G20峰会相关英文
阿根廷二十国集团G20领导人峰会PPT模
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g20峰会英语简介
g20峰会英语简介不知道大家对g20峰会的了解有多少呢?下面由店铺为你提供的g20峰会英语简介，希望大家喜欢。
g20峰会英语简介(一)The Group of Twenty (G20) Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy was held Saturday local time in Washington, the first of its kind for the Group of 20 since it was founded in 1999. Heads of state of the Group of 20, as well as UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, and leaders of the international organizations such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund attended the meeting. Being held amid serious challenges to the world economy and financial markets, the summit issued a declaration, in which leaders say they are determined to enhance cooperation and work together to restore global growth and achieve needed reforms in the world's financial system. As widely expected before the summit, the leaders vow to implement reforms in order to strengthen financial markets and regulatory regimes so as to avoid future crisis.g20峰会英语简介(二)The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. It was founded in 1999 with the aim of studying, reviewing, and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability. It seeks to address issues that go beyond the responsibilities of any one organization.The G20 heads of government or heads of state have periodically conferred at summits since their initial meeting in 2008, and the group alsohosts separate meetings of finance ministers and central bank governors.With the G20 growing in stature after its inaugural leaders' summit in 2008, its leaders announced on 25 September 2009 that the group would replace the G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations. Since its inception, the G20's membership policies have been criticized by numerous intellectuals, and its summits have been a focus for major protests by anti-globalists, nationalists and others.The heads of the G20 nations met semi-annually at G20 summits between 2009 and 2010. Since the November 2011 Cannes summit, all G20 summits have been held annually.g20峰会英语简介(三)二十国集团 (Group20) 是1999年9月25日由八国集团的财长在华盛顿提出的，目的是防止类似亚洲金融风暴的重演，让有关国家就国际经济、货币政策举行非正式对话，以利于国际金融和货币体系的稳定。
G20峰会（G20Summit）
G20峰会（G20 Summit）The G20 summit stressed a road map to ensure a clear recovery of the economy06 2010 29 July 07:29 source: Shanghai Securities News participation (0): [font =] China: small big influence in the world improve, again to get the perfect interpretation in the just concluded G20 summit in Toronto. An important report Chinese President Hu Jintao made and put forward the view to get a strong reaction; after the declaration also marked with "China characteristics", especially the declaration of the conference of the "harmonious" debt reduction roadmap.After two days of intense discussions and consultations, "summit of the group of twenty Toronto declaration" local time 27 days finally born. As the Canadian Prime Minister Harper said at a news conference after the meeting, the meeting established a solid goal to promote economic recovery". Under this tone, the G20 summit also made a policy response to the sovereign debt crisis in Europe, which explicitly pointed out that the developed countries would halve their debts by 2013. However, any fiscal restructuring needs to be based on "growth friendly".Support the "growth friendly" debt reduction planThe summit is since the Pittsburgh summit decided to G20 for the first time since the first meeting of the world economic forum. The meeting is held in the fragile world economic recovery in the background, the leaders mainly discuss the world economic situation, the European sovereign debt crisis,"strong, sustainable and balanced growth framework", the reform of international financial institutions, international trade and financial supervision etc..Before the meeting, the United States and Europe on the first two party debt reduction or the first growth started this debate, but also no doubt become the focus of media attention. From the statement after the meeting, neither the United States nor Europe seemed to convince the opponent completely, but they also got what they needed."Strengthening recovery is the key." At the beginning of the summit declaration, it was made clear that, to some extent, it was the keynote of the summit. "The grim challenge remains, and although growth has been restored, the recovery is uneven and fragile." The G20 summit agreed.According to the European debt crisis is still in fermentation, the G20 summit is also a part of the answer is expected by the market, boost the confidence of the intention completely bared there and then. After the declaration of the first mentioned quantitative developed country debt reduction goals, namely the overall developed economies to 2013 reduced debt at least half, and debt accounted for the proportion of GDP is "steady or decreased in 2016".However, the declaration immediately changed the subject, said "we agreed that developed countries will continue to adhere to the fiscal stimulus, and" growth friendly fiscal "reorganization plan to communicate, so as to gradually implement in the future."The G20 summit stressed in particular that the path of fiscal adjustment needs to be carefully designed to support the recovery of private sector demand. What's more, countries are warning that major fiscal adjustments at the same time could have a negative impact on the global recovery.Bank regulation is not a one size fits allIn order to promote the "growth friendly" debt reduction roadmap, the G20 summit declaration also drew up three principles for the fiscal consolidation of developed countries:First, the financial restructuring plan needs to be credible. In other words, national debt reduction schemes should be carefully planned on the basis of their own economic growth and fiscal status, while the government should address specific measures to achieve long-term fiscal sustainability goals;Second, the major "negative countries" should immediately communicate with the medium-term financial plan. The speed and timetable for countries to recover fiscal stimulus and reduce deficits can vary according to specific circumstances. By 2011, however, advanced economies must begin the process of fiscal reform, and economies that are now facing greater fiscal challenges need to act sooner;Third, fiscal consolidation must focus on measures that can promote economic growth. The statement said countries should explore ways to use financial resources more effectively tohelp reduce the costs of forced