英语人教版九年级全册Unit 8 Stonehenge
人教版九年级英语（素材）Unit8HOWWASSTONEHENGEBUILT
人教版九年级英语（素材）Unit8HOWWASSTONEHENGEBUILTHOW WAS STONEHENGE BUILT?The fact that Stonehenge was not built overnight does not in any way diminish the scale of the undertaking. But how could this have been achieved by a Neolithic society? Given the sheer size and weight of the stones, what ingenious devices were employed? And what of the stones?They are not typical of the local geology- indeed, the source of the bluestones, the first stones erected, has now been traced tothe Preseli Mountains of south-west Wales. Somehow these enormous stones were transported to the Salisbury Plains. The stones were surely too heavy for timber rollers. Perhaps they were transported on sledges, on greased tracks of wood, pulled by rope that had been made from the plant fibre of the indigenous lime bark soaked in water for weeks. Modern engineering simulations have surmised that the massive uprights were hauled into place then tipped, using stone counterweights, into position, demonstrating an understanding of the centre of gravity.The technology was staggering. For example, even though the ground is slightly sloping, the lintels are perfectly horizontal. The craftsmen employed carpentry techniques - the lintels were dressed with mortises that would have fitted securely on to the tenons on top of the supporting sarsens, while tongues similar to toggle joints linked each lintel in the outer circle to its neighbour. It was in effect an enormous three dimensional stone puzzle.To get the 9 ton lintels into place, the most likely method of construction may have been via the use of an earth ramp piledup against the uprights. The lintels would then have been hauled up the ramp by ropes into their exact position.Whatever the methods used, for we are still not certain, they demonstrate an astounding level of both achievement and ambition.WHY WAS STONEHENGE BUILT?As to the purpose of Stonehenge, again we can only surmise. But clearly, the very scale of this unique megalithic structure suggests that the area itself was of importance. But for what?Was Stonehenge a temple to the gods? Who were the gods? It is tempting to assign the giant sarsen stones to astrological alignement. The danger here is that you can find an alignement to almost anything if you search hard enough.But one presents itself immediately - Stonehenge is aligned northeast-southwest, and it has been suggested that particular significance was placed by its builders on the solstice and equinox points, so for example on a midsummer's morning, the sun rose close to the Heel Stone, and the sun's first rays went directly into the centre of the monument between the arms of the horseshoe arrangement. It is unlikely that such an alignment can have been merely accidental.[.Com]Or is this too simple? Turning 180 degrees, another alignment becomes apparent…..at the precise moment of the winter solstice, the sun sets exactly between the largest sarsen stones.To validate this, we must look at the society of the time. It had become a society now dependent on the seasons, which determined the success of agriculture. Would mid-winter have been more important to a society that had now becomedependent upon the fortunes of these seasons? Psychologically, mid-winter would have been more of a critical turning point than the balmy days of summer.Perhaps therefore it is a mistake to overstate the monument’s spiritual significance. Certainly the area had been of importance prior to its construction, but it had become more than that - Stonehenge was a clock, a clock that foretold the time not only ofthe solstices but perhaps also of sun and lunar eclipses. This is not to say, however, that the priests did not utilise this very functionalism for religious importance - he or she who could announce or predict the return of the growing season would have wielded great power.WHEN WAS STONEHENGE BUILT?