise Words), 130Answers may vary; examples are shown.1. Our company allows two fifteen-minute coffee breaks.2. Your line of credit has been increased.3. I prefer candy to fruit. (Or:I think candy tastes better than fruit.)4. Lynn rarely admits that she has made a mistake.5. Many people think that children should, by law, attend school until age sixteen.Review Test 1 (Varying Your Sentences), 131Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. Sophie had repaired her broken watchband with a paper clip, but the clip snapped and the watch slid off her wrist.2. The physical therapist watched as Julie tried to stand on her weakened legs and they crumpled under her.3. Although there were parking spaces on the street, Richie pulled into an expensive garage because he did not want to risk damage to his new car.4. Speeding, the brown truck skidded on some ice and almost hit a startled young police officer.5. A sudden terrible rainstorm flooded our basement, knocked。
23道最具创意的美国大学入学作文题,你会怎么答？
23道最具创意的美国大学入学作文题,你会怎么答？1.“If you were to write the story of your life until now,what would you title it and why?”如果把你迄今为止的经历写成一个故事，你会给这个故事起什么名字，为什么?Emerson College; Boston, Massachusetts.爱默生学院；波士顿，马萨诸塞州2.“Celebrate your nerdy side.”“来谈谈你蠢的一面。
”Tufts University; Medford, Massachusetts.塔夫斯大学；美德福德，马萨诸塞州3.“Whether you are goal tending or cheering from thestands, celebrate the role of sports in your life.”“不管你是在干扰投篮，还是在看台上欢呼，谈谈运动在你生活里的角色。
”Tufts University; Medford, Massachusetts.塔夫斯大学；美德福德，马萨诸塞州4.“What do you see as the biggest threat to civility?”“你认为对文明举止最大的威胁是什么？”Wake Forest University; Winston-Salem, North Carolina.维克森林大学；温斯顿塞勒姆，北卡罗来纳州。
5.“Pick one woman in history or fiction to conversewith for an hour and explain your choice. What would you talk about?”“如果让你从历史中或者小说中挑选出一位女士来交谈一个小时，你会选谁？解释一下你的选择。
你们会谈些什么？”Barnard College; New York, New York.巴纳德学院；纽约，纽约州6.“You’ve just reached your one millionth hit on yo ur YouTube video. What is the video about?”“假设你的YouTube视频点击量刚刚过百万。
英语作文美国大学
英语作文美国大学The American College Experience。
Studying at a university in the United States is a dream for many students around the world. The American college experience is unique, offering a wide range of opportunities for personal growth, academic excellence, and cultural immersion. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects of the American college experience, highlighting its strengths and advantages.One of the key features of studying in the UnitedStates is the emphasis on holistic education. American universities encourage students to pursue a well-rounded education by offering a diverse range of courses and majors. Unlike some other countries where students specialize in a specific field from the beginning, American universities allow students to explore different subjects beforedeclaring a major. This flexibility not only helps students discover their true passions but also equips them with abroad knowledge base that can be applied to various career paths.Another notable aspect of the American college experience is the emphasis on critical thinking and independent learning. Rather than relying solely on memorization and regurgitation of facts, American universities foster an environment where students are encouraged to think critically, question assumptions, and engage in intellectual debates. Professors often facilitate discussions and encourage students to voice their opinions, fostering an atmosphere of intellectual curiosity and academic freedom. This approach to education not only enhances students' analytical skills but also prepares them for the challenges of the real world.Furthermore, American universities place a strong emphasis on research and innovation. Many universities have state-of-the-art research facilities and offer numerous opportunities for undergraduate students to engage in cutting-edge research projects. This hands-on experience allows students to apply classroom knowledge to real-worldproblems, fostering creativity and problem-solving skills. Additionally, the collaboration between students and professors in research projects helps build strong mentorship relationships, which can be invaluable forfuture career development.Apart from academics, the American college experience also offers a vibrant campus life. Universities in the United States typically have a wide range ofextracurricular activities, clubs, and organizations that cater to various interests and passions. From sports teams to debate clubs, there is something for everyone. These activities not only provide a break from academic work but also help students develop leadership skills, build networks, and create lasting friendships. The sense of community and camaraderie on campus is one of the defining features of the American college experience.Furthermore, studying in the United States provides international students with a unique opportunity to immerse themselves in a diverse and multicultural environment. American universities attract students from all over theworld, creating a melting pot of cultures, languages, and perspectives. Interacting with people from different backgrounds broadens students' horizons, fosters tolerance and understanding, and prepares them for a globalized world. The cultural exchange that takes place on American campuses is invaluable and contributes to a rich and rewardingcollege experience.In conclusion, the American college experience offers a wealth of opportunities for personal and academic growth. From its holistic approach to education to its emphasis on critical thinking and research, studying in the United States prepares students for success in an ever-changing world. Moreover, the vibrant campus life and multicultural environment contribute to a well-rounded and enriching college experience. It is no wonder that studying in the United States is a dream for many students worldwide.。
《美国大学英语写作》课后习题答案.docx
Suggested Answers for “The Yellow Ribbon”一by Pete Hamill (P. 210)1.Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back.2.b3.a4.B5.Two examples: Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.^6.Examples of Vingo5s being honorable: He doesn't express any self-pity about being in jail. Heowns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.7.Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th StreetOther transition: Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick8.But if she didn't...9.Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about her traveling experience ・10.The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedly when they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home nervously.We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when he walks into his home ・The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely.P.256-Taming the Anger Monster: by Anne Davidson1.d2.Anger has become an increasingly common problem in our society.3."According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience/54.Effect: An epidemic of anger Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension6.B7.Introduction:Paragraphs:1-5Supporting Point 1: Supporting Point 2: Supporting Point 3: Supporting Point 4: Supporting Point 5: Conclusion:Paragraph(s) 6 9 Paragraph(s)10-12 Paragraph(s)73 Pa rag raphs74-75 Paragraphs76 - WO Piiragraph: .278.To begin with Technology is also Tension, the third major culprit9.D10・ The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The last paragraph shows how that story was successfully resolved ・P289>—Born to Be Different?: by Camille Lewisc 2. a 3・ D4. She lists a series of examples where the "empathizing" mindset is evident: female-dominated careers, female reading matter, and female relationships5. Brain anatomyWays of interacting with the worldWays of problem solving6. Lewis presents her essay point by point. The first point is about brain anatomy, the second is aboutinteracting with the world, and the third is about problem solving. For each point, she discusses women and then men.7.Introduction:Supporting Point 1:Supporting Point 2:Supporting Point 3:Conclusion: 7. On the other hand (7) In contrast (9)But (11)8. d 10aP.508-Suggested Answers for “Shame”一Dick Gregory (P.508)Note: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection. Reading Comprehension Questions, 584-585l. A 2. D 3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. a Answers b, c, and d are too narrow.5. c See Paragraph 66. Tme See Paragraph 237. a See Paragraph 5& B. The entire incident with the Community Chest Fund shows Richard's pride9. b Richards teacher ignores his problems and humiliates him in front of the entire class; seeparagraphs 5 through 26.10. b Helene cries over Richard's humiliation; see paragraph 23.Structure and Technique, 585Paragraphs Paragraph(s) Paragraph(s) Paragraph(s) Paragraph 7-5 6-7 3-9 10-11 12L In paragraphs 1 and Z Gregory mentions several steps he took to impress Helene Tucker.What were they? Why does he include them in his essay?Answer:\n order to impress Helene, Gregory brushed his hail； got a handkerchief, washed his socks and shirt every night, shoveled the snow off her walk, tried to make friends with her mother and aunts, and left money on her stoop. He describes those steps in detail because, besides demonstrating his devotion to Helene, they give a clear picture of Gregory^ povert y.2.A metaphor is a suggested comparison. What metaphor does Gregory use in paragraph 5, andwhat is its purpose? What metaphor does he use in the second sentence of paragraph 7, and what does it mean?Answer:\n paragraph 5, Gregoiy uses the metaphor that he was pregnant to suggest the effects ofpoverty on him一it gave him strange tastes, which pregnant people get. It also filled him (as pregnancy fills someone), but with negative things: poverty, dirt, "smells that made people turn away/ and so on.In the second sentence of paragraph 7，Gregory uses the metaphor of a flying eagle to represent the movement of money・(A picture of an eagle is engraved on one side of a quarter).3.In narrating the incidents in the classroom and in the restaurant, Gregory chooses to provide actualdialogue rather than merely to tell what happened. Why?Answer using the exact words spoken by Helene, the teacher, and himself, Gregoiy gives a very clear picture of what happened by allowing the reader to "experience^ it, rather than simply hear a general summary・ The dialogue between Helene and the teacher shows Helene as an ideal little student who received approval from the teacher. The dialogue between Gregory and the teacher, however, clearly demonstrates Gregory^ eagerness to impress Helene and his unsuccessful, embarrassing attempt to gain the teacher's approval. If Gregory had merely described what had happened, we would have a much less vivid impression of the characters involved.4.At the end of the essay, Gregoiy shifts his focus from the classroom to the scene involving the wino atthe restaurant. What is the connection between this closing scene and the rest of the essay? Answer:ln the body of the essay, Gregory is narrating a time that he was shamed publicly andno one came to his defense・ In the closing scene, Gregory realizes that he has done the same thing一that he, too, has witnessed a person being shamed without assisting him. He feels a new kind of "shame J that of having failed to help another man in need.Critical Reading and Discussion,586L When Gregory writes, T never learned hate at home, or shame・ I had to go to school for that (paragraph1), he is using irony一an inconsistency between what is expected and what actually occurs ・ What doeshe mean by these two statements? What is the effect of his irony? Answer means that although his home life was one of poverty and want, his home was not a place of inhumane values, such as hatred and shame. But at school, which on its surface was a more positive place, he was made to feel hatred and shame. The ironic statement intrigues the reader and makes him or her want to know more about what Gregory means ・2.What are Gregory "s feelings about his teacher? What were your feelings about her as you read thisessay? What could the teacher have done or said that wouldnot have made Gregory feel ashamed?Answer seems sad and resentful that the teacher did not understand why he misbehaved in class and that she assumed he was stupid and a troublemaker. But he also wanted her approval badly, as seen by the Community Chest incident and the fact that he got a "big thrill" out of being chosen to clean theblackboard・ Students' suggestions about the teacher will vary. One possibility: She could have merely thanked Gregory in class and then spoken to him privately later if she doubted that he could contribute to Community Chest.3.Gregory shows how a childhood incident taught him shame. What other important lessons does Gregorylearn in this essay? Explain.Answer paragraph 3, in which Gregoiy talks about his accomplishments later in life, we can conclude that he learned he could boost his self-esteem through his own efforts. Paragraph 5 shows that from his own experiences, he learned that children who are hungry and poor may feel invisible and so behave in ways that attract attention. From his experience with the wino, he learned that in order to feel good about himself, he would have to start standing up for other people who were shamed.4.At the end of his essay, Gregoiy says, "7 waited too long to help another man. ” Why do you think hewaited so long to assist the wino? What are some reasons people do not always help others who are in need (for example, ignoring a homeless person seated on the sidewalk)?Gregory probably had many reasons for not helping the wino sooner: embarrassment at drawing attention to himself, reluctance to part with his hard-earned money, not wanting to get in trouble with Mr. Williams, not knowing the wino and thus feeling the affair wasn5t his business, etc.People have similar reasons for not helping others in need・ In addition, people who ignore a homeless man may feel that the maiTs problems一maybe including substance abuse or mental illness一are so big and deep-rooted that they are not qualified to help him in any effective way.