物理专业英语复习题库
高一英语物理学概念单选题50题
高一英语物理学概念单选题50题1. What is the SI unit of force?A. kilogramB. meterC. newtonD. second答案：C。
本题考查力的国际单位。
选项A“kilogram”是质量的单位千克；选项B“meter”是长度的单位米；选项C“newton”是力的单位牛顿；选项D“second”是时间的单位秒。
2. Which of the following is a scalar quantity?A. velocityB. displacementC. distanceD. acceleration答案：C。
本题考查标量和矢量的概念。
选项A“velocity”速度、选项B“displacement”位移、选项D“acceleration”加速度都是矢量，既有大小又有方向；选项C“distance”距离是标量，只有大小没有方向。
3. The speed of light in vacuum is approximately ____.A. 340 m/sB. 1000 m/sC. 3×10⁸ m/sD. 100 m/s答案：C。
本题考查光速的常识。
光速在真空中约为3×10⁸ m/s。
选项 A 是声音在空气中的速度；选项B 和D 与光速相差甚远。
4. What is the formula for work done?A. force × distanceB. mass × accelerationC. velocity × timeD. power × time答案：A。
本题考查功的计算公式。
功等于力乘以在力的方向上通过的距离。
选项B 是牛顿第二定律公式；选项C 可求出位移；选项D 是功与功率的关系公式。
5. Which physical quantity is represented by the symbol 'p'?A. powerB. pressureC. potential energyD. momentum答案：D。
2024年高一英语物理学概念练习题40题
2024年高一英语物理学概念单选题40题1.The unit of force is _____.A.kgB.m/sC.ND.J答案：C。
A 选项“kg”是千克，是质量的单位；B 选项“m/s”是米每秒，是速度的单位；C 选项“N”是牛顿，是力的单位；D 选项“J”是焦耳，是能量的单位。
2.The symbol for acceleration is _____.A.vB.aC.tD.s答案：B。
A 选项“v”通常表示速度；B 选项“a”是加速度的符号；C 选项“t”通常表示时间；D 选项“s”通常表示位移。
3.The physical quantity that represents the amount of matter in an object is _____.A.forceB.massC.velocityD.acceleration答案：B。
A 选项“force”是力；B 选项“mass”是质量，代表物体所含物质的多少；C 选项“velocity”是速度；D 选项“acceleration”是加速度。
4.The unit of work is _____.A.WB.NC.JD.m/s²答案：C。
A 选项“W”通常是功率的单位瓦特；B 选项“N”是牛顿，力的单位；C 选项“J”是焦耳，是功的单位；D 选项“m/s²”是加速度的单位。
5.The physical quantity that measures how fast an object is moving is _____.A.accelerationB.velocityC.forceD.mass答案：B。
A 选项“acceleration”是加速度，衡量物体速度变化的快慢；B 选项“velocity”是速度，测量物体运动的快慢；C 选项“force”是力；D 选项“mass”是质量。
6.The symbol for displacement is _____.A.sB.vC.aD.t答案：A。
物理学专业英语基础期末题库
物理学专业英语基础期末题库Grammar: Choose the best answer （每小题2分）1 . Ice-cream in this restaurant. [单选题] *A. is servingis served(正确答案)C. servesD. served2. Mr. James ________ in China for ten years. Now he has got a job in Australia. [单选题] *A. workedB. has worked(正确答案)C. is workingD. has been working3. ---When will you come to see me, Dad?---I will come to see you when you ____ the training course. [单选题] *A. will have finishedB. will finishC. are finishingD. finish(正确答案)4. He told me that the final examination _______ next Thursday. [单选题] *A. is givenB. will be givenC. would have givenD. would be given(正确答案)5. The little girl _____ her heart out because she _____ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it. [单选题] *A. had cried; lostB. cried; had lost(正确答案)C. has cried; has lostD. cries; has lost6. Water ______ into ice. [单选题] *A. will changedB. must be changedC. should changeD. can be changed(正确答案)7. She had learned English for eight years by the time he from university last year. [单选题] *A. will graduateB. will have graduatedC. graduated(正确答案)D. is t graduate8. The new play _______ in theatre now .Why don’t you go in and see it [单选题] *A. is being shown(正确答案)B. is showingC. is shownD. show9. Can you tell _______ [单选题] *A. when did it happenB. when was it happenedC. when it happened(正确答案)D. when it was happened10. He has been working on the composition the whole morning and he still _____. [单选题] *A. has beenB. doesC. hasD. is(正确答案)11.The price _____, but I doubt whether it will remain so low. [单选题] *A. went downB. will go downC. has gone down(正确答案)D. was going down12.You can’t move in right now. The house _____. [单选题] *A. has paintedB. is paintedC. is being painted(正确答案)D. is painting13. – Is this raincoat yours?