[.Com]Archaeologists have now been able to establish when the construction ofStonehenge began.Between 3100 and 2800 BC the Great Cursus 300 yards from Stonehenge had been constructed - nearly one and a half miles long and 150 yards wide, on an east-west alignment. This was a ditch hewn in the chalk 6 feet deep and wide, and would have appeared brilliant white in the green of what had now become pastureland. Was this used for chariot racing by the ancient Britains, from 'cursus', the Latin term for race course? Or was it a processional way, a path for the dead? The placing of burial mounds, known as the Cursus Barrows, on their edges may support this view.Around 2700 BC, the henge was constructed. Using only picks made of deer antlers, a ditch about 6 feet deep was dug. The spoil from the ditch was used to make the bank on the inside. On the north-east of the henge, an entrance was created by agap in the ditch and bank. Within the bank, a circle of fifty six pits known as the Aubrey holes were dug.Over the next 200 years, between 2700 and 2500 BC, a large number of wooden posts were erected. The ones at the north-eastern entrance may have served as markers for astronomical measurements, in particular the extremes of the moonrise and moonset. Other scholars feel these may have guided people through narrow paths to the ceremonial centre, adding a mystique to the entry. When looked at from the centre of the monument, we can see that the entrance stakes line up - these small posts are six rows deep. The four larger posts furthest away are located in what was later to become the Avenue leading to the north-east. They were perhaps 1m in diameter, possibly whole tree trunks.From about 2500 BC onwards, the first stones arrived. The bluestones were erected and the Avenue, a grand-scale earthwork monument sweeping nearly 2 miles from the River Avon to the north-eastern。
2014-2015学年九年级英语人教版新教材课文第八单元译文
Unit 8 Stonehenge— Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There? （巨石阵—谁能解释它的存在？）We live in a small town and almost everyone knows each other. It used to be very quiet. 巨石阵能任何人解释为什么有Stonehenge, a rock circle, is not only one of Britain’s most famous historical places but 居住小镇几乎每个人知道互相过去常常很安静Nothing much ever happened around here. However, these days, something unusual is 巨石阵岩石圈不仅之一英国的最著名的历史古迹的地方also one of its greatest mysteries. Every year it receives more than 750,000 visitors. People like 没有事曾经发生在附近然而这些天某事不寻常happening in our town. Victor, a teacher at my school, is really nervous. When he was 而且之一最大的谜团每年接待超过游客人们喜欢 togo to this Place especially in June as they want to see the sun rising on the longest day of the 正在发生小镇维克多老师我的学校真的紧张的当我们的去这个地方尤其在六月因为想要看日升起最长的一天 interviewed by the town newspaper, he said, “Every night we hear strange noises outside our year. 被采访城镇报社说每天晚上听到奇怪的声音在…外面 For many years, historians believed Stonehenge was a temple where ancient leaders triedwindow. My wife thinks that it could be an animal, but my friends and I think it must be许多年来历史学家认为巨石阵庙宇古代的领导者试图窗子妻子认为可能是一种动物朋友认为一定是to communicate with the gods. However, historian Paul Stoker thinks this can’t be true beca use teenagers having fun. My parents called the policemen, but they couldn’t find anything strange. 沟通和神灵然而历史学家保罗斯托克认为这不可能是真的因为青少年玩耍父母亲打电话警察他们不能发现任何异常的 Stonehenge was built so many centuries ago. “ The leaders arrived in England much later,” he They think it might be the wind. I don’t think so!” 巨石阵建立许多世纪以前领导者到达英国晚得多认为可能是风我不这样认为points out. Victor’s next-door neighbor Helen is worried, too. “ At first, I thought that it might be a Another popular idea is that Stonehenge might be a kind of calendar. The large stones 维克多的隔壁邻居海伦担心也起先认为可能是指出dog, but I couldn’t see a dog or anything else, either. So I guess it can’t be a dog. But then, 另一个普遍的观点巨石阵可能是一种日历巨大的石头were put together in a certain way. On midsummer’s morning, the sun shines directly into the 狗没有看见狗任何东西别的也因此猜不可能what could it be ? ” One woman in the area saw something running away, but it was dark so 被放一起以特定的方法在盛夏的早晨太阳照耀直接地 center of the stones. Other people believe thestones have a medical purpose. They think the 妇女地区看见某样东西逃跑黑暗的she is not sure.“ I think it was too big to be a dog ,” she said . “ Maybe it was a bear or a wolf.” 中心石头其他人认为这些石头有医学的目的他们认为stones can prevent illness and keep people healthy. “ As you walk there, you can feel the energy 不确定认为太大而不是说或许熊狼Everyone in our town is feeling uneasy, and everyone has his or her own ideas. There石头能阻止疾病保持人们健康当走到那儿感觉能量from your feet move up your body,” said one visitor. No one is sure what Stonehenge was used 每个人城镇感到不安每个人有他的或她的自己的观点我们的must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood, but what is it? We have no idea. 从你的脚传到身体说一个游客没有人确定什么巨石阵被用来for, but most agree that the position of the stones must be for a special purpose. Some think it 一定有某样东西进入家我们的邻居没有主意大多数同意位置石头一定有特殊的目的一些认为 Most people hope that thisanimal or person will simply go away, but I do not think that is might be a burial place or a place to honor ancestors. Others think it was built to celebrate a 大多数人希望这动物人将简单地走开不认为可能是墓地地方祭祀祖先其他人认为被建造庆祝 going to happen. The noise-maker is having too much fun creating fear in the neighborhood. victory over an enemy. 将发生噪音制造者有太多乐趣制造恐慌社区里胜利战胜敌人 Stonehenge was built slowly over a long period of time. Most historians believe it must 巨石阵被建造慢慢地超过很长时期时间大多数历史学家认为一定be almost 5,000 years old.One of the greatest mysteries is how it was built because the stones 接近年之一最大的谜团如何被建成因为那些石头are so big and heavy. In 2001, a group of English volunteers tried to build another Stonehenge , 如此大重一群英国的志愿者试图建造另一个巨石阵but they couldn’t “ We don’t really know who built Stonehenge,” says Paul Stoker. “ And 没有成功真的知道谁建造巨石阵说保罗斯托克perhaps we might never know, but we do know they must have been hard-working— and great 或许可能永远不知道的确知道一定很勤奋伟大的而且是planners!” 规划者。