intervention.According to the 27 day declaration, G20 said countries would ensure that banks raised capital substantially to avoid repeating the financial crisis. But countries that the capital framework concrete will be reached at the Seoul summit in November, countries agreed to implement the new capital standards before the end of 2012, but allow countries in accordance with the implementation of the new standards, specific stages in the period of 2012 is regarded as "efforts to achieve the goal".Considering that some countries have not experienced a severe financial crisis, some of the other banking system is relatively weak, the declaration of G20 added, the gradual implementation of the new rules of global "will reflect the starting point and different conditions, the initial differences around the new standards, will be narrowed gradually with the passage of time, the convergence of."Voting rights reform: November SummitThe G20 summit also agreed that monetary policy will remain appropriate to achieve price stability while continuing to make a positive contribution to economic recovery.On the reform of international financial institutions, the Toronto summit inherited the outcomes of the previous summits. According to the resolution of the Pittsburgh summit, the participating countries to implement the reform of the voting rights. In view of problem of quota of the InternationalMonetary Fund has not been completed, the Toronto summit called on countries to accelerate action to complete the first round of quota reform in South Korea in November this year before the Seoul summit, help emerging economies to obtain IMF more voting power.From developed and developing countries, the leaders reiterated that will be carried out at least 5% increase the voting power emerging economic reform commitment to reach a G20 summit in Pittsburgh last year. IMF President Kahn said IMF members need to decide on voting rights reform, but he expects China's voting rights to be "substantially increased"".In addition, the summit has made substantial progress in promoting international trade and investment, and in opposing protectionism. The summit declaration promised before the end of 2013, all countries will resist in the field of goods and services to improve or increase investment and trade barriers, against the increase of export restrictions, and oppose the implementation of the rules of the World Trade Organization contrary to the policy to stimulate exports. The reporter, editor Heng Daoqing Zhu ZhouliangBefore the G20 summit in Toronto, the parties concerned on the Levy of "bank tax" escalation of the war of words, so that this summit in the financial regulatory reform of the discussion is full of expectations. But after the publication of "summit of the group of twenty Toronto declaration" in terms of financial regulatory reform is not much attention, and will determine the Basel III bank to strengthen the quantity and quality of capital and other issues postponed to November this year held a G20summit in Seoul. China Bank Limited development planning department senior economic researcher Zhang Ying told reporters in an exclusive interview that, and before the three summit of the G20 of the relative "hatred" -- take the unprecedented consistency constraints of financial institutions of executive compensation, regulation of hedge funds, tax havens on different characteristics of the G20 summit in Toronto in a more strict financial supervision and the "common ground" -- seeking relative principles and objectives, but the specific policy differences among nations.Impose a "bank tax": choose yourself, do not demand consistencyBefore the G20 summit, the EU announced a high-profile will strive to explore in the global scope of a "financial transaction tax" on the agenda, and to promote the group of twenty members reached agreement on a "bank tax", but Canada, Japan and other countries opposed. As a result of differences among countries, the summit did not reach a compromise on the issue of "bank tax", and there was no paragraph in the declaration specifically referring to taxation. However, G20 "Declaration" pointed out that the root cause to take further measures to deal with the global financial crisis, the establishment of a more responsible and more transparency of the banking system, all parties agree to reflect the strengthening of financial supervision reform. Zhang Ying said that the summit in London and Pittsburgh,Financial supervision mainly emphasizes the constraint of executive compensation, financial institutions such as hedge fund regulation, tax havens and other aspects of the issue, thedifferences were not large; and at the Toronto summit, whether in the global scope of a unified collection of "bank tax" has caused great differences. The consensus reached at the summit is that countries can choose their own proper financial regulatory policies without increasing the burden of taxpayers' efforts to save the banking sector. The IMF27 submitted two bank tax collection programs aimed at recovering the cost of crisis response to the summit as an optional tool for some countries to recover the potential financial crisis costs from the banking sector.Zhang Ying said, because countries are affected by the financial crisis of varying degrees, so the collection of "bank tax" is quite different. China, Brazil, India, Canada, Japan, Australia, Switzerland and other countries have refused to levy any form of "bank tax" because the financial system has not been seriously damaged in the crisis". Although President Obama in January this year, to more than $50 billion of assets in bank deposit liabilities, total 0.15% levy 10 year "financial crisis responsibility tax", but in June 25th Obama went to attend the meeting with the representatives of both the house and the Senate agreement to finalize the financial reform bill did not include this content. The EU requires not only a "bank tax" to avoid again let the taxpayers bailed out banks, also hope that the implementation of "financial transaction tax", both in order to ease the public discontent in the banking sector, but also to reduce the huge fiscal deficits, obtain new sources of income support.However, according to Zhang Ying, although the British government said that if the bank is found to significantly taxavoidance will take legal punishment, but the estimated difference "bank tax", will constitute the basis of international capital flow and arbitrage. Market estimates, the British bank levy tax, bank deposits will intensify competition, more international business, HSBC, Standard Chartered Bank may take measures to put some taxed non deposit liabilities, especially short-term liabilities in the overseas account as much as possible.Capital adequacy standards: agreed to tighten, but delayedIn the G20 declaration, leaders of the world's largest economies promised that banks must hold enough capital to withstand future losses in 2008, when a major crisis in the world's largest banks was repeated. "When the relevant reforms are fully implemented, the amount of capital will increase significantly, and the quality of capital will be significantly improved."