– No, mine _____ there behind the door. [单选题] *A. is hanging(正确答案)B. has hungC. was hangingD. hang14. We would like to go and thank him ourselves, but we _____ out his address yet. [单选题] *A. haven’t found(正确答案)B. hadn’t foundC. didn’t findD. don’t find15. Shirley _____ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. [单选题] *A. has writtenB. wroteC. had writtenD. was writing(正确答案)16. Do I have to take this medicine? It ____ terrible. [单选题] *A. tastes(正确答案)B. is tastingC. is tastedD. has tasted17. I must return the camera to Li Lei. I _______ it for two weeks. [单选题] *A. keepB. borrowedC. have kept(正确答案)D. have lent18. ______ the job ______ by Lucy or by John? Tell me the truth ,please. [单选题] *A. Has…finishedB. Has …being finishedC.Is …finishD. Has …been finished(正确答案)19. Isn’t this the third time that you _____ late? [单选题] *A. have been(正确答案)B. will beC. wereD. had been20. By this time tomorrow, we _____ the machine. [单选题] *A. have repairedB. will have repaired(正确答案)C. will repairD. would repair21. Have you discovered who __________your book by mistake? [单选题] *A. takesB. took(正确答案)C. takenD. will take22. It _________in the newspaper that a new railway will go through East Forest. [单选题] *A saysB. is said(正确答案)C. saidD. is saying23. We asked our teacher when we __________ for our study trip to New York. [单选题] *A. set outB. have set outC. will set outD. would set out(正确答案)24. The teacher told the students that the sun _________ eight planets. [单选题] *A. has(正确答案)B. haveC. hadD. had had25. If it __________rain tomorrow, we will go to the Botanic Garden to enjoy the beautiful flowers. [单选题] *A isB. willC. isn'tD. doesn't(正确答案)26. The hotel________ a lot of complaints because of the terrible service since last year. [单选题] *A. are receivingB. have receivedC. has received(正确答案)D. received27. I __________the streets in our neighborhood this time yesterday when you called me. [单选题] *A. was cleaning(正确答案)B. have cleanedC. am cleaningD. would clean28. ---You look very nice in your new dress today.---Thank you. I________ it when it was on sale. [单选题] *A. buyB. bought(正确答案)C. have boughtD. will buy29. At the meeting the boss was explaining his plan while his secretary___________ the notes. [单选题] *A. is takingB. was taking(正确答案)C. has takenD. takes30. There is someone who _________to see you. [单选题] *A. wantB. wants(正确答案)C. wantedD. will want31. I’ve something ________ you. [单选题] *A. tellB. toldC. to tell(正确答案)D. telling32. When I was young, my father used to ____me some interesting stories. [单选题] *A. sayingB. tell(正确答案)C. tellingD. speak33. Mrs Zhang told me that a rabbit’s large ears enable it ____ the slightest sound. [单选题] *A. hearB. hearingC. heardD. to hear(正确答案)34. Tom has worked for the whole day there. I think he is too tired to go on ____. [单选题] *A. workB. working(正确答案)C. workedD. to work35. Don’t be worried about me, Mom. As soon as I ____ in America, I will call you. [单选题] *A. arrive(正确答案)B. arrivesC. arrivedD. is arriving36. --- Can you tell me if Sandy ____ to have dinner with us?--- I think she will come if she ____ free tonight. [单选题] *A. come; will beB. come; isC. will come; is(正确答案)D. comes; is37. _______ you just have a look at the programme "I'm the chef today" on ICS, you______ able to change the channel. [单选题] *A. If; shouldn't beB. After; must beC. When; would beD. If; won't be(正确答案)38. The cat___________ to the people who live upstairs. [单选题] *A. belongB. belongs(正确答案)C. is belongingD. was belonging39. The game "Travel in space" sounds _______ and we are all _______ in it. [单选题] *A. interested; interestingB. interested; interestedC. interesting; interested(正确答案)D. Interesting; interesting40. We can protect our country by _________ the air, the water and the land. [单选题] *A. not polluting(正确答案)B. not polluteC. not to polluteD. to not pollute41. Wait a moment! He __________ a meeting in the meeting room. [单选题] *A. will haveB. hasC. is having(正确答案)D. had42. If the trees keep on _______ , it can be _________to block the sun out and cool the air. [单选题] *A. growing; tall and large enough(正确答案)B. grow; enough tall and largeC. living; tall and large enoughD. live; enough tall and large43. The government warned some factories _____ the water again, or they will be