新人教版九年级英语Unit8 Stonehenge精品课件
Stonehenge, a rock circle, is _______one of Britain’s most not only but alsoone of its greatest mysteries. famous historical places, _____ As for its mysteries, different people have different opinions where Most historians thought Stonehenge was a temple _____ ancient leaders communicated with the gods._______,others However because believed it might be a kind of calendar _____ it directly related to the sun. ____some other people hold the view that But the stones can prevent illness _____ while keeping people healthy. Although no one is sure what Stonehenge was used for, they agree that the position of the stones must be for a special purpose. In 2001, some volunteers tried to build another Stonehenge, _____ but failed.
the sun a medical purpose prevent illness while keeping people healthy
九年级-u8-stonehenge
celebrate victory.
7). Perhaps we might never know why it is there ,b___u__twe do know they must have
Height: 6meters Weight: 30~50 tons
Why is it so popular?
If you were a visitor, what do you want to know about it?
How
When
Why
Stonehenge
Where
Who What
Stonehenge ------ CIsanitAanmyoynseteEryxpolrainoWt?hy It Is There?
பைடு நூலகம்
Stonehenge.
adding information
giving reasons
Information sheet:
shape: _________a__circle place: __________B_ ritain one of the most famous_____________ placheisstoanridcaglreatest____________
Grade 9 Unit 8 Stonehenge--- Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There?
What are they? What do you think of the stones? Do you know the name of this place?
九年级人教版Uint8 sectionB Stonehenge
ask 3 2b It is a group of hengs(圆形石结 构),and it was built before 2000BC.Exactly why it was built is unknown but it must have had religious and political significance . Although in popular mythology(神 话)Druids(巫师)are connected with Stonehenge(巨石阵),they were Celtic(凯尔特的)priests who arrived much later.
Task 3
2b
2.Before you read
Look at the title and the picture. Then answer the questions below. 1.What it is in the picture? Some stones. 2.What does the passage may talk about? It may talk about the history of Stonehenge.
2b
1.Scan the whole text and underline the linking words and phrases.
not only...but also as
or but
however and
because
plete the sentences using the words 2d from the chart in 2a on page 22. so a lot of people 1.Midsummer day is in June ____ go to Stonehenge during this month. 2.The sun shines straight into the center of as the stones were put in a special Stonehenge ___ position. 3.Some people think the rocks can _______ not only stop people from becoming ill _______ but also keep them healthy. or 4. We don’t know who built Stonehenge ______ how it was built. 5.Historians think Stonehenge was built about 5000 years ago; _________ however they’re not sure.
人教版九年级英语Unit8 Stonehenge课件
Thinking :
So many ideas they have. Which idea do you agree with? If not, please give your idea and supporting idea. In my opinion, As far as I’m concerned, From my point of view. Because, for, while, when, so, etc.
giving a choice
calendar
because it directly related to the sun
初中英语人教新目标九年级全一册unit8知识点
九年级英语全一册Unit8知识点【重点单词】1.valuable adj.有价值的value n.价值2.receive v.收到receipt n.收据；收条；收入【重点短语】1.belong to属于2. toy ruck 玩具卡车3.at the picnic在野餐中4. attend a concert参加音乐会5.the rest of剩下的；其余的6.pick up 捡起7.nothing much没什么事8.at first 起初9.in the neighbourhood在社区里10.run away 抛开11.have no idea不知道12.catch a bus 赶公共汽车13.make a noise制造噪音14.go away 离开15.feel sleepy感到困倦16.run after 追赶17.not only...but also...不仅……而且……18.historical places 历史遗迹municate with sb.和某人交流20.a kind of 一种21.have a medical purpose有一种医学目的22.prevent illness预防疾病23.keep/stay healthy 保持健康24.point at/out/to指着/出/向25.in a certain way 以某种方式26.a victory over an enemy战胜敌人27.noise-maker 噪音的制造者28.have fun doing sth做某事开心29.feel uneasy 感到不安30.create fear制造恐惧【重点句型】1.If you have any idea where might be please call me.如果你知道它可能在哪，请打电话给我。
2.It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30% to the final exam. 关键是我必须学，因为它占期末考试的30%。
人教版九年级英语上册Unit8 SectionB Stonehenge课件
Snhoetiosnnloyt…onblyumt aylstoea…cher but also my friend. Givoerme an apple or a pear.