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: Living poor was, for the author, a humiliating experience.1. He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and, worse, in front of Helene Tucker(7-23).2. Everybody knew he was a “worthy boy” who had no Dad and no money (28).3. His self-pity prevented him from helping another poor man, the wino (29-37).P.567 Suggested Answers for “Propaganda Techniques in Today's Advertising^ by Ann McClintockNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,648-649l. bAnswer a is too broad; answers c and d are too narrow. Answers a and b are too narrow;answer d is too broad- Paragraph 9Paragraphs 18-19Paragraph 16Paragraph 239.b9. aStructure and Technique, 649-650L In paragraph 7, McClintock "s choice of words reveals her attitudes toward both propagandists and thepublic ・ What specific words reveal her attitudes, and what attitudes do they represent?Answer:McChntock describes propagandists as "seducers^ and "brainwashers.She refers to their "alluring images/5 their "tricks/" and their "charm 1 She describes the public as “conte nt" and"eager …victims ： Her choice of words makes it clear that she thinks propagandists are untrustworthy and interested in taking unfair advantage of a too-trusting public.2. What key term does McClintock define in paragraph 2? Why does she define it here? Where else in theessay does she use the technique of definition?Answer:She defines the term "propaganda.^ She places the definition close to the beginning because it is so essential to the reader's understanding of the rest of her essay. Other points at which McClintock uses definition are in paragraphs 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 1& and 21. In each of those paragraphs, she defines a particular propaganda technique ・2. d3. b4. c5. b6. d7. c & c3.McClintock uses parentheses in two lists, the ones in paragraphs 7 and 19. What purpose do theseparentheses serve?Answer:Paragraph 7 lists "high-sounding but basically empty phrases/' The author uses parentheses to add comments that reveal the emptiness of those listed phrases. Paragraph 19 lists claims that include "weasel words." The author uses parentheses to show just how insubstantial those weasel words are.4 ・ McClintock provides abundant examples throughout her essay. Why does she provide so manyexamples? What does she accomplish with this technique?yl^wr/McClintock^s many examples, drawn from the television and print ads we all see eveiy day, clarify her definitions and demonstrate that propaganda techniques are truly a factor in everyday life.The examples make the reader more aware of the effects of propaganda on decisions he or she makes. Critical Reading and Discussion^6501.Some of the propaganda techniques listed in the selection have contrasting appeals. How do name-calling and glittering generalities contrast with each other? Testimonials and plain folks?71/25weF；Namc-calling appeals to the instincts of fcar, anger, and mistrust. Name-calling propaganda encourages the public to reject something or someone・ Glittering generalities, on the other hand, appeal to the publicpositive emotions: love, attraction, patriotism. The public is asked to accept the thing or person advertised by associating it with those emotions.Testimonials depend on the publict interest in or affection for celebrities一people ordinary viewers don't know but admire and see as bigger and more important than themselves. By contrast, plain folks advertising is based on the idea that the public likes to see ordinary people一people like themselves一in the products and services they buy.2.Why are ads that use the bandwagon approach so effective? What ads have you seen recently that usethat approach?Answer bandwagon technique is effective because of the human need to be part of a group・ We feel safe and secure when we are surrounded by people who agree with us about something一evensomething as trivial as what frozen coffee cake is best ("Nobody doesn^t like Sara Lee^). Answers to the second question will vary.3.The author states, ''Americans, adults and children alike, are being seduced. " What might be thedifferences between the ways adults and children react to the seductions of advertising?Answer:Answers will vary・4.McClintock states, (i We are victims, seemingly content一even eager—to be victimized^ (paragraph 1).Do you agree? Is this article likely to change how you view ads in the future? Why or why not?Answer:Answers will vary・Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis9. People should detect and understand common propaganda techniques, which appeal to theemotions rather than to logic.1.Wc arc bombarded with ads, which present biased messages through various propaganda techniques,including seven common ones (1-4). calling一referring to a competitor with negatively charged names or comments (5).3.Glittering generalities一making important-sounding general claims with no explanation (6-8).4.Transfer—associating something with a symbol or image most people respect and admire (9-11).5.Testimonial一promoting something with the support of a celebrity (12-15)・6・ Plain folks一associating something with the average person (16-17).7.Card stacking一making something sound good by suppressing relevant evidence or making anunfinished claim (18-19).8.Bandwagon一appealing to peopled desire to do what many others are doing (20-21)・e critical thinking to avoid reacting emotionally to ads (22-23).P.592 Su ggested Answers for “Here's to Your Health”一oan DunayerNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection. Reading Comprehension Questions,667-6681.c2.c3.d4.cAnswers a, b, and c are too narrow.Answer a is too narrow; answer b is too broad; answer d, never directly stated in the article, is too narrow・5.b6.False7.Tme8.a9.False10. dParagraph 6 Paragraph 4 Paragraph 8Paragraphs 6 and 8 Paragraphs 4 and 8Structure and Technique,668-669L What method of introduction does Dunayer use? What effect do you think she hoped to achieve with this introduction?Answer:She uses an anecdote. By telling a brief story about Tod，s experience, she puts a human face on the larger idea that alcohol abuse is linked to societal pressure. It also sets the tone for Dunayer's thesis by showing the potential danger of even small amounts of alcohol.2.Dimayer introduces her criticism of alcohol with the words '"Part of the myth is • •・「(See the firstsentence of paragraph 3.) What addition transitions does she use to introduce each of the three other parts of the myth (in the first sentences of paragraphs 5, 7, and 9)? What is gained by the use of these transitions?Answer:The three addition transitions are "another/9“also/ and "finally：Each transition makes the reader aware that one element of the myth is being introduced.3.The body oj Dunayer k essay is made up of four pairs of paragraphs (paragraphs 3 and 4; 5 and 6; 7and 8; 9 and 10). What is the relations hip between the paragrap hs in eac h pair? In which of the two paragraphs does Dunayer present her own perspective? Why do you think she puts her own perspective in that paragraph ?AnswerAn the first paragraph of each pair, Dunayer presents one part of the alcohol myth. She begins each second paragraph with a topic sentence that represents her perspective・ She then goes on to support her topic sentence with a series of facts. For example, below is the topic sentence of paragraph 4; it represents her perspective, which contradicts what the ad in paragraph 3 suggests about whiskey.Contrary to what the liquor company would have us believe, drinking is more closely related tolack of success than to achievements.She then follows that sentence with supporting facts.By presenting her perspective after describing each part of the myth, Dunayer makes her points more dramatically: She sets up an appealing image in the first paragraph of each pair only to knock it down with force in the second one.4.In her essay, Dunayer provides vivid descriptions of alcohol advertisements, particularly in paragraphs3 and 5. What vivid details does she provide? How do these details support her main point?Answer An paragraph 3 she describes in detail the print ad showing two prosperous-looking businessmen in a restaurant, surrounded by fine crystal, velvet draperies, and spotless linen. In paragraph 5, she provides details about a beach scene: a young, beautiful, sexy woman; a young muscular man enticing her with a cold bee匚By providing such detailed descriptions, Dunayer makes the reader very aware of the advertiser^ premise (alcohol will make you successful; alcohol will make you sexually attractive) behind such ads.Critical Reading and Discussion,669L Dunayer presents and then rebuts four "myths" about alcohol. What are these four myths? According to Dunayer, what is the reality behind each myth?Answer Alcohol will make you professionally successful. In fact, says Dunayer, alcohol is frequently tied to low achievement and poverty. (2) Alcohol will make you sexually attractive. Dunayer says that alcohol actually lowers one's hormones and can lead to impotence and infertility. (3) Alcohol and sports mix well. Dunayer points out that alcohol slows the reflexes, interferes with the eyes5 ability to focus, and increases the likelihood of various serious diseases・(4) Alcohol brings families closer together. In fact, Dunayer writes, alcohol is frequently involved in domestic violence, suicide, and birth defects.2.Dunayer concludes, 'Here f s to your health' rings with a terrible irony when it is accompanied by theclink of liquor glasses (paragraph 11). What is the "'terrible irony she refers to? How does this ironyf s title—relate to her main point?一already signaled in her essayAnswer:The irony is that alcohol, rather than promoting one^s health, is often tied to illness and misery・ The irony is also implied in her main point—that while advertising myths promise us that alcohol will improve our lives, it is far more likely to have destructive effects.3.Do you think Dunayer "s essay about the myths of alcohol is one-sided, or is it balanced? Explain.What additional points could be used to support her point or to rebut it?Answer essay is one-sided in the sense that Dunayer does not include opinions from people who disagree with her. Other points she might have used to support her argument include the widespread idea among young people that using alcohol makes them seem more adult. Rebuttals of Dunayer"s argument could include the ideas that many people use alcohol responsibly and that the problem is not with the product itself but with irresponsible people's misuse of it.4.Advertisers often create myths or use false ideas to get people to buy their products・ Besidesalcohol ads, what are some other examples o f manipulative or deceptive advertising? Do you think advertisers should be permitted to use such tactics to sell products?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and Support OutlineThesis:The media and our culture promote a false myth about alcohol.1.Part of the myth is that alcohol signals success; the reality is that alcohol can prevent success (3-4).2・ Another part of the myth is that alcohol makes one sexually attractive; the reality is that alcohol can make one less sexy (5-6).3.A third part of the myth is that alcohol combines well with athletics; the reality is thatalcohol slows people down and can lead to physical decline (7-8)<4.The fourth part of the myth is that alcohol contributes to family happiness; the reality isthat alcohol can lead to great unhappiness・P.607 Suggested Answers for “College Lectures: Is Anybody Listening?” by David DanielsNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 683・6841.c2.a3.c Answers a, b and d are all too narrow, as each covers only a single point ofthe selection.4.b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.5.d Paragraphs 5 and 76.a Paragraph 107.a Paragraph 108.a Paragraph 9 and 109.True Paragraphs 11 through 1310.c Paragraph 13Structure and Technique, 684L Daniels begins his essay with an anecdote about a former teacher of his・ How does this introduction relate to his thesis?Answer:Thc anecdote is an extreme example of a college teacher who seemed unaware of whether his students were listening to him or not. The professor serves as a caricature of the type of teachingDaniels is criticizing.2.Does Daniels directly state his thesis? If so, where is it stated?