." But in view of the parties still exist large differences in capital buffers, G20 will be the last summit reached before the end of 2012 countries to implement the provisions of the Basel protocol III target downgraded to "aim", at the same time decided by the countries according to their own circumstances appropriate decided to implement the Basel agreement III time. Zhang Ying believes that the reason for the provisions of the G20 summit, the important point is that the financial regulatory reform bill in the United States covers a wide range of have been clearly defined, in order to prevent the bank achieved by the more stringent capital requirements and credit contraction, slow economic recovery, the bank will delay the more stringent regulatory capital requirements for 5 years. Skei Basil III therefore, the relevant financialregulatory provisions of the United States is the summit of the G20 agreement the benchmark to a certain extent.However, Zhang Ying believes that the U.S. financial regulatory reform bill reflected on the debate of the "Volcker rule" has only 3%: the bank's tier one capital to invest in hedge funds or private equity funds; banks except Valet trading interest rate and exchange rate by the central clearing of standardized derivative contracts, and other derivative contracts non standardized derivative contracts must be stripped to the holding company of Affiliated Companies, and to a corresponding increase in capital. She said that these new provisions not reform the original proposal of banning bank ownership, investment or sponsored hedge funds and private equity funds and proprietary trading that is tough, but also can prevent banks from excessive risk to a certain extent, will also encourage bank regulatory arbitrage, the G20 in future discussions on financial regulatory reform or will be used.。
g20和apec什么区别
g20和apec什么区别
G20杭州峰会和APEC会议的区别：
同为极具影响力的经济合作论坛，APEC的中文名称是亚洲太平洋经济合作组织，而G20则是二十国集团峰会。
由此可见，APEC更偏地区性，而G20峰会则是全球性峰会。
G20(Group20)又称20国集团，它是一个国际经济合作论坛。
1999年9月25日由八国集团的财长在华盛顿提出，于同年12月16日在德国柏林成立，属于布雷顿森林体系框架(指二战后以美元为中心的国际货币体系)内非正式对话
的一种机制，由原八国集团以及其余十二个重要经济体组成。
原八国集团：美国、日本、德国、法国、英国、意大利、加拿大、俄罗斯。
其余十二个重要经济体：欧盟(荷兰、西班牙等欧盟成员国也参与列席)、中、韩、澳大利亚、南非、印度、印度尼西亚、巴西、沙特、墨西哥、土耳其、阿根廷。
从2009年起每年举行两次峰会。
这些国家的国民生产总值约占全世界的90%，贸易占世界80%(包括欧盟内部贸易)，人口则将近世界总人口的2/3。
按惯例，G20还会邀请7个国际组织的领导人或代表与会——联合国、世界银行、国际货币基金组织、世界贸易组织、国际劳工组织、经济合作与发展组织和金融稳定委员会。
APEC是亚太地区21个经济体的领导人非正式会谈，是亚太地区最具影响的经济合作官方论坛。
G20是2008年全球金融危机之后成立的国际组织，包括8个经济发达体成员国、11个重要新兴工业国家以及欧盟经济实体。
APEC 是区域性峰会，G20是全球性峰会，后者所涉及的经济、政治利益国更加宽泛。
G20首尔峰会领导人宣言英文版全文
G20首尔峰会领导人宣言英文版全文THE G20 SEOUL SUMMITLEADERS’ DECLARATIONNOVEMBER 11 – 12, 20101. We, the Leaders of the G20, are united in our conviction that by working together we can secure a more prosperous future for the citizens of all countries.2. When we first gathered in November 2008 to address the most severe world recession our generation has ever confronted, we pledged to support and stabilize the global economy, and at the same time, to lay the foundation for reform, to ensure the world would never face such upheaval again.3. Over the past four Summits, we have worked with unprecedented cooperation to break the dramatic fall in the global economy to establish the basis for recovery and renewed growth.4. The concrete steps we have taken will help ensure we are better prepared to prevent and, if necessary, to withstand future crises. We pledge to continue our coordinated efforts and act together to generate strong, sustainable and balanced growth.5. We recognize the importance of addressing the concerns of the most vulnerable. To this end, we are determined to put jobs at the heart of the recovery, to provide social protection, decent work and also to ensure accelerated growth in low income countries (LICs).6. Our relentless and cooperative efforts over the last two years have delivered strong results. However, we must stay vigilant.7. Risks remain. Some of us are experiencing strong growth, while others face high levels of unemployment and sluggish recovery. Uneven growth and widening imbalances are fueling the temptation to diverge from global solutions into uncoordinated actions. However, uncoordinated policy actions will only lead to worse outcomes for all.8. Since 2008, a common view of the challenges of the world economy, the necessary responses and our determination to resist protectionism has enabled us to both address the root causes of the crisis and safeguard the recovery. We are agreed today to develop our common view to meet these new challenges and a path to strong, sustainable and balanced growth beyond the crisis.9. Today, the Seoul Summit delivers:·the Seoul Action Plan composed of comprehensive, cooperative and country-specific policy actions to move closer to our shared objective. The Plan includes our commitment to:- undertake macroeconomic policies, including fiscal consolidation where necessary, to ensure ongoing recovery and sustainable growth and enhance the stability of financial markets, in particular moving toward more market-determined exchange rate systems, enhancing exchange rate flexibility to reflect underlying economic fundamentals, and refraining from competitive devaluation of currencies. Advanced economies, including those with reserve currencies, will be vigilant against excess volatility and disorderly movements in exchange rates. These actions will help mitigate the risk of excessive volatility in capital flows facing some emerging countries;- implement a range of structural reforms that boost and sustain global demand, foster job creation, and increase the potential for growth; and- enhance the Mutual Assessment Process (MAP) to promote external sustainability. We will strengthen multilateral cooperation to promote external sustainability and pursue the full range of policies conducive to reducing excessive imbalances and maintaining current account imbalances at sustainable levels. Persistently large imbalances, assessed against indicative guidelines to be agreed