punished. [单选题] *A. polluteB. to polluteC. not polluteD. not to pollute(正确答案)44. George jumped out of bed quickly this morning when the alarm clock suddenly ____. [单选题] *A. went off(正确答案)B. went toC. went outD. went on45. ____! There are so many cars on the street. Don’t cross the street now. [单选题] *A. Look out(正确答案)B. Look afterC. Look upD. Look at45. I won’t go to Tom's birthday party tomorrow evening unless_______. [单选题] *A. invitingB. being invitedC. invited(正确答案)D. having invited47. He pretended _______with Mary when I saw him. [单选题] *A. I was talkingB. talkingC. to talkD. to be talking(正确答案)48. The captain, as well as his passengers ___________ alive when they were rescued from the sinking ship. [单选题] *A. was(正确答案)B. wereC. isD. are49. Bill got lots of help from others though he ____ the biggest trouble in life last year. [单选题] *A. met with(正确答案)B. meeted withC. had met withD. was meeting50. _______the early train, Tom got up very early this morning and rushed in a taxi to the railway station. [单选题] *A. CatchingB. CaughtC. To catch(正确答案)D. Catch。
八年级物理原理英语练习题20题
八年级物理原理英语阅读理解20题1<背景文章>Buoyancy is an important physical concept. It refers to the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object immersed in it. The principle of buoyancy can be explained by Archimedes' principle. According to this principle, the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.For example, when a ship is floating on the sea, it is because the buoyant force acting on the ship is equal to the weight of the ship. If the weight of the ship increases, more water will be displaced to maintain the balance of forces.The factors that affect buoyancy include the density of the fluid and the volume of the object immersed in the fluid. The greater the density of the fluid, the greater the buoyant force. Similarly, the larger the volume of the object, the greater the buoyant force.1. The principle of buoyancy is explained by ___.A. Newton's lawB. Archimedes' principleC. Ohm's lawD. Coulomb's law答案：B。
初二物理练习题英文资料
初二物理练习题英文资料I. MechanicsA. Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following is a vector quantity?A. SpeedB. DistanceC. DisplacementD. Time2. An object is accelerating if its velocity is:A. ConstantB. ChangingC. ZeroD. NegativeB. Fill in the Blanks1. The SI unit of force is ________.2. The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is approximately ________ m/s².II. Thermal PhysicsA. True or False1. The thermal energy of an object increases as its temperature increases. (True/False)2. Conduction is the transfer of heat through a solid medium. (True/False)B. Short Answer Questions1. What is the process which heat is transferred from a hotter object to a cooler object?2. What is the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure?III. OpticsA. Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following is a convex lens?A. Concave lensB. Convex mirrorC. Plane mirrorD. Concave mirror2. The speed of light in a vacuum is:A. 3 × 10^5 km/sB. 3 × 10^8 m/sC. 3 × 10^6 m/sD. 3 × 10^8 km/hB. Fill in the Blanks1. When light passes from air to water, it ________.2. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is ________ to the angle of reflection.IV. ElectricityA. True or False1. An electrical circuit is a closed path through which electric current flows. (True/False)2. A series circuit has multiple paths for current to flow. (True/False)B. Short Answer Questions1. What is the SI unit of electrical resistance?2. Define the term "electromotive force" (EMF).V. MagnetismA. Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following is a magnetic material?A. WoodB. PlasticC. IronD. Glass2. The direction of the magnetic field around a straight conductor carrying current is given :A. Righthand ruleB. Lefthand ruleC. Middlehand ruleD. No specific ruleB. Fill in the Blanks1. A magnet has two poles, namely ________ and ________.2. The magnetic field lines inside a solenoid form________ patterns.VI. Waves and SoundA. Multiple Choice Questions1. Which type of wave requires a medium for its propagation?A. Light waveB. Sound waveC. Radio waveD. Microwave2. The frequency of a wave is determined :A. Its amplitudeB. Its wavelengthC. Its speedD. Its sourceB. Fill in the Blanks1. The SI unit of frequency is ________.2. The speed of sound in air at room temperature is approximately ________ m/s.VII. Atomic and Nuclear PhysicsA. True or False1. An atom consists of a nucleus surrounded electrons. (True/False)2. Radioactive decay is a random process. (True/False)B. Short Answer Questions1. What is the charge of a proton?2. Name the three main types of radioactive decay.VIII. Energy and WorkA. Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following is a form of potential energy?A. Kinetic energyB. Thermal energyC. Gravitational potential energyD. Electrical energy2. Work is done when:A. A force is applied to an object and the object moves in the opposite directionB. A force is applied to an object and the object moves in the same directionC. A force is applied to an object and the object does not moveD. No force is applied to an objectB. Fill in the Blanks1. The work done a force is equal to the product of the force and the ________.2. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be ________ or destroyed.IX. Pressure and FluidsA. True or False1. Pressure is directly proportional to the depth of a fluid. (True/False)2. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted a fluid on an object. (True/False)B. Short Answer Questions1. What is the SI unit of pressure?2. Explain the concept of Pascal's principle.X. Units and MeasurementA. Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following is a derived unit?A. MeterB. KilogramC. SecondD. Newton2. The prefix "kilo" represents a factor of:A. 10^3B. 10^6C. 10^9D. 10^12B. Fill in the Blanks1. The SI base units of the quantity "speed" are ________ per ________.2. To measure the volume of an irregularly shaped object, you can use the ________ method.答案I. MechanicsA. Multiple Choice Questions1. C2. BB. Fill in the Blanks1. Newton (N)2. 9.8 m/s²II. Thermal PhysicsA. True or False1. True2. TrueB. Short Answer Questions1. Heat transfer2. 100°CIII. OpticsA. Multiple Choice Questions1. D2. BB. Fill in the Blanks1. Refracts2. EqualIV. ElectricityA. True or False1. True2. FalseB. Short Answer Questions1. Ohm (Ω)2. The force that drives electric charges through a conductor.V. MagnetismA. Multiple Choice Questions1. C2. AB. Fill in the Blanks1. North and South2. CircularVI. Waves and SoundA. Multiple Choice Questions1. B2. DB. Fill in the Blanks1. Hertz (Hz)2. 340 m/sVII. Atomic and Nuclear PhysicsA. True or False1. True2. TrueB. Short Answer Questions1. +12. Alpha decay, beta decay, gamma decayVIII. Energy and WorkA. Multiple Choice Questions1. C2. BB. Fill in the Blanks1. Displacement2. CreatedIX. Pressure and FluidsA. True or False1. True2. TrueB. Short Answer Questions1. Pascal (Pa)2. Pascal's principle states that a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the fluid and the walls of its container.X. Units and MeasurementA. Multiple Choice Questions1. D2. AB. Fill in the Blanks1. Meters per second (m/s)2. Water displacement。
英语物理试题及答案