如sw刃. Daniels states his thesis at the end of paragraph 4: "The time is long overdue for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work：3.In describing Maty 5 classroom experience (paragraphs 5-7), Daniels provides numerous details ・What are some of these details? How do they relate to the essay k main idea?Answer:Some of the details provided include the huge class size, the lack of a roll call, the professor^ ancient notes, the lack of opportunity for student feedback, and the absence of quizzes. The details all contribute to the idea that lccturc-hcavy classes do a poor job of involving the student in the subject and stimulating his or her thinking.4.Daniels's essay is an argument against the lecture system of education. What argumentationtechniques does he employ? (Seepages 319-337for information on argumentation.)Daniels uses four of the argumentation techniques explained in Chapter 16, "Argumentation,pages 319-322:1)Point out common ground・ Daniels points out common ground between him and schools thatsupport lectures. In paragraph 8, he admits that many schools supplement lectures with discussion groups and that some classes, such as first-year English, are relatively small.2)Acknowledge differing viewpoints. Daniels acknowledges (but does not support) viewpoints thatdiffer from his. In paragraph 13, he states that administrators like lectures because they "can cram far more students into a lecture hall than into a discussion class： He adds in the same paragraph that teachers and students find lectures easier because students can sit back and be passive and teachers can "engage in intellectual exhibitionism.^3)Grant the merits of differing viewpoints when appropriate. Daniels grants the merits of opposingviews in paragraph 15, where he states that lectures are "economically necessary^ and also because they "spring from a tradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake."4)Rebut differing views・Daniels rebuts the support for lecture classes for first- and second-yearstudents by stating the virtues of smaller classes, which are listed in paragraph 14: smaller classes force students to become more active, students5 listening skills improve, professors do a better job, and tests demand analysis and synthesis instead of "empty memorization.^ And while Daniels supports the tradition of lectures in paragraph 15, he immediately argues against their use in the first two years of college.Critical Reading and Discussion,684-685L Daniels states that ^listening intelligently is hard work " (paragraph 9) and "'Active learning ・.・ is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn " (paragraph 10).Why might Daniels feel that listening is so hard? And why does he feel that active learning is so good?AnswerAn paragraph 10, Daniels mentions that listening actively involves special techniques,including these two: “trying to anticipate the speaker^ next point" and "tak ing notes selectively： We can assume that he feels it takes time and practice to learn such techniques・ In discussing active learning in paragraph 10, Daniels mentions several types: writing essays, performing experiments, and having work evaluated by an instructor. He obviously feels that these types of active work involve students in ways they are not ready to be involved in as listeners.2.In paragraph & Daniels acknowledges that he has exaggerated Mary "s negative classroomexperience, saying, T admit this picture is overdrawn. ‘‘ Does this admission strengthen or weaken his argument? Explain.Answer:The case could be made that the admission strengthens Daniels' argument. By admitting that he is exaggerating slightly, Daniels can point out that many classes do have most if not all of the negative aspects of Mary's class・ It is also psychologically sound to admit a shortcoming of one's argument, as it helps establish the writer as a reasonable pers on.3.According to Daniels, the lecture system harms professors by reducing feedback from students to aminimum. What is usefid about about feedback from students?Answer students9 comments indicate they dorf t understand something, the teacher can then do something to help students improve their understanding. Students comments may also help teachers decide which activities and materials are effective and ineffective. Also, the knowledge that their view counts in class may motivate students to get involved with class work.4.How do your experiences in both lecture classesand smaller classes compare with Daniels f sdescriptions? As a student, which type of class do you prefer? Why? If you were an instructor, which type of class would you prefer to teach ? Why?A ns vver: Ans wer s will vary ・Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Colleges and universities should offer interactive, not lecture, classes to first- and second-year students (4, 15).1.The lecture system is outmoded (4).2.It is inadequate for students, especially less experienced students (5-11)・3.It is harmful to educators (12).4.The lecture system continues because administrators like its profitability and teachers andstudents find it easier (13).5.Small, interactive classes benefit both students and teachers (14).。
美国大学的作文考试题
美国大学的作文考试题1、谁是你们这代的代言人？他或她传达了什么信息？你同意吗？为什么？2、有种理论认为：伟大的领袖人物都是由他们所处的详细的时代创造产生的。
照你的看法，伟大人物的产生，是由于所处的环境，还是由于个人的特质？试举出一位人物来支持你的观点。
3、在愚蠢的错误和聪明的失误之间总是存在着重大的不同。
请说一说你的一个聪明的失误，并且解释一下它怎么给你或他人带来益处。
4、罗马教皇八世Boniface要求艺术家Giotto放手去画一个完美的圆来证实自己的艺术技巧。
什么看似简单的行为能表现你的才能和技巧？怎么去表现？1、想像你是某两个着名人物的后代，谁是你的父母呢？他们将什么样的素质传给了你？2、假设一个平常的日子被加上了4小时35分钟，你将会做什么不同的事？3、开车进芝加哥市区，从肯尼迪高速公路上能看到一个表现着名的芝加哥特征的建筑壁饰。
如果你可以在这座建筑物的墙上画任何东西，你将画什么，为什么？1、你认为什么思想、创造、发现或创造到目前为止对你的人生产生了最大的影响？请简要说明。
2、什么是你曾经不得不作出的最困难的决定？你是怎么作的？3、直至你目前的生活，你的什么详细的成功给了你最大的满足？从作文题目选择性上看，国外的作文考试，学生都有多个题目可以选择，换句话说就是可以根据个人的兴趣或专长选择作文题目。
从作文题目开放性上看，我国倾向于限制性的命题模式，比方今年的09高考海南卷作文题：材料作文《老实善良》。
《老实善良》这个题目本身，已经用人们的道德价值观限制住了考生的思维发挥空间。
而江苏省高考作文题目：品味时尚。
这个题目对农村孩子来说就很有难度了，如果说勤奋读书考大学也算是时尚的话，这个题目倒还算公平。
比照来看，外国的作文题更为开放，学生可以发表不同的意见和看法，而且这些看法没有明显的对错之分，也没有条条框框的限制。
不过今年的作文题目中也不乏开放性较强的，比方我有《一双隐形的翅膀》《我说90后》等，但总体来说还是停留在让考生言之有物的标准上。
美国大学英语写作分级测试作文题目
美国大学英语写作分级测试作文题目全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey everyone! Today I wanna talk about the English writing test in American universities. It's super important 'cause it helps teachers know how good your English writing skills are.First, let's talk about the test itself. You gotta write a long essay about a topic they give you. It could be anything from "Why is reading important?" to "How does technology affect our lives?" You gotta write at least 2000 words, which is a loooot of writing.Next, let's talk about how to do well on the test. Make sure you plan out your essay first. Think about what you wanna say in each paragraph and write a little outline. Then, start writing your essay. Remember to have a strong introduction, body paragraphs with examples, and a conclusion that sums it all up. Also, don't forget to use good grammar and spelling. You don't wanna lose points for silly mistakes.Finally, practice makes perfect. Try writing essays on different topics every day. Ask a teacher or parent to read andgive you feedback. This way, you'll get better at writing in English and be ready for the big test.So, there you have it. Writing the English test in American universities is super important. But if you plan well, practice a lot, and pay attention to details, you'll do great! Keep writing, keep practicing, and you'll ace that test for sure. Good luck!篇2Oh boy, writing a 2000-word essay for the American College English Writing Proficiency Test sounds like a tough cookie! But hey, no worries, I'll give it my best shot!My topic for this essay is "The Importance of Education in Shaping Our Future". Education is super duper important because it helps us learn new stuff, grow our brains, and become smarter. Without education, we wouldn't know how to read, write, or do math. That would be a bummer!In school, we learn about all kinds of cool things like science, history, and art. Education helps us understand the world around us and makes us better at solving problems. Plus, it opens up lots of new opportunities for us in the future. Like, if we want to be a doctor, a teacher, or an astronaut, we gotta go to school and learn lots of stuff first.Education also helps us become good citizens who can make a positive impact on the world. We learn about things like kindness, respect, and teamwork in school. This helps us become good friends, neighbors, and leaders in our community.So, let's all work hard in school, keep on learning, and use our education to make the world a better place. The future is bright for us kids who are getting a good education!篇3Title: My Experience in the American University English Writing Level TestHi everyone! So, today I want to share with you all about the English writing level test that I took in the American university. It was super cool, but also a bit challenging. Let me tell you all about it!First of all, when I got to the test center, I was so excited but also a little bit nervous. The room was big and there were a lot of other students there too. The test started with some easy questions like grammar and vocabulary. I felt pretty confident answering those questions because I have been studying English for a long time.But then, things got a bit harder. We had to write an essay on a given topic. The topic was about describing our favorite place in the world. I chose to write about the beach because I love going there with my family. I tried my best to use all the grammar and vocabulary that I knew to make my essay sound good.After the test, I was so relieved that it was over. I felt like I tried my best and that's all that matters. I think I did pretty well on the test, but I won't know for sure until I get my results back.Overall, the English writing level test in the American university was a great experience. It was challenging, but also fun.I learned a lot from it and I can't wait to see how I did. I hope I did well and can continue to improve my English writing skills in the future. Thank you for listening to my story, guys!篇4Hello everyone! Today I want to tell you about the English writing placement test for universities in the United States. It is a test that helps universities determine which English writing course is best for you.The English writing placement test usually consists of writing an essay on a given topic. The topics can be about anything fromyour favorite hobby to a current social issue. The most important thing is to express your ideas clearly and logically.When writing the essay, it is important to follow the basic structure of an essay. Start with an introduction where you introduce the topic and state your thesis statement. Then, write the body paragraphs where you provide evidence and examples to support your thesis. Finally, end with a conclusion where you summarize your main points.It is also important to use proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Make sure to proofread your essay before submitting it to avoid any mistakes.If you are not sure about your English writing skills, don't worry! There are different levels of English writing courses at universities to help you improve. Just do your best on the placement test and don't be afraid to ask for help if you need it.In conclusion, the English writing placement test is an important step in your university journey. Just remember to stay calm, think clearly, and write with confidence. Good luck!篇5Okie dokie! Here's my essay about the topic of "American University English Writing Placement Test" in a more kid-friendly way:Yay! I had to take a test called the American University English Writing Placement Test to see how well I can write in English. It was so cool and I was a little bit nervous at first, but then I remembered to just do my best! The test had different levels and I had to write an essay to show how good I am at writing in English.I started by reading the prompt and thinking about what I wanted to say. Then, I made a plan in my head about how to organize my ideas. I remembered to use good sentences and make sure my writing was clear and easy to understand. I talked about my hobbies, my family, and my favorite things to do. I also wrote about why I like English and how I practice it every day.After I finished writing my essay, I checked it to make sure there were no mistakes. I fixed any errors I found and made sure everything sounded good. Then, I handed it in and crossed my fingers that I did a good job!I was so excited when I got my results back and found out that I did really well on the test! I felt so proud of myself for trying my best and doing a good job. I can't wait to keeppracticing my English and getting even better at writing! Yay for English writing tests!篇6If you were asked to write an essay for an English writing placement test for a college in the USA, it might sound something like this:Title: My Summer AdventuresHey guys! So, I wanna tell you about my summer vacation. It was so cool! Me and my family went to this awesome beach in Florida. The sand was so white and the water was super clear. We built sandcastles and played in the waves all day long.One day, we went on a boat tour and saw dolphins swimming in the ocean. It was the coolest thing I've ever seen! I even got to feed a seagull some crackers. It was so funny watching it try to catch them in mid-air.At night, we roasted marshmallows and made s'mores by the campfire. We sang songs and told stories until it was time to go to bed. I'll never forget those warm summer nights under the stars.Overall, my summer vacation was amazing and I can't wait to go back next year. I'm so grateful for all the fun memories I made with my family. Summer is the best time of year!So, what did you do this summer? Let me know in the comments below. Can't wait to hear all about your adventures!