PleWasheenta,wkehinleotes while listening.
people think it can prevent illness __a_n_d__keep people healthy,__s_o__
maybe the stones have a medical purpose.
B__u_t__no one is sure what Stonehenge was used for. Some think it might be a historical place __o_r___a place to honor ancestors, even maybe
adding information 补充信息
2d Complete the sentences using the words from the chart in 2a on page 62.
1.Midsummer’s morning is in June _s_o______ a lot of people go to Stonehenge during this month.
Stoneabout it!
Cultural Label(标签)
Name Place
Stonehenge Britain
Material and shape rock circle
The number of more than 750,000
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STONEHENGE
Can you explain why it
is there, Miss Frizzle?
Miss Frizzle
I know little about it, either. Let’s take the magic bus to visit Stonehenge and find out the answer together, ok?
Stonehenge-can anyone explain why it is there?
Stonehenge, a rock circle, is not only one of Britain’s most famous historical places but also one of its greatest mysteries. Every year it receives more than 750,000 visitors. People like to go to this place especially in June as they want to see the sun rising on the longest day of the year.
For many years, historians believed Stonehenge was a temple where ancient leaders tried to communicate with the gods. However,historian Paul Stoker thinks this can’t be true because Stonehenge was built so many centuries ago. “The leaders arrived in England much later,” he points out.
Another popular idea is that Stonehenge might be a kind of calendar. The large stones were put together in a certain way. On midsummer’s morning, the sun shines directly into the center of the stones. Other people believe the stones have a medical purpose. They think the stones can prevent illness and keep people healthy. “As you walk there, you can feel the energy from your feet move up your body,” said one visitor. No one is sure what Stonehenge was used for, but most agree that the position of the stones must be for a special purpose. Some think it might be a burial place or a place to honor ancestors. Others think it was built to celebrate a victory over an enemy.
Stonehenge was built slowly over a long period of time. Most historians believe it must be almost 5,000 years old. One of the greatest mysteries is how it was built because the stones are so big and heavy. In 2001, a group of English volunteers tried to build another Stonehenge, but they couldn’t. “We don’t really know who built Stonehenge,”says Paul Stoker. “And perhaps we might never know, but we do know they must have been hard-working —and great planners!”
The First Step of The Trip (Paragraph 1)
Boys and girls, what do you think of stonehenge
Notes:
It is not only _________________________________but also ______________________________ It receives more than __________
Mysteries
A famous place
Notes:
People like to go there in______ as they want to see
____________________________________
When do people like to go to this place and why?
The Second Step of The Trip (Paragraphs 2&3)
The Third Step of The Trip (Paragraphs 4)
Who built the stonehenge? How was it built?
Nobody exactly knows.
It might be aliens or somebody else. Let’s go. The bus is coming.
Mysteries about Stonehenge
You opinions about WHO&HOW
Nobody knows but I think It might be built by__________ because ______ _____________________________________________________________. They
might
build
it
by
Exercise from Miss Frizzle
Stonehenge is __________ a famous historical place ___________ a great mystery. people like to go there in June __________ they want to see the sun rising on the longest day of the year.
Historians believed it was a temple used by ancient leaders. ____________, historian Paul stoker thinks that can't be true ____________ it was built so many years ago. Others believe it might be a kind of calendar _______ have a medical purpose. No one is sure what Stonehenge was used for _________ most agree that it must be for a special purpose. It might be a burial place_______ a place to honor ancestors. Others think it was built to celebrate a victory over an enemy.
One of the mysteries is how it was built _________ the stones are so big and heavy. Someone tried to build another Stonehenge _________ they couldn't. We
might never know, __________ we do know they must have been hard-working and great planners.
r
who
Mystery
how
what...for
when
...
Part 1: The introduction of ..... It's not only...but also...
People like to go there as/ since/because ... Part 2: The mysteries about...。