英语物理试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI)?A. NewtonB. JouleC. WattD. Coulomb2. What is the speed of light in a vacuum?A. 299,792 kilometers per secondB. 299,792 meters per secondC. 299,792 miles per hourD. 299,792 feet per second3. The formula for calculating work done in physics is:A. Work = Force × DistanceB. Work = Force × TimeC. Work = Mass × AccelerationD. Work = Force × Velocity4. Which of the following is not a fundamental force in nature?A. Gravitational forceB. Electromagnetic forceC. Nuclear forceD. Frictional force5. The principle of conservation of energy states that:A. Energy can be created or destroyed.B. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.C. Energy can only be transformed from one form to another.D. Energy can be transformed and destroyed.6. What is the formula for calculating the kinetic energy ofan object?A. KE = 1/2 mv^2B. KE = 1/2 mvC. KE = mv^2D. KE = mv7. The law of reflection states that:A. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.B. The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of reflection.C. The angle of incidence is less than the angle ofreflection.D. The angle of reflection is always 90 degrees.8. What is the primary difference between a conductor and an insulator?A. Conductors have a higher resistance than insulators.B. Conductors allow the flow of electric current, while insulators do not.C. Insulators have a higher resistance than conductors.D. Conductors are made of metals, while insulators are not.9. The formula for calculating the electric power is:A. Power = Voltage × CurrentB. Power = Voltage / CurrentC. Power = Current^2 / VoltageD. Power = Voltage^2 / Current10. The relationship between wavelength, frequency, and speed of light is given by the equation:A. Speed = Wavelength × FrequencyB. Speed = Wavelength / FrequencyC. Speed = 1 / (Wavelength × Frequency)D. Speed = Frequency / Wavelength二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The SI unit for electric current is the ________.2. The process of an object moving from a higher potential energy to a lower potential energy is called ________.3. The formula for calculating the gravitational force between two objects is ________.4. The SI unit for electric charge is the ________.5. The formula for calculating the electric field strength is ________.6. The principle that states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction is known as ________.7. The formula for calculating the magnetic force on a current-carrying wire is ________.8. The SI unit for temperature is the ________.9. The process of converting electrical energy into other forms of energy is called ________.10. The formula for calculating the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is ________.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave.2. Describe the process of photosynthesis in plants.3. Discuss the concept of the Doppler effect and its applications.四、计算题（每题15分，共30分）1. A 5 kg object is moving at a velocity of 10 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy.2. A 10 m long wire carries a current of 5 A. If the wire is placed in a magnetic field with a strength of 0.2 T,calculate the magnetic force acting on the wire.五、实验题（每题20分，共20分）1. Design an experiment to demonstrate the principle of the conservation of momentum. Include the materials needed, the procedure, and the expected results.答案：一、选择题1. A2. B3. A4. D5. B6. A7. A8. B9. A10. A二、填空题1. Ampere2. Energy conversion3. F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2 (where F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects, and r is the distance between their centers)4. Coulomb5. E = F / q (where E is the。
大学物理科技英语复习
1．In the absence of force ,a body will either remain at rest,or continue to move with constant speed in a straight line.在不受力的情况下，物体将保持静止状态或匀速直线运动状态。
2．Modern scientific discoveries lead to the conclusion that energy may be created from matter and that matter in turn may be created from energy. 近代科学的发现得出这样的结论：物质可以产生能量，能量又可以产生物质。
3．Because energy can be changed from one from into another,electricity can be changed into heat energy,mechanical energy,light energy,etc. 因为能量可以从一种能量转化为另一种能量，电能可以转化为热能，磁场能，光能等。
4.To launch a space vehicle into orbit , a very big push is needed because the friction of air and the force of gravity are working against it要把宇宙飞行器送入轨道，需要施加很大推力，因为空气的摩擦力和地球引力对它起阻碍作用。