篇7Title: My Experience with the American College English Writing Placement TestHi everyone! Today I want to tell you all about my experience with the American college English writing placement test. It was a big deal for me because it would determine which English class I would be placed in at college.First, I had to write an essay on a given topic. The topic was about my favorite hobby and why I liked it. I chose to write about playing soccer because I love playing with my friends and it keeps me active and healthy.I tried my best to use good vocabulary and grammar in my essay. I also made sure to include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. I even added some examples and details to support my ideas.After I finished writing the essay, I had to do some multiple choice questions about grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure. Some of them were tricky, but I remembered what my English teacher taught me and I did my best to answer them correctly.Overall, the test was challenging but I felt proud of myself for completing it. I hope I did well and can get into a good English class in college. I will keep practicing my writing skills so I can continue to improve.Thanks for listening to my story! Have you ever taken a placement test before? Let me know in the comments below. Bye!篇8Title: My Experience Taking the American University English Writing Placement TestHi everyone! Today I want to tell you about my experience taking the American University English Writing Placement Test. It was super exciting but also a little bit scary!First, let me tell you what the test was all about. The test was to see how well I could write in English. There were a lot ofquestions that asked me to write essays about different topics. Some of the topics were really easy, like “My Favorite Animal” or “What I Did Last Summer.” But some of them were super hard, like “The Impact of Technology on Society” or “Climate Change and Its Effects.”I was really nervous when I first started the test. I wasn’t sure if I would be able to write good essays on all the topics. But once I got into it, I found that I actually knew a lot more than I thought! I wrote about my dog, who is my favorite animal, and about how I went to the beach last summer. I also wrote about how technology can be both good and bad for society, and how we need to take care of the environment because of climate change.By the time I finished the test, I was so proud of myself! I had written all my essays and I felt like I had done a really good job. I can’t wait to find out my score and see if I can skip any English classes in college!Taking the American University English Writing Placement Test was definitely a challenge, but it was also a lot of fun. I learned that I can write really well in English, and I can’t wait to keep practicing and getting even better. I hope all of you can dothe same too! Thanks for listening to my story, and I’ll see you next time!篇9Hey, do you want to hear about the writing test I took in college? It was so hard! We had to write an essay that was more than 2000 words long. Can you believe it? The topic was about the best ways to stay healthy in college. I had to come up with a bunch of ideas and reasons to support them.First, I talked about eating healthy. I said that it's important to eat lots of fruits and vegetables, and to avoid junk food. I also mentioned how drinking enough water is super important for staying healthy.Next, I talked about exercising regularly. I said that going to the gym or doing yoga or taking a dance class are all great ways to stay active. I also mentioned how important it is to get enough sleep and manage stress.Finally, I talked about the importance of taking care of your mental health. I said that it's important to take breaks and relax, and to talk to someone if you're feeling overwhelmed.I had to write all of this in a really organized way, with a strong introduction and conclusion. It was a lot of work, but I think I did my best. I hope I get a good grade on it!篇10Oh my goodness! Today in school we had this super long test called the "Grade Level Test for English Writing in American Universities". It was sooo hard but I tried my best! The test had questions where we had to write essays, like one question was "What is the impact of social media on teenagers?" and another was "Discuss the importance of a college education". It was crazy because we had to write so much! I had to write about 2000 words in total! I felt like my hand was going to fall off from writing so much!I did my best to answer all the questions and tried to make my writing really nice and neat. I used big words that I learned in school and tried to organize my ideas in a cool way. I also made sure to check my spelling and punctuation because I didn't want to make any mistakes.After I finished the test, I felt super proud of myself for trying my best. Even though it was hard, I had fun writing the essays and expressing my ideas. I hope I did well on the test and get agood grade! Maybe one day I'll go to a cool American university and write even more awesome essays! Writing is so much fun!。
《美国大学英语写作》课后习题答案
Suggested Answers for “The Yellow Ribbon”—by Pete Hamill (P. 210)1.Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back.2.b3.a4.B5.Two examples: Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.”6.Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity about being in jail.He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.7. Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th StreetOther transition: Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick8.But if she didn’t...9.Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about her traveling experience.10.The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedly when they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home nervously.We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when he walks into his home.The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely.P.256--Taming the Anger Monster: by Anne Davidson1. d2. Anger has become an increasingly common problem in our society.3. “According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience.”4. Effect: An epidemic of anger Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension6. B7.8.To begin with Technology is also Tension, the third major culprit9.D10.The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The last paragraph shows how that story was successfully resolved.P289.--Born to Be Different?: by Camille Lewisc 2. a 3. D4. She lists a series of examples where the “empathizing” mindset is evident:female-dominated careers, female reading matter, and female relationships5. Brain anatomyWays of interacting with the worldWays of problem solving6. Lewis presents her essay point by point. The first point is about brain anatomy, thesecond is about interacting with the world, and the third is about problem solving.For each point, she discusses women and then men.7.8. On the other hand (7)In contrast (9)But (11)9.d 10 aP.508--Suggested Answers for “Shame”—Dick Gregory (P.508)Note: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 584-5851. A2. D3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. a Answers b, c, and d are too narrow.5. c See Paragraph 66. True See Paragraph 237. a See Paragraph 58. B. The entire incident with the Community Chest Fund shows Richard’s pride9. b Richard’s teacher ignores his problems and humiliates him in front of the entire class;see paragraphs 5 through 26.10. b Helene cries over Richard’s humiliation; see paragraph 23.Structure and Technique, 5851. In paragraphs 1 and 2, Gregory mentions several steps he took to impress Helene Tucker.What were they? Why does he include them in his essay?Answer:In order to impress Helene, Gregory brushed his hair, got a handkerchief, washed his socks and shirt every night, shoveled the snow off her walk, tried to make friends with her mother and aunts, and left money on her stoop. He describes those steps in detail because, besides demonstrating his devotion to Helene, they give a clear picture of Gregory’s poverty.2. A metaphor is a suggested comparison. What metaphor does Gregory use in paragraph 5, andwhat is its purpose? What metaphor does he use in the second sentence of paragraph 7, andwhat does it mean?Answer:In paragraph 5, Gregory uses the metaphor that he was pregnant to suggest the effects of poverty on him—it gave him strange tastes, which pregnant people get. It also filled him (as pregnancy fills someone), but with negative things: poverty, dirt, “smells that made people turn away,” and so on.In the second sentence of paragraph 7, Gregory uses the metaphor of a flying eagle to represent the movement of money. (A picture of an eagle is engraved on one side of a quarter).3. In narrating the incidents in the classroom and in the restaurant, Gregory chooses toprovide actual dialogue rather than merely to tell what happened. Why?Answer:By using the exact words spoken by Helene, the teacher, and himself, Gregory givesa very clear picture of what happened by allowing the reader to “experience” it, rather thansimply hear a general summary. The dialogue between Helene and the teacher shows Helene as an ideal little student who received approval from the teacher. The dialogue between Gregory and the teacher, however, clearly demonstrates Gregory’s eagerness to impress Helene and his unsuccessful, embarrassing attempt to gain the teacher’s approval. If Gregory had merely described what had happened, we would have a much less vivid impression of the characters involved.4. At the end of the essay, Gregory shifts his focus from the classroom to the scene involving the winoat the restaurant. What is the connection between this closing scene and the rest of the essay?Answer:In the body of the essay, Gregory is narrating a time that he was shamed publicly and no one came to his defense. In the closing scene, Gregory realizes that he has done the same thing—that he, too, has witnessed a person being shamed without assisting him. He feels a new kind of “shame,” that of having failed to help another man in need.Critical Reading and Discussion,5861. When Gregory writes, “I never learned hate at home, or shame. I had to go to school forthat” (paragraph 1), he is using irony—an inconsistency between what is expected and what actually occurs. What does he mean by these two statements? What is the effect of his irony?Answer:Gregory means that although his home life was one of poverty and want, his home was not a place of inhumane values, such as hatred and shame. But at school, which on its surface was a more positive place, he was made to feel hatred and shame. The ironic statement intrigues the reader and makes him or her want to know more about what Gregory means.2. What are Gregory’s feelings about his teacher? What were your feelings about her as you readthis essay? What could the teacher have done or said that would not have made Gregory feel ashamed?Answer:Gregory seems sad and resentful that the teacher did not understand why he misbehaved in class and that she assumed he was stupid and a troublemaker. But he also wanted her approval badly, as seen by the Community Chest incident and the fact that he gota “big thrill” out of being chosen to clean the blackboard. Students’ suggestions about theteacher will vary. One possibility: She could have merely thanked Gregory in class and then spoken to him privately later if she doubted that he could contribute to Community Chest.3. Gregory shows how a childhood incident taught him shame. What other important lessons does Gregory learn in this essay? Explain.Answer:From paragraph 3, in which Gregory talks about his accomplishments later in life, we can conclude that he learned he could boost his self-esteem through his own efforts.Paragraph 5 shows that from his own experiences, he learned that children who are hungry and poor may feel invisible and so behave in ways that attract attention. From his experience with the wino, he learned that in order to feel good about himself, he would have to start standing up for other people who were shamed.4. At the end of his essay, Gregory says, “I waited too long to help another man.” Why do youthink he waited so long to assist the wino? What are some reasons people do not always help others who are in need (for example, ignoring a homeless person seated on the sidewalk)?Answer:Gregory probably had many reasons for not helping the wino sooner: embarrassment at drawing attention to himself, reluctance to part with his hard-earned money, not wanting to get in trouble with Mr. Williams, not knowing the wino and thus feeling the affair wasn’t his business, etc. People have similar reasons for not helping others in need. In addition, people who ignore a homeless man may feel that the man’s problems—maybe including substance abuse or mental illness—are so big and deep-rooted that they are not qualified to help him in any effective way.