by our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, warrant an assessment of their nature and the root causes of impediments to adjustment as part of the MAP, recognizing the need to take into account national or regional circumstances, including large commodity producers. These indicative guidelines composed of a range of indicators would serve as a mechanism to facilitate timely identification of large imbalances that require preventive and corrective actions to be taken. To support our efforts toward meeting these commitments, we c all on our Framework Working Group, with technical support from the IMF and other international organizations, to develop these indicative guidelines, with progress to be discussed by our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors in the first half of 2011; and, in Gyeongju, our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors called on the IMF to provide an assessment as part of the MAP on the progress toward external sustainability and the consistency of fiscal, monetary, financial sector, structural, exchange rate and other policies. In light of this, the first such assessment, to be based on the above mentioned indicative guidelines, will be initiated and undertaken in due course under the French Presidency.· a modernized IMF that better reflects the changes in the world economy through greater representation of dynamic emerging markets and developing countries. These comprehensive quota and governance reforms, as outlined in the Seoul Summit Document, will enhance the IMF’s legitimacy, credibilit y and effectiveness, making it an even stronger institution for promoting global financial stability and growth.·instruments to strengthen global financial safety nets, which help countries cope with financial volatility by providing them with practical tools to overcome sudden reversals of international capital flows.·core elements of a new financial regulatory framework, including bank capital and liquidity standards, as well as measures to better regulate and effectively resolve systemically important financial institutions, complemented by more effective oversight and supervision. This new framework, complemented by other achievements as outlined in the Seoul Summit Document, will ensure a more resilient financial system by reining in the past excesses of the financial sector and better serving the needs of our economies.·the Seoul Development Consensus for Shared Growth that sets out our commitment to work in partnership with other developing countries, and LICs in particular, to help them build the capacity to achieve and maximize their growth potential, thereby contributing to global rebalancing. The Seoul Consensus complements our commitment to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and focuses on concrete measures as summarized in our Multi-Year Action Plan on Development to make a tangible and significant difference in people’s lives, including in particular through the development of infrastructure in developing countries.·the Financial Inclusion Action Plan, the Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion and a flexible SME Finance Framework, all of which will significantly contribute to improving access to financial services and expanding opportunities for poor households and small and medium enterprises.·our strong commitment to direct our negotiators to engage in across-the-board negotiations to promptly bring the Doha Development Round to a successful, ambitious, comprehensive, and balanced conclusion consistent with the mandate of the Doha Development Round and built on the progress already achieved. We recognize that 2011 is a critical window of opportunity, albeit narrow, and that engagement among our representatives must intensify and expand. We now need to complete the end game. Once such an outcome is reached, we commit to seek ratification, where necessary, in our respective systems. We are also committed to resisting all forms of protectionist measures.10. We will continue to monitor and assess ongoing implementation of the commitments made today and in the past in a transparent and objective way. We hold ourselves accountable. What we promise, we will deliver.11. Building on our achievements to date, we have agreed to work further on macro-prudential policy frameworks; better reflect the perspective of emerging market economies in financial regulatory reforms; strengthen regulation and oversight of shadow banking; further work on regulation and supervision of commodity derivatives markets; improve market integrityand efficiency; enhance consumer protection; pursue all outstanding governance reform issues at the IMF and World Bank; and build a more stable and resilient international monetary system, including by further strengthening global financial safety nets. We will also expand our MAP based on the indicative guidelines to be agreed.12. To promote resilience, job creation and mitigate risks for development, we will prioritize action under the Seoul Consensus on addressing critical bottlenecks, including infrastructure deficits, food market volatility, and exclusion from financial services.13. To provide broader, forward-looking leadership in the post-crisis economy, we will also continue our work to prevent and tackle corruption through our Anti-Corruption Action Plan; rationalize and phase-out over the medium term inefficient fossil fuel subsidies; mitigate excessive fossil fuel price volatility; safeguard the global marine environment; and combat the challenges of global climate change.14. We reaffirm our resolute commitment to fight climate change, as reflected in the Leaders' Seoul Summit Document. We appreciate President Felipe Calderón’s briefing on the status of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiations, as well as Prime Minister Meles Zenawi’s briefing on the report of the High-Level Advisory Group on Climate Change Financing submitted to the UN Secretary-General. We will spare no effort to reach a balanced and successful outcome in Cancun.15. We welcome the Fourth UN LDC Summit in Turkey and the Fourth High-Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Korea, both to be held in 2011.16. Recognizing the importance of private sector-led growth and job creation, we welcome the Seoul G20 Business Summit and look forward to continuing the G20 Business Summit in upcoming Summits.17. The actions agreed today will help to further strengthen the global economy, accelerate job creation, ensure more stable financial markets, narrow the development gap and promote broadly shared growth beyond crisis.18. We look forward to our next meeting in 2011 in France, and subsequent meeting in 2012 in Mexico.19. We thank Korea for its G20 Presidency and for hosting the successful Seoul Summit.20. The Seoul Summit Document, which we have agreed,follows。