5.Einstein , who worked out the famous theory of relativity , won the nobel prize in 1921由于爱因斯坦提出了著名的“相对论”，因此，他于1921年获得了诺贝尔奖金6.The ferromagnetic materials can become paramagnetic, with the temperature being above the Curie temperature.温度高于居里温度时，铁磁质会变成顺磁质。
物理专业科技英语课后练习题含答案
物理专业科技英语课后练习题含答案第一部分：力学1. 题目A 2.5 kg mass attached to a spring with a spring constant of 250 N/m is subject to a harmonic motion. If the maximum displacement is 0.1 meters, calculate:a)The maximum force exerted by the spring.b)The maximum velocity of the mass.c)The maximum acceleration of the mass.2. 答案a)The maximum force exerted by the spring can be calculated as:Fmax = k * xmax = 250 N/m * 0.1 m = 25 NSo, the maximum force exerted by the spring is 25 N.b)The maximum velocity of the mass can be calculated as:vmax = √(k/m) * xmax = √(250 N/m / 2.5 kg) * 0.1 m = 1 m/sSo, the maximum velocity of the mass is 1 m/s.c)The maximum acceleration of the mass can be calculated as:amax = √k/m * xmax = √(250 N/m / 2.5 kg) * 0.1 m = 1 m/s^2So, the maximum acceleration of the mass is 1 m/s^2.第二部分：热力学1. 题目A gas at a pressure of 2 atm and a volume of 3 L is compressed to a volume of 1 L while its pressure increases to 4 atm. Calculate the work done on the gas during this process.2. 答案The work done on the gas during this process can be calculated as: W = -PΔV = -(4 atm - 2 atm) * (1 L - 3 L) = 4 atm * 2 L = 8 JSo, the work done on the gas during this process is 8 J.第三部分：电学1. 题目A capacitor with a capacitance of 50 nF is charged to a potential difference of 100 V. If the capacitor is then discharged through a resistor with a resistance of 5 kΩ, calculate:a)The time constant of the circuit.b)The time required for the voltage on the capacitor to dropto 50 V.c)The current through the resistor when the voltage on thecapacitor is 50 V.2. 答案a)The time constant of the circuit can be calculated as:τ = RC = 5 kΩ * 50 nF = 0.25 msSo, the time constant of the circuit is 0.25 ms.b)The time required for the voltage on the capacitor to dropto 50 V can be calculated using the equation:V = V0 * e^(-t/τ)where V0 is the initial voltage on the capacitor, e is the mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828, and t is the time elapsed. Solving for t, we get:t = -τ * ln(V/V0) = -0.25 ms * ln(50 V/100 V) ≈ 0.173 msSo, the time required for the voltage on the capacitor to drop to 50 V is approximately 0.173 ms.c)The current through the resistor when the voltage on thecapacitor is 50 V can be calculated using Ohm’s law:I = V/R = 50 V / 5 kΩ = 0.01 ASo, the current through the resistor when the voltage on the capacitor is 50 V is 0.01 A.。
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物理专业英语复习题库 Document number：NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT专业应试题库一，专业词汇翻译A spherical system of coordinates 球坐标系Absolute scale绝对温标Absolute temperature 绝对温度Absolute zero 绝对零度Acute angle锐角Adiabatic process绝热过程Adjacent邻近的Amount of heat 热量Amplitude振幅Analytical expression解析式Angular momentum角动量Angular velocity角速度Annihilate湮灭Appreciable相当多的Approximate solution近似解Arbitrarily任意的变换莫测的Assume that 假设At constant pressure定压At rest静止的，Axial symmetry轴对称Axis of rotation转轴Be independent of 独立的，Be proportional to 与……成正比Bend使弯曲的Capacitor电容器Center of mass质心Centripetal force向心力Cgs厘米-克-秒制（Centimeter-Gram-Second）Change in jumps 突变Chaotic无序的Charge by conduct 接触起电Charge by induction 感应起电Circulation motion圆周运动Classical mechanics经典力学Coefficient系数Coherent相干性Combustion engine内燃机Comparison 参照物Compensate 补偿，抵消Conductor导体Consecutive 连贯的Consequently结果，因此Conservation守恒Considerable 相当大的Constant常量Constructive interference 干涉相长Coordinate system坐标系Coulomb’s law库仑定律Counter-phase反相Cross-sectional 横截面Curl旋度Curvilinear motion曲线运动Cyclic process循环过程Decrement衰减率Denominator分母Density密度Derivative导数Destructive interference干涉相消Developing显影Deviation from脱离逸出Diatomic双原子的Difference差异Diffraction衍射Dimension 维Discrete value离散值Displacement位移Distance 