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Living poor was, for the author, a humiliating experience.1. He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and, worse, in front of Helene Tucker(7-23).2. Everybody knew he was a “worthy boy” who had no Dad and no money (28).3. His self-pity prevented him from helping another poor man, the wino (29-37).P.567 Suggested Answers for “Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising” by Ann McClintockNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,648-6491. b2. d3. b Answer a is too broad; answers c and d are too narrow.4. c Answers a and b are too narrow; answer d is too broad.5. b Paragraph 96. d Paragraphs 18-197. c Paragraph 168. c Paragraph 239. b10. aStructure and Technique, 649-6501. In paragraph 1, McClintock’s choice of words reveals her attitudes toward bothpropagandists and the public. What specific words reveal her attitudes, and what attitudes do they represent?Answer:McClintock describes propagandists as “seducers” and “brainwashers.” She refers to their “alluring images,” their “tricks,” and their “charm.” She describes the public as “content”and “eager . . . victims.” Her choice of words makes it clear that she thinks propagandists are untrustworthy and interested in taking unfair advantage of a too-trusting public.2. What key term does McClintock define in paragraph 2? Why does she define it here? Whereelse in the essay does she use the technique of definition?Answer:She defines the term “propaganda.” She places the definition close to the beginning because it is so essential to the reader’s understanding of the rest of her essay. Other points at which McClintock uses definition are in paragraphs 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, and 21. In each of those paragraphs, she defines a particular propaganda technique.3. McClintock uses parentheses in two lists, the ones in paragraphs 7 and 19. What purpose dothese parentheses serve?Answer:Paragraph 7 lists “high-sounding but basically empty phrases.” The author uses parentheses to add comments that reveal the emptiness of those listed phrases. Paragraph 19 lists claims that include “weasel words.” The author uses parentheses to show just how insubstantial those weasel words are.4 . McClintock provides abundant examples throughout her essay. Why does she provide so manyexamples? What does she accomplish with this technique?Answer:McClintock’s many examples, drawn from the television and print ads we all see every day, clarify her definitions and demonstrate that propaganda techniques are truly a factor in everyday life. The examples make the reader more aware of the effects of propaganda on decisions he or she makes.Critical Reading and Discussion,6501. Some of the propaganda techniques listed in the selection have contrasting appeals. How doname-calling and glittering generalities contrast with each other? Testimonials and plain folks?Answer:Name-calling appeals to the instincts of fear, anger, and mistrust. Name-calling propaganda encourages the public to reject something or someone. Glittering generalities, on the other hand, appeal to the public’s positive emotions: love, attraction, patriotism. The public is asked to accept the thing or person advertised by associating it with those emotions.Testimonials depend on the public’s interest in or affection for celebrities—people ordinary viewers don’t know but admire and see as bigger and more important than themselves. By contrast, plain folks advertising is based on the idea that the public likes to see ordinary people—people like themselves—in the products and services they buy.2. Why are ads that use the bandwagon approach so effective? What ads have you seenrecently that use that approach?Answer:The bandwagon technique is effective because of the human need to be part of a group. We feel safe and secure when we are surrounded by people who agree with us about something—even something as trivial as what frozen coffee cake is best (“Nobody doesn’t like Sara Lee”). Answers to the second question will vary.3. The author states, “Americans, adults and children alike, are being seduced.” What mightbe the differences between the ways adults and children react to the seductions of advertising?Answer:Answers will vary.4. McClintock states, “We are victims, seemingly content—even eager—to be victimized”(paragraph 1). Do you agree? Is this article likely to change how you view ads in the future?Why or why not?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: People should detect and understand common propaganda techniques, which appealto the emotions rather than to logic.1. We are bombarded with ads, which present biased messages through various propagandatechniques, including seven common ones (1-4).2. Name calling—referring to a competitor with negatively charged names or comments (5).3. Glittering generalities—making important-sounding general claims with no explanation (6-8).4. Transfer—associating something with a symbol or image most people respect and admire (9-11).5. Testimonial—promoting something with the support of a celebrity (12-15).6. Plain folks—associating something with the average person (16-17).7. Card stacking—making something sound good by suppressing relevant evidence ormaking an unfinished claim (18-19).8. Bandwagon—appealing to people’s desire to do what many others are doing (20-21).9. Use critical thinking to avoid reacting emotionally to ads (22-23).P.592 Suggested Answers for “Here’s to Your Health”—Joan DunayerNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,667-6681. c2. c3. d Answers a, b, and c are too narrow.4. c Answer a is too narrow; answer b is too broad; answer d, never directlystated in the article, is too narrow.5. b Paragraph 66. False Paragraph 47. True Paragraph 88. a9. False Paragraphs 6 and 810. d Paragraphs 4 and 8Structure and Technique,668-6691. What method of introduction does Dunayer use? What effect do you think she hoped toachieve with this introduction?Answer:She uses an anecdote. By telling a brief story about Tod’s experience, she puts a human face on the larger idea that alcohol abuse is linked to societal pressure. It also sets the tone for Dunayer’s thesis by showing the potential danger of even small amounts of alcohol. 2. Dunayer introduces her criticism of alcohol with the words “Part of the myth is . . . .” (Seethe first sentence of paragraph 3.) What addition transitions does she use to introduce each of the three other parts of the myth (in the first sentences of paragraphs 5, 7, and 9)? What is gained by the use of these transitions?Answer:The three addition transitions are “another,” “also,” and “finally.” Each transition makes the reader aware that one element of the myth is being introduced.3. The body of Dunayer’s essay is made up of four pairs of paragraphs (paragraphs 3 and 4; 5and 6; 7 and 8; 9 and 10). What is the relationship between the paragraphs in each pair? In which of the two paragraphs does Dunayer present her own perspective? Why do you think she puts her own perspective in that paragraph?Answer:In the first paragraph of each pair, Dunayer presents one part of the alcohol myth.She begins each second paragraph with a topic sentence that represents her perspective. She then goes on to support her topic sentence with a series of facts. For example, below is the topic sentence of paragraph 4; it represents her perspective, which contradicts what the ad in paragraph 3 suggests about whiskey.Contrary to what the liquor company would have us believe, drinking is more closelyrelated to lack of success than to achievements.She then follows that sentence with supporting facts.By presenting her perspective after describing each part of the myth, Dunayer makes her points more dramatically: She sets up an appealing image in the first paragraph of each pair only to knock it down with force in the second one.4. In her essay, Dunayer provides vivid descriptions of alcohol advertisements, particularly inparagraphs 3 and 5. What vivid details does she provide? How do these details support her main point?Answer:In paragraph 3 she describes in detail the print ad showing two prosperous-looking businessmen in a restaurant, surrounded by fine crystal, velvet draperies, and spotless linen.In paragraph 5, she provides details about a beach scene: a young, beautiful, sexy woman; a young muscular man enticing her with a cold beer. By providing such detailed descriptions, Dunayer makes the reader very aware of the advertiser’s premise (alcohol will make you successful; alcohol will make you sexually attractive) behind such ads.Critical Reading and Discussion,6691. Dunayer presents and then rebuts four “myths” about alcohol. What are these four myths?According to Dunayer, what is the reality behind each myth?Answer:(1) Alcohol will make you professionally successful. In fact, says Dunayer, alcohol is frequently tied to low achievement and poverty. (2) Alcohol will make you sexually attractive.Dunayer says that alcohol actually lowers one’s hormones and can lead to impotence and infertility. (3) Alcohol and sports mix well. Dunayer points out that alcohol slows the reflexes, interferes with the eyes’ ability to focus, and increases the likelihood of various serious diseases. (4) Alcohol brings families closer together. In fact, Dunayer writes, alcohol is frequently involved in domestic violence, suicide, and birth defects.2. Dunayer concludes, “‘Here’s to your health’ rings with a terrible irony when it isaccompanied by the clink of liquor glasses” (paragraph 11). What is the “terrible irony” she refers to? How does this irony—already signaled in her essay’s title—relate to her main point?Answer:The irony is that alcohol, rather than promoting one’s health, is often tied to illness and misery. The irony is also implied in her main point—that while advertising myths promise us that alcohol will improve our lives, it is far more likely to have destructive effects.3. Do you think Dunayer’s essay about the myths of alcohol is one-sided, or is it balanced?Explain. What additional points could be used to support her point or to rebut it?Answer:The essay is one-sided in the sense that Dunayer does not include opinions from people who disagree with her. Other points she might have used to support her argument include the widespread idea among young people that using alcohol makes them seem more adult.Rebuttals of Dunayer’s argument could include the ideas that many people use alcohol responsibly and that the problem is not with the product itself but with irresponsible people’s misuse of it.4. Advertisers often create myths or use false ideas to get people to buy their products. Besidesalcohol ads, what are some other examples of manipulative or deceptive advertising? Do you think advertisers should be permitted to use such tactics to sell products?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and Support OutlineThesis: The media and our culture promote a false myth about alcohol.1. Part of the myth is that alcohol signals success; the reality is that alcohol can preventsuccess (3-4).2. Another part of the myth is that alcohol makes one sexually attractive; the reality is thatalcohol can make one less sexy (5-6).3. A third part of the myth is that alcohol combines well with athletics; the reality is thatalcohol slows people down and can lead to physical decline (7-8).4. The fourth part of the myth is that alcohol contributes to family happiness; the reality isthat alcohol can lead to great unhappiness.P.607 Suggested Answers for “College Lectures: Is Anybody Listening?” byDavid DanielsNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 683-6841. c2. a3. c Answers a, b and d are all too narrow, as each covers only a single point ofthe selection.4. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.5. d Paragraphs 5 and 76. a Paragraph 107. a Paragraph 108. a Paragraph 9 and 109. True Paragraphs 11 through 1310. c Paragraph 13Structure and Technique, 6841. Daniels begins his essay with an anecdote about a former teacher of his. How does thisintroduction relate to his thesis?Answer:The anecdote is an extreme example of a college teacher who seemed unaware of whether his students were listening to him or not. The professor serves as a caricature of the type of teaching Daniels is criticizing.2. Does Daniels directly state his thesis? If so, where is it stated?Answer:Daniels states his thesis at the end of paragraph 4: “The time is long overdue for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work.”3. In describing Mary’s classroom experience (paragraphs 5–7), Daniels provides numerousdetails. What are some of these details? How do they relate to the essay’s main idea?Answer:Some of the details provided include the huge class size, the lack of a roll call, the professor’s ancient notes, the lack of opportunity for student feedback, and the absence of quizzes. The details all contribute to the idea that lecture-heavy classes do a poor job of involving the student in the subject and stimulating his or her thinking.4. Daniels’s essay is an argument against the lecture system of education. What argumentationtechniques does he employ? (See pages 319–337 for information on argumentation.)Answer:Daniels uses four of the argumentation techniques explained in Chapter 16, “Argumentation,” pages 319–322:1) Point out common ground. Daniels points out common ground between him and schoolsthat support lectures. In paragraph 8, he admits that many schools supplement lectures with discussion groups and that some classes, such as first-year English, are relatively small.2) Acknowledge differing viewpoints. Daniels acknowledges (but does not support)viewpoints that differ from his. In paragraph 13, he states that administrators like lectures because they “can cram far more students into a lecture hall than into a discussion class.” He adds in the same paragraph that teachers and students find