G20峰会英文版
1. We, the Leaders of the G20, met in Cannes on 3-4 November 2011.2. Since our last meeting, global recovery has weakened, particularly in advanced countries, leaving unemployment at unacceptable levels. In this context, tensions in the financial markets have increased due mostly to sovereign risks in Europe; there are also clear signs of a slowing in growth in the emerging markets. Commodity price swings have put growth at risk. Global imbalances persist.3. Today, we reaffirm our commitment to work together and we have taken decisions to reinvigorate economic growth, create jobs, ensure financial stability, promote social inclusion and make globalization serve the needs of the people.A global strategy for growth and jobs4. To address the immediate challenges faced by the global economy, we commit to coordinate our actions and policies. Each of us will play their part.5. We have agreed on an Action plan for Growth and Jobs to address short term vulnerabilities and strengthen medium-term foundations for growth.Advanced economies commit to adopt policies to build confidence and support growth and implement clear, credible and specific measures to achieve fiscal consolidation. We welcome the decisions by European Leaders on October 26th, 2011 to restore debt sustainability in Greece, strengthen European banks, build firewalls to avoid contagion, and lay the foundations for robust economic governance reform in the Euro area and call for their swift implementation. We support the measures presented by Italy in the Euro Summit and the agreed detailed assessment and monitoring by the European Commission. In this context, we welcome Italy's decision to invite the IMF to carry out a public verification of its policy implementation on a quarterly basis.Taking into account national circumstances, countries where public finances remain strong commit to let automatic stabilizers work and take discretionary measures to support domestic demand should economic conditions materially worsen. Countries with large current account surpluses commit to reforms to increase domestic demand, coupled with greater exchange rate flexibility.We all commit to further structural reforms to raise output in our countries.Monetary policies will maintain price stability over the medium term and continue to support economic recovery.6. We are determined to strengthen the social dimension of globalization. We firmly believe that employment and social inclusion must be at the heart of our actions and policies to restore growth and confidence. We therefore decide to set up a G20 task force which will work as a priority on youth employment. We recognize the importance of social protection floors in each of our countries, adapted to national situations. We encourage the ILO to continue promoting ratification and implementation of the eight core Conventions ensuring fundamental principles and rights at work.7. Convinced of the essential role of social dialogue, we welcome the outcomes of the B20 and L20 and their joint statement.Towards a more stable and resilient International Monetary System8. We have made progress in reforming the international monetary system to make it more representative, stable and resilient. We have agreed on actions and principles that will help reap the benefits from financial integration and increase the resilience against volatile capital flows. This includes coherent conclusions to guide us in the management of capital flows, common principles for cooperation between the IMF and Regional Financial Arrangements, and an action plan for local currency bond markets. We agree that the SDR basket composition should continue to reflect the role of currencies in the global trading and financial system. The SDR composition assessment should be based on existing criteria, and we ask the IMF to further clarify them. To adjust to currencies' changing role and characteristics over time, the composition of the SDR basket will be reviewed in 2015, or earlier, as currencies meet the existing criteria to enter the basket. We are also committed to further progress towards a more integrated, even-handed and effective IMF surveillance and to better identify and address spill-over effects. While continuing with our efforts to strengthen surveillance, we recognize the need for better integration of bilateral and multilateral surveillance, and we look forward to IMF proposals for a new integrated decision on surveillance early next year, and for increased ownership and traction.9. We affirm our commitment to move more rapidly toward moremarket-determined exchange rate systems and enhance exchange rate flexibility to reflect underlying economic fundamentals, avoid persistent exchange rate misalignments and refrain from competitive devaluation of currencies. We are determined to act on our commitments to exchange rate reform articulated in our Action plan for Growth and Jobsto address short term vulnerabilities and restoring financial stability and strengthen the medium-term foundations for growth. Our actions will help address the challenges created by developments in global liquidity and capital flows volatility, thus facilitating further progress on exchange rate reforms and reducing excessive accumulation of reserves.10. We agreed to continue our efforts to further strengthen global financial safety nets and we support the IMF in putting forward the new Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL) to provide on a case by case basis increased and more flexible short-term liquidity to countries with strong policies and fundamentals facing exogenous shocks. We also support the IMF in putting forward a single facility to fulfil the emergency assistance needs of its members. We call on the IMF to expeditiously discuss and finalize both proposals.11. We welcome the euro area's comprehensive plan and urge rapid elaboration and implementation, including of country reforms. We welcome the euro area's determination to bring its full resources and entire institutional capacity to bear in restoring confidence and financial stability, and in ensuring the proper functioning of money and financial markets.We will ensure the IMF continues to have resources to play its systemic role to the benefit of its whole membership, building on the