距离Distribution function分布函数Divergence 散度Dynamics动力学Elastic collision弹性碰撞Electric dipole电偶极子Electric field 电场Electric potential 电势Electric potential energy电势能Electrically polarized电极化Electrodynamics电动力学Electromagnetic电磁学Electron电子Electrostatic静电Elementary mass元质量，质量元Embodiment体现具体化Emulsion感光剂Energy能量Energy level 能级Entropy 熵Equilibrium平衡Equipartition principle均分定理Ether以太Exposure曝光External force外力Factor因素First law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律Focal plane焦平面Fraunhofer diffraction夫琅和费衍射Free fall自由落体Friction摩擦力Gamma photon伽马射线General theory relativity广义相对论Geometrical几何的Gradient梯度Gravity重力，地心引力Grow proportionally to 正比增长Harmonic function调和函数Harmonic oscillator谐振子Heat 热Heat capacity 热容Heat engine热机Heat transfer热传递Hence因此Histogram直方图Hologram 全息图Holography 全系照相Homogeneous（反应堆）燃烧和减速剂均匀调和的Huygens’ Principle惠更斯原理Hypothetical medium 假设介质Ideal gass理想气体Identical 同一的，完全相同的Illuminate说明Impart 给予Impulse冲量Inalienable不可分割的Incident light入射光Inclination倾角Incoherene非相干的Increase增加Increment增量Inertia惯性Inertial reference frame惯性参考系Infrared radiation 红外辐射Initial moment 初始时刻Instantaneous瞬间的Insulator 绝缘体Integral 积分Interference 干涉Internal energy 内能Internal force内力Intra-molecular energy 分子内能Isotropic 各向同性的Kinematics运动学Law of cosine square余弦定理Length contraction长度收缩Macroscopic宏观的Mass质量Mass-energy conversion质能转换Mean distance 平均距离Mechanical equivalent of heat热功当量Mechanics力学Medium 介质Microscopic 微观的Molar heat gas capacity 气体摩尔热容Mole 摩尔Molecular physics分子物理学Momentum动量Monatomic单原子Monochromatic light单色光Motion运动Multiply乘以Neutron中子Newton’s first law牛顿第一定律Non-equilibrium state非平衡态Normal acceleration法向加速度Normal to 垂直于Nuclei原子核Nucleon 核子Numerator 分子Object beam 物体光束Obtuse angle钝角Operator算符Overlap 重叠Polarization两极分化极化Parallel axis theorem平行轴定理Parallel beams平行光束Parallel rays平行光Parallelogram method平行四边形法则Parameter of state状态参数Perfectly rigid body刚体Perpendicular垂直的Phase difference相位差Phenomena现象Piston活塞Point charge点电荷Point particle质点Power功率Preference优先权Principle of relativity相对性原理Probability可能性Probability distribution function概率分布函数Projection 投影Propagate传播Proton质子Pseudoscopic幻视镜的Quantitative conclusion定量结论Quasi-static 准静态的Radian弧度Radius半径Rarefaction稀薄的Real image实像Rectilinear motion 直线运动Redistribution重新分配Reference frame参考系Reference wave参考波Relative atomic mass of an element相对原子质量Relative molecular mass of substance相对分子质量Relaxation process弛豫过程Relaxation time 弛豫时间Reversible (process)可逆过程Rotational inertia转动惯量Scalar标量Scalar field标量场Semiconductor半导体Semitransparent 半透明的Solid angle立体角Spatial coherence 空间相干性Special theory of relativity狭义相对论Specific heat capacity 比热容Speed 速度速率Stationary 固定的Subscript下标Superpose 重叠的Superposition叠加Symmetry对称的Temperature温度Temporal coherence 时间相干性Terminal velocity末速度Test charge检验电荷The difference on optical path 光程差The equation of state of an ideal gass理想气体物态方程The magnitude of a vector向量的大小The number of degree of freedom自由度数量The reciprocal of 倒数The refractive index折射率The right-hand screw rule右手螺旋定则The second derivative of 二阶导数The square of distance距离的平方The tangential acceleration切向加速度Thermodynamic temperature scale热力学温标Three dimensional三维的Time averaged value时间均值Time dilation时间膨胀Timepiece计时器Torque力矩Torsion balance扭秤Translation motion平动Triatomic三原子的Tuning fork音叉Twin paradox孪生佯谬Ultraviolet light紫外线Undeformable body不可形变体，刚体Uniform circular motion匀速圆周运动Unit time单位时间Vector field 矢量场Vectors矢量Velocity 速度,矢量Virtual image虚像Wave length 波长Wave number波数Weight重量二、段落翻译翻译('54)1、For a stationary field, the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend on the initialand final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved. Forces having such a property are called conservative.对于固定的场,力作用在质点上的公取决于初始位置和末位置,而与路径无关,具有这个性质的力叫保守力.2、 A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which motion isbeing considered an a timepiece indicating the time forms a reference frame.由运动上相对静止的物体所组成的复合体，外加显示（记录）时间的仪器，一起构成了参考系统。