lectures easier because students can sit back and be passive and teachers can “engage in intellectual exhibitionism.”3) Grant the merits of differing viewpoints when appropriate. Daniels grants the merits ofopposing views in paragraph 15, where he states that lectures are “economically necessary” and also because they “spring from a tradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.”4) Rebut differing views. Daniels rebuts the support for lecture classes for first-andsecond-year students by stating the virtues of smaller classes, which are listed in paragraph 14: smaller classes force students to become more active, students’ listening skills improve, professors do a better job, and tests demand analysis and synthesis instead of “empty memorization.” And while Daniels supports the tradition of lectures in paragraph 15, he immediately argues against their use in the first two years of college.Critical Reading and Discussion,684-6851. Daniels states that “listening intelligently is hard work” (paragraph 9) and “Active learning. . . is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn” (paragraph10). Why might Daniels feel that listening is so hard? And why does he feel that activelearning is so good?Answer:In paragraph 10, Daniels mentions that listening actively involves special techniques, including these two: “trying to anticipate the speaker’s next point” and “taking notes selectively.” We can assume that he feels it takes time and practice to learn such techniques. In discussing active learning in paragraph 10, Daniels mentions several types: writing essays, performing experiments, and having work evaluated by an instructor. He obviously feels that these types of active work involve students in ways they are not ready to be involved in as listeners.2. In paragraph 8, Daniels acknowledges that he has exaggerated Mary’s negative classroomexperience, saying,“I admit this picture is overdrawn.” Does this admission strengthen or weaken his argument? Explain.Answer:The case could be made that the admission strengthens Daniels’ argument. By admitting that he is exaggerating slightly, Daniels can point out that many classes do have most if not all of the negative aspects of Mary’s class. It is also psychologically sound to admit a shortcoming of one’s argument, as it helps establish the writer as a reasonable person.3. According to Daniels, the lecture system harms professors by reducing feedback fromstudents to a minimum. What is useful about about feedback from students?Answer:If students’ comments indicate they don’t understand something, the teacher can then do something to help students improve their understanding. Students’ comments may also help teachers decide which activities and materials are effective and ineffective. Also, the knowledge that their view counts in class may motivate students to get involved with class work.4. How do your experiences in both lecture classes and smaller classes compare with Daniels’sdescriptions? As a student, which type of class do you prefer? Why? If you were an instructor, which type of class would you prefer to teach? Why?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Colleges and universities should offer interactive, not lecture, classes to first-and second-year students (4, 15).1. The lecture system is outmoded (4).2. It is inadequate for students, especially less experienced students (5-11).3. It is harmful to educators (12).4. The lecture system continues because administrators like its profitability and teachers andstudents find it easier (13).5. Small, interactive classes benefit both students and teachers (14).。
美国大学英文作文
美国大学英文作文I remember the first day I stepped onto the campus of my American university. It was a mix of excitement and nervousness, with so many new faces and a whole new environment to navigate. But I quickly found my way around and started to feel at home.The diversity at my university is incredible. There are students from all over the world, each bringing their own unique perspectives and experiences. It's been eye-opening to learn from people with such different backgrounds, andit's definitely broadened my horizons.One thing that has surprised me about American universities is the emphasis on student involvement. There are so many clubs, organizations, and activities to participate in, and it's encouraged to take advantage of these opportunities. I've joined a few clubs myself and have made some great friends through them.The professors at my university are really passionate about their subjects, and it's contagious. I've had some truly inspiring teachers who have pushed me to thinkcritically and challenge my own beliefs. It's been a refreshing change from the more rote learning style I was used to in my home country.Living on campus has been a new experience for me, butI've come to love it. There's always something going on, whether it's a sports game, a concert, or just hanging out with friends. It's been a great way to feel connected tothe university community.The resources available to students here are impressive. From career services to mental health support, there's alot of help and guidance available. It's reassuring to know that there are people and programs in place to support students through their academic and personal challenges.Overall, my experience at my American university has been incredibly rewarding. I've grown so much as a person and have made memories that will last a lifetime. I'mgrateful for the opportunities I've had here and can't wait to see what the rest of my time at university has in store.。
(整理)美国大学英语写作 课后答案PART 5
A NSWER KEYPART FIVE: READINGS FOR WRITINGAnswers are provided starting below for the comprehension questions, the structure/technique questions, and the discussion questions that follow each of the 21 reading selections. In addition, a suggested brief outline is provided for each reading selection. As explained on page 11 of this manual, the outline highlights the thesis of each selection and the main support for that thesis. Suggested Answers for “Thank You”—Alex HaleyNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 577-5781. c2. b3. a Answers b and c are too narrow; answer d is too broad.4. d Answers a and c are too narrow; answer b is an idea not mentioned in theselection.5. a Paragraph 16. c Paragraph 287. True Paragraph 148. a Paragraph 149. a Paragraph 2210. c Paragraph 12Structure and Technique,5791. Which pattern or patterns of development does Haley use in his essay? Explain.Answer: Much of “Thank You” is a narration of the story of Haley’s letters. As is usually the case with narration, that story also includes description (especially in paragraphs 1, 4, 19).However, Haley’s conclusion reveals that his essay is meant to be an argument for saying “thank you.” In paragraphs 28–30, he writes of encouraging students to say “thank you.”And to readers—of letters written on his stationery and of this reading—he addresses words that summarize his argument: “Find the good—and praise it.”2. Paragraph 4 contains a vivid description of part of Haley’s Thanksgiving night onthe Murzim. What sensory details (sight, smell, hearing, taste, and/or touch) does he provide?What is the effect of all these details?Answer:Haley provides details that appeal to three senses. First, he appeals to the sense of touch when he writes of the “great, deep draughts” he breathed in and the feeling in his feet of “vibrations from the deep-set, turbine diesels.” He appeals to the sense of sight with the images of the “white cook’s hat and the long apron” and of the movement of water “resistingthe skin of a ship.”And he appeals to the sense of hearing with the words “that slightly hissing sound the sea makes.”The effect of the descriptive details is a peaceful scene that sets the mood for Haley’s thoughts about Thanksgiving and the people he should thank.3. Most of Haley’s essay is about the three thank-you letters he wrote. Why do you think heincluded the anecdote about the helpful man at the airport? How is it related to his point about giving thanks?Answer:By including the anecdote about the helpful airline man, Haley shows that he feels it is important to give thanks to people in everyday situations, not just to our elders.This anecdote provides a transition from his first three letters of thanks (which apply only to the author) to his implied argument that we all should remember to thank others.4. Writers’most common purposes are to inform, to entertain, and to persuade. Whichpurpose—or purposes—do you think Haley has in mind?Answer:The information about Haley’s experiences and conclusions supports his central purpose, which is to persuade readers of the importance of giving thanks (28 and 30). Critical Reading and Discussion,5791. Before Haley decides to write to his loved ones, what series of thoughts and images goesthrough his mind as he reflects on the meaning of Thanksgiving? What is the connection between these traditional images and what Haley finally realizes?Answer:After having cooked dinner on the ship, Haley first thinks about “the historic . . .Pilgrims, Indians”and the foods typically associated with Thanksgiving (5). Yet this conventional imagery is inadequate, and Haley seeks a way to “personally apply” the holiday(6). He then thinks about giving thanks through prayer to God (6–7), but again feelsdissatisfied with this approach (8). Finally, Haley comes up with a more concrete and personal way to celebrate Thanksgiving: to thank the people in his life for all they have done for him (9). By going beyond the images of the holiday, Haley expands the traditional meaning of Thanksgiving to include a personal one.2. Alex Haley was far from home when he decided to thank the important people in his life. Ifhe had remained at home, do you think he would have still thanked these people? Why or why not?Answer:Answers will vary. Some students may say that Haley would probably have continued to take the important people in his life for granted if he had not been far away.They might reasonably argue that he needed time and distance to really appreciate what they had done for him.3. How does Haley feel about the three responses to his thank-you letters? What conclusionsabout human nature does he draw from these responses?Answer:All three letters left Haley “not only astounded, but more humbled than before” (20).The fact that his father was “moved” to answer his letter showed Haley how profoundly the thank-you letter had affected his father (22). By quoting parts of Reverend Nelson’s letter, Haley implies that it brought him great satisfaction to have given the Reverend “welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated” (23). Grandma’s letter evoked tears from Haley, who is moved by the gratitude that would cause her to spend hours responding to him(24).The three responses reveal something almost “mystical in human nature,”which Haley identifies as the secret “yearning . . . for more of their fellows to express appreciation for their efforts” (25).4. Haley is a world-renowned writer. Who might have influenced his decision to be a writer?What made these people such powerful role models in his life? In general, what would you say are the qualities of a good role model?Answer: Answers may vary, although one reasonable response is that all three people Haley thanked—as well as the other four who had died (10)—helped shape the person he has become and therefore influenced his decision to be a writer. The father’s insistence on the value and beauty of reading probably influenced Haley most profoundly (14). But Haley is also indebted to Reverend Nelson and Grandma, who trained him to be a good and moral human being with positive aspirations.Answers to the final question may vary, but students might cite, as qualities of a good role model, integrity, persistence, resilience, sensitivity, compassion, and the like.