substantial resources we have already mobilized since London in 2009. We stand ready to ensure additional resources could be mobilised in a timely manner and ask our finance ministers by their next meeting to work on deploying a range of various options including bilateral contributions to the IMF, SDRs, and voluntary contributions to an IMF special structure such as an administered account. We will expeditiously implement in full the 2010 quota and governance reform of the IMF.Reforming the financial sector and enhancing market integrity12. In Washington in 2008, we committed to ensure that all financial markets, products and participants are regulated or subject to oversight, as appropriate. We will implement our commitments and pursue the reform of the financial system.13. We have agreed on comprehensive measures so that no financial firm can be deemed "too big to fail" and to protect taxpayers from bearing the costs of resolution. The FSB publishes today an initial list of Global systemically important financial institutions (G-SIFIs). G-SIFIs will be submitted to strengthened supervision, a new international standard forresolution regimes as well as, from 2016, additional capital requirements. We are prepared to identify systemically important non-bank financial entities.14. We have decided to develop the regulation and oversight of shadow banking. We will develop further our regulation on market integrity and efficiency, including addressing the risks posed by high frequency trading and dark liquidity. We have tasked IOSCO to assess the functioning of Credit Default Swaps markets. We have agreed on principles to protect financial services consumers.15. We will not allow a return to pre-crisis behaviours in the financial sector and we will strictly monitor the implementation of our commitments regarding banks, OTC markets and compensation practices.16. Building on its achievements, we have agreed to reform the FSB to improve its capacity to coordinate and monitor our financial regulation agenda. This reform includes giving it legal personality and greater financial autonomy. We thank Mr Mario Draghi for the work done and we welcome the appointment of Mr Mark Carney, Governor of the Central Bank of Canada as Chairman of the FSB, and of Mr. Philipp Hildebrand, Chairman of the Swiss National Bank as Vice-Chairman.17. We urge all jurisdictions to adhere to the international standards in the tax, prudential and AML/CFT areas. We stand ready to use our existing countermeasures if needed. In the tax area, we welcome the progress made and we urge all the jurisdictions to take the necessary actions to tackle the deficiencies identified in the course of the reviews by the Global Forum, in particular the 11 jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum whose framework has failed to qualify. We underline the importance of comprehensive tax information exchange and encourage work in the Global Forum to define the means to improve it. We welcome the commitment made by all of us to sign the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters and strongly encourage other jurisdictions to join this Convention.Addressing commodity price volatility and promoting agriculture18. As part of our financial regulation agenda, we endorse the IOSCO recommendations to improve regulation and supervision of commodity derivatives markets. We agree that market regulators should be granted effective intervention powers to prevent market abuses. In particular, market regulators should have and use formal position management powers,among other powers of intervention, including the power to set ex-ante position limits, as appropriate.19. Promoting agricultural production is key to feed the world population. To that end, we decide to act in the framework of the Action Plan on Food Price Volatility and Agriculture agreed by our Ministers of Agriculture in June 2011. In particular, we decide to invest in and support research and development of agriculture productivity. We have launched the "Agricultural Market Information System" (AMIS) to reinforce transparency on agricultural products' markets. To improve food security, we commit to develop appropriate risk-management instruments and humanitarian emergency tools. We decide that food purchased fornon-commercial humanitarian purposes by the World Food Program will not be subject to export restrictions or extraordinary taxes. We welcome the creation of a "Rapid Response Forum", to improve the international community's capacity to coordinate policies and develop common responses in time of market crises.Improving energy markets and pursuing the Fight against Climate Change20. We are determined to enhance the functioning and transparency of energy markets. We commit to improve the timeliness, completeness and reliability of the JODI-oil database and to work on the JODI-gas database along the same principles. We call for continued dialogue annually between producers and consumers on short medium and long-term outlook and forecasts for oil, gas and coal. We ask relevant organizations to make recommendations on the functioning and oversight of price reporting agencies. We reaffirm our commitment to rationalise and phase-out over the medium term inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption, while providing targeted support for the poorest.21. We are committed to the success of the upcoming Durban Conference on Climate Change and support South Africa as the incoming President of the Conference. We call for the implementation of the Cancun agreements and further progress in all areas of negotiation, including the operationalization of the Green Climate Fund, as part of a balanced outcome in Durban. We discussed the IFIs report on climate finance and asked our Finance Ministers to continue work in this field, taking into account the objectives, provisions and principles of the UNFCCC.Avoiding protectionism and strengthening the multilateraltrading system22. At this critical time for the global economy, it is important to underscore the merits of the multilateral trading system as a way to avoid protectionism and not turn inward. We reaffirm our standstill commitments until the end of 2013, as agreed in Toronto, commit to roll back any new protectionist measure that may have risen, including new export restrictions and WTO-inconsistent measures to stimulate exports and ask the WTO, OECD and UNCTAD to continue monitoring the situation and to report publicly on a semi-annual basis.23. We stand by the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) mandate. However, it