英语语法术语中英文对照

英语语法术语（中英文对照）

一、词性 part of speech

1.名词 noun

1)专有名词 proper noun

2)普通名词 common noun

3)可数名词 countable noun

4)不可数名词 uncountable noun

5)抽象名词 abstract noun

6)具体名词 concrete noun

7)物质名词 material noun

8)集体名词 collective noun

9)个体名词 individual noun

2.动词 verb

1)及物动词 transitive verb （Vt）

2)不及物动词 intransitive verb (Vi)

3)系动词 link verb

4)助动词 auxiliary verb

5)情态动词 modal verb

6)规则动词 regular verb

7)不规则动词 irregular verb

8)短语动词 phrasal verb

9)限定动词 finite verb

10)非限定动词 infinite verb

11)使役动词 causative verb

12)感官动词 verb of senses

3.形容词 adjective

4.副词 adverb

1）方式副词adverb of manner

2）程度副词adverb of degree

3）时间副词adverb of time

4）地点副词adverb of place

5）修饰性副词 adjunct

6）连接性副词 conjunct

7）疑问副词 interrogative adverb

8）关系副词 relative adverb

5.代词 pronoun

1）人称代词 personal pronoun

2）物主代词 possessive pronoun

i.名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun

ii.形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun 3）反身代词 reflexive pronoun

4）指示代词 demonstrative pronoun

5）疑问代词 interrogative pronoun

6）关系代词 relative pronoun

7）不定代词 indefinite pronoun

6.冠词 article

1）定冠词 definite article

2）不定冠词 indefinite article

7.数词 numeral

1）基数词 cardinal numeral

2）序数词 ordinal numeral

8.介词 preposition

9.连词 conjunction

10.感叹词 exclamation

二、数/格/性 number/case/gender

1.数number

1）单数形式 singular form

2）复数形式 plural form

3）规则形式 regular form

4）不规则形式 irregular form

2.格case

1）普通格 common case

2）所有格 possessive case

3）主格 nominative case

4）宾格 objective case

三、句子成分 members of sentences

1.主语 subject

2.谓语 predicate

3.表语 predicative

4.宾语 object

1）双宾语 dual object

2）直接宾语 direct object

3）间接宾语 indirect object

5.定语 attribute

6.状语 adverbial

7.同位语 appositive

8.补语 complement

1）主补（主语补语） subject complement

2）宾补（宾语补语） object complement

四、句子sentence

1.简单句 simple sentence

2.复合句 complex sentence

3.并列句 compound sentence

4.陈述句 declarative sentence

5.存在句 existential sentence

6.疑问句 interrogative sentence

1）一般疑问句 general question

2）特殊疑问句 special question

3）选择疑问句 alternative question

4）反义疑问句 disjunctive question

7.肯定句 positive sentence

8.否定句 negative sentence

9.祈使句 imperative sentence

10.省略句 elliptical sentence

11.感叹句 exclamatory sentence

五、语气/语态/语序/一致 mood/voice/order/agreement

1.语气mood

1）陈述语气 indicative mood

2）祈使语气 imperative mood

3）虚拟语气 subjunctive mood

2.语态voice

1）主动语态 active voice

2）被动语态 passive voice

3.语序 order

1）自然语序 natural order