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: Writing thank-you letters taught the author the value of showing appreciation.1. His father was touched to learn that he had truly helped his own son (22).2. His school principal was reassured of his own self-worth as a result of an appreciative letter(23).3. His grandmother was just as grateful to him as he was to her (24).Suggested Answers for “Shame”—Dick GregoryNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 584-5851. a2. d3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. a Answers b, c, and d are too narrow.5. c Paragraph 66. True Paragraph 237. a Paragraph 58. b The entire incident with the Community Chest Fund shows Richard’spride; see also paragraph 28.9. b Richard’s teacher ignores his problems and humiliates him in front of theentire class; see paragraphs 5 through 26.10. b Helene cries over Richard’s humiliation; see paragraph 23.Structure and Technique, 5851. In paragraphs 1 and 2, Gregory mentions several steps he took to impress Helene Tucker.What were they? Why does he include them in his essay?Answer:In order to impress Helene, Gregory brushed his hair, got a handkerchief, washed his socks and shirt every night, shoveled the snow off her walk, tried to make friends with her mother and aunts, and left money on her stoop. He describes those steps in detail because, besides demonstrating his devotion to Helene, they give a clear picture of Gregory’s poverty.2. A metaphor is a suggested comparison. What metaphor does Gregory use in paragraph 5, andwhat is its purpose? What metaphor does he use in the second sentence of paragraph 7, and what does it mean?Answer:In paragraph 5, Gregory uses the metaphor that he was pregnant to suggest the effects of poverty on him—it gave him strange tastes, which pregnant people get. It also filled him (as pregnancy fills someone), but with negative things: poverty, dirt, “smells that made people turn away,” and so on.In the second sentence of paragraph 7, Gregory uses the metaphor of a flying eagle to represent the movement of money. (A picture of an eagle is engraved on one side of a quarter).3. In narrating the incidents in the classroom and in the restaurant, Gregory chooses toprovide actual dialogue rather than merely to tell what happened. Why?Answer:By using the exact words spoken by Helene, the teacher, and himself, Gregory givesa very clear picture of what happened by allowing the reader to “experience” it, rather thansimply hear a general summary. The dialogue between Helene and the teacher shows Helene as an ideal little student who received approval from the teacher. The dialogue between Gregory and the teacher, however, clearly demonstrates Gregory’s eagerness to impress Helene and his unsuccessful, embarrassing attempt to gain the teacher’s approval. If Gregory had merely described what had happened, we would have a much less vivid impression of the characters involved.4. At the end of the essay, Gregory shifts his focus from the classroom to the scene involving the winoat the restaurant. What is the connection between this closing scene and the rest of the essay?Answer:In the body of the essay, Gregory is narrating a time that he was shamed publicly and no one came to his defense. In the closing scene, Gregory realizes that he has done the same thing—that he, too, has witnessed a person being shamed without assisting him. He feels a new kind of “shame,” that of having failed to help another man in need.Critical Reading and Discussion,5861. When Gregory writes, “I never learned hate at home, or shame. I had to go to school forthat” (paragraph 1), he is using irony—an inconsistency between what is expected and what actually occurs. What does he mean by these two statements? What is the effect of his irony?Answer:Gregory means that although his home life was one of poverty and want, his home was not a place of inhumane values, such as hatred and shame. But at school, which on its surface was a more positive place, he was made to feel hatred and shame. The ironic statement intrigues the reader and makes him or her want to know more about what Gregory means.2. What are Gregory’s feelings about his teacher? What were your feelings about her as you readthis essay? What could the teacher have done or said that would not have made Gregory feel ashamed?Answer:Gregory seems sad and resentful that the teacher did not understand why he misbehaved in class and that she assumed he was stupid and a troublemaker. But he also wanted her approval badly, as seen by the Community Chest incident and the fact that he gota “big thrill” out of being chosen to clean the blackboard. Students’ suggestions about theteacher will vary. One possibility: She could have merely thanked Gregory in class and then spoken to him privately later if she doubted that he could contribute to Community Chest.3. Gregory shows how a childhood incident taught him shame. What other important lessons does Gregory learn in this essay? Explain.Answer:From paragraph 3, in which Gregory talks about his accomplishments later in life, we can conclude that he learned he could boost his self-esteem through his own efforts.Paragraph 5 shows that from his own experiences, he learned that children who are hungry and poor may feel invisible and so behave in ways that attract attention. From his experience with the wino, he learned that in order to feel good about himself, he would have to start standing up for other people who were shamed.4. At the end of his essay, Gregory says, “I waited too long to help another man.” Why do youthink he waited so long to assist the wino? What are some reasons people do not always help others who are in need (for example, ignoring a homeless person seated on the sidewalk)?Answer:Gregory probably had many reasons for not helping the wino sooner: embarrassment at drawing attention to himself, reluctance to part with his hard-earned money, not wanting to get in trouble with Mr. Williams, not knowing the wino and thus feeling the affair wasn’t his business, etc. People have similar reasons for not helping others in need. In addition, people who ignore a homeless man may feel that the man’s problems—maybe including substance abuse or mental illness—are so big and deep-rooted that they are not qualified to help him in any effective way.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Living poor was, for the author, a humiliating experience.1. He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and, worse, in front of Helene Tucker(7-23).2. Everybody knew he was a “worthy boy” who had no Dad and no money (28).3. His self-pity prevented him from helping another poor man, the wino (29-37). Suggested Answers for “I Became Her Target”—Roger WilkinsNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,589-5901. d2. a3. d Answers a and c are too broad; answer b is not supported by the selection.4. d Answers a, b, and c are too broad.5. d Paragraph 36. a Paragraph 67. b Paragraph 78. b Paragraph 29. c Paragraph 610. d Paragraph 11 (We know that Miss Bean had not intended to knock thepencil from his hand because she gasped when the pencil went flying.) Structure and Technique,5911. Which pattern of essay development—comparison, narration, or description—does Wilkinsuse in most of his essay? Explain.Answe r: Wilkins primarily uses narration. Although description is woven throughout, he is generally telling the story of his family’s move to Grand Rapids and a series of events that occurred there.2. Which kind of transition signal—addition, time, or space—does Wilkins use to move hisessay smoothly from one event to the next? Find at least four different words that are examples of this signal.Answe r: Wilkins uses time signals, including “before” (paragraph 2), “later” (7), “after,” (8), “final,”(11), and “afterward”(11). Time signals are often used in narratives to clarify the time relationships between events.3. In the first paragraph, Wilkins chooses to provide some historical background for his story.Why do you think he chose the specific details mentioned there? What might have been lost if these details had been excluded from the essay?Answe r: The historical events Wilkins lists provide helpful context for the story he is about to tell. By telling readers that he is writing about the World War II era, when the symbolic beginning of the civil rights movement was more than ten years away, he helps readers understand how unusual it was in those days for a single black student to enroll in a formerly all-white school. If Wilkins had not included the details and readers had assumed the story happened more recently, they would have been surprised to read of an all-white school where blacks were considered a novelty.4. A title can offer interesting insights into an essay, especially if the title acquires unexpectedmeanings. Before reading this essay, what did you think the title “I Became Her Target”might refer to? What additional meanings do you think Wilkins intended?Answe r: The first impression most readers are likely to get of the title is that someone “targeted”Wilkins in an unpleasant way, as in “targeted for criticism.”Wilkins’s real meaning seems to be twofold: that Miss Bean made him a “target” for her attention because she wanted to force other students to recognize him as a colleague, and later he became the literal “target” of the eraser she threw.Critical Reading and Discussion,5921. What does Wilkins mean by the term nonstandard person(paragraph 3)? Do you think helater felt more like a “standard” person? Why or why not?Answe r: At first, it seemed that “standard” in the Grand Rapids school could only mean white.As a nonwhite student, Wilkins was made to feel less than normal, adequate, or accepted. By saying in paragraph 11 that he became “just another kid in school,” Wilkins indicates that he came to feel more “standard.”2. Wilkins mentions several ways in which Miss Bean treated him differently from the way hewas treated by the other teachers at Creston. How did her approach differ from theirs? What does this approach reveal about Miss Bean—as a teacher and as a person?Answe r: Unlike Wilkins’s other teachers, who chose to ease him in by ignoring him for a while, Miss Bean made him talk in class immediately. She also asked him questions that required him to do his own thinking, not merely give the “correct”answer. Her approach reveals she was an effective teacher: she realized that if she did not take the lead, the otherstudents would isolate Wilkins. Also, she knew the value of encouraging students to think for themselves and express their own opinions. In addition, her approach reveals she was a sensitive person, concerned about Wilkins’s success in his new school.3. Wilkins says that initially he was Miss Bean’s “incipient teacher’s pet” (paragraph 6). Buthow did Miss Bean’s behavior toward him go beyond mere favoritism? In what way did her treatment of Wilkins affect how his peers regarded him?Answe r: Through her attention to Wilkins, Miss Bean was inviting him to demonstrate to the class that he was an intelligent, normal kid. By forcing him to give answers, to “clean up [another student’s] mess”and to present his opinions, she made it more likely that other students would see him as a person rather than as a “dark presence.”4. In paragraph 7, Wilkins says, “Miss Bean became the first teacher ever to require me tothink.” Prior to Miss Bean’s class, what do you suspect Wilkins—and his classmates—were being taught to do in school? Describe a teacher who gave you “the sense that thinking was part of education.” In your opinion, what can teachers do to get students to think?Answe r: Wilkins’s comment suggests that his other teachers had primarily required him to memorize material and parrot it back. Answers to the rest of the question will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: A teacher helped the first black student in school to be accepted and to learnto think for himself.1. As a black newcomer to an all-white school in a bigoted neighborhood before the era ofcivil rights, the author felt shame for being different (1-3).2. Miss Bean immediately began to give Wilkins “human dimensions” by including him inclass discussion (4-6).3. By requiring Wilkins to give his opinion on facts learned in class, Miss Bean showed him“that thinking was part of education”and that he could “form opinions that had some value” (7-10).4. By (accidentally) knocking a pencil from Wilkins’s hand with a tossed eraser, Miss Beanmade Wilkins “just another kid in school” (11).Suggested Answers for “The Ambivalence of Abortion”—Linda Bird Francke Note: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 596-5971. b2. d3. a Answer b gives an incorrect idea of how the author feels about the abortion;answers c and d are too narrow.4. c Answers a and d are too narrow; answer b does not reflect the author’sconfused feelings about the abortion.5. c Paragraph 66. False Paragraphs 4, 12, 207. d Paragraph 138. a Paragraph 39. c Paragraph 2710. True Paragraphs 5, 10Structure and Technique,597-5981. Which method of introduction—broad-to-narrow, anecdote, or questions—does Francke use?Why do you think she chose this way to begin her essay?Answer:Francke uses an anecdote, the story of how she and her husband decided she should have an abortion. By doing so, she immediately shows the reader that she is writing about something that is a very personal issue for her. In addition, the anecdote sets the tone of ambivalence of the piece (“Oh, how we tried to rationalize it that night”).2. A rhetorical question is one for which no answer is expected. In paragraph 14, Franckeposes an extended rhetorical question. What does she achieve by using this technique?Answer:While telling the reader what thoughts went through Francke’s mind before the abortion, the question also reveals a major source of her doubts: she has a great love and respect for all living things. Also, by framing these ideas in question form, she helps the reader better understand the ambivalence she felt.3. A simile is a figure of speech in which a writer compares one thing to another very differentthing, using the word like or as to bring out a surprising relationship between the two. In paragraph 19, Francke uses a simile when she writes that her baby “was sucked up like ashes after a cocktail party.” Why does she use this particular simile? What view of abortion does it suggest?Answer:The image of ashes being vacuumed up suggests an unimportant bit of trash being cleaned up. Francke uses it to suggest a casual view of abortion in which the fetus didn’t matter.4. Repetition is one way of emphasizing an idea. In the final sentences of her essay, Franckeemploys repetition when she writes, “‘Of course we have room,’I cry to the ghost. ‘Of course, we do.’” What is she emphasizing by repeating the words “of course”? Where does she use repetition in paragraph 3, and what is she emphasizing there?Answer:By repeating “Of course,” she emphasizes that she regrets the abortion and wishes she and her husband could have welcomed the child into their lives. In paragraph 3, she repeats the word “agreed”: “There just wasn’t room in our lives now for another baby. We both agreed. And agreed. And agreed.”This repetition emphasizes the difficulty of the decision, the struggle Francke and her husband had to endure to come to their agreement. Critical Reading and Discussion,5981. In what ways are the staff at Women’s Services considerate to Francke and to the otherpatients? In what ways are they not considerate?Answer:They are considerate in terms of the patients’need for quick efficiency—they do their jobs well. They are cheerful and polite. They are less considerate by not acknowledging the mixed feelings their patients may have been having. By telling one scared patient, “By this afternoon you’ll be dancing a jig,” the aide brushes aside the woman’s fear. They do not appear to offer the women an opportunity to have second thoughts and cancel the abortion 2. Not everyone in this essay responds to abortion in the same way. What different responsesare apparent in Francke’s essay? In your opinion, what are the reasons for these differences?Answer:Francke herself felt sad and confused about her abortion. Other women at the center seemed “dazed,”while others seemed unmoved, as if “they were going right back to Bloomingdale’s.” Students’ answers to the second question will vary.3. At the end of Francke’s essay, the question about whether she supports abortion stillremains. From your sense of the essay, do you think Francke is for or against abortion after having had one? Why?Answer:Students’ answers will vary.4. Francke emphasizes her ambivalence toward abortion throughout the essay. Do you thinkambivalence is a valid position, or is it an easy way to avoid a difficult question? In general, should people have straightforward answers to complex questions? Explain.Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:Having an abortion was a complex decision the author sometimes regrets having made.1. She and her husband had difficulty rationalizing their decision (1-3).2. Her experiences at the Women’s Services clinic were physically and emotionally revolting(4-22).3. She sometimes sees the “ghost” of her unborn baby and seems to regret her choice (27).Suggested Answers for “Smash Thy Neighbor”—John McMurtryNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,604-4051. c2. b3. a Answers b and c are too broad; answer d is too narrow.4. d Answers a and c are too narrow; answer b contradicts the author.5. c Paragraphs 5 through 86. b Paragraphs 9 and 107. a Paragraph 188. c Paragraph 149. b Paragraph 1810. dStructure and Technique,605-6061. McMurtry uses several patterns of development in his essay: comparison-contrast,cause-effect, description, narration, and argumentation. Where does he use each of those patterns?Answer:McMurtry uses comparison-contrast in paragraphs 5–8, where he compares football and war, and 9–10, where he contrasts his early joy in football with what the game became.He uses cause-effect in paragraphs 15 and 17–18, talking about the game’s effect and players and audience. Description is found in numerous places, such as paragraph 11, in which he describes his injuries. Narration occurs in in paragraph 2, where McMurtry tells the story of his injury and hospitalization. The entire piece is argumentation—everything the author says is meant to support his argument that football in its present state is too violent. In addition to supporting his case forcefully throughout, he uses two specific argumentation strategies: 1) in paragraph 15, he states an opposing view of football, and 2) he then rebuts that view in paragraphs 16–18.2. McMurtry uses terms such as “body wreckage,”“body shattering,”and “skilledmasochism”to describe organized football. Find three other phrases the author uses to describe football (beginning with paragraph 9). What effect does McMurtry hope this language will have on the reader?Answer:“Brutal circus,”“crippling bodily moves,”“joyless drill,”“people-smashing,”and “angry antagonism” are among the descriptive phrases McMurtry uses. He wants the reader to conclude that football in its present form causes too much harm.3. In paragraph 11, McMurtry provides a series of details about the injuries he has sustainedplaying football. List some of these details. Why do you think he includes these personal details in his essay?Answer:The details McMurtry provides include torn knee ligaments, broken nose, broken jaw, torn ankle ligaments, fractured ankle, fractured ribs, torn cartilage, dislocated fingers and toes, and dislocated shoulder. McMurtry includes such details to give a powerful picture of the toll football has taken on his body and also to show that he is writing about a topic with which he has had considerable experience.4. In “Smash Thy Neighbor,”McMurtry repeatedly describes his own personal experienceswith football. What do these anecdotes contribute to the essay? How do they relate to the larger point he is trying to make?Answer:The anecdotes make it clear that even a thoughtful, intelligent man like McMurtry could become so nearly irrational in his attitude towards football: that he would do things to his opponents that he never would in his other life; that he would play despite injuries that threatened his health; that he became vicious and inhumane. By sharing his own experiences, he makes a persuasive point that organized football has very negative effects.Critical Reading and Discussion,6061. What is McMurtry’s current profession? How might his present position have influenced hisopinions about football?Answer:In paragraph 1, McMurtry says he is a university philosophy teacher. As a scholar and philosopher, McMurtry has probably spent a good deal of time thinking about his former life as a professional athlete. As a philosopher, he would know the works of Aristotle (cited in paragraph 15) and be capable of seeing the difference between the role of stage tragedy and bloody athletic contests.2. The author makes a comparison between war and football. Do you think this is a faircomparison? Why or why not?Answer:Answers will vary.3. According to McMurtry, what qualities of our society are reflected in football? What is youropinion of his analysis?Answer:In paragraph 14, McMurtry cites a Harvard study that says such qualities as “impersonal acceptance of inflicted injury,”the devotion of “organizational goals,”the “ability to turn oneself on and off,” and the desire to win are prized by our society, especially in business. Students’ opinion of the analysis will vary.4. In paragraphs 15–18, McMurtry points out—and then refutes—the belief that football benefitssociety. Do you believe that football and sports in general are harmful or helpful to society?Explain.Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support Outline。
美国大学英语写作 答案PART.3
A NSWER KEYPART THREE: SPECIAL SKILLS17 Taking Essay ExamsActivity (Step 2), 331First, Mark wrote down the heading and then numbered the sources of stress under it. Also, in parentheses beside each point he added an explanation (or:supporting material). Then he circled the four key words, and he wrote down the first letter of each word underneath his outline. Mark then used the first letter in each key word to make up a catchphrase that he could easily remember. Finally, he tested himself over and over until he could recall all four of the sources of stress that the first letters stood for. He also made sure that he recalled the supporting material that went with each idea.Activity (Step 3), 3321. b 4. c2. d 5. a3. eActivity 1 (Step 5), 3361. Mark begins with a sentence that clearly states what his paper is about.2. Notice the corrections that Mark made . . .3. The four signal words . . . are first, Another, third, and Most common (or:For example). Activity 2 (Step 5), 336Answers will vary.18 Writing a SummaryActivity 1, 339–345Here is a sample summary of the article “Power Learning”:“Power Learning”describes three proven techniques for improving study skills: time control, classroom note-taking, and textbook study.Time control is a matter of carefully scheduling your activities. The first step is to circle important dates on a large calendar. Record your study plan for one week or one day on the same calendar. This study plan should include set times for eating, going to classes, working, commuting, studying, and relaxing. Perhaps the best way to control your time is to make a list of the things you have to do. Mark the most important items on the list so that you will remember to do them first. Cross jobs off your list as you do them, and reschedule any uncompleted tasks.Class notes can also be improved if you follow a regular procedure. Attending classes regularly helps, as does developing a system of abbreviations to use in your notes. You should also record any information your instructor writes on the board or enumerates (presents in a numbered list). “Emphasis words”such as “important”or “chief”can also help you decide what to take notes on, since they indicate the main ideas. Examples and information on how ideas are related to each other should also be included. Filling in incomplete notes and reviewingthem soon after class help ensure that you have the complete record you need to understand and remember what was said.Finally, following an organized sequence of steps will help you master difficult textbooks. After making sure you understand the title of a textbook chapter, try skimming the first and last paragraphs to see if they introduce or summarize main ideas. Headings, subheadings, words in boldface or italic print, and pictures or diagrams provide further clues to key points. Once you have previewed the chapter, you should read it carefully, marking definitions and examples, enumerations, and emphasis words by highlighting, underlining, or adding symbols in the margins. As you read the material a second time, take notes in simplified outline form. Study these notes one section at a time by asking yourself questions and answering them without looking back at your notes.Therefore, improved study skills are the result of taking control of your time, improving your in-class note-taking, and studying textbooks in an organized way.Activities 2 and 3, 346 Activity (Summarizing a Book), 346 Answers will vary. Answers will vary.19 Writing a ReportActivities 1 and 2, 351Answers will vary.20 Writing a Résumé and Job Application LetterActivity, 357Answers will vary.21 Using the Library and the InternetActivity, 358Ans wers will vary.Activity (Card Catalog), 360–361A. 1. Answers will vary.2. subject sectionB. 1. Answers will vary. Example: Beloved2. Answers will vary. Example: Men at Work3. Edward Gibbon4. Richard Nelson Belles5. Answers will vary. Examples: Being Adopted: The Lifelong Search for Self—David M.Brodzinsky et al; Raising Adopted Children—Lois Ruskai Melina6. The Lives of a Cell Silent Springa. Lewis Thomas a. Rachel Carsonb. Viking b. Fawcett Crest orHoughton Mifflinc. 1974 c. 1964 (Fawcett) or1994 (Houghton Mifflin)d. QH331/T45 d. QH545.P4/C38e. Biology— e. Pesticides—Environmental aspectsPhilosophyPesticides—ToxicologyPesticides and wildlifeInsect pests—biological control7. Answers will vary, depending on the books chosen.Activity (Book Stacks), 362–363Option 1: Library of Congress System Option 2: Dewey Decimal System1. d1. c2. a2. c3. c 3. bActivity 1, 3651. Find books on your topic or Research a topic through the subject section of the book file.2. Find articles on your topic or Research a topic through the subject section of magazine files. Activity 2, 365-366Answers will vary.Activity, 373–375Answers will vary.22 Writing a Research PaperActivity (Works Cited), 3861. Zuckerman, Larry. The Potato. Boston: Faber and Faber, 1998.2. Gibbs, Nancy. “The Age of Ritalin.” Time 30 Nov. 1998: 86-96.3. Stone, Andrea. “Today’s Military Tougher on Families.” USA Today 27 Nov. 1998:1A-2A.4. Papalia, Diane E., and Sally W. Olds. Human Development. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.5. Hitchens, Christopher. “Goodbye to All That.” Harper’s Nov. 1998: 37-47.。
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美国大学的精选作文考试习题
美国西北大学精选作文习题
⑴谁是你们这代的代言人？他或她传达了什么信息？你同意吗？为什么？
⑵有种理论认为：伟大的领袖人物都是由他们所处的详细的时代创造产生的。
照你的看法，伟大人物的产生，是由于所处的环境，还是由于个人的特质？试举出一位人物来支持你的观点。
⑶在愚笨的错误和聪明的失误之间总是存在着重大的不同。
请说一说你的一个聪明的失误，并且解释一下它怎么给你或别人带来益处。
⑷罗马教皇八世Ｂoniface要求艺术家Ｇiotto放手去画一个完美的圆来证实自己的艺术技巧。
什么看似简单的行为能表现你的才能和技巧？怎么去表现？
美国芝加哥大学的精选作文习题
⑴想像你是某两个着名人物的后代，谁是你的父母呢？他们将什么样的素质传给了你？
⑵假设一个平常的日子被加上了4小时35分钟，你将会做什么不同的事？
⑶开车进芝加哥市区，从肯尼迪高速公路上能看到一个表现着名的芝加哥特征的建筑壁饰。
假如你可以在这座建筑物的墙上画任何东西，你将画什么，为什么？
美国普林斯顿大学精选作文习题
⑴你认为什么思想、发明、发现或创造到目前为止对你的人生产生了最大的影响？请简要说明。
⑵什么是你曾经不得不作出的最困难的决定？你是怎么作的？
⑶直至你目前的生活，你的什么详细的成功给了你最大的满足？
总结归纳：
●外国的精选作文考试给了学生更多的思维自由
从精选作文习题目选择性上看，国外的精选作文考试，学生都有多个习题目可以选择，换句话说就是可以根据个人的兴趣或专长选择精选作文习题目。
从精选作文习题目开放性上看，我国倾向于限制性的命习题模式，比如今年的09高考海南卷精选作文习题：材料精选作文《诚实善良》。
《诚实善良》这个习题目自己，已经用人们的道德价值观限制住了考生的思维发挥空间。
而江苏省高考精选作文习题目：品味时尚。
这个习题目对农村孩子来说就很有难度了，假如说勤奋读书考大学也算是时尚的话，这个习题目倒还算公平。
比照来看，外国的精选作文习题更为开放，学生可以发表不同的意见和看法，而且这些看法没有明显的对错之分，也没有条条框框的限制。
不过今年的精选作文习题目中也不乏开放性较强的，比如我有《一双隐形的翅膀》《我说90后》等，但总体来说还是停留在让考生言之有物的规范上。
●外国的精选作文考试侧重对学生想象及思考能力的考察
外国的精选作文命习题与我国的差异很大。
国情以及文化背景的不同导致了价值取向的不同，当然这两种取向并没有优劣之分。
但国
外的精选作文命习题更易使学生表达出自己的独特见解，进而引导学生关注社会，积极思考。
我国的高考精选作文侧重考察学生对文字运用能力，更关注考生文章的内容及形式。
当然文学写作是重要的，但也会使学生学生仅仅停留在对表象的描述上，而无法做到更深层次的思考。
我想矛盾在于：给学生发挥空间越大，评判规范的制定就越有难度，更何况中国的高考考生如此之多，假如照搬国外的精选作文考试模式，显然实现的可能性不大，但国外的命习题模式至少可以给我们的高考精选作文提供了一种可参考的命习题方式。