is clear that we will not complete the DDA if we continue to conduct negotiations as we have in the past. We recognize the progress achieved so far. To contribute to confidence, we need to pursue in 2012 fresh, credible approaches to furthering negotiations, including the issues of concern for Least Developed Countries and, where they can bear fruit, the remaining elements of the DDA mandate. We direct our Ministers to work on such approaches at the upcoming Ministerial meeting in Geneva and also to engage into discussions on challenges and opportunities to the multilateral trading system in a globalised economy and to report back by the Mexico Summit.24. Furthermore, as a contribution to a more effective, rules-based trading system, we support a strengthening of the WTO, which should play a more active role in improving transparency on trade relations and policies and enhancing the functioning of the dispute settlement mechanism.Addressing the challenges of development25. Recognizing that economic shocks affect disproportionately the most vulnerable, we commit to ensure a more inclusive and resilient growth.26. The humanitarian crisis in the Horn of Africa underscores the urgent need to strengthen emergency and long-term responses to food insecurity. We support the concrete initiatives mentioned in the Cannes final Declaration, with a view to foster investments in agriculture and mitigate the impact of price volatility, in particular in low income countries and to the benefit of smallholders. We welcome the initiative of the Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS) to set up a targeted regionalemergency humanitarian food reserve system, as a pilot project, and the "ASEAN+3" emergency rice reserve initiative.27. Recognizing that the lack of Infrastructure dramatically hampers the growth potential in many developing countries, particularly in Africa, we support recommendations of the High Level Panel and the MDBs and highlight eleven exemplary infrastructure projects and call on the MDBs, working with countries involved, to pursue the implementation of such projects that meet the HLP criteria.28. In order to meet the Millennium Development Goals, we stress the pivotal role of ODA. Aid commitments made by developed countries should be met. Emerging countries will engage or continue to extend their level of support to other developing countries. We also agree that, over time, new sources of funding need to be found to address development needs and climate change. We discussed a set of options for innovative financing highlighted by Mr Bill Gates. Some of us have implemented or are prepared to explore some of these options. We acknowledge the initiatives in some of our countries to tax the financial sector for various purposes, including a financial transaction tax, inter alia to support development.Intensifying our Fight against Corruption29. We have made significant progress in implementing the Action Plan on combating corruption, promoting market integrity and supporting a clean business environment. We underline the need for swift implementation of a strong international legislative framework, the adoption of national measures to prevent and combat corruption and foreign bribery, the strengthening of international cooperation in fighting corruption and the development of joint initiatives between the public and the private sector.Reforming global governance for the 21st century30. We welcome the report of UK Prime Minister David Cameron on global governance. We agree that the G20 should remain an informal group. We decide to formalise the Troika. We will pursue consistent and effective engagement with non-members, including the UN and we welcome their contributions to our work.31. We reaffirm that the G20's founding spirit of bringing together the major economies on an equal footing to catalyze action is fundamental and therefore agree to put our collective political will behind our economicand financial agenda, and the reform and more effective working of relevant international institutions. We support reforms to be implemented within the FAO and the FSB We have committed to strengthen our multilateral trade framework. We call on international organisations, especially the UN, WTO, the ILO, the WB, the IMF and the OECD, to enhance their dialogue and cooperation, including on the social impact of economic policies, and to intensify their coordination.On December 1st. 2011, Mexico will start chairing the G20. We will convene in Los Cabos, Baja California, in June 2012, under the Chairmanship of Mexico. Russia will chair the G20 in 2013, Australia in 2014 and Turkey in 2015. We have also agreed, as part of our reforms to the G20, that after 2015, annual presidencies of the G20 will be chosen from rotating regional groups, starting with the Asian grouping comprising of China, Indonesia, Japan and Korea.32. We thank France for its G20 Presidency and for hosting the successful Cannes Summit.。
G20伦敦峰会公报全文
G20伦敦峰会公报全文Global Plan for Recovery and ReformStatement Issued by the G20 LeadersLondon, April 2, 2009二十国集团伦敦金融峰会2日落下帷幕,与会领导人就国际货币基金组织（ＩＭＦ）增资和加强金融监管等全球携手应对金融经济危机议题达成多项共识。
会后公布了正式公报，全文如下：1.我们20国集团领导人于2009年4月2日在伦敦举行了这次峰会。
2.我们正面临现代历史上规模最大的全球经济挑战；自我们上次举行峰会以来，经济危机已有所加深，对每个国家无论男女老幼的生活都造成了影响，因此所有国家都必须联合起来解决这一危机。
全球性的危机需要全球共同解决。
3.首先，我们相信全球经济繁荣是不可分割的；实现可持续增长的责任必须由全球各国共同承担；全球经济复苏计划必须以勤勉劳作之家庭的需要及就业为中心，不仅仅在发达国家如此，在新兴市场和贫穷国家也应如此；全球经济复苏计划必须能反映当今之人的需要，也要能反映未来几代人的需要。
我们相信，建立基于市场原则、有效监管和强有力的全球机构之上的开放型世界经济，这是可持续性全球化发展和所有各国日益繁荣增长的唯一可靠基础。
4.有基于此，我们今天承诺将采取任何必要措施，目的是：• 恢复经济信心和经济增长，复苏就业市场；• 修复金融体系以复苏贷款市场；• 加强金融机构以重建信任；• 融资和改革国际金融机构，以克服当前危机和避免未来危机；• 促进全球贸易和投资，摒弃贸易保护主义，巩固经济繁荣的基础；• 增进全面的、绿色的以及可持续性的经济复苏。
我们将通过联手行动来完成上述承诺，将全球经济带出当前衰退，并阻止今后再次发生类似于此的危机。
5.我们今天已经达成的协议有：将国际货币基金组织(IMF)的可用资金提高两倍，至7500亿美元；支持2500亿美元的最新特别提款权(SDR)配额；支持多边发展银行(MDB)至少1000亿美元的额外贷款；确保为贸易融资提供2500亿美元的支持；利用国际货币基金组织已经同意的出售黄金(203,0.28,0.14%)储备的所得资金，为最贫穷国家提供优惠融资。
g20是什么意思啊
g20是什么意思啊G20（Group of 20，也有人称为G21、G22及G20+）是在2003年8月20日确立的发展中国家的集体性称呼，这个集团是在第五次的部长级世界贸易组织（WTO）会议时首次出现，该次会议在墨西哥的坎昆召开，日期为2003年9月10日—2003年9月14日。
此一词创的渊源可回溯到2003年6月，来自巴西、印度及南非的外交部长共同签署了一份声明，即《巴西利亚声明》，该声明中表示：“主要的贸易伙伴仍必须卸除他们国家中较弱竞争项的贸易保护顾虑并强调这对现有回合的贸易协商谈判来说将极为重要，尤其是对推翻贸易保护政策及贸易扭曲实施此外巴西、印度及南非也决议推行他们所提倡的贸易自由化。
”虽然如此，但G-20一词的“正式”出现是在2003年8月13日的一份文字发表回应中，这是一份由欧洲共同体（European Communities，EC）与美国针对坎昆与会的部长所提出的农产品共同提案。
到了2003年8月20日，一份由20个国家所签署的文件，之后并重新发布，成为9月4日的昆坎部长及文件，此份文件针对之前欧盟与美国的农产品提案提出另一个可行的替换框架（Framework），此文件标示着是由G-20所订立。
集团的最初是以2003年8月20日在文件上签署的国家为主，之后又有许多次变动，也因此产生了G-21或G-22等其他称词，一直到最后才定为G-20，以文件制订当日为依据。
在贸易协商中，这个集团催促富有国家终止对农场主的补贴，并且在他们所属的农业项目上反对自由化。
G-20拥有全球65%的人口、72%的农场主以及22%的农作物输出。
自从该次的提创，团体的会员也有所变动，之前的会员有：哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、厄瓜多尔、萨尔瓦多、秘鲁、土耳其。
此外，G-20的核心会员主要有四个国家：中国、印度、巴西、以及南非，此也经常合称为G4集团（G4 bloc）。
G20成员国创始二十国集团(Group 20)是1999年9月25日由八国集团的财长在华盛顿宣布成立的。
翻译资格考试高级口译练习题：G20杭州峰会欢迎宴会致辞.doc
翻译资格考试高级口译练习题：G20杭州峰会欢迎宴会致辞G20杭州峰会欢迎宴会致辞Dear Colleagues,Distinguished Guests,Ladies and Gentlemen,Dear Friends,尊敬的各位同事、各位来宾、女士们、先生们、朋友们：Good evening!大家晚上好!On this much-anticipated night, we are gathered here by the West Lake on the occasion of the 11th G20 Summit. Let me extend, on behalf of the Government and people of China and my wife, and also in my own name, warmest welcome to all distinguished guests.这是一个让人期待的夜晚，在二十国集团领导人第十一次峰会召开之际，我们相聚西子湖畔。
我谨代表中国政府和人民、代表我夫人，并以我个人名义，对各位贵宾的到来表示热烈的欢迎。
Known as Paradise on Earth, Hangzhou boasts[1] enchanting landscape and rich cultural heritage. The Top Ten Scenic Spots of the West Lake each have their own unique charm, whether viewed up close or from a distance. Connecting them are the age-old and elegant bridges. The bridges are the very inspiration for the logo of this Summit.免费获取私人定制留学方案杭州素有人间天堂美誉，湖光山色、人文美景俯拾皆是，西湖十景或近观、或远眺，引人无限遐思，流连忘返。
G20G20峰会 英文简介课件文本
Hangzhou’s time to shineAs the G20 Leaders Summit kicks off on Sept 4, Hangzhou, the host city, is ramping up measures to promote its reputation for entrepreneurship, as well as its many beauty spots, to those overseas.G20领导人峰会将于9月4日开幕，而主办城市杭州也正在紧锣密鼓地筹备当中，希望向全世界展现这座城市的企业家精神，以及众多风光美景。
One of the strongest *endorsements comes from Jack Ma, founder of the Hangzhou-based global internet giant Alibaba.阿里巴巴公司的创始人马云给出了最有力的代言。
这家全球互联网巨头的总部就位于杭州。
In a TV interview on Aug 25, Ma explained why he chose to stand with Hangzhou from the very beginning.8月25日，在一次电视采访中，马云阐明了为什么他一开始就看好杭州。
“Because this city has entrepreneurship. It’s so friendly to private sectors, and people here are well-educated,” Ma said. “We’ve got great talent, we’ve got a good environment, and we’ve got great culture, fighting for the future.”“因为这座城市拥有企业家精神，它包容民营企业的发展，而这里的人受教育程度也很高，”马云说道。
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金句欣赏1.中国改革已经进入攻坚期和深水区；China’s reform has entered the deep water zone where tough challenges must be met.2.我们将以装饰断腕的用起、凤凰涅槃的决心，敢于向积存多年的顽瘴痼疾开刀；We have the resolve to make painful self-adjustment and tackle problems that have built up over many years.3.敢于触及深层次利益关系和矛盾，把改革进行到底。
Particularly underlying issues and enternched interests and carry reform through to the end.4.抓住科技创新就抓住了发展的牛鼻子。
Scientific and technological innovation holds the key to development.5.青山绿水就是金山银山。
Green mountains and clear water are as good as mountains of gold and silver.6.民惟邦本，本固邦宁。
The people are the foundation of a country and only when the people lead a good life can the country thrive.7.轻关易道，通商宽农。
The governance of a country should be based on simple customs procedures, improved intrastructures, convenience for business transaction and preferntial agricultural polices.8.这是建设开放型世界经济的应有之义。
What it implies is the importance of buliding an open world economy.9.在经济全球化时代，各国发展环环相扣，一荣俱荣，一损俱损。
In the age of economic globalization, countries are closely linked in their development and they all rise and fall together. 10.没有哪一个国家可以独善其身，协调合作是必然选择。
No country could seek development on its own; and one sure path is through coordination and cooperation.11.一个行动胜过一个纲领。
One action counts more than a dozen programs.12.和衷共济、和合共生是中华民族的历史基因，也是东方文明的精髓。
To seek harmoy and coexistence is in the genes of the Chinese nation throughout history. It represents the very essence of Eastern civilization.13.中国坚定不移走和平发展道路。
China is committed to the path of peaceful development.14.常言说，小智治世，大智治制。
As a Chinese saying goes, people with petty shrewdness attend to trivial matters while those with greater wisdom attend to government of institutions.15.弄潮儿箱套头立。
手把红旗旗不湿。
The tide riders surf the currents, the flags they hold up never get wet.16.我同各位一样，期待着二十国集团用做世界经济的弄潮儿。
I like all of you, look forward to a G20 that will ride the tides in the world economy.17.国强必需的逻辑不适用，穷兵黩武的道路走不通。
China is committed to the path of peaceful development.G20杭州峰会5点“决心”①决心为世界经济指明方向，规划路径Determined to set out the direction,targets and steps of G20 cooperation and depict the blueprint for future world economy.②决心创新增长方式，为世界经济注入新动力Determined to break a new path for growth to inject new dynamism into the world economy.③决心完善全球经济金融治理，提高世界经济抗风险能力Determined to improve globle economic and financial governance to enhance the resilience of the world economy.④决心重振国际贸易和投资，构建开放型世界经济Determined to revitalize international trade and investment as the key engines of growth and build an open world economy.⑤决心推动包容和联动式发展，让二十国集团合作成果惠及全球Determined to promote inclusive and interconnected development so that G20 cooperation will deliver benefits to the whole world.建设好二十国集团的4点建议1)与时俱进，发挥引领作用。
The G20 must keep up with the changing times and lead the way forward.2)知行合一，采取务实行动。
The G20 should fully honor its commitment.3)共建共享，打造合作平台。
The G20 should become a platform of cooperation built through joint efforts that deliversbenefits to all.4)同舟共济，发扬伙伴精神。
The G20 should stick together as partners in meeting challenges.中国改革开放4个“伟大进程”①坚定不移群面深化改革，开拓更好发展前景。
We will steadfastly deepen reform in an all-round way and open up brighter prosprcts of development.②坚定不移实施创新驱动发展战略，释放更强增长动力。
We will pursue an innovation-driven development stratege to create stronger growth drivers.③坚定不移推进绿色发展，谋求更加质量效益。
We will promote green development to achieve better economic performance.④坚定不移推进公平共享，增进更多民众福祉。
We will promote equity and sharing of developmengt outcomes to deliver more benefits to the people.全球经济治理4个“重点”1)共同构建公正高效的全球金融治理格局，维护世界经济稳定大局。
Jointly ensure equitable and efficient globalfinancial governance, and uphold the overall stability of the world economy.2)共同构建开放透明的全球贸易和投资治理格局，巩固多边贸易体制，释放全球经贸投资合作潜力。
Jointlyfoster open and transparent global trade and investment governance to cement the multilateral trade regime, and unleash the pitential of global cooperation in economy, trade and ivestment.3)工头构建绿色低碳的全球能源治理格局，推动全球绿色合作。
Jointly establish green and loe-carbon globalenergy governance to promote global green development cooperation.4)共同构建包容联动的全球发展智力格局，以落实联合国2030年了持续发展议程为目标，共同增进全人类福祉。
Jointly facilitate an inclusive and iterconnected global development governance to implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Suatainble Development and jointly promote the wellbeing of mankind.推动世界经济4个“药方”①建设创新型世界经济，开辟增长源泉。
We need to bulid an innovative world economy to generate new drivers of growth.②建设开放型世界经济，拓展发展空间。
We need to build an open world economy to expand the scope of development.③建设联动